State Governance System Research Articles

Current Approaches to the Interaction Between Regional Public Authorities and Socially Oriented Non-Profit Organizations

Introduction. At present, all levels of government are continuously working on the formation of global information space and digital technologies in order to improve the information accessibility of the activities in public authorities of Russian constituent entities. The need for a more detailed analysis of this direction actualizes scientific research to develop promising areas of interaction between regional public authorities and socially oriented non-profit organizations (hereinafter - SO NPOs). The purpose of the research is to reveal current approaches to understanding the interaction between regional public authorities and SO NCOs. Methods. Criteria and support forms for SO NPOs were considered on the basis of the system method. Provisions and conclusions were substantiated by logical and structural analysis in terms of disclosing theoretical approaches and identifying the main problems in the interaction between regional public authorities and SO NPOs. Results. The article reveals current approaches to understanding the interaction between regional public authorities and SO NCOs. Conclusions. The research can be used in the improvement of mechanisms for the introduction of digital technologies in the system of state and municipal governance in the regions of the Russian Federation to improve the quality of interaction between the regional authorities and the non-profit sector.

What is special about the public service logic?

The article addresses the issues of the public service logic (PSL), one of the avenues of studying public and municipal administration. Developing this concept will contribute to the theory and practice of providing public services in the Russian system of state and municipal government. Methodologically, the paper rests on the provisions of public administration, as well as the concepts of service-dominant logic and public service-dominant logic. It follows the principles of methodological individualism and interdisciplinary approach that allows adding the findings of the existing economic studies to our analysis. Among the research methods applied are comparison, content analysis and systematization. We have identified the following theoretical gaps that need to be bridged to develop the PSL: first, the lack of a scientifically grounded definition of “public service value” as a form of service co-production involving the seller and the buyer, and, second, determining behavioural characteristics of employees of public (non-profit) organizations rendering credence goods-related services. Thus, the PSL outlines an important research area, namely studying value co-creation mechanisms in the public sector. The research findings can be utilized to refine public policy and produce strategic documents for the development of non-profit organizations providing public services.

Penerapan Good Governance pada Pemerintahan Daerah Ditinjau dari Perkembangan Ilmu Pemerintahan

The state government system is an important part of a country. In implementing regional independence, to be able to carry out its benefits well, regional authorities are required to create regulations for managing goog in each region. The rules of a good regime relate to how regional authorities, whether regency or city, act as policy executives, whether national or local policy. While the rules for good governance relate to how regional authorities implement regional level policies, this is also related to how regional authorities are able to carry out the policies that regional authorities want to implement.

Pemahaman Constitusional System of Indonesia (UUD) 1945

The 1945 Constitution is the highest constitution or law in the country of Indonesia, the Constitution has undergone changes or amendments 4 times, namely the first amendment in 1999, the second amendment in 2000, the 3rd amendment in 2001, and the 4th amendment in 2002, along with changes to the 1945 Constitution. The problem in this study is the lack of understanding of the 1945 Constitution, still not known by all Indonesian people at large. Indonesian people must know the 1945 Constitution as a written constitution that has the highest legal authority in the Indonesian state government system. The method of approach used in this research is normative juridical with a qualitative descriptive approach. The purpose of this study is to determine the understanding of the Constitutional System of Indonesia (UUD) 1945 as a written constitution that has the highest legal authority in the Indonesian state government system that must be obeyed by all Indonesian people.

The Implementation of Trias Politica Concept in The System of Government in Indonesian Constitution Post Amendment

The purpose of this study is to identify the concept of implementing Trias Politika in the Unitary State Government System of the Republic of Indonesia. This can be seen in the Indonesian National Constitution of the Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia Year 1945, this research was conducted to analyze how the implementation of the political triad based on the 1945 Constitution, in addition, it was studied with case studies related to the material studied. an approach that is descriptive analysis by summarizing and describing the concept of Trias Politica in Indonesia, with library research methods sourced from books and lieratur. The results of this study show that the principle of checks and balances in the concept of trias politika is a constitutional principle that requires that legislative power, executive power and judicial power are balanced and supervise each other so that the power of state institutions can be regulated.

Сравнительный анализ систем регионального и местного управления (самоуправления) Казахстана и Украины

This article compares the systems of local state government and local self-government in Ukraine and the Republic of Kazakhstan. A review of the formation and development of the reform of local self-government and territorial organization of power in Ukraine since 2014 has been carried out. A content analysis of the legal acts of both states is carried out in order to determine the legal status of local state government and local self-government of the two countries. A comparison is made of the main elements of local state government and self-government according to four parameters: administrative-territorial structure, status of local authorities, scope of powers of local authorities, budget system at the local level. The similarities and differences between the systems of the two countries were identified, and the revenue side of the budget of two administrative-territorial units of the 3rd (basic) level with a similar population was compared. The main advantages of one system of local state government and self-government over another are identified. Recommendations for the further development of the system of local government and self-government in Kazakhstan are formulated.

Public Policies Making Process and Governance: A Case Study National Ministry of Cabinet Affairs, South Sudan

The study explained public policy as important tool for good governance. The emphasis is placed on what is public policies making process? As such public policy is well-defined as articulated by early philosophers, is a projected programe of goals, values, and practices. Also it is essential for the policy concept that there be a goal, objective, or purpose. Generally public policies is defined as plans in that they are general statements or understanding which guide or channel thinking in decision making. In this regard the research explained Public Policy Formulation Process that indicates stages, types of public policies, implementation, and evaluation of public policy. On the other hand the study consider governanceas the manner in which power is exercised in the management of country's economic and social resources for development. Furthermore, governance system as posted by early writers is also explained. At the same time the articulation include governance system and state nation, governance characteristics, and governance system in South Sudan. The study has considered, the discussion, analysis, and finding for the research data collected, in which all respondents has expressed their opinion about important of public policies in shaping good governance. Moreover the study has included the explanation of challenges facing governance system in South Sudan and suggested solutions, including recommendations for public policy implementation.

STRATEGIC DIRECTIONS OF STATE GOVERNANCE MECHANISMS IN THE ECONOMIC COOPERATION SPHERE OF THE EASTERN PARTNERSHIP COUNTRIES

This scientific research explores the key aspects and challenges associated with Ukraine's European integration process, as well as the country's role and place in global globalization processes. The main focus is on analyzing the impact of these processes on the Ukrainian state governance system, its adaptation to the standards and practices of developed countries, particularly in the context of rapprochement with the European Union. The study examines the legal and regulatory aspects of European integration, identifying the obstacles and opportunities arising in the integration process, including the lack of clear long-term planning, coordination problems among government bodies, and insufficient staffing and financial provision. The research also includes an overview of the current state of relations between Ukraine and the European Union, revealing stagnation trends and regression in these relations, as well as analyzing issues related to the limitation of democracy and human rights violations in Ukraine. The study concludes with recommendations for improving the mechanisms for implementing Ukraine's European integration policy. A comprehensive approach is proposed, which includes adherence to the state strategy, resolution of conflicts in the European integration process, ensuring citizen participation and establishing public control, and ensuring transparency and accountability of government bodies. This approach involves the active engagement of all stakeholders in the integration process, aligning internal reforms with European standards, and ensuring Ukraine's sustainable development on the path to European integration. Keywords: globalization, integration, Eurointegration, integration policy, public control, state governance.

Smart еlite: conceptual framework

The article discusses a new subgroup within the ruling class, which is proposed to be called the smart elite. Its functional purpose is strategic planning and leadership in the digitisation of the economy, the state governance system, and more. In this context, digitisation is considered a mechanism for transforming society towards the development of advanced practices and social institutions. From a functional perspective, the identified group is an elite of development. The smart elite is primarily localised within development institutions and a number of near-elite groups, including experts, IT specialists, and businessmen. Its members possess competencies in the areas of strategic planning and project management. Additionally, the smart elite places a high value on advanced digital literacy, including knowledge and skills in working with content management systems (CMS), Google Analytics, Google Tag Manager (GTM), Yandex.Metrica, and others. To recruit individuals into this subgroup, open channels of social mobility have been created within the state, such as the “Leaders of Russia” competition, grants from the Skolkovo Foundation, and the Agency for Strategic Initiatives. The sociocultural meanings that bind the smart elite internally and are transmitted by its members beyond the group are related to activities in the interests of Russia. There is a constant tension between the desire of elite representatives to preserve their acquired power and, therefore, maintain the existing system without change, and the necessity to ensure the technological and social development of the country. At the individual level, this tension manifests as a conflict between conservative protectors and innovators within the power structures. However, the smart elite represents innovators of a special sociocultural type, associated with the formation of horizontal, non-hierarchical relationships in the networked society, including power distribution issues. At the highest echelons of power, the smart elite corresponds to the “networked people” in society; both of these social groups represent prototypes of a new type of stratification within the social system. The need to study the smart elite is linked to the evaluation of the effectiveness of state strategic planning and management, the sufficiency of qualified managerial personnel, and the presence or absence of contradictions between the declared and latent goals of the development institutions within which the smart elite operates.

Conceptual Approaches to the Concepts of Tax and Budget Federalism

In the work carried out, the theoretical aspects of budget and tax federalism were explored, taking into account the diversity of proposed conceptual approaches to their content and the lack of a unified approach to defining these concepts. The vagueness and diversity of interpretations of budgetary and tax federalism reduces their scientific validity and certainty, which hinders their effective implementation in the process of developing management decisions. Features of the organization of the system of state and municipal government in the Russian Federation in matters of delimitation of budgetary and tax powers between levels of government lead to the emergence of many problems, the key of which is the high level of differentiation of the subjects of the Russian Federation in terms of budgetary security. The purpose of the study was to develop a conceptual approach to understanding the concepts of “fiscal federalism” and “tax federalism” based on existing scientific definitions, as well as taking into account the peculiarities of their implementation in the Russian Federation. To carry out the work, methods of fundamental developments in the field of financial theory, scientific generalizations and comparative analysis were used. The results of the study were theoretical generalizations and analysis of the practical implementation of fiscal regulation mechanisms, as well as the author’s definition of the concept of “tax federalism”, and the key elements of its focus were highlighted. The final part of the article formulates the main conclusions based on the results of the analysis of the theory of budgetary and tax federalism, characterizes the features of their implementation in the Russian Federation, reveals the economic essence of tax federalism, its functional basis for the purpose of improving the mechanism of interbudgetary relations.

A Reasoning of Xunzi’s (荀子) State Governance Ideas: A Case Study on The Theory of Human Nature (Xing性)

Xunzi was a Chinese thinker who lived in the period of Warring States (480/403-222 BCE). He was critical of philosophical ideas in his time and brought forward ideas for establishing and preserving order in society. He created a state governance system in which rituals (li 禮) and law (fa 法) worked together. He reasoned his ideas on state governance and theories about an ideal society on his theories of human nature, and he has been criticized for his negative attributions to it. However, in the book bearing his name, Xunzi, it is seen that there are different presentations of his views on human nature. This article presents these different perspectives on Xunzi’s theory of human nature and shows why he attributed negative qualities to it. It offers a better understanding of the character of his theories, in this way, enlightens the way to a better understanding of his state governance ideas.

Legal role of artificial intelligence in institutionalization of public governance

This article explores the legal role of digital systems in the institutionalization of public administration in the context of decentralization, with a focus on the role of artificial intelligence (AI) in state management processes. The objective of the article is to define the legal role of AI and organized computer systems in state management processes and public administration. It identifies the factors that contribute to or hinder the effectiveness of integrating digital systems into legal institutions and relationships in Ukraine, with a specific determination of their distinct legal status. The research adopts a neo-institutional approach to analyze the legal institutionalization in various spheres of public administration. The article examines factors and elements that limit the effectiveness of AI usage in legal institutions during the process of decentralization and redistribution of executive powers, as well as in building a new quality of interaction with citizens and civil society. This material can serve as a foundation for studying ways to intensify the involvement of AI-based engineering systems in legal institutions in various aspects of public administration. Ukrainian scholars are encouraged to actively research the opportunities and challenges associated with AI implementation in public administration. Firstly, it is crucial to investigate the legal framework regulating the utilization of AI in state structures and institutions. Active collaboration with human rights organizations and other stakeholders is essential to ensure compliance with transparent and ethical standards in AI utilization in governance. Additionally, researchers should provide recommendations on establishing mechanisms for monitoring and auditing the implementation of AI to ensure its efficiency and compliance with legislation. Such an approach will contribute to the successful institutionalization of public administration using AI and promote the development of a modern and efficient system of state governance in Ukraine.

PECULIARITIES OF AGRARIAN ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN THE CONTEXT OF DECENTRALIZATION

The article examines the peculiarities of development of agrarian entrepreneurship under the influence of strengthening the role of local authorities and changes in the regulatory framework for land resources. 83% of Ukraine's land is used for agricultural purposes. Changes in land ownership, transformation of the state governance system, and constant demand for agricultural products have contributed to the differentiation of entrepreneurial structures and their potential capabilities. The economic level of the agricultural sector is represented by small, medium and large enterprises. It is proved that agricultural entities with the number of employees from 10 to 249 people form the bulk of the industry's income. It is found that the greatest transformations in the period of decentralisation in the agricultural business have been experienced by state-owned enterprises, production cooperatives, and business associations. An objective assessment of the activities of agroholdings is provided and their impact on local development is determined. In the context of decentralization of governance in communities, it is advisable to develop projects to intensify entrepreneurial activity. To form a capable community, it is necessary to: create an appropriate business environment, investment climate, and propose land development projects located within the community. Introduce strategic management of existing and creation of new communal enterprises in order to provide income to a special community budget. Create a participatory budget to plan rural development and support the initiative of its residents. Cooperation between agricultural holdings and local authorities should strengthen the activation of small businesses in the countryside, solving social, environmental, and economic problems of communities. Effective implementation of the decentralization reform is impossible without public support. We believe that participation budgets, which are involved in the implementation of agricultural projects, are capable of solving the tasks of sustainable development of communities.

Regional Representative Council in the Indonesian State Governance System: A Study of the Bicameral System

This study aims to examine and analyze the authority of the DPD in the law-forming process based on the bicameral system. This study uses normative legal research with the statute and comparative approaches. The collected legal material is then qualitatively analyzed to describe the problem and answer study purposes. The results show that the DPD members possess strong political legitimacy, because members of both chambers within the legislative branch are elected through the electoral process in Indonesia. However, no provision in the legislation grants the DPD a legislative function. Instead, the DPD holds limited authority in the law-forming process, only able to propose, participate in discussions, and provide considerations to the DPR over draft laws. In comparison, Indonesia’s DPD has significantly more limited authority than senates in other countries with bicameral systems. Additionally, several perspectives, paradigms, and differentiating factors help explain the reasons and objectives behind implementing bicameral systems. Therefore, it is recommended that stakeholders understand the various perspectives, paradigms, and differentiating factors that explain the reasons and objectives behind implementing bicameral systems in other countries. This understanding aims to enhance the authority of the DPD as a legislative power within the Indonesian state governance system. This understanding can also serve as a consideration for stakeholders in amending the 1945 Constitution, Law Number 17 of 2014, and Law Number 12 of 2011. In this context, the legislative function in a bicameral system refers to forming and ratifying laws by both chambers within the legislative branch. Consequently, Indonesia’s bicameral system can become more effective, responsive, and inclusive, ultimately promoting a more democratic and stable state governance system in the future.

History of the Salajiqoh Dynasty

In North America The Salajiqoh dynasty originates from the Salajiqoh dynasty, also known as the Salajiqoh dynasty, is one of the dynasties that played an important role in the history of the Middle East and Central Asia in the Middle Ages. The Salajiqoh dynasty was founded by a group of Turkic peoples led by Tughril Beg in the early 11th century. In the Salajiqoh dynasty there were systemic devices that formed an integral unit and wholeness in a system of state government. This research includes the type of library research or library research. Literature research is a type of research based on the analysis and interpretation of data taken from written sources, such as books, journal articles, reports, papers, and other sources available in written form. The Salajiqoh dynasty was the first Turkish Islamic empire to rule the Islamic world. The power he held was so broad that it covered Central Asia and the Middle East – stretching from Anatolia to Punjab in southern Asia. The Great Salajiqoh Empire, which began to take power in the 11th to 14th centuries, was founded by the Turkic Oghuz tribe who embraced Islam. These devices constitute and form an integral unit and integrity in a system of state government including viziers, qadi, tax officials, close friends, intelligence, military. Science began to develop and progress during the reign of Maliksyah and his prime minister, Nizam al-Mulk. It was Nizam al-Mulk who initiated the establishment of the Nizamiyah (1065 AD) Madrasa (University) and the Hanafiyah Madrasa in Baghdad.

Историко-правовые аспекты использования теории разделения властей Ш.Л. Монтескье в отечественной политико-правовой мысли

Evolution of perception of Montesquieu’s doctrine by an outstanding figure of modern epoch in Russian prerevolutionary political-legal thought is considered in the article. It is noted that there is a certain tendency to reduce the essence of Montesquieu’s doctrine to schematic division of state power into legislative, executive and judicial branches. The methodological potential of the doctrine about the correspondence of the forms of organization of power to the specific conditions of society life is shown. The emphasis is on the predominant reference of the Russian pre-revolutionary legal science to the scheme of separation of powers, and not on revealing the factors determining the specifics of its application. The article gives a brief description of the standpoints of some Russian lawyers starting from the moment of penetration of Enlightenment ideas into the Russian intellectual space and up to the break in the scientific tradition in connection with the changes in the typology of Russian state system caused by the events of 1917. A number of peculiarities of the influence of Montesquieu’s doctrine on the definition of the status of executive power in the system of separation of powers are demonstrated. It is shown that Russian political and legal science had reached the level of understanding of necessity to take into account national peculiarities of state life of concrete people in forming the system of state government.

Digital divide model: applicability, benefits, prospects

One of the aspects of the society development is the continuous improvement of the model of relations between a person (citizen) and society (state). As historical experience shows, often this model was a factor in the successful development of the state. There are three main types of relationship models: those determined by the priority of the state over the person, determined by the importance of human values, based on solidarity and subsidiary relations. There is a common drawback in the application of all these models – they are the same for all citizens within the borders of one state. With this in mind, the subject of the study is the structure of the relationship model “person-state”. Historical analysis and synthesis are chosen as research methods. Based on the analysis, it was determined that the maximum possible differences in the application of existing models are realized through the division of citizens into groups according to age, gender or other formal characteristics. It is concluded that such a situation can lead to internal conflicts, but so far it could not be corrected due to the lack of appropriate segregation mechanisms. The paper formulates the task of creating a new model of relations based on the digital divide in terms of the parameters chosen by each individual. It is concluded that the implementation of the proposed model will have a practical effect, which is to increase the efficiency of the functioning of the system of state and municipal government, while the technical prerequisites for the creation and implementation of such a system of relations already exist.

ОСОБЕННОСТИ РЕАЛИЗАЦИИ БЮДЖЕТНО-НАЛОГОВОГО ФЕДЕРАЛИЗМА В РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ

The article deals with the economic and legal foundations of budgetary and tax federalism as fundamental principles of organization of the system of state and municipal governance in federal states. The system of distribution of budgetary and tax powers between all levels of government in the course of realization of the budgetary process is studied. The existing uncertainty of interpretations of budgetary and fiscal federalism reduces the possibility of their effective use in the process of developing managerial decisions at all levels of government. The budget model applied in the Russian Federation, based on the constitutional and contractual norms of delimitation of budgetary and tax powers, has distinctive features of the construction and functioning of the budgetary system. This leads to a decrease in the budgetary sustainability of most Russian regions, maintaining a high level of differentiation of the subjects of the Russian Federation in terms of fiscal capacity. The study characterized the main theoretical approaches to the concepts of budgetary and fiscal federalism, analyzed the implementation of the current budgetary and tax mechanism, in the context of existing problems and possible risks of financial sustainability of budgets of the budgetary system.

Организация публичной власти в рамках федеральной территории «Сириус»

This paper considers some issues related to the amendments made to the Constitution of the Russian Federation in 2020, in particular, the introduction of the “federal territory” structure into the text of this act and the subsequent adoption of the Federal Law “On the Federal Territory “Sirius”. The importance of the study is caused by the novelty of the concerned category for domestic legislation, as well as the debatable and even inconsistent discussion of its various aspects in the scientific literature. The federal territory “Sirius” by the very fact of its existence creates the basis for further research in the field of interaction between the elements of the system of state and municipal government, the construction and functioning of public authority. The author analyzes some issues concerning the general characteristics of the “federal territory” concept, the status of the federal territory “Sirius”, the organization of the system of public authorities within this public legal entity. The study touches on the scientific discussion regarding the assessment of the federal territory legal nature: should it be understood as an independent territorial unit, which, along with the subjects of the Russian Federation, is a part of the state, or should it be considered as an integral part of the territory of a subject of the Russian Federation? Moreover, the author pays attention to the ambiguity in determining the place of public authorities of the federal territory (in relation to the federal territory “Sirius”) in the system of authorities in the Russian Federation as a whole. It is emphasized that it is early to say how successful the new form will be, moreover, during or following the results of the transition period provided for by the Federal Law “On the Federal Territory “Sirius”, significant adjustments to the status of this territorial entity are possible.

РЕАЛІЗАЦІЯ МЕХАНІЗМІВ ДЕРЖАВНОГО УПРАВЛІННЯ ЯКІСТЮ ВИЩОЇ ОСВІТИ: ВИКЛИКИ ТА НАПРЯМИ ВДОСКОНАЛЕННЯ

Integration of higher education systems into the globalized world is a critically important process aimed at enhancing the quality and relevance of education at the international level. The study examines the mechanisms of state quality management in higher education with a focus on the Ukrainian educational landscape and its alignment with European standards. The study addresses a multifaceted concept of higher education quality, encompassing various dimensions such as the relevance of educational programs, competence of instructors, adequacy of infrastructure, and overall support for learners. Understanding these key components is fundamental for the development of effective mechanisms to ensure the quality of higher education. The study emphasizes the role of the regulatory framework in shaping educational standards. These standards, influenced by the best international practices, are crucial for ensuring consistency, transparency, and accountability in the higher education sector. A number of problems have been identified in the implementation of mechanisms for state quality management in higher education, including inadequate funding, gaps in legislation, and the ineffectiveness of evaluation systems. In response to these existing challenges, proactive directions for improving the situation are proposed. Strengthening the financial foundation of the education system is deemed critically important to provide adequate resources for higher education institutions. Essential steps include reforming the system of state governance and improving the legislative framework to meet evolving educational needs. Additionally, optimizing evaluation and accreditation processes emerges as a key strategy for continuous enhancement and support of education quality. The importance of ongoing development and enhancement of mechanisms for state management of higher education quality is underscored. The proposed improvement directions serve as a roadmap for policymakers, educational institutions, and stakeholders to elevate the quality of higher education. By adopting contemporary strategies, educational systems can ensure not only harmonization with global standards but also equip learners with the skills and knowledge necessary to succeed in an ever-changing world.