Statement Of Comprehensive Income Research Articles

Adoption of Accrual Accounting in the Brazilian Public Sector: a Case Study in Light of Regulation Theory

Objective: To identify existing gaps in the adoption of full accrual accounting in the public sector, with a focus on analyzing the financial statements of the Ministry of Defense (MD), and to investigate the application of accrual accounting in the public sector, considering its complex regulations. Theoretical Framework: For the analyses, the theoretical foundation is based on the theory of regulation applicable to accounting regimes in the public sector. Methodology: The research, using the Ministry of Defense (MD) as a case study, adopted a multifaceted methodological approach, including a case study, literature review, and documentary analysis. Data sources included books, dissertations, scientific articles, and legislation. Documentary analysis focused on the MD's Financial Statements, accessed through the government portal, covering the years 2018 to 2022. The research also employed content analysis techniques, following the methodology suggested by Sampaio and Lycarião (2021), to evaluate the content of the information in relation to the established objectives. Results and Conclusions: The research identified that there is already partial adherence of the public sector to international standards, as the cash basis is still observed for revenues, and areas for improvement were noted, such as the adoption of the Statement of Comprehensive Income in the context of the public sector. Research Implications: It was observed that regulatory changes are important instruments for influencing the accountability processes of the public sector. Originality/Value: The research emphasizes the partial adoption of international public accounting standards and suggests further discussions and analysis to achieve complete adherence, confirming a gap between the implementation of standards and their practical application.

Фінансова звітність суб’єктів приватного сектору за національними та міжнародними стандартами: порівняльний аспект

The article is devoted to comparing the composition and structure of financial statement forms of private sector entities according to national and international standards. It examines the list of economic entities obliged to submit reports according to IFRS, along with the information that must be disclosed in providing financial statements. The set of financial statements under national and international standards are revised, comparing the provisions of national and international standards regarding the statement of financial position and the statement of comprehensive income.

Using interactive learning objects in teaching accounting sciences: a case study

Interactive learning objects (ILOs) are tools that can enhance and promote teaching in various fields of knowledge. For instance, GeoGebra is free educational software designed for teaching and learning mathematics. It is interactive mathematical software that can help students better understand accounting concepts and visualize complex financial relationships, making it easier to learn abstract concepts. Additionally, it can be used to explore what-if financial scenarios, which can help students develop their decision-making skills. The purpose of this article is to investigate the impact of GeoGebra on the development of mathematical skills among accounting science students. It contributes to the literature by demonstrating the effectiveness of teaching financial concepts through the application of five linear functions and their mathematical relationships in GeoGebra. This approach bridges the gap between differential calculus knowledge and the ability to achieve a geometric understanding and interpretation of the lines that can be created with this dynamic software. It also enables the interpretation of financial statement concepts based on the variations of the lines. GeoGebra, mathematical software, will feature a comprehensive income statement (CIS) as one of its relevant financial statements in financial accounting. Starting with an equation containing 15 variables, 2 are selected to represent the abscissa and ordinate axes, while the remaining 13 are considered parameters that can be adjusted by the user in the OIA windows. By changing these values, the equation will produce a straight line. It is worth noting that using OIA can be an effective strategy for enhancing one’s understanding of the basic sciences. The study emphasizes the significance of accuracy in financial management, the interplay among variables, and the utilization of technological tools to aid in comprehending these concepts.

PENERAPAN ISAK 35 DALAM PENYUSUNAN LAPORAN KEUANGAN PADA ORGANISASI NONLABA

The mosque is an entity that is not oriented to seek profit, one of the important aspects in managing the mosque is the financial accountability report. IAI states that there are accounting standards that are specific to the recording and presentation of financial statements of non-profit entities to realize a good form of Accountability Report. The standard that regulates the financial reporting of non-profit entities is Financial Accounting Standard No. 35 (ISAK 35). With the implementation of ISAK 35 in the presentation of mosque financial statements, the public and interested parties will get information related to the performance of mosque administrators and treasurers. The object of this research is one of the AAAA Mosques in Sidoarjo Regency. Data were collected through a series of interviews and observations and literature. Until now, the AAAA Mosque in Sidoarjo only presents simple financial reports, namely cash in and cash out reports. This study aims to simulate the preparation of the AAAA Mosque's financial statements based on ISAK 35. The financial statements produced include the Statement of Financial Position, Statement of Comprehensive Income, Statement of Cash Flows and Notes to Financial Statements.

ANALISIS PENERAPAN AKUNTANSI BERDASARKAN ISAK 35 PADA KANTOR LEMBAGA BANTUAN HUKUM MAHARDIKA JAMBI

This study aims to apply accounting based on ISAK 35 at the office of the Mahardika Legal Aid Institute The concept of ISAK 35 allows non-profit oriented entities to adjust the description used by financial statements and the financial statements themselves include statements of financial position, comprehensive income statements, statements of changes in net assets, statements of cash flows, and notes to financial statements At the Mahardika Legal Aid Institute has not implemented or made reports to these financial statements. The purpose of this study is to find out how the presentation of financial statements at the Legal Aid Institute. The types of data used are primary data and secondary data. Data collection techniques are carried out using interview and documentation techniques. The data analysis method used is qualitative descriptive, which is a method that describes, describes, compares data and circumstances and explains a situation in such a way that a conclusion can be drawn. The research was conducted at the Mahardika Engineering Legal Aid Institute research.
 Based on the results of the analysis, the financial statements of the Mahardika Legal Aid Institute are not in accordance with ISAK 35 because the presentation of the financial statements of the Mahardika Legal Aid Institute still uses simple recording. The financial statements of the Mahardika Legal Aid Institute have not made a statement of financial position, comprehensive income statement, statement of changes in net assets, statement of cash flows, and notes to financial statements.

Implementation of PSAK 73: Study of Financial Ratios of PT Aneka Tambang, Tbk

This research aims to analyze changes in PSAK regarding rent, which affects financial performance at PT Aneka Tambang Tbk. Implementing PSAK 73 requires lessees to classify operating leases into finance leases except for short-term leases and assets with a low basis. Lessees with future operating lease commitments must capitalize the lease assets and liabilities. Lease capitalization causes assets and liabilities to increase and equity to decrease in the statement of financial position while net profit in the comprehensive income statement increases. This is because the expenses that arise from the capitalization of rent, namely depreciation and interest expenses, are smaller than the rent expenses written off. The quantitative descriptive research uses secondary data sources in the form of PT Aneka Tambang Tbk's financial reports in 2019 before changes to the PSAK Lease and in 2020 after changes to PSAK. The research results show that changes to PSAK impact the company's financial performance as assessed by financial ratios.

Analisis Rasio Keuangan untuk Menilai Kinerja Keuangan pada PT. Indofood Sukses Makmur, Tbk

This research purpose to determine the financial performance of PT Indofood Sukses Makmur, Tbk in 2018-2022 period using financial ratio analysis. The basis for assessing and achieving a company is through financial analysis so that the company can control its financial condition and create a company framework. In assessing the job prospects of a company in the past and future and assessing the achievements of a company, financial ratio analysis is used which includes liquidity ratios (current ratio), solvency ratios (debt to asset ratio), activity ratios (total asset turnover), profitability ratio (return on equity) and market ratio (earnings per share). This research is descriptive research which is studied quantitatively. The population of the research is all financial reports of PT. Indofood Sukses Makmur, Tbk is listed on the IDX in 2018-2022 period. The sample for this research is the financial position report and comprehensive income statement in 2018-2022 period. Data collection was carried out using documentation techniques. The results of this research found that the overall financial performance of PT. Indofood Sukses Makmur, Tbk in 2018-2022 period based on analysis of liquidity ratios and solvency ratios is in fairly good condition. Meanwhile, profitability ratios and market ratios are in good condition. However, regarding the activity ratio, the condition of PT. Indofood Sukses Makmur, Tbk is still not efficient so it can be said to be not good. This is due to an increase in sales and total assets during the 2018-2022 period. Based on the results of calculations and analysis of financial ratios, it can be concluded that the financial performance of PT. Indofood Sukses Makmur, Tbk in 2018-2022 period experiences growth in various aspects and profitability can increase, making the company profitable.

Financial Performance Analysis of Mining Company PT. Vale Indonesia Tbk. Using the Economic Value Added (EVA) Method for the 2019-2022 Period

This study aims to analyze and assess the financial performance of PT Vale Indonesia using the Economic Value Added (EVA) approach during the 2019-2022 period. The type of research used is quantitative using descriptive data. The population in this study is the financial statements of the mining company PT Vale Indonesia Tbk. for the last 4 years, namely 2019-2022. The sample of this study is the statement of financial position and comprehensive income. The data collection technique used is documentation. The data analysis technique used is Economic Value Added (EVA) analysis which consists of NOPAT, Invested Capital, WACC, and Capital Charges. The results of this study indicate that the value of Economic Value Added (EVA) at PT Vale Indonesia Tbk. period 2019-2022 is always positive (EVA> 0) so that it can be said that management is able to create economic added value for the company. The results of the analysis using the Economic Value Added (EVA) method to measure the financial performance of the mining company PT Vale Indonesia Tbk. period 2019-2022, showed that during 2019 to 2022 it was always positive (EVA> 0). Based on this, it can be said that management is able to create economic added value for the company, investors or capitalists get more investment returns than invested and creditors can get interest, this situation shows that the company has succeeded in creating value for capital owners so that it indicates good financial performance.

The problems with comparability among financial statements prepared within Polish entities under IFRS

The aim of this paper is to analyse the comparability of headings included in the consolidated statements of profit or loss and other comprehensive income prepared under IFRS.The study required the analysis of statements of profit or loss and other comprehensive income patterns ensured by Polish accounting regulations as well as IFRS propositions in this field. Moreover, it covered the analysis of structure and content of IFRS consolidated statements of profit or lossand other comprehensive income prepared for the 2005–2019 period by Polish listed companies. The empirical study based on 477 consolidated statements of profit or loss and other comprehensiveincome showed that Polish entities use national patterns in IFRS reporting. Moreover, the results indicate that some entities were using the terms proposed by IFRS only in some years.As the analysis showed, there are some factors that may diminish the comparability of financial statements prepared under IFRS. To protect users of financial statements from making wrong decisions based on the illusion of comparable IFRS statements, there is a further obligation for researchon how comparable IFRS financial statements really are. Bringing attention to comparability problems with IFRS financial statements may influence future regulators’ approach in setting standards. This can enhance the quality of financial statements.

Empirical Assessment of the Effect of Financial Reporting Components on Investment Decisions of Small and Medium Enterprises in Nigeria

Financial reporting is a critical aspect of business operations that enables companies to communicate relevant financial information to their stakeholders. The primary goal of financial reporting is to provide investors with information that can assist them in making informed investment decisions. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of financial reporting on the investment decisions of SMEs. The study made use of primary data. Primary data was collected using an interview guide and questionnaires, with respondents being those in charge of making investment decisions in the firm under study or their agents. The questionnaire included both closed-ended and Likert-type questions. 150 questionnaires were administered out of which 100 were completed and returned. In order to ensure the reliability of the measures used in this research, the researcher conducted a random re-test exercise within the population sample of the study. The study findings indicate that financial reporting has a significant impact on the investment decisions of SMEs. The comprehensive income statement, statement of financial position, cash flow statement, and the statement of changes in shareholder's equity were found to have a significant positive effect on investment decisions. This finding implies that investors consider the information contained in these financial statements when making investment decisions. The study results state the importance of including all financial statements in financial reporting, as each statement provides unique information that can be relevant to investors. The study therefore recommended among other things; The Nigerian government and regulatory bodies should strive to improve financial reporting standards for SMEs, SMEs in Nigeria should be encouraged to undergo financial literacy education to improve their understanding of financial statements, the government should provide incentives such as tax breaks and subsidies to SMEs that prepare and disseminate comprehensive financial report.

Accountability and Financial Management of Mosques Based on ISAK 35 Concerning Financial Reporting of Non-Profit Organizations: Case Study at Al-Ikhlas Mosque

This study aims to find out how accountability for financial management exists at the Al-Ikhlas mosque and to find out how it conforms to ISAK 35 regarding financial reporting of non-profit organizations. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative research method. Data collection techniques used are observation, interviews, and documentation. According to ISAK 35, the financial statements of non-profit entities include statements of financial position, statements of comprehensive income, statements of cash flows and notes to financial statements. With good cash management, we can provide information to donors and other interested parties. The results of this study indicate that financial management at the Al-Ikhlas Mosque is still not in accordance with ISAK 35 standards, and the recording carried out by mosque administrators is still simple, namely recording income and expenses which are presented every Friday manually. The accountability process, which in this case is the process of disclosing to the congregation, is still not maximally detailed, only conveying the amount of income and expenses without clear details. Even so, the mosque parties have tried to make the best possible disclosure. This is because the management of the mosque does not know the financial recording system based on ISAK 35.

PENGUNGKAPAN LAPORAN KEUANGAN KONSOLIDASI BERDASARKAN PSAK 4 (REVISI 2009) PADA PT BCA

This research aims to determine the requirements for disclosing consolidated financial statements based on PSAK 4 (Revised 2009) at PT. Bank Central Asia Tbk. The methods used in this research are descriptive analysis. The secondary data consists of the Consolidated Financial Statements of PT. Bank Central Asia Tbk as of December 31, 2021, and 2022. The results of the research indicate that: (1) the consolidated statement of financial position; (2) the consolidated statement of comprehensive income; (3) the consolidated statement of changes in equity; and (4) the consolidated statement of cash flows of PT. Bank Central Asia Tbk and its Subsidiaries are in accordance with PSAK 4 (Revised 2009). The Parent Entity, in consolidating the financial statements of its Shariah-based subsidiaries, refers to Shariah PSAK and the Guidelines for Shariah Banking Accounting in Indonesia (PAPSI). The hypothesis in this research is accepted.
 Kata kunci: PSAK 4, Consolidated Financial Reports.

Analysis Of The Application Of The Principle Of Accountability In The Preparation Of The Financial Statements Of Political Parties Based On ISAK 35

This research was conducted at the Golkar Party DPD West Java province which is one of the non-profit entities in West Java. Financial accountability needs to be applied in nonlaba entities for the accountability of all types of expenditures on political education and the operation of political party secretariats. ISAK 35 regulates the presentation of financial statements to non-related entities consisting of: statement of Financial Position, Statement of Comprehensive Income, Statement of changes in Net Assets, statement of cash flows, and notes to financial statements (CALK). In the application of ISAK 35, not all nonlaba entities are able to apply it. The purpose of this study was to determine whether in the preparation of financial statements DPD Golkar West Java province has implemented the principle of accountability and implement ISAK 35 in the preparation of its financial statements. The method used in this study is a descriptive qualitative method as a method of approach to interpret accountability in the Financial Statements of DPD Golkar Party of West Java province. The results of this study indicate that the Golkar Party DPD West Java province has implemented the principle of accountability but has not fully implemented ISAK 35 as a guideline in the preparation of the party's financial statements.

The Effect Of Roa And Roe On The Profit Growth Of Government Banks With Credit Growth As An Intervening Variable

Company performance information reflected in profit information in the comprehensive income statement is important information seen by investors in making decisions regarding investment and credit, and also information for evaluating management's performance in managing the company. The company's good profit growth reflects that the company's performance is also good. In other words, profit is a measure of a company's performance, so the higher the profit it achieves, the better its performance. This study aims to test and analyze the effect of ROA on profit growth, the effect of ROA on profit growth with credit growth as an intervening variable, the effect of ROE on profit growth, ROE on profit growth with credit growth as an intervening variable, the influence of ROA and ROE on profit growth and the effect of ROA and ROE on profit growth with credit growth as an intervening variable. Based on the test results, the value of the ROA coefficient is -12.031, with a significance level of 0.153. So it can be stated that the hypothesis (Ha1) states that the ROA ratio does not influence credit growth in government banks is acceptable. The results of hypothesis testing (Ha2) in which the value of the ROA coefficient is -3.415 with a significance level of 0.067 can then be stated that the hypothesis (Ha2) stating that the ROA ratio does not affect profit growth with credit growth as an intervening variable in government banks is acceptable. The results of testing the ratio of ROE to profit growth show that the ratio of ROE with a coefficient value of 1.854 with a significance level of 0.095 has a positive but insignificant effect on profit growth. So it can be stated that the hypothesis (H03), which states that the ROE Ratio affects profit growth in government banks, is acceptable. The results of testing the ratio of ROE to profit growth with credit growth as an intervening variable showed that the ROE ratio had a positive effect with a coefficient value of 0.487 with a significance level of 0.045. So it can be stated that the hypothesis (H04), which states that the ROE ratio affects profit growth with credit growth as an intervening variable in government banks, is acceptable. Furthermore, the test results on the effect of credit growth on profit growth showed that the value of the credit growth coefficient of 1.093 and significant at 0.182 was a positive but insignificant effect. Thus the hypothesis (H05) of profit growth influencing the credit growth of government banks is acceptable.

PENERAPAN ISAK NO. 35 TERHADAP LAPORAN KEUANGAN MASJID NURUL HAYAT LEWOLANG

This research is aimed to collect more empirical of ISAK No. 35 related to the Presentation of Financial Statements of Non-profit Oriented Entities at the Nurul Hayat Lewolang Mosque. Data collection techniques used descriptive qualitative methods with interviews, observations and documentation. The study used secondary and primary data. The study resulted in evidence that the financial statements of the Nurul Hayat Lewolang Mosque were not in line with ISAK No. 35. The financial report of the Nurul Hayat Lewolang Mosque which has been adjusted by ISAK No. 35 by classifying transactions, compiling general journals, transferring to ledgers, compiling trial balances. Finally resulted in an accounting process flow in the form of a Statement of Financial Position, Statement of Comprehensive Income, Statement of Changes in Net Assets, and Statement of Cash Flows, as well as Notes to Financial Statements.

Features of operational activity expenses formation by elements

Introduction. Difficult enterprises’ operating conditions require strengthened expense control and an effective management system. Expenses accounting for different section groups creates an important information base for effective enterprise management. Thus, the division of expenses by elements involves the grouping of economically homogeneous expenses. This enables to form the information regarding material consumption, labor, and financial resources and to calculate the indicators that characterize the level of its efficiency at micro and macro levels. Though the list of expenses is established by regulatory documents, insufficient attention is paid to its content. There is not always an unequivocal position in the sectoral methodical recommendations on products’ cost formation (works, services) regarding the allocation of certain types of expenses to the corresponding element. This leads to information distortion about the elements’ size of operational expenses. Therefore, an important task today is to establish clear provisions regarding the content of expense elements, which will allow to provide a reasonable information about the usage of enterprise resources for management purposes.The purpose of the study is to scientifically substantiate the economic essence of the elements of expenses, to outline the content of each element of operating expenses according to the provisions of regulatory documents, and to establish the interrelationship between the component expenses of operational activity, divided according to classification features.Methods. In the process of research, the following methods were used: theoretical generalization, abstract-logical - to justify the economic content of expenses, divided by elements; comparison, grouping, analogies, analysis, and synthesis - to improve the content of expenditure elements; induction and deduction, modeling, structural and logical - to establish the interrelationship between different types of expenses of operational activity. The results. The expediency of dividing expenses by elements is substantiated and the relationship between elements of operating expenses and information about the usage of enterprise resources is presented. It is proposed to replace «material costs» with «material expenses», which will correspond to its content. Drawbacks in the presentation of expenses structure of operational activities by economic elements in accounting standards and sectoral methodical recommendations on products’ cost formation (works, services) are detected and the proposals for improving the content of the elements «material expenses», «labor expenses», «other operating expenses» were provided. The need to update and unify the expense structure by elements in various regulatory documents has been proven to reasonably form the third section of the Statement of Financial Results (statement of comprehensive income). The interrelationship between the component expenses of operational activities, divided according to various classification features is outlined.Perspectives. The further research perspectives are to determine the content of each element of operating expenses, based on the enterprise’s industry. This will contribute to the improvement of industry methodological recommendations on products’ cost formation (works, services).

Implementasi ISAK 35 dan Penyajian PSAK 109 dalam Laporan Keuangan pada Masjid Al-Muslimun Tulungagung

This study aims to determine the application of ISAK 35 as a standard for presenting financial statements, especially at the Al-Muslimun mosque, Tulungagung Regency, and to determine the presentation of financial statements combined between PSAK 109 and ISAK 35 to facilitate accountability and transparency of the management. The method used is a qualitative method with a case study approach. The data used in the study came from interviews, observations, documentation, and other relevant literature sources. The results of the study indicate that the Al-Muslimun mosque has not implemented ISAK 35 in the presentation of its financial statements. The financial statements are presented simply by only writing down the cash income and usage each month. The reconstruction of the financial statements for Al-Muslimun mosque shows a statement of financial position according to ISAK 35. Still, in the net assets section, it is converted into a balance of funds. Statements of comprehensive income, statements of changes in net assets, statements of cash flows, and notes to financial statements are presented under ISAK 35. Meanwhile, reports of changes in funds and reports of changes in assets under management are presented under PSAK 109.

Financial Statements Analysis for a Medical Centre in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates

This study analyzed the audited financial statements of a Medical Center in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. The results and findings served as the bases for recommendations to improve the financial performance of the company. This study aimed to provide possible actions and methods that could help enhance the business financial activities using Financial Statement Performance Analysis as its main tool for the years 2019 to 2021. This study used the documentary analysis as a technique in determining the financial ratios and providing a comparative financial statement of the Medical Center. The participants of this study are the partners, chief executive officers, the administration and the accountant. The researcher was able to gather data by communicating directly to the participants and visiting the location of medical center. In determining such, the proponents ascertained the Medical Center’s performance using the financial statement analysis; comparative statement of financial position, comparative statement of comprehensive income (Horizontal and Vertical Analysis) and statement of cashflow analysis. The ratios that assess profitability and performance that were utilized are as follows (1) Operating Profit Margin (2) Current Ratio (3) Debt Ratio and (4) Debt to Equity ratio (5) Return on Assets and (6) Return on Equity. The following conclusions were drawn: The results of the company comparative analysis shows good financial performance from the company as reflected in the increase from 2020 to 2021 while the decrease from 2019 to 2020. The results of the cash flow analysis shows that the company has enough cash to manage its assets, liabilities, and equity, and it has the potential to enhance its financial position particularly if the partners withdrawals will not exceed the company's net profit for the year. The results of the financial ratios analysis shows that the company's financial reports reflect above average to excellent performance except for the debt ration for 2021 which needs to be monitored and improved in the coming year. The following recommendations were determined: Review the Trade & Other Receivable and generate Aging Report to ensure that receivables are still eligible for collection. Review Accounts recording particularly the Prepayments & Deposits, Partner's withdrawal, Direct Cost and General & Administrative Expenses to ensure correct classification and recording has been conducted. Continuous improvement needed to reduce the Partner's withdrawals should be made in place. The management should be cautious and monitor it's debt management and ensure that debt ratio doesn't increase.

An Electronic Company Employees’ Multi-Purpose Cooperative: Analysis of Cooperative’s Financial Performance During the Pandemic for Fy 2019 – 2021

This study aims to evaluate the audited financial statements of the Electronic Company Employees' Multi-Purpose Cooperative.The findings and results serveas the basis for recommendations on how to raise the cooperative's financial performance.This study aims to provide potential courses of action and approaches that could help in improving cooperative financial operations for the years 2019 to 2021 using Financial Statement Performance Analysis as its main tool. In order to calculate the financial ratios and provide a comparative financial statement for the Electronic Company Employees' Multi-Purpose Cooperative, this study used documentary analysis as a technique. For the purpose of analyzing the Employees' Multi-Purpose Cooperative's business operations, the researcher gathered the documents from the data mined there. The results of the study are expected to aid Cooperative in improving.To ascertain such, the proponents established Employees’ Multi-Purpose Cooperative performance using the financial statement analysis; comparative statement of financial position, comparative statement of comprehensive income (Horizontal and Vertical Analysis), and statement of cash flow analysis. The ratios that evaluate profitability and performance that were utilized are as follows (1) Operating Profit Margin (2) Current Ratio (3) Debt Ratio and (4) Debt to Equity Ratio (5) Return On Assets and (6) Return On Equity.The following conclusions were reached after studying the financial statement in comparison analysis: The current assets are slightly up by 6%, especially the loans and accounts receivable from 2019 to 2020 and 0.88% for 2020 to 2021. Since the cooperative is a lending and savings business, member loans, capital accumulation, deposits, and other investments of the assets account for the majority of the cooperative's earnings. It was said that for the first two (2) months of coverage, the multinational Electronic Company, where the member-owners of the cooperative work, was in lockdown and pre-pandemic circumstances. Due to the Electronic Company's "No Work, No Pay" policy, there were no collections during that time period. As a result, throughout that time there are stagnant assets and fewer obligations. It is a result of decreasing member savings, rising non-performing loans, restricted debt recovery, and withdrawals from membership. This also has an impact on the restricted cash-in and cash-out, which raises the amount of cash and cash equivalent by roughly 50.95% for year 2020~2021, but results in low loan releases because the borrowers have already taken full advantage of all available loans, thus the situation becomes stationary. Total liabilities for the cooperative went up by 9% from 2019 to 2020 and went down by 2.44% from 2020 to 2021. As it is not earning at the time of the epidemic but will instead pay the necessary earned interest, this strengthens the cooperative's claim that it has duties, notably to the deposit liabilities. However, the cooperative has sufficient cash on hand to cover its short-term debts and obligations. The result of its profitability ratios such as Operating Profit Margin and Return on Assets was mostly considered as good, which means the cooperative can pay itsobligations to the members anytime. It is also determined that the cooperative services had a better debt ratio, which means that the liabilities are lower compared with the assets. Anytime the depositor withdraws their deposits it can immediately be released and pay offmembers’ obligations and it means that the cooperative is ata low-risk level, based on the comparative financial statements, the cooperative is able to generate profits from its operations. The following recommendations were offered as a result that the profitability ratios explaining that the business was less well utilizing its assets.Outside of its current operations, the cooperative is encouraged to make investments for the benefit of its members. Management of hotel operations, joint transportation ventures, gas station linking to vehicle loans as captured market by members who own vehicles or cars, medical care, health insurance, mortuary services, apartment and boarding houses where many of the workers in Lapu-Lapu come from outside Cebu are examples of joint ventures made with other existing cooperatives. In the Visayas region, specifically in the Philippines, Mactan, Lapu-Lapu City, and Cebu, it is also possible to have housing loan or real estate as a developer for the members and extend to the community level because the area needs a basic and affordable shelter and turns into their own assets for them to safely keep their individual living.

The implementation of ESEF requirements by companies of the sWIG80

Purpose: The article presents the results of research on the implementation of the Eu-ropean Single Electronic Format (ESEF) by companies listed on the Warsaw Stock Exchange's (WSE) sWIG80. Methodology/approach: The research was based on the analysis of financial state-ments of companies listed on the WSE in terms of:  changes in the presentation of items in the statement of financial position (balance sheet) and the statement of comprehensive income in order to adjust them to the model structure of the ESEF (core taxonomy),  the degree of use of extensions that allow tags to be adapted to the specifics of the company. The analysis concerned consolidated financial statements published between January 1, 2021 and April 30, 2022, in which the companies implemented the ESEF requirements for the first time. The basis for the formulation of the research hypothesis was the neo-institutional theory. Findings: The study verified the research hypothesis that listed companies included in the sWIG80 tried to adjust the presentation of data in financial statements to the core taxonomy more than they applied extensions and extension taxonomy. Research limitations/implications: The results concern only companies included in the sWIG80 as of December 31, 2021. Therefore, extending the findings to the entire population of companies listed on the WSE is unjustified. Originality/value: The research is the first empirical study of this type in Poland conducted in relation to smaller companies listed on the Warsaw Stock Exchange. There-fore, they illustrate the behavior of entities in the context of financial data reporting obligations under the ESEF format.