States Domestic Policy Research Articles

Национальный ландшафт в отечественных кинокомедиях о деревне 1990-х годов: «деревенская трилогия» В. Чикова

The article examines the implementation of the national rural landscape in the Russian post-perestroika comedy films about village, namely in the ‘village trilogy’ by V. Chikov. In these films, the canon of the image of a villager, as well as specific shots of rural landscapes, inherits the traditions of Russian ‘village cinema’ and everyday comedies of the 1950s — the first half of the 1980s. In the absence of stylistic and artistic experiments in Chikov’s films, the landscape is of interest as an expression of a trend in the social consciousness of the time, also being a means of social satire and criticism of the state domestic policy of that time.

REGULATION OF LEGAL MIGRATION FROM GEORGIA TO EU COUNTRIES AND INTEGRATION INTO THE LABOR MARKET

Migration processes have become not only an important factor in modern international relations, but also have a serious impact on the state's domestic policy. In addition to combating illegal migration, protecting borders and providing asylum, an integral part of migration policy is also regulation of legal migration channels, including labor migration. Effective management of legal migration is in the common interest of EU member states and the EU as a Union. The paper presents a comprehensive analysis of the stages and principles of the formation of the supranational component of the regulation of legal migration in the European Union. The author pays special attention to the political and legal component, methods and tools of migration regulation in the European Union. The assessment of the current situation of the common migration policy of the European Union is of interest for the integration processes and the future development of the European Union.

Перспективы развития Международного аэропорта «Симферополь» в условиях преодоления кризиса макроэкономической нестабильности

The article presents the results of a study of the activities of the International Airport "Simferopol". After the Republic of Crimea became a part of the Russian Federation, one of the priorities of the state's domestic policy was the development of the regional infrastructure of the Crimean Peninsula. Simferopol International Airport occupies a special position in the structure of regional airports of the Southern Federal District. Regional airports of the Southern Federal District serve a significant part of the seasonal tourist flow of citizens coming from the regions of the Russian Federation. Based on the analysis of the tourist flow of the Republic of Crimea in the period from 2014 to 2020, as well as on the basis of a comparative analysis of Simferopol International Airport with other regional airports in the Southern Federal District and the analysis of the experience of European airlines in developing the route network on the basis of regional airports, a model of the prospective development of Simferopol International Airport in the period 2021-2025 was developed. It is important to note that the positive economic effect of the airport development will be achieved both at the regional and national level.

Independence of Justice and State Domestic Policy

In the article, based on the analysis of the main ideas of the liberal and conservative ideologies of building the relationship between society and the state, the problem of the independence of the justice system is considered. It is presumed that a judge cannot be completely independent from state institutions and, in particular, from the bodies (officials) that are key in his appointment. Under these conditions, it is necessary to state that the task of further scientific research on the issues under consideration is not so much the substantiation of the absolute lack of control of judges as the creation of a theoretical model to minimize the predicted impact on them, taking into account the objective institutional patterns that are not always taken into account today when discussing various reforms.

Судове провадження як наслідок захисту порушеного інтересу у сфері оподаткування: практика ЄСПЛ та баланс приватного і публічного інтересу

blic interest. – Article. The article highlights the practice of the European Court of Human Rights in protecting private and public interest in taxation. It is established that the law enforcement activity in taxation is a precondition for the realization of private and public interest, and this form of realization of the norms of tax law is characterized by the dualism of tasks and goals: satisfaction of needs and interests of persons whose rights and obligations are realized, as well as satisfaction of needs and interests of the society as a whole. The key decisions in the practice of tax disputes of recent years have been analyzed, which testifies to the dynamics of the ratio of private and public interest in taxation and search for the optimal variant of legal support of their implementation. The positions of the European Court of Human Rights relate to: the presumption of lawfulness of the taxpayer's actions in the presence of contradictory regulatory acts; provisions on the integrity of the taxpayer (the taxpayer should not be liable for violations committed by its counterparties); the need to take into account the mandatory presence of guilt in the case of fines, if they are exclusively punitive and deterrent in nature, comply with criminal prosecution in the sense of Article 6 of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms; the principles of proportionality and proportionality; the need to take into account the fact that the taxpayer is not liable for violations committed by its counterparties. It has been determined that in making decisions the European Court of Human Rights is guided by the principle of a fair balance between the private and public (general, public) interest, taking into account that the sphere of taxation is the prerogative of the state's domestic policy. Deprivation of property, interference in the use of property, control over the use of property by the state must be justified by the corresponding public purpose in carrying out control measures and must meet a fair balance between the requirements of the public interest and the requirements of protection of fundamental human rights. It is summarized that the domestic judicial practice in general develops in accordance with the principles of the European Court of Human Rights, which is an international body for the protection of rights and legitimate interests of subjects of legal relations, including in the field of taxation, operates in accordance with the principles defined by the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, taking them as a basis to resolve tax disputes in essence, creating legal precedents that are binding on both the states and taxpayers of these states. However, it is in no way allowed to use the positions of the t European Court of Human Rights, which do not correspond to the actual circumstances of the case.

Вопросы экономической безопасности в оборонно-промышленном комплексе

The development of the defense-industrial complex of Russia is one of the priorities of state domestic policy. At the same time, the defense-industrial complex is not only the main supplier of products intended for the military organization of the state, but also the driver of economic growth. Despite the significant state support of the defense industry complex, the main instrument of which is the state defense order, there are many problems in this area. We will try on the basis of analysis of the prospects and main problems of the development of the national defense industry in 2018-2025 identify the main factors that affect the level of its economic security and disclose their content.

The Incomplete Right to Freedom of Movement

We live now in the midst of a massive global crisis of mobility. An ever-growing population finds itself refugees displaced from the legitimate jurisdiction of any territorial state. In the face of this pressing emergency, influential voices argue that international human rights law should be placed “at the center” of international efforts to meet this challenge. But today's calamity is set against the backdrop of a universal human rights regime that is not only thin but, more importantly, incomplete. When it comes to cross-border mobility, human rights law ensures that states allow individuals to leave their state, but alas does not require that any other state let them enter and remain. Such entry and residence rights are required only for a country's own nationals (however nationality is defined). And so, many refugees who have exercised their human right to exit come up against a functional block to mobility: they have no place to stop moving. Some of them may nonetheless find a state willing to take them in. In that case, they may enjoy meaningful protection, but this protection exists only by virtue of a state's domestic policies and has little to do with international human rights.

Negative Economic Growth in Agriculture

Economic growth is generally defined as an increase in the productive capacity of a national economic system of producing national income (real output). Because the definition requires an organic link to the gross domestic product (gross national product) index and for an accurate performance it is compared with the number of inhabitants, the interpretation of the growth concept draw disputes to zero-growth and negative growth concepts (1). About the zero-growth concept we have already emphasized some lines in a previous article, in the same review (“Competition-zero-growth”, in Bulletin of University of Agricultural sciences and veterinary medicine/ Horticulture/vol.63/2006, ISSN 1454-2382, p.440). With that occasion, we showed the cost-originating mechanism of shaping the macroeconomic results. Profits also are generated by the cost/price ratio, in a permanent competition towards the largest share returning to the business (3). An important measure of the potential of growth, in order to define the welfare economy, the economy where Romania targets inside the wider convergence process, is the recorded “per capita disposable personal income”, in nominal and real terms (disposable personal income divided by the population); such index reveal similar trends for growth and development, which emphasis the necessity of watching and safeguard the entire system (2). Because the average rate flows, between high positive ones and much slower ones, we tackle the problem of efficiency and in extremis the opportunity of state domestic policies in order to guarantee the macroeconomic stability, the safety of the efficiency achievements on markets. From these remarks, the impact of the negative growth is the main concern in agriculture and in other Romanian economic branches too: lower returns will come up, all other incomes will decrease, and we will record a real compromise in the quality of life for the employed and their families. Economic shrinks re-orientate the resources more quickly and more profitable, and in this trend, rural development is expected to get helped, financed and supported from the macroeconomic managers, in the directions indicated by the market balances.

THE QUANTITATIVE REVOLUTION IN URBAN GEOGRAPHY

The quantitative revolution in urban-economic geography flourished in the 1960s at a time when United States domestic policy focused on cities, problems of race and poverty, urban renewal and housing, land use and transportation, and environmental pollution. Theoretical work in previous decades in economic geography, spatial analysis, and quantitative social science had set the stage for the 1960s. After computers came along, psychology and economics moved briskly into theoretical areas, with application of quantitative analysis and statistical analysis, while applied mathematics vaguely promised to unify theoretical and applied realms of social science. Geography's main research agendas through the 1950s had been dominated by physical geography and regional analysis, but a new generation of scholars at Washington, Northwestern, Michigan, Ohio State, Chicago, Minnesota, and Penn State pushed ahead with serious attention to theory development and quantification in human geography and statistical cartography. Scholars working on the fringes of other disciplines (e.g., Isard) as well as inside geography (e.g., Hägerstrand, Berry, Garrison, Haggett, Chorley, Harvey) produced work attractive to the new geography. Mayer and Kohn assembled a stimulating reader illustrating theoretical and applied urban problems using the new approaches. Despite advances in the 1960s and early 1970s, the results of the quantitative revolution in human geography in general—and in urban geography in particular—fell well short of their promise. New ideas, approaches, methods, and problems were never fully exploited or pursued. The reasons are unclear—perhaps we should try to find out why. [Key words: theoretical geography, quantitative revolution in geography, history of geography, geographic thought, spatial analysis, quantitative geography.]

The Relevance of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child for United States Domestic Policy: Welfare Reform and Children in Immigrant Families

The Relevance of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child for United States Domestic Policy: Welfare Reform and Children in Immigrant Families

The New Meaning of Modern War in the Thought of Reinhold Niebuhr

Reinhold Niebuhr was the archetypical American intellectual. A leftist minister in the 1920s and an anti-utopian socialist in the 1930s (his finest book, Moral Man and Immoral Society [1932] attacked technocratic optimism from the left), Niebuhr forsook his modern political visions during World War II for an old-fashioned Protestant doctrine based upon sin. This new pessimism, which he would come to call Christian realism, outlasted the war, and he consequently supported the American decision to confront the Soviet Union in 1945 and 1946. Niebuhr's wholehearted, if guilt-ridden, endorsement of the Cold War decisively affected the course of American intellectual life, especially among Democratic party liberals, for whom Niebuhr's articles in The Nation and in his own Christianity and Crisis had been required reading. Many of these liberals, once eager to maintain amity with the Soviet Union after the war, followed Niebuhr's defection to the Cold War camp. Without this conversion of the American mainstream left, President Truman's decision to wage the Cold War would have riven the Democratic party and prompted a political crisis. Thus was born American War liberalism, a combination of welfare state domestic policy and realist foreign policy. Realists regarded Stalin as a specific global menace, and international politics generally as a nasty business in which America nevertheless had to participate. Realism provided the intellectual basis of the Cold War, and Niebuhr took his place along with George Kennan, Hans Morgenthau, and Walter Lippmann as a leading philosopher of this new American realism and hence as a primary intellectual apologist for the Cold War. Niebuhr naturally incorporated the issue of the atomic bomb into his new philosophy, until the appearance, in the late 1950s, of both Soviet and American