Product State Research Articles

The Relevance of the Concept of Psychic Energy in Contemporary Psychology

The article focuses on the historical development and contemporary research in the fields of bioelectrical processes and psychic energy, emphasizing their significance in medicine and psychology. Special attention is given to Luigi Galvani’s contribution, who discovered bioelectrical activity through experiments on animals, leading to the concept of galvanization — the therapeutic use of electricity. The article also examines ideas of psychic energy introduced by Sigmund Freud, who defined libido as a form of psychic energy, and Carl Jung, who expanded the concept to include spiritual aspects. Additionally, modern approaches such as Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi’s theory of "flow" are discussed, exploring the relationship between psychic energy and states of productivity and well-being. The author emphasizes the need for interdisciplinary collaboration in further research on these topics and the importance of standardizing terminology to ensure the scientific and clinical applicability of the concept of psychic energy in contemporary studies and practice.

Initial State Preparation for Quantum Chemistry on Quantum Computers

Quantum algorithms for ground-state energy estimation of chemical systems require a high-quality initial state. However, initial state preparation is commonly either neglected entirely, or assumed to be solved by a simple product state like Hartree-Fock. Even if a nontrivial state is prepared, strong correlations render ground-state overlap inadequate for quality assessment. In this work, we address the initial state preparation problem with an end-to-end algorithm that and the quality of initial states, accomplishing the latter with a new metric—the energy distribution. To be able to prepare more complicated initial states, we introduce an implementation technique for states in the form of a sum of Slater determinants that exhibits significantly better scaling than all prior approaches. We also propose low-precision quantum phase estimation (QPE) for further state quality refinement. The complete algorithm is capable of generating high-quality states for energy estimation, and is shown in select cases to lower the overall estimation cost by several orders of magnitude when compared with the best single product state ansatz. More broadly, the energy distribution picture suggests that the goal of QPE should be reinterpreted as generating improvements compared to the energy of the initial state and other classical estimates: such an improvement can still be achieved even if QPE does not project directly onto the ground state. Finally, we show how the energy distribution can help in identifying potential quantum advantage. Published by the American Physical Society 2024

Methodology for improving the efficiency of paper production at the production facilities of ukrainian enterprises

This paper highlights the current state of paper production in the current state of energy supply in Ukraine. Paper and cardboard production is an energy-intensive process. The author presents ways to solve the problem of backup power and steam supply to the enterprises, as well as shows the complexity of electronic control, regulation of the web tension between electric drives with the possibility of their precise correction and movement from drive to drive, their dependence on high-quality and reliable power supply.

Structural basis of deoxynucleotide addition by HIV-1 RT during reverse transcription

Reverse transcription of the retroviral RNA genome into DNA is an integral step during HIV-1 replication. Despite a wealth of structural information on reverse transcriptase (RT), we lack insight into the intermediate states of DNA synthesis. Using catalytically active substrates, and a blot/diffusion cryo-electron microscopy approach, we capture 11 structures encompassing reactant, intermediate and product states of dATP addition by RT at 2.2 to 3.0 Å resolution. In the reactant state, dATP binding to RT-template/primer involves a single Mg2+ (site B) inducing formation of a negatively charged pocket where a second floating Mg2+ can bind (site A). During the intermediate state, the α-phosphate oxygen from a previously unobserved dATP conformer aligns with site A Mg2+ and the primer 3′-OH for nucleophilic attack. The product state, comprises two substrate conformations including an incorporated dAMP with the pyrophosphate leaving group coordinated by metal B and stabilized through H-bonds. Moreover, K220 mutants significantly impact the rate of dNTP incorporation by RT and HIV-1 replication capacity. This work sheds light into the dynamic components of a reaction that is central to HIV-1 replication.

Nonlocal sets of orthogonal product states with less members in multipartite quantum systems

Nonlocal sets of orthogonal product states with less members in multipartite quantum systems

PRELIMINARY ASSESSMENT OF THE POSSIBILITY OF DOUBLE-STRAND ROLLING AND SEPARATION OF REBAR WITH A DIAMETER OF 22 MM ON A 400/200 OF PJSC KAMET-STAL»

This paper presents proposals for the implementation of a new rolling-separation technology at Mill 400/200 of PJSC “KAMET-STAL” based on the results of mathematical modeling in the finite element program QForm. As part of this work, it is proposed to introduce a new variant of the rolling-splitting technology for rebar with a diameter of 22 mm. According to the proposal, rolled products in stands from 3H to 18H are manufactured in calibers and with settings that correspond to the calibration table for rolling rebars with a nominal diameter of 20 mm. According to this scheme, a double profile is formed in the 17H stand for cutting, and in the 18H stand, the billet is cut longitudinally into two halves with a diameter of 31 mm each. Further along the rolling process, an oval caliber of factory marking 8336 is installed in stand 19H to produce rebars with a nominal diameter of 22 mm (according to the current calibration table for rebars with a nominal diameter of 22 mm, the caliber of stand 15H). Rolls with a round caliber 8345 are installed in the 20H stand (according to the current calibration table for rebars with a nominal diameter of 22 mm – the caliber ofstand 16H). The final production of rebar with a nominal diameter of 22 mm is carried out in two passes in a high-speed 200/4 slitting line. To check the technical feasibility of rolling-separation of rebar profile with a nominal diameter of 22 mm according to the new scheme, the calculation of the deformed state of continuous rolling in the environment for modeling volumetric deformation problems of QForm UK version 10.2.1 was carried out. The model has a number of technical simplifications: all the equipment of the technological line is not taken into account and the distance between the stands is reduced. Simplifications do not reduce the accuracy of the calculation results. Calculations of the deformed state during hot rolling of steel rebar profile with a nominal diameter of 22 mm after separation were performed. The simulation results confirm the possibility of implementing the developed new production technology of rebar profile with a nominal diameter of 22 mm. Calculations showed that the new technology will make it possible to increase the state's productivity during the production of rebar profile with a nominal diameter of 22 mm by 28...29% compared to single thread rolling.

A CFT dual for evaporating black holes: boundary continuous matrix product states

Tensor network states, especially Matrix Product States (MPS), are crucial tools for studying how particles in large quantum systems are entangled with each other. MPS are particularly effective for modeling systems in one-dimensional space. Their continuous version, known as continuous Matrix Product States (cMPS), extends this approach to more complex quantum field theories that describe systems with an infinite number of interacting particles. This paper introduces a novel extension, boundary continuous Matrix Product States (BCMPS), which incorporate boundary states from conformal field theory (TFD state of two CFTs, let). We construct BCMPS and explore their potential holographic duals, linking them to black hole microstates with end-of-the-world branes in AdS/CFT. This connection hints at a deeper relationship between tensor networks and spacetime geometry, potentially offering new insights into the interplay between quantum information and gravity.

The work of being stuck: Caring masculinities in Mali and Burkina Faso

This article draws on comparative ethnography undertaken in a Malian train station where trains no longer circulate, and a market in Burkina Faso where the flow of customers has ebbed away. In doing so, we explore how workers deal with protracted economic and security crises that have eroded their working lives and thrown the meaning of their labour into question. In both sites, the primarily male workers perpetuated their routines, not only to sustain their workplaces but also to maintain both a sense of a meaningful working life and their masculine identity as breadwinners. They thereby aim to preserve the hope that trains and customers might one day return, restoring their work lives to their previous productive states. We focus on how workers engage in various rhythms of care to ‘stay put’ amidst an uncertain present, and an even more precarious future. Through acts of mutual support – assisting fellow workers, giving intergenerational advice, offering emotional support through religious care and food-sharing, and tending to the material conditions of their workplaces – they create a network of care grounded in both social and physical infrastructure. By analysing the ways in which workers care for each other and their space of work, this article sheds light on the ways masculine affective caring underpins their struggle to ‘stay put’ and continue deriving value from labour, even when this may appear difficult or impossible from the outside. In doing so, this dual case study illuminates ambiguous relationships between work and meaning, crisis and normalcy, and masculinity and care.

Biotechnological Advances in Vanillin Production: From Natural Vanilla to Metabolic Engineering Platforms

Vanillin, an aromatic aldehyde, is one of the most popular flavors worldwide, extensively used in the food, cosmetics, pharmaceutical, and agrochemical industries. Despite its widespread use, less than 1% of the total vanillin production is natural, with the majority being synthesized chemically. While chemical synthesis can help to meet the growing demand for vanillin, a strong market trend has rapidly developed for products created from natural ingredients, including natural vanillin. Given the labor-intensive process of extracting vanillin from vanilla pods, there is a critical need for new metabolic engineering platforms to support the biotechnological production of nature-identical vanillin. This review highlights the significance of vanillin in various markets, its diverse applications, and the current state of bio-engineered production using both prokaryotic and eukaryotic biological systems. Although recent advancements have demonstrated successful vanillin production through biocatalytic approaches, our focus was to provide a current and innovative overview of vanillin bioengineering across various host systems with special consideration placed on microalgae, which are emerging as promising platforms for vanillin production through metabolic engineering. The use of these systems to support the biotechnological production of vanillin, while leveraging the photosynthetic capabilities of microalgae to capture CO2 and convert it into biomass, can significantly reduce the overall carbon footprint.

Matrix product state ansatz for the variational quantum solution of the Heisenberg model on Kagome geometries

The Variational Quantum Eigensolver (VQE) algorithm, as applied to finding the ground state of a Hamiltonian, is particularly well-suited for deployment on noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) devices. Here, we utilize the VQE algorithm with a quantum circuit ansatz inspired by the Density Matrix Renormalization Group (DMRG) algorithm. To ameliorate the impact of realistic noise on the performance of the method, we employ zero-noise extrapolation. We find that, with realistic error rates, our DMRG–VQE hybrid algorithm delivers good results for strongly correlated systems. We illustrate our approach with the Heisenberg model on a Kagome lattice patch and demonstrate that DMRG–VQE hybrid methods can locate and faithfully represent the physics of the ground state of such systems. Moreover, the parameterized ansatz circuit used in this work is low depth and requires a reasonably small number of parameters, so it is efficient for NISQ devices.

Dicke states as matrix product states

Dicke states as matrix product states

Wood-based Solid Biofuel in Malaysia: Export Status and Policy Review

The widespread use of fossil fuel has led to severe environmental consequences, such as climate change and pollution. As a remedial response, the global energy landscape has decidedly shifted from fossil fuels to renewable energy sources, such as solar energy and biofuel for bioenergy. As a country rich in resources, Malaysia has had a golden opportunity to dwell on the production of the second-generation biofuel, also known as the wood-based solid biofuel (WBSB). This review paper intends to provide an overview of Malaysia's WBSB production and export industry, focusing on the current export status for the products and the policy frameworks that support the industry in Malaysia. The export status of five WBSB products (wood pellet, briquettes, charcoal, fuelwood, and wood chips or particles) are appraised based on its export status and global ranking. In addition, related biomass or biofuel policy and the effect it has on the progression of the biofuel industry were analyzed and consolidated. The findings show that the biofuel industry in Malaysia, specifically those concerning WBSB is average at best compared to its neighbors in Southeast Asia, Vietnam and Indonesia in the export of wood pellets and charcoal, respectively. However, in recent years, Malaysia has become increasingly competitive in the export of pellets and chips, which are becoming one of the top 10 global exporters. Furthermore, government policies and initiatives aimed at promoting sustainable forestry practices and stimulating the bioenergy sector have facilitated the growth of the biofuel industry, such as the Green Technology Financing Scheme (GTFS) IV of the National Biomass Action Plan. In general, this review outlines the current export state of WBSB products, while highlighting the key policies that govern biomass and biofuel production to identify areas for potential improvement to enhance competitiveness and sustainability in Malaysia's biofuel industry.

Chalcogen Bonds Enable Efficient Photoreduction of Sulfur-Containing Heterocycles.

Chalcogen bonding interactions have attracted significant attention in a broad chemistry community, with a particular focus on their ability to stabilise the key transition states in various organic synthetic routes. In this work, we demonstrate that they can also be harnessed in selective photoredox reactions, which cannot be otherwise achieved with alternative approaches to photoreduction. We demonstrate this concept through the photoreduction of the sulfur-containing DNA nucleoside precursor thioanhydrouridine to 2'-deoxy-thiouridine, revealing the previously unrecognized role of bisulfide in this process. Based on quantum chemical simulations, we identify a stable chalcogen-bonding complex of the hydrosulfide anion and thionhydrouridine (HS-⋅⋅⋅S contacts), which enables directional photoinduced electron transfer, resulting in the formation of non-canonical DNA nucleoside. We also disprove the possibility that photoreduction of thioanhydronucleosides could be initiated by hydrated electrons generated from irradiated bisulfide anions which do not interact with the chromophore. Finally, we show that selective photoreduction mediated by chalcogen bonds can only occur for chromophores, which exhibit sufficiently long excited-state lifetimes in the locally-excited states to undergo transition to the productive charge transfer state. These findings can be further used in the design of similar photoredox reactions which can employ the potential of chalcogen bonding interactions.

Quantum Magnetic Skyrmion Operator.

We propose a variational wave function to represent quantum skyrmions as bosonic operators. The operator faithfully reproduces two fundamental features of quantum skyrmions: their classical magnetic order and a "quantum cloud" of local spin-flip excitations. Using exact numerical simulations of the ground states of a 2D chiral magnetic model, we find two regions in the single-skyrmion state diagram distinguished by their leading quantum corrections. We use matrix product state simulations of the adiabatic braiding of two skyrmions to verify that the operator representation of skyrmions is valid at large interskyrmion distances. Our work demonstrates that skyrmions can be approximately coarse-grained and represented by bosonic quasiparticles, which paves the way toward a field theory of many-skyrmion quantum phases and, unlike other approaches, incorporates the microscopic quantum fluctuations of individual skyrmions.

STRENGHENING OF RC BEAMS BY FRC AND FRP SYSTEMS – A REVIEW

The article examines studies on the reinforcement of reinforced concrete elements of cement -based fibro -based fibro systems (FRC) and polymers reinforcement fibro (FRP). Nowadays, the world economy, and with it, the construction industry is developing at a rapid pace. New materials, mechanization, construction equipment are emerging on the market. Due to this, modern structures impress with their shapes, scale and complexity of structures. The state of construction production in the country can be judged on the state of the economy of this country as a whole. Now the urgent issue in the world is the use of new composite materials in the strengthening of building structures. Such materials include non -metallic fittings, laminates, nets and canvases based on high -strength fibers. In this case, the own weight of fiber materials is slightly small. Only units of the above researchers performed enhancement of experimental samples under load, so the influence of the initial stress-deformed state on the work of the structure after amplification was practically not studied.

Universal scaling laws in quantum-probabilistic machine learning by tensor network towards interpreting representation and generalization powers

Abstract Interpreting the representation and generalization powers has been a long-standing issue in the field of machine learning (ML) and artificial intelligence. This work contributes to uncovering the emergence of universal scaling laws in quantum-probabilistic ML. We take the generative tensor network (GTN) in the form of a matrix product state as an example and show that with an untrained GTN (such as a random TN state), the negative logarithmic likelihood (NLL) $L$ generally increases linearly with the number of features $M$, i.e., $L \simeq k M + const$. This is a consequence of the so-called “catastrophe of orthogonality,” which states that quantum many-body states tend to become exponentially orthogonal to each other as $M$ increases. We reveal that while gaining information through training, the linear scaling law is suppressed by a negative quadratic correction, leading to $L \simeq \beta M - \alpha M^2 + const$. The scaling coefficients exhibit logarithmic relationships with the number of training samples and the number of quantum channels $\chi$. The emergence of the quadratic correction term in NLL for the testing (training) set can be regarded as evidence of the generalization (representation) power of GTN. Over-parameterization can be identified by the deviation in the values of $\alpha$ between training and testing sets while increasing $\chi$. We further investigate how orthogonality in the quantum feature map relates to the satisfaction of quantum probabilistic interpretation, as well as to the representation and generalization powers of GTN. The unveiling of universal scaling laws in quantum-probabilistic ML would be a valuable step toward establishing a white-box ML scheme interpreted within the quantum probabilistic framework.

Experimental Spin-Orbit State-Resolved Differential Cross Sections of the S(1D) + D2 → SD(2Π3/2,1/2) + D Reaction at Collision Energies of 266.2 and 206.5 cm-1.

The S(1D) + D2 → SD + D reaction is a prototype insertion chemical reaction that involves spin-orbit interactions in the exit channel. In this work, we report spin-orbit state-resolved differential cross sections (DCSs) of this reaction obtained by crossed beam experiments at collision energies of 266.2 and 206.5 cm-1. The DCSs of specific rovibrational states exhibit a slight preference for forward scattering. When integrated over all rotational quantum states within each spin-orbit manifold, the total angular distributions of the two manifolds show nearly forward-backward symmetry, indicating that the deep well responsible for the long-living complex-forming mechanism predominates the entire reaction dynamics. Moreover, significant spin-orbit preference was observed at rotational quantum number N > 9 in the vibrationally ground state of SD products. It was also observed that SD products in the vibrationally excited state v' = 1 prefer to populate in the 2Π3/2 manifold, with the 2Π3/2/2Π1/2 ratio of 15.8 and 25.2 at collision energies of 266.2 and 206.5 cm-1, respectively. The experimental spin-orbit state-resolved DCSs obtained in this work will be of great importance for developing an accurate diabatic theory that includes spin-orbit interactions for this title reaction.

Research on the Impact of Urban Agglomeration Spatial Structure on the Innovation Capacity of the New Energy Vehicle Industry

As a new productive force, new energy vehicles have the characteristics of high technology, high efficiency, and high quality, which are in line with the advanced productive state of the new development concept. The spatial structure is related to whether the innovative elements of the new energy vehicle industry can be effectively organized, allocated, and produced within the city. This article takes the Beijing Tianjin Hebei Urban Agglomeration, Yangtze River Delta Urban Agglomeration, Chengdu Chongqing Urban Agglomeration, and Pearl River Delta Urban Agglomeration as research objects. Based on fused corrected DMSP/OLS and NPP-VIIRS night light data, it examines the impact of spatial structure on the innovation capacity of the new energy vehicle industry, and explores the transfer of innovation capacity within urban agglomerations, and predicts possible future development paths

Research on the Impact of Urban Agglomeration Spatial Structure on the Innovation Capacity of the New Energy Vehicle Industry

As a new productive force, new energy vehicles have the characteristics of high technology, high efficiency, and high quality, which are in line with the advanced productive state of the new development concept. The spatial structure is related to whether the innovative elements of the new energy vehicle industry can be effectively organized, allocated, and produced within the city. This article takes the Beijing Tianjin Hebei Urban Agglomeration, Yangtze River Delta Urban Agglomeration, Chengdu Chongqing Urban Agglomeration, and Pearl River Delta Urban Agglomeration as research objects. Based on fused corrected DMSP/OLS and NPP-VIIRS night light data, it examines the impact of spatial structure on the innovation capacity of the new energy vehicle industry, and explores the transfer of innovation capacity within urban agglomerations, and predicts possible future development paths

Multipartite entanglement in crossing the quantum critical point

Abstract We investigate the multipartite entanglement for a slow quantum quench crossing a critical point. We consider the quantum Ising model and the Lipkin-Meshkov-Glick model, which are local and full-connected quantum systems, respectively. The multipartite entanglement is quantified by quantum Fisher information with the generator defined as the operator of the ferromagnetic order parameter. The quench dynamics begins with a ground state in a paramagnetic phase, and then the transverse field is driven slowly to cross a quantum critical point, and ends with a zero transverse field. For the quantum Ising model, based on methods of matrix product states, we calculate the quantum Fisher information density of the final state. Numerical results of both linear and nonlinear quenches show that the quantum Fisher information density of the final state scales as a power law of the quench rate, which overall conforms to the prediction of the Kibble-Zurek mechanism with a small correction. We show that this correction results from the long-range behaviors. We also calculate the quantum Fisher information density in the Lipkin-Meshkov-Glick model. The results show that the scaling of quantum Fisher information in this full-connected system conforms to the Kibble-Zurek mechanism better, since the long-range physics cannot be defined in this nonlocal system. Our results reveal that the multipartite entanglement provides an alternative viewpoint to understand the dynamics of quantum phase transitions, specifically, the nontrivial long-range physics.