Statement Of Purpose Research Articles

Using Genre Analysis to Detect AI-Generated Academic Texts

This study investigates the distinguishing characteristics between human-written and AI-generated abstracts through genre analysis techniques. The research examined mini-memoir abstracts authored by MA2 students at Faculty of Arts and Humanities, University of Kairouan, Tunisia and compared them to AI-generated abstracts created specifically for this study using ChatGPT. The analysis focused on text function recurrence, specifically the frequency and quality of elements such as purpose statements, methodology, results, and contextualization. Findings revealed that human-written abstracts exhibit a more comprehensive and detailed presentation, emphasizing contextualization and thorough results, while AI-generated abstracts tend to prioritize clear and explicit purpose statements with less depth in results and contextual information. The study highlights the need for targeted teacher training and rigorous assessment criteria to uphold academic integrity and address the challenges posed by AI in scholarly writing.

Hydration Considerations to Improve the Physical Performance and Health of Firefighters.

Background/Objectives: Firefighters are exposed to a high level of stress as they often perform physically challenging work in hazardous environments while responsible for rescuing and keeping those around them safe. To add to this stress, they are also required to work in heavy, unbreathable personal protective equipment which promotes dehydration. These occupational demands paired with dehydration may lead to increased core temperatures, cardiac strain, and overall risk for sudden cardiac events. Thus, it is important to include hydration assessments and determine fluid needs when firefighters are on shift to ensure their personal safety as well as the safety of those around them by optimizing physical performance by maintaining adequate hydration. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to identify markers of hydration, classifications of hydration status, current hydration recommendations, and hydration interventions that may contribute to the overall clarity of hydration protocols that may optimize performance and health of firefighters. In addition, the impact of common medications, exercise training, and health conditions on hydration status related to firefighters will be discussed. Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted to discuss the purpose statements. Results: Hydration recommendations for firefighters include (1) assessing hydration status with multiple measurements including body mass, urine specific gravity and thirst sensation, and (2) following general hydration recommendations on rest days and exercise hydration protocols during firefighting activities which may be altered according to hydration status measurements. Conclusion: Randomized controlled trials in firefighters are needed to determine the impact of maintaining adequate hydration on health markers.

Corporate Purpose and Sustainable Decision Making: Examples from Dutch Corporate Practice

In this contribution we examine the state of the art of purpose statements in Dutch corporate practice. We discuss the general debate on corporate purpose, explore differences between purpose and related terms such as mission and vision, and outline the legal qualification and effects of purpose statements. We also review the Dutch legal background against which purpose statements are used, present empirical findings on the use of these statements over the past decade, and reflect on their value for the sustainable future of companies in a Dutch and European corporate law setting.Overall, we identify that discussions on corporate purpose have influenced Dutch corporate practice. We demonstrate a notable increase in such statements over the past decade and show that they have become increasingly oriented towards sustainability and extrinsic aims. We do not, however, infer from these developments that purpose statements have had a standalone, positive effect on the sustainability of companies since they are often vaguely formulated, seldom included in articles of association, and are typically formulated as a voluntary act by the board. Ultimately, we conclude that the effectiveness of corporate purposes depends on how companies implement them within the regulatory context that is provided by society.

Poslovno pravo i pravo održivog razvoja – između profitabilnosti i etičnosti

As for applying the knowledge from EU law, the author points out two tendencies affecting company law in the context of sustainability. The first one is the legal duty of the companies to incorporate the statement of purpose, which is no longer limited to profit. The second one is the corporate duty of care in line with ESG standards as well as the corporate purpose. It is an integral part of a company’s business and culture. Having in mind French, German or Dutch law, directors are expected to promote long-term business success, to take care of the open list of stakeholders’ interests and to apply corporate due diligence standards. Thought leaders, however, generally describe ESG as a business strategy that creates long-term stakeholder value by addressing social, economic, and environmental opportunities and risks that are material to a company. Preservation as well as environmental protection is one of the biggest challenges that modern generations will have to face. The term green transition has been coined as an expression of the efforts to ensure the transition to a sustainable business model in order to preserve the ecosystem and the planet as such. Non-financial reporting plays a very important role in the green transition process. Integral part of the EU agenda remains the discussion about corporate directors’ duties in the context of human rights as well as environmental risks. There is no doubt that the key word of the new corporate governance paradigm is risk.

Evaluating the Quality of Research on Problem-based Learning in Korean English Classrooms

Alongside the increasing concern of the Korean state in preparing for the 4th Industrial Revolution (4IR) era, Korean national (English language) curricula are being reconstructed to educate students about criticality, creativity, communication, and collaboration. Problem-based learning (PBL) is one of the effective pedagogical approaches to facilitate these competencies alongside different disciplines including English language competency. Thus, teachers and teacher educators in Korean English language teaching (ELT) need quality-assured research cases that address PBL-based ELT programmes in the Korean context for their references. In this study, the qualities of research on PBL-based ELT programmes in Korea are systematically reviewed, focusing on aspects of the statement of research purposes, conceptual frameworks of PBL, procedures of PBL application, evaluation of the PBL effects, and revealed limitations, and implications for improvement. Based on the findings, implications for improving research on PBL in Korean ELT are discussed.

Establishing an accountability benchmark for equity, diversity, and inclusion: A 10-year scoping review of Families, Systems, & Health.

In 2022, Families, Systems, & Health (FSH) issued a statement of purpose to equity, diversity, and inclusion (EDI) and developed a strategic plan for promoting EDI in scientific communication and publishing. The purpose of this review was to evaluate a decade of research published in FSH prior to the journal's initiatives to improve EDI. We utilized a scoping review to broadly review literature published in FSH that focused on topics of race, ethnicity, racism, and/or BIPOC (Black, Indigenous, and people of color) groups. All research studies published in FSH between 2012 and 2021 were independently assessed by two reviewers for inclusion. Charting of data from each study was based on a diversity accountability index. Of the 360 research studies identified, 41 were included in the review. Characteristics and frequencies of keywords, research designs, and samples among the included studies were examined, alongside the reporting of results that focused on the differences between racial/ethnic groups and within BIPOC groups. Research focused on race, ethnicity, racism, and diversity science is not well represented among published studies in FSH prior to the implementation of the above-described EDI efforts. Among articles that did focus on these topics, comparisons largely were of a racial/ethnic minority sample to a White sample. Action steps for FSH and other journals wishing to promote EDI include a thorough examination of current journal review procedures paired with the establishment of procedures for combatting bias and racism. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

BECOMING A SELF LESS LEADER: LESSONS FROM A LIFE OF SERVANT LEADERSHIP

AbstractThe author, who retired as president of Claremont Graduate University in June 2024, writes that he “developed a purpose statement: When I get to the end of my path, I want to be able to look back and know at that moment that I did everything possible to have as much positive impact on as many people as I possibly could have and that I never shied away from an opportunity to do so.” The concept of time is a major consideration: “We sit in these seats of leadership for a brief, fleeting moment, and it’s a privilege not to be taken lightly. So be grateful, make the most of it, leave it better than you found it, let others have the credit, and make sure they are having fun and doing things that are meaningful to them.” And things must be put into perspective: “Leadership is about the pursuit and not the destination. I don’t think of myself less as a leader per se. Rather, I think of myself as a student of leadership, always learning and growing, always trying to get better at the craft, and always trying to learn from others and to do good for others as a result.”

PATIENTS’ AND PHYSIOTHERAPISTS’ PERSPECTIVES OF TREATMENT OUTCOMES AND EXPERIENCES IN EPISODES OF LOW BACK PAIN

Statement of purpose of study and backgroundAs the treatment of low back pain (LBP) continues to evolve, there is greater recognition of the importance of optimising the therapeutic relationship to better deliver improved patient outcomes. Contextual effects, such as communication, have been shown to influence the therapeutic relationship, but it is not known how these factors evolve over time. This study analysed interviews from two studies (one cross-sectional and one longitudinal) to explore patients’ and physiotherapists’ perspectives of treatment outcomes and experiences in episodes of LBP in the same dialogic space. The objective was to explore the alignment between these perceptions to identify factors that influence the therapeutic relationship over time.Summary of methods used and resultsTwo secondary thematic analyses were undertaken, one analysing cross-sectional data and the other analysing longitudinal data, from an existing data set from the programme: “Exploring the relationship between communication and clinical decision-making in physiotherapy consultations for back pain”. All data were thematically analysed and organised using a framework approach.Six themes emerged from the cross-sectional data reporting consistency of opinion in the initial consultation stages, but highlighting inadequate patient involvement in shared decision making. Four main themes emerged from the longitudinal data, all of which reported interactional fears and anxieties identified on both the parts of the patient and the physiotherapist.ConclusionThese findings suggest that failing to involve the patient in adequately personalised treatment from the initial consultation may lead to diagnosis hunting and stereotyping behaviours within the therapeutic relationship, in turn leading to increased health resource usage.Conflicts of interestNoneSources of FundingThe primary data set was collected in a research programme funded by Arthritis Research UK (now Versus Arthritis).

The Impact of ESG Factors on the Firm Performance

This paper examines the impact of environmental, social, and governance (ESG) factors on corporate behavior and performance. Amid increasing concerns from stakeholders, companies are pressured to prioritize ESG aspects. This study leverages stakeholder theory, which emphasizes balancing all stakeholder interests over solely maximizing shareholder wealth. A significant shift was noted in 2019 when U.S. business leaders endorsed a "Statement of Purpose" emphasizing societal benefits over shareholder interests, reflecting a broader move towards corporate social responsibility. The paper analyzes ESG's influence on three key areas: investor expectations, risk management, and long-term strategy. It highlights the mixed research findings on the correlation between ESG ratings and stock prices, noting emerging studies that explore behavioral biases in investor decisions. In terms of risk management, ESG practices are increasingly integral, with research showing that higher ESG ratings can reduce default risks. Regulatory risks are also discussed, particularly concerning climate change policies. Furthermore, the paper explores how sustainability, driven by investor and consumer activism, is becoming central to corporate long-term strategies. Models like the ISM and concepts like double materiality are used to demonstrate how ESG factors can optimize corporate performance. Ultimately, the study concludes that ESG elements significantly impact corporate behavior, suggesting a positive correlation with firm performance.

Statement of Purpose

LEARNing Landscapes Journal is an open access, peer-reviewed, online education journal supported by LEARN (Leading English Education and Resource Network).

Hospitalized Adolescents' Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health Discussions.

Experts recommend that providers discuss adolescent patients' sexual and reproductive health (SRH) at any health care encounter, including hospitalizations. The purpose of this qualitative study was to gain insight into hospitalized adolescents' experiences and perspectives on SRH discussions (SHDs) to better inform patient-centered care. Private semistructured interviews were conducted with hospitalized adolescents aged 13 to 17 years. Interviews were coded and analyzed using thematic analysis. Themes were developed through an iterative process with focus on the primary research aim. Twenty participants were interviewed with a median age of 15.4 years. Adolescents expressed a range of preferences related to SHDs with providers. Themes included (1) experiences discussing SRH with providers, (2) SHDs during hospitalization, (3) communication preferences, and (4) perceptions of why providers initiate SHDs. Viewpoints about SHDs during hospitalizations varied, including that they addressed unmet needs, as well as that they seemed irrelevant to some participants. Aspects that facilitate SHDs include brevity with relevant depth, nonjudgmental provider demeanor, and reassurance of privacy. Some participants believed providers could judge the depth of discussion needed on the basis of the adolescent's age or personality. This study highlights variation in adolescents' preferences around SHDs with health care providers. Providers should initiate SHDs with statements of purpose and confidentiality. Given the variation in adolescents' perspectives, tools to privately collect self-reported behaviors before an SHD may help providers frame the conversation to the adolescent's specific SRH needs and communication style preferences.

Analysis of the image and corporate identity of the Colegio Mexicano de Reumatologia: Is it time to redefine it?

Introduction and objectivesThe Colegio Mexicano de Reumatología (CMR) is a corporation whose brand has two elements—image and identity—that differentiate it from other corporations. We evaluated aspects of CMR's corporate image and identity. Subjects and methodsTo assess corporate image, we designed a survey using proof-of-concept and discrete-choice-experiments approaches. It assessed which definition (orthopedist, rheumatologist, or rehabilitator) was most meaningful in four pain scenarios in healthy adults from the country's Western region.We used discourse analysis and five readability indices of the CMR website to assess corporate identity. ResultsIn total, 700 respondents were included. For every rheumatologist chosen in the hand scenario, respondents chose 1.13 orthopedists and 0.70 rehabilitators. For every rheumatologist chosen in the knee scenario, respondents chose 2.36 orthopedists and 0.64 rehabilitators, whereas 0.85 orthopedists and 0.58 rehabilitators were chosen in the arthritis scenario. Only 38% of the respondents preferred the CMR's definition of a rheumatologist to describe a rheumatologist.The younger age group preferred orthopedists to rheumatologists (50% vs. 31%, p<0.001). In the arthritis scenario, the choice of rheumatologist increased from 27% in the elementary school group to 49% in the university group (p<0.001). Mother was the most influential in healthcare seeking.The discursive analysis revealed that the CMR is positioned as a “we” restricted to “colleagues;” the patient did not have agentive representation. The semiotic structure of the CMR's mission/vision was deemed imprecise and lacking in statements of value and purpose; the readability scores indicated that the text was challenging and dry. ConclusionsThe CMR's corporate image does not differentiate it from other health providers. CMR's identity seems ambiguous with restricted directionality. It seems pertinent to redefine the CMR.

Content comparison of campus medical amnesty policies

Objective: To describe common components of medical amnesty (MA) policies and examine how MA policies differ across institutions. Participants: 50 U.S. colleges and universities with current MA policies. Methods: A checklist was developed to compare and assess the campus MA policies of 50 institutions. Descriptive statistics, chi-square, and regression analyses were used to examine common policy components and differences across types of institutions. Results: 40% of policies did not include a purpose statement. 42% of policies had no mention about how to use the policy. 48% did not mention restrictions on amnesty. 32% did not mention follow-up actions. 24% of policies mentioned extending amnesty for additional person(s) present. There were no significant differences in policy components across school characteristics. Conclusions: Many policies lacked detail, highlighting the need for guidelines and best practices to develop MA policies. Future research could examine the effects of these policy components on help seeking intentions.

Addressing inconsistencies in grading practices

School leaders struggle in their efforts to implement standards-based grading reforms in large part because they fail to address the inconsistency in grading practices among individual teachers. This article describes three crucial steps necessary to gain greater consistency in teachers’ grading practices: (1) Reaching consensus on a purpose statement for grading; (2) using grading scales with four to seven categories of student performance; and (3) reporting multiple grades to describe academic achievement and non-academic aspects of students’ performance separately. These steps provide the necessary foundation for successful implementation of standards-based and competency-based grading reforms.

A Study of Financial Planning and Forecasting With Reference to Indian Oil Corporation Limited

Financial planning is a ceaseless procedure of guiding and designating financial assets to meet strategic goals and targets. The yield from financial planning appears as budgets. The most generally utilized type of budgets is Pro Forma or Budgeted Financial Statements. The establishment for Budgeted Financial Statements is Detail Budgets. Detail Budgets incorporate sales conjectures, production figures, and different gauges in help of the Financial Plan. On the whole, these budgets are alluded to as the Master Budget. We can likewise separate financial planning into planning for tasks and planning for financing. Working individuals centre around sales and production while financial planners are keen on the best way to back the tasks. In this manner, we can have an Operating Plan and a Financial Plan. Be that as it may, to keep things basic and to ensure we incorporate the procedure completely, we will consider financial planning as one single procedure that includes the two tasks and financing. Financial Planning begins at the highest point of the organization with strategic planning. Since strategic choices have financial ramifications, you should begin your planning procedure inside the strategic planning process. Inability to interface and associate planning with strategic planning can result in budgets that are "dead on landing." Strategic planning is a formal procedure for setting up goals and targets as time goes on. Strategic planning includes building up a statement of purpose that catches why the organization exists and plans for how the organization will flourish later on. Strategic targets and relating goals are created dependent on an exhaustive evaluation of the organization and the outer condition. At last, strategic plans are executed by building up an Operating or Action Plan. Inside this Operating Plan, we will incorporate a total arrangement of financial plans or budgets. Indian Oil Corporation Limited (IOCL), also known as Indian Oil, is an Indian government-owned oil and gas explorer and producer, a significant player in the country's energy sector. Headquartered in New Delhi, it is the largest commercial oil company in the country, with a significant presence across the value chain of the petroleum industry, including refining, pipeline transportation, and marketing of petroleum products. IOCL's Chennai operations are a vital part of its extensive network, contributing significantly to its overall performance. IOCL's operations in Chennai also include a sprawling network of pipelines. These pipelines are crucial for the efficient transportation of crude oil to the refinery and the distribution of refined petroleum products to different parts of the region. This network ensures a consistent and reliable supply of fuel, which is vital for the economic development of the area. The retail network of IOCL in Chennai and the surrounding region is extensive, with numerous petrol and diesel stations. These retail outlets not only provide fuel but also offer a range of services and products to consumers. IOCL's focus on customer satisfaction and service quality has made it a preferred brand among consumers. Moreover, IOCL has been at the forefront of adopting innovative technologies and sustainable practices in its operations. The company has undertaken several initiatives in the areas of energy conservation, emission reduction, and waste management to minimize its environmental footprint. These efforts underscore IOCL's commitment to environmental sustainability and its role in promoting green energy alternatives. Indian Oil Corporation Limited's Chennai operations are integral to its strategic objectives and overall success. Through its refinery, pipeline network, and retail outlets, IOCL not only contributes significantly to India's energy security but also plays a pivotal role in the economic development of the region. With a focus on innovation, sustainability, and customer satisfaction, IOCL is poised to continue its leadership role in the Indian petroleum industry. I have chosen Indian Oil Corporation Limited (IOCL) for a project offers a unique opportunity to engage with one of India's leading public sector enterprises, playing a pivotal role in the country's energy sector. IOCL's diverse operations, spanning across refining, pipeline transportation, and marketing of petroleum products, provide a rich learning ground for interns. The exposure to a vast spectrum of operations allows for an in-depth understanding of the energy industry's complexities, offering invaluable insights into both the technical and business aspects of the field. The mentorship and training provided by industry veterans at IOCL are unparalleled, equipping interns with the skills and knowledge necessary to thrive in their future careers. Additionally, the organization's emphasis on corporate social responsibility and community engagement initiatives offers a broader perspective on the impact of business operations on society and the environment. In IOCL is not just a step in one's career journey but a leap into a world of opportunities for growth, learning, and making a meaningful contribution.

How AI challenges the medical device regulation: patient safety, benefits, and intended uses

Abstract This article examines whether the EU Medical Device Regulation (MDR) adequately addresses the novel risks of AI-based medical devices (AIaMDs), focusing on AI medical imaging tools. It examines two questions: first, does the MDR effectively deal with issues of adaptability, autonomy, bias, opacity, and the need of trustworthiness of AIaMD? Second, does the manufacturer’s translation of the MDR’s requirements close a discrepancy between an AIaMDs’ expected benefit and the actual clinical utility of assessing device safety and effectiveness beyond the narrow performance of algorithms? While the first question has previously received attention in scholarly literature on regulatory and policy tensions on AIaMD generally, and work on future technical standard setting, the second has been comparatively overlooked. We argue that effective regulation of AIaMD requires framing notions of patient safety and benefit within the manufacturer’s articulation of the device’s intended use, as well as reconciling tensions. These tensions are on (i) patient safety and knowledge gaps surrounding fairness, (ii) trustworthiness and device effectiveness, (iii) the assessment of clinical performance, and (iv) performance updates. Future guidance needs to focus on the importance of translated benefits, including nuanced risk framing and looking at how the limitations of AIaMD inform the intended purpose statement in the MDR.

133 Research in Action: Engaging Clinicians to Advance the Academic Learning Health System

OBJECTIVES/GOALS: Research in Action is an on-demand, interactive curriculum designed to increase the ability of clinicians to advance the Academic Learning Health System (aLHS). The 7-module course provides clinicians with the knowledge and skills to lead rigorous quality improvement (QI) projects, translating research evidence into practice. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: We engaged nurses, physicians, and advanced practice providers (APPs) working in the health system to participate in focus group and advise us in the creation of the curriculum. We conducted focus groups with these stakeholders on the proposed learning objectives, course content, and mode of delivery (in person, virtual, hybrid). Informed by the focus groups, the course was designed for hybrid format so participants could either (1) access the modules on-demand, or (2) learners could participate in a facilitator moderated course where the modules served as the curriculum to guide development of a QI project. The Iowa Model of Evidence-Based Practice was the framework for curriculum development. Upon completion of the modules, stakeholders reviewed each module and provided feedback for improvement. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Research in Action is a 7-module course, with modules addressing the following topics: (1) Introduction to Quality Improvement, (2) Identify the Problem and Write a Purpose Statement, (3) Form a Team, (4) Appraise and Synthesize the Literature, (5) Design and Pilot the Project, (6) Integrate and Sustain Practice Change, (7) Disseminate the Results. The curriculum is being piloted with multiple clinician groups in the health system. In the next phase of development, a facilitator guide will be created to guide a cohort of clinicians to apply knowledge through discussion sessions and completion of a QI project in the healthcare setting. We anticipate scaling the program for spread to diverse clinician groups in the health system. Pre- and post-implementation data are being collected from current pilot sites. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE: The aLHS is an essential means for improving healthcare delivery. Research in Action, a hybrid training curriculum, engages frontline clinicians in creating and leading QI projects that implement research evidence into practice to solve problems commonly encountered in the healthcare setting; thus, supporting the advancement of the aLHS.

Treatment and outcome analysis of patients with ruptured distal anterior cerebral artery aneurysms: a multicenter real-world study.

To reveal the safety and efficacy of clipping and coiling in patients with ruptured distal anterior cerebral artery aneurysms (DACAA) and to calculate the risk factors affecting the two-year survival rate in follow-up patients. A retrospective study was conducted on the data of 140 patients (21 were lost to follow-up) with DACAA rupture who were treated by neurosurgery at 12 medical centers over a 2-year period, from January 2017 to December 2020. Univariate analysis was used to examine factors contributing to poor patient prognosis and to compare the prognosis of coiling and clipping treatments. Survival analysis was employed to compare survival rates between coiling and clipping, and risk factors affecting patient survival were analyzed using multivariate Cox regression analysis. Out of 140 patients with ruptured DACAA, 80 (57.1%) were male, and 60 (42.9%) were female. A total of 111 (79.3%) patients were classified under Hunt-Hess scale grades I-III, while 95 (67.9%) were graded I-III according to the WFNs classification. Among them, 63 (45%) were treated with clipping, and 77 (55%) underwent coiling. Within 2 years of discharge from the hospital, 31 (59.6%) patients who underwent clipping and 54 (80.6%) who underwent coiling had a good prognosis. Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that only WFNs classification (I-III) was a protective factor influencing the 2-year survival of patients with ruptured DACAA. In the reality of medical practice, neurosurgeons are more likely to choose clipping as the treatment for cases with WFNs classification than or equal to III. There was no difference between clipping and coiling in the two-year prognosis at discharge. High priority should be given to DACAA cases with WFNs grading (I-III), as better outcomes can be achieved. The sample size will continue to be enlarged in the future to obtain more accurate findings. Abstracts for reviews, technical notes, and historical vignettes do not need to be separated into sections. They should begin with a clear statement of the paper's purpose followed by appropriate details that support the authors' conclusion(s).

Involving patients and clinicians in the development of a randomised clinical trial protocol to assess spinal manual therapy versus nerve root injection for patients with lumbar radiculopathy: a patient and public involvement project to inform the SALuBRITY trial design.

Spinal manual therapy and corticosteroid nerve root injection are commonly used to treat patients with lumbar radiculopathy. The SALuBRITY trial-a two parallel group, double sham controlled, randomised clinical trial-is being developed to compare their effectiveness. By gathering patients' and clinicians' perspectives and involving them in discussions related to the trial research question and objectives, proposed trial recruitment processes, methods, and outcome measures, we aimed to improve the relevance and quality of the SALuBRITY trial. We involved patients with lived experience of lumbar radiculopathy (n = 5) and primary care clinicians (n = 4) with experience in the treatment of these patients. Involvement activities included an initial kick-off event to introduce the project, establishing a shared purpose statement, and empowering patient and clinician advisors for their involvement, followed by semi-structured group and individual interviews, and questionnaires to evaluate the experience throughout the project. Both patient and clinician advisors endorsed the significance and relevance of the trial's objectives. Patients assessed the proposed trial methods as acceptable within the context of a trusting patient-clinician relationship. A trial recruitment and enrolment target time of up to five days was regarded as acceptable, although patients with chronic radiculopathy may need more time to consider their trial participation decision. All advisors reached consensus on the acceptability of a medication washout phase of 12- to 24-h before pain outcome measurement, with the inclusion of a rescue medication protocol. Both advisory groups preferred leg pain over back pain as the primary clinical outcome, with patient advisors advocating for personalized primary pain localization. Furthermore, patients requested expanding the pain, enjoyment, and general activity scale with peak pain intensity, rather than average pain alone. Patient and clinician advisors evaluated their engagement in clinical research as meaningful and impactful. Patient and public involvement resulted in important and relevant considerations for the SALuBRITY trial, spanning all research phases. These findings hold promise for enhancing the trial's quality and relevance and improving its translation into clinical practice.

СТАН ВИКОРИСТАННЯ ІНСТРУМЕНТІВ ЕКОНОМІЧНОГО ЗАХИСТУ ПІДПРИЄМСТВ В УМОВАХ МІЖНАРОДНОЇ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ

In order to study the position of use of tools of economic protection of enterprises in the conditions of international activity, the article forms a sequence that provides for the appropriate order of analysis, starting from the study of world trends (studying the tools of economic protection of enterprises; identifying trends in their use in the context of international activity), supplementing them with statistical analysis at the level of state and interstate processes (analysis of statistical data characterizing the use of economic protection tools by domestic enterprises) and, concluding with the study of the practice of economic protection of enterprises (identification of the sphere of economic protection of the enterprise, advantages and disadvantages of the application of economic protection tools on the example of «Ukrtelecom» PJSC, etc.). The results indicate a change in priorities in the use of global tools for economic protection of the enterprise from tools that provide protection of strategy and corporate finance (strategic planning; statements of purpose, mission and vision; balanced scorecard, etc.) to tools of digital and information protection (customer experience management, digital transformation). Statistical studies of the consequences of economic crimes at enterprises in 2020-2022 proved the reduction of the work of the Economic Security Bureau during the period of martial law and the actualization of social, financial, macroeconomic threats and threats to food security. In the process of microeconomic analysis, the tools of economic protection of «Ukrtelecom» PJSC were investigated, which were grouped according to the priority directions of the enterprise's operation, and their advantages and disadvantages were indicated. Among the main advantages of tools of economic protection, we can mention the presence of fast feedback in the process of client interaction. As for the shortcomings, most of the information protection tools of «Ukrtelecom» PJSC increase the expenditure part of the company's budget, because they require monitoring and updating.