Static Balance In Children Research Articles

The Effectiveness of the Game Reaching for Stars and Achieving Hope on the Static Balance of Children with Flat Foot Conditions

Balance in children plays an important role in maintaining body posture in static and dynamic conditions, regulating and controlling motion stability, and supporting the maturation of motor skills. Motor-related movement disorders in balance and posture are influenced by the impact of flat foot. This research aims to determine the effectiveness the game consists of reaching for stars and achieving hope of the static balance of children with flat foot. The research method used is quantitative with a pre-experimental research group design after testing. The population of this study was the class B group of Samarinda City Kindergarten aged 5-6 years, totaling 60 people. Sampling used a purposive sampling method with the qualifications of respondents who identified the condition of the flat foot as 15 children. The data collection techniques used are observation, experiments, and documents. The data analysis technique used is statistical analysis tif description, Kolmogorov Smirnov normality test, and test paired sample test. Based on the research results, there are significant changes in the abilities of the child's static balance as shown by the results of the paired sample test as big as Sig. (2-tailed) 0.001<0.05, then H0 is rejected and H1 is accepted, meaning that the effectiveness of the game of reaching for stars and achieving hope has a significant influence on children's static balance abilities.

The effect of rhythmic exercise on balance performance in children with mental retardation

This study aims to demonstrate the effect of rhythmic exercise on improving static balance in children with mental retardation. The study employed a quantitative method with a pretest-posttest control group design. A total of 12 children with mental retardation, aged 10-12 years, participated in the study. Subjects were randomly divided into two groups: the control group (CG, n=6) and the rhythmic exercise group (RE, n=6). The rhythmic exercise intervention was conducted with a duration of 20-30 minutes per session, at a light to moderate intensity, three times a week for four weeks. Static balance was measured using the Stork Balance Stand Test, conducted pre-exercise and post-exercise. Data analysis techniques included the paired sample t-test with a significance level of 5%. The results showed the average static balance in the CG and RE between pre-exercise and post-exercise (12.89±1.74 vs 13.16±2.05 seconds, p ≥ 0.05), and (13.24±1.39 vs 21.03±1.62 seconds, p ≤ 0.001). The findings indicate that the rhythmic exercise intervention conducted over four weeks was effective in improving static balance in children with mental retardation.

The Effect of Tightrope Walker Exercise on the Static Balance of Children Aged 4-7 Years with Flat Foot Conditions at KB Islamic Kindergarten Sultan Agung 2 Semarang City

Balance is the ability to maintain the body in the center of mass of the body against a fulcrum to oppose gravity in a position that is influenced by the sensory system, musculoskeletal and external effects. Flat foot is a musculoskeletal disorder in children. At the age of 5-6 years is a period of developing children's motor skills, especially balance, which is very good when stimulated in the form of games. One stimulation to improve the balance of flat foot children aged 4-7 years is tightrope walker training. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of tightrope walker training on the balance of children with flat feet aged 4-7 years. This research is a quasi experiment with a pre and post test design approach, namely the sample in the treatment group was given tightrope walker training for 4 weeks with a frequency of 2 times a week. Balance measurement uses the one legged stance test. Data analysis in this study used statistical tests with a significance level of 0.05 using the sample paired t-test. The results of statistical tests show that there is a significant influence between giving tightrope walker training on the static balance of children with flat foot conditions. The implementation of tightrope walker training for flat foot children is recommended for static balance problems in children. The conclusion of this research can be implemented that tightrope walker training has an influence on the balance of children with flat feet aged 4-7 years.

The Effectiveness of Playing Footprints and Hands on Static Balance in Children Aged 4-6 Years with Flat Foot Conditions in TK Tunas Tridharma Plus Samarinda

The aim of this research was to determine the effect of playing with footprints and hands on the static balance of children aged 4 - 6 years with flat feet at Tunas Tridharma Plus Kindergarten Samarinda. Research methods used is a quantitative approach with a pre-experimental research group design after testing. The population of this research is students Tunas Tridharma Plus Kindergarten Samarinda. The sample taken in this research used purposive sampling with as many respondents as possible 20 children. The data collection techniques used are observation, experimentation and documentation. The data analysis technique used is statistical analysis description, kolmogorov smirnov normality test and test paired sample test. Based on the research results, there are significant changes in abilities the child's static balance as shown by the results of the paired sample test as big as Sig. (2-tailed ) 0.001<0.05, so H0 is rejected and H1 is accepted, meaning that the effectiveness of the footprints and hands game has a significant influence on the static balance ability of children aged 4-6 years in flat foot conditions.

Comparison of foot measures on dynamic and static balance in children engaged in different sports disciplines

It is known that sports contribute to the development of children's anthropometric, biomechanical, postural and proprioceptive characteristics. By participating in a sport discipline in childhood, it is possible to gain sports-specific features. Comparing sports that require different motoric features and neuromuscular competencies raises the question of how these different requirements might also affect biomechanical and balance skills. The aim of this study is to compare the foot posture, foot function and dynamic-static balance in children who engaged sports in different sport disciplines. The study included totally 66 child athletes with the mean age of 13.19±2.11 from the box, basketball and swimming disciplines. 54.55% of the participating athletes were female and 45.45% were male. Demographic and sport-specific characteristics of the participants were questioned with an 11-question case form. The Foot Posture Index (FPI) and the Foot Function Index (FFI) were administered. Static balance assessment was performed with the Flamingo Balance Test and dynamic balance assessment was performed with the Y Balance Test. The data obtained for each sport branch were compared between groups. There was no statistically significant difference in terms of demographic characteristics among groups. A statistically significant difference was found between boxing, basketball, and swimming branches in terms of FPI score, right and left static balance results, and foot posture class parameters (p

Pengaruh Core Strengthening Exercise Terhadap Keseimbangan Statis Pada Anak Adhd Di Praktik Fisioterapi Wates Kediri

Objective: To determine whether core strengthening exercise has an effect on static balance in children with ADHD at Wates Physiotherapy, Kediri.Methods: This article used pre and post test experiments conducted on 15 pediatric patients with ADHD. The core strengthening exercise was carried out for 4 weeks with a meeting intensity of 12 times (3 times a week).Results: Core strengthening exercise in the first week had no significant effect on static balance with a significant value of 0.055>0.05. Meanwhile, at weeks 2 to 4, it showed a significant effect with a significant result of 0.001 at week 2 and 0.000 <0.05 at weeks 3 and 4.Conclusion: Core strengthening exercise has a significant effect on improving static balance in children with ADHD in a training period of more than 1 week (minimum 2 weeks to 4 weeks / 1 month). The average of static balance increase on 15 child with ADHD after 1 month of exercise seen from the stork test is 1,54.

Scales Feature Foot Scanners as Parameters of Flat Feet in Children

The primary function of the legs is to provide the necessary support and encouragement for human bipedal movements. Flat feet or also known as pes planus, is a problem that is often encountered in daily pediatric practice for most children. This study aims to classify the shape of the soles of the feet in children aged 6-9 years to be divided into three parts, namely high arch, normal arch and flat arch. Clarke's angel is defined as the angle obtained by a tangent that joins the medial edge of the first metatarsal head and the heel, on the second line connects the metatarsal caput one with the centre of the longitudinal arch of the medial side. Of the 30 children, 66.67% (20 students) had a flatfoot foot shape and 33.33% (10 students) had a normal foot sole shape and none of the students had a cavus arch foot sole shape. The mode in children with normal legs is Enough with a percentage of 60% and in children with flatfoot is bad with a percentage of 75%. This proves the relationship between flatfoot and static balance in children. From the research we conducted, it can be concluded that the featured scales we made can capture the image of a child's feet to identify flat feet and the relationship between flat feet and the static balance of a child. From the research that has been carried out, we compare existing data using three methods. The primary method we use is Matlab software with comparison data using wet footprints and stork stand tests, which shows excellent accuracy and can be a reference for measuring the soles of the feet in the future.

The effectiveness of balance training on static balance and selective attention of children with Attention Deficit/ Hyperactivity Disorder

Introduction: Attention Deficit/ Hyperactivity Disorder is a common disorder in childhood, characterized by attention deficit, hyperactivity and impulsive behaviors. Aim: This study examines the effectiveness of balance training on static balance and selective attention in children with attention deficit/ hyperactivity disorder. Method: This research was quasi-experimental with a pretest-posttest design and a control group. The population was all 6-year-old children with ADHD referred to the center for child counseling in Gorgan in 2021-2022. Thirty people were selected by convenience sampling method and assigned to the experimental and control groups. In order to collect data, The stork balance test and Stroop color and word test were used. The statistical analysis was carried out using analysis of covariance in SPSS-24. Results: The results showed a significant difference between the post-test mean of the experimental and control groups; This means that balance training can improve Static balance (p<0.001; F=19.45) and selective attention (p<0.001; F=28.63) in children with attention deficit/ hyperactivity disorder. Conclusion: The results showed that balance training is effective on selective attention and static balance in children with attention deficit/ hyperactivity disorder. Therefore, This exercise seems to be helpful in the rehabilitation program.

Vojta Approach Affects Neck Stability and Static Balance in Sitting Position of Children With Hypotonia.

PurposeIn this study, the effect of the Vojta approach on neck stability and static balance in children with hypotonia was studied.MethodsSeventeen children with hypotonia were randomly divided into the Vojta approach group (n=9) and the general physical therapy group (n=8). Each group was applied intervention for 30 minutes per session, 3 times a week, for a total of 4 weeks. Ultrasonography was used to measure deep neck flexor muscle thickness, craniovertebral angle (CVA) to measure neck alignment along the spine segment, and Balancia software program to measure static balance.ResultsIn the Vojta approach group, the deep neck flexor muscle thickness was significantly increased (P<0.05), and the CVA was significantly improved (P<0.05). In addition, path area among static balance was significantly improved (P<0.05).ConclusionsThe Vojta approach can be suggested as an effective intervention method for improving neck stability and static balance in children with hypotonia.

The Effect of Strengthening Ball Roll Exercise and Strengthening Heel Raises Exercise On Static Balance In Children With Flat Foot In Sragi Subdistrict

The arch of a foot that is not formed normally is called a Flat foot. Flat foot can cause balance disorders in children. How to improve static balance can be done with strengthening ball roll exercise and strengthening heel raises exercise.The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of strengthening ball roll exercise and strengthening heel raises exercise on static balance in children’s flat foot at Sragi District.This study using quasi experimental design (non randomized control group pretest posttest design) consists of two groups, in control group consisted of 24 respondents, and in experiment group there are 24 respondents. The results of Wilcoxon test in control group showed p&gt;0,05 and p value in experiments group is p&lt;0,05, it means there is an effect of strengthening ball roll exercise and strengthening heel raises exercise on respondents’s static balance. The Mann Whitney U test, which was used as a defference test, obtained p = 0.443 on the right foot and p = 0.000 on the left foot. It means that was difference in the effectiveness of strengthening ball roll exercise and strengthening heel raises exercise on static balance in experiments group compared to the control group.

Repercussions of the Degrees of Hearing Loss and Vestibular Dysfunction on the Static Balance of Children With Sensorineural Hearing Loss.

The purpose of this study was to assess the static balance of children with sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) according to the degrees of SNHL and the function of the vestibular system. This cross-sectional study was conducted in public schools located in Caruaru, Pernambuco state, Brazil, with 130 children (65 with normal hearing and 65 with SNHL as documented by air and bone conduction audiometry) of both sexes between 7 and 11years old. Static balance was assessed by a stabilometric analysis using a force platform consisting of the circular area of center-of-pressure displacement of the children evaluated in 3 positions: bipedal support with feet together and parallel (PF), tandem feet (TF), and 1 foot (OF), carried out under 2 sensory conditions each, with eyes open and eyes closed. After balance assessments, the children with SNHL received examinations of auditory and vestibular functions-through audiometry and computerized vectoelectronystagmography, respectively-to compose the groups according to degrees of SNHL and vestibular function. The children with severe and profound SNHL demonstrated more static balance instabilities than the children with normal hearing in 5 positions assessed with eyes open (PF, TF, and OF) and eyes closed (PF and TF). The same phenomenon occurred in children with SNHL and associated vestibular dysfunction in all of the positions assessed with eyes open and eyes closed (PF, TF, and OF). The larger the degree of SNHL, the greater the balance instability of the children. The children with SNHL and associated vestibular dysfunction showed the highest balance instabilities in this study. Children with larger degrees of SNHL and associated vestibular dysfunction might require prolonged periods to rehabilitate their balance.

Nintendo Wii Balance Board therapy for postural control in children with cerebral palsy: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

To analyse the efficacy of Nintendo Wii therapy (NWT) on functional balance in children with cerebral palsy (CP). A systematic review with meta-analysis (PROSPERO identification number CRD42020169510) was performed using randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that examined the effect of NWT on functional, dynamic, and static balance in children with CP, assessed with the Pediatric Balance Scale, the Timed Get Up and Go Test, and the One Leg Stance Test respectively. The pooled effect was calculated using the Cohen's standardized mean difference (SMD). Eleven RCTs with 270 children (when sex was reported: 43% females, 57% males) with CP (mean age [SD] 10y 1mo [1y 1mo], range 5-16y) were included. On functional balance, we found very low-quality evidence with a large effect of NWT compared with no intervention (SMD 0.95, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.02-1.89) and moderate-quality evidence for using NWT plus conventional physical therapy (CPT) versus CPT (SMD 0.78, 95% CI 0.20-1.35) in sessions of approximately 30 minutes (SMD 0.86, 95% CI 0.20-1.52) and interventions lasting longer than 3 weeks (SMD 1.03, 95% CI 0.58-1.47). For dynamic balance, very low-quality evidence for a medium effect for using NWT plus CPT versus CPT (SMD 0.70, 95% CI 0.12-1.29) was found. NWT can be considered an effective treatment for improving functional and dynamic balance in children with CP, especially when combined with CPT in 30-minute sessions with interventions lasting longer than 3 weeks. What this paper adds Moderate-quality evidence with a large effect of Nintendo Wii therapy (NWT) on functional balance, compared with conventional physical therapy (CPT). Moderate-quality evidence with medium effect of NWT plus CPT on functional and dynamic balance, compared with CPT. Appropriate NWT sessions should be equal to or slightly less than 30 minutes. NWT interventions must be longer than 3 weeks.

Body-Worn Sensors Are a Valid Alternative to Forceplates for Measuring Balance in Children.

Clinical evaluation of balance has relied on forceplate systems as the gold standard for postural sway measures. Recently, systems based on wireless inertial sensors have been explored, mostly in the adult population, as an alternative given their practicality and lower cost. Our goal was to validate body-worn sensors against forceplate balance measures in typically developing children during tests of quiet stance. 18 participants (8 males) 7 to 17 years old performed a quiet stance test standing on a forceplate while wearing 3 inertial sensors. Three 30-second trials were performed under 4 conditions: firm surface with eyes open and closed, and foam surface with eyes open and closed. Sway area, path length, and sway velocity were calculated. We found 20 significant and 8 non-significant correlations. Variables found to be significant were represented across all conditions, except for the foam eyes closed condition. These results support the validity of wearable sensors in measuring postural sway in children. Inertial sensors may represent a viable alternative to the gold standard forceplate to test static balance in children.

Effects of Gymnastics on Static and Dynamic Balance in Children (Bingol Province Sample)

This study was performed out to examine the effects of gymnastic exercises on dynamic and static balance in children. A total of 31 volunteer children attending primary school in Bing&amp;ouml;l, 9 male experimental groups (MEG) and 8 male control groups (MCG) and 7 female experimental groups (FEG) and 7 female control groups (FKG), participated in the study. For the MEG who participated in our study, the age was found to be 7.60 &amp;plusmn; 1.51 years, the heigth was 127.30 &amp;plusmn; 10.90 cm, the body weight was 25.60 &amp;plusmn; 5.41 kg and the BMI was 15.74 &amp;plusmn; 0.99 kg/m2; for the MCG who participated in our study, the age was 7.25 &amp;plusmn; 1.26 years, the heigth was 125.80 &amp;plusmn; 9.70 cm, the body weight was 26.51 &amp;plusmn; 4.73 kg and the BMI was 17.72 &amp;plusmn; 0.66 kg/m2. For the FEG who participated in our study, the age was found to be 7.25 &amp;plusmn; 1.26 years, the heigth was 122.63 &amp;plusmn; 4.21 cm, the body weight was 26.51 &amp;plusmn; 5.38 kg and the BMI was 17.72 &amp;plusmn; 0.66 kg/m2; for the FCG who participated in our study, the age was 7.75 &amp;plusmn; 1.25 years, the heigth was 123.50 &amp;plusmn; 4.30 cm, the body weight was 26.75 &amp;plusmn; 5.52 kg and the BMI was 17.55 &amp;plusmn; 0.62 kg/m2. While basic gymnastics training was applied to boys and girls experimental groups for 8 weeks, 3 days a week, control groups continued their classroom training and were not included in any physical activities. Star balance test for dynamic balance measurement and flamingo balance test for static balance measurement were applied before and after gymnastics training. Analysis of the data obtained SPSS package program was used. The normality of the distributions of the variables and the homogeneity of the variances were determined by Mauchly Sphericity and Levene Tests. Analyzes between the groups, within the group and the effect of training were made with multiple measures analysis of variance (MANOVA) in repeated measurements. Post Hoc comparisons in significant values were determined by Bonferroni Test. The degree of significance (p &amp;lt; 0.05) was accepted. According to the star balance test values ​​applied before and after exercise, test*group interaction was observed in MEG in both the right foot and left foot Anterior, Anteromedial, Medial, Postoremedial, Posterior, Posterolateral, Lateral, Anterolateral values. It has been determined that this interaction is caused by intra-group development in MGE (p &amp;lt; 0.05). While anterior, anteromedial, medial, postoremedial, posterior, and anterolateral test*group interaction is observed for the right foot star balance test in girls, this interaction is due to intragroup development in the FEG (p &amp;lt; 0.05). Although the result did not express statistical significance in the posterolateral and lateral direction values, the results of the FEG in both values ​​were determined to be higher than the values ​​of the FCG. According to the results of the left foot star balance test in girls, Anterior, Anteromedial, Postoremedial, Posterior, Lateral, Anterolateral values ​​are observed in the test*group interaction, this interaction is due to intragroup developments in the FEG (p &amp;lt; 0.05). Although there was no significant difference in the values ​​of the medial and posterolateral sides, it was found that the measurements of FEG in both direction values ​​were higher than the results of the FCG. According to the flamingo balance test values, which is the other balance test applied in our research, according to MEG in MCG in both right foot and left foot tests; a significant increase was statistically observed in the FEG compared to the FCG (p&amp;lt;0.05).&#x0D; &#x0D; As a result, it is possible to say that the 8-week gymnastic exercises applied in our research improve both static and dynamic balance in children. It can be explained by balance is an important component in all movements of gymnastics.

Postural Stability Exercise on Static Balance in Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (AD / HD) Children in Pradnyagama Foundation

Static balance disorders are often found in children with attention deficit / hyperactivity disorder (AD / HD) which causes difficulty maintaining a position and concentration on onething. The development of balance is influenced by the maturity of specific nerve cells, experience, and environment. If this is left untrained it will certainly cause problems in thedevelopment process one of which is activities that require children to sit still or stand up. This study aims to look at postural stability exercise in improving static balance in children with attention deficit / hyperactivity disorder (AD / HD). The research is experimental with the design of one pre-test and post-test group design. Exercise is carried out three times a week for four weeks. Static balance measuring instrument with one leg stance test. Data analysis was obtained by descriptive analysis and normality test with shapiro Wilk test, and hypothesis testing was carried out by Wilcoxon test. The analysis shows that postural stability exercise increases static balance by 94.9% from the average before 9.83 and after 19.16 so that postural stability exercise is proven to improve static balance in children with attention deficit / hyperactivity disorder (AD / HD) ages 7-8 year at Pradnyagama Foundation.

The assessment of static balance in children with cerebral palsy with the use of a smartphone

Nontuberculosis mycobacteria are widespread in the environment and some are zoonotic. 320 tissue samples with visible lesions were obtained from dairy cows and examined by histopathology. Eleven samples showed typical granulomatous lesions and a total of 8 strains were cultured. Three genes (16S rRNA, hsp65 and rpoB) were sequenced for species identification. All mycobacterial isolates were tested for rifampicin, isoniazid, ethambutol, streptomycin, capreomycin, kanamycin, para-aminosalicylic acid susceptibility. Six strains were identified as M. fortuitum, 1 was M. avium, 1 was M. conceptionense, isolated from cattle for the first time. Seven of the 8 isolated strains showed multiple drug resistance.

Investigation of the effect of unstable ground training on static balance in children

Aim: T he aim of this research was to investigate the effect of six-week unstable (duradisk) ground exercises on the static balance feature of secondary school students. Methods: Research; 40 students volunteered (age=10.3 ±0.23) who did not have regular training in any sports branch. Two groups of an equal number of experiment group (n=20) and control group (n=20) were constructed randomly. The pre and post-test static balance measurements of all groups were measured using the Balance Error Scoring System and the level of development between the two groups was examined. After the pretest measurements were applied to the experimental and control groups, 6-week training sessions were performed with duradisk for 40 minutes and 3 days a week. No training was given to the control group. To test the difference between groups; parametric distributions were used for pre-test post-test values, two-way ANOVA test for repeated measurements and Kruskal Wallis test for non-parametric assumptions. Results: There was no significant difference between the experimental group and the control group in pre-test static balance measurements (p>0.05). After the study, it was seen that there was a significant difference in duradisc in all measurements between duradisk group and the control group (p<0.05). Conclusion: The results of our research showed that the 6-week duradisk training developed the static balance characteristics of middle school students according to the control group. Therefore, the use of duradisk may be recommended to improve balance in sport.

The assessment of static balance in children with hearing, visual and intellectual disabilities

Background: Balance is a fundamental part of many movement tasks a child performs. Maintaining upright posture is a complex process involving multiple body parts and functional systems. Objective: This study aimed to explore the mean amplitude and velocity of the center of pressure (COP) displacements during static balance tests in children with and without disabilities. Methods: Participants were 34 children (age 8.5 to 10.8 years) including 6 typically developed children, 8 children with hearing, 8 children with visual and 12 children with intellectual disabilities. Static balance data were obtained in 15 s bipedal stance with eyes open and eyes closed, and also in 10 s unipedal stance. A force plate was used to collect data of COP amplitude in anterior-posterior (COPA-P), medio-lateral (COPM-L) directions and COP velocity (COPV). Results: Study outcomes revealed that all subgroups presented larger COP displacement and velocity with eyes closed (p .05). Children with intellectual and visual impairments presented significantly larger displacement in COPA-P and COPM-L in comparison with children with hearing impairment and without disability (p < .05). Conclusions: This study provided evidence of comparative outcomes on static stability assessment in elementary school children with and without disability. While in many test items children with disability did not demonstrate a significantly decreased level of postural control outcomes comparing to their peers without disability, the balance assessment should be used for early detection of dysfunction in children, so as to guide the application of appropriate intervention.

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN POSTURAL ALIGNMENT IN STANDING BY PHOTOGRAMMETRY AND STATIC BALANCE IN CHILDREN WITH DISABILITIES

This study was executed to explore correlation between postural alignment in standing measured through photogrammetry and static balance in children with visual, hearing, intellectual and physical disability. METHODS: Participants were 34 children (age 7-12 years) including 8 children with hearing, 8 with visual, 6 with physical, and 12 children with intellectual disabilities Postural alignment in standing was measured through photogrammetry. Static balance data were obtained in 15 s bipedal stance with eyes open and eyes closed, and also in 10 s unipedal stance. A force plate was used to collect data of Centre of Pressure amplitude in anterior-posterior, medio-lateral directions and velocity. Correlation was obtained using Spearman's Rank Correlation co-efficient in SPSS software (version 19.0). RESULTS: Moderate positive correlation (r = 0.338 to r = 425; p ≤ 0.05) was found between angle of head position and angle of frontal and sagittal ASIS and PSIS level. Also, moderate positive correlation was found between angles in shoulder level and angles of the head (r = .365 to r = .453, p &lt; .05). In assessing the static balance outcomes between the four groups, results presented significant differences in results during bipedal stance with eyes open. CONCLUSION: Degree of forward head posture correlates directly with hip and shoulder anatomical placement. Children with intellectual disability presented larger displacement of the center of pressure with more body sway observed during eyes open condition.

Assessment of relation between gait and static balance in children with cerebral palsy

Assessment of relation between gait and static balance in children with cerebral palsy