State University Agricultural Experiment Station Research Articles

Registration of WGC002 spring wheat containing wild grass‐derived Fusarium head blight resistance gene Fhb7The2

AbstractThe USDA‐ARS and North Dakota State University Agricultural Experiment Station jointly released the Fusarium head blight (FHB)‐resistant spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) germplasm WGC002 (Reg. no. GP‐1089, PI 702949) in May 2023. WGC002 is a wheat‐Thinopyrum elongatum 7B‐7E translocation line, designated 7BS·7BL‐7EL, with the wheat chromosome 7BL terminal region replaced by the homoeologous counterpart of the Th. elongatum chromosome 7EL that contains the novel FHB resistance gene Fhb7The2. WGC002 was developed from the Chinese Spring (CS) wheat‐Th. elongatum disomic substitution line DS 7E(7B) using our genomics‐enabled chromosome engineering pipeline. The pedigree of WGC002 is DS 7E(7B)/2*CS ph1b mutant//DS 7E(7B). WGC002 has consistently exhibited resistance to FHB in inoculations of greenhouse grown plants. WGC002 does not contain the yellow flour pigment gene in the Fhb7The2 haplotype present on the terminal 7EL segment of the 7BS·7BL‐7EL translocation and has not exhibited any obvious linkage drag on the 7EL segment. Therefore, WGC002 is ready for immediate use in wheat breeding. One sequence‐tagged site (STS) and two polymerase chain reaction allelic competitive extension markers were developed specifically for Fhb7The2 and validated in different wheat genotypes. They are highly diagnostic for Fhb7The2 and extremely useful in marker‐assisted introgression of Fhb7The2 in wheat breeding. In summary, WGC002 is a new wild grass‐derived FHB‐resistant spring wheat germplasm with diagnostic DNA markers available to conduct marker‐assisted selection of Fhb7The2, that will enhance and diversify FHB resistance of wheat.

Kansas Field Research 2022

A summary of research conducted in 2020-2022 on field production and management practices for crops in Kansas. Published in 2022 from the Kansas State University Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service.https://www.ag.k-state.edu/

2022 Kansas Fertilizer Research Report

A summary of research conducted in 2018-2021 on fertilizer use and management practices for crops in Kansas. Published in 2022 from the Kansas State University Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Servicehttps://www.ag.k-state.edu/.

‘NuMex Odyssey’, a New Mexico–type Green Chile Pepper for Mechanical Harvest

The New Mexico State University (NMSU) Agricultural Experiment Station announces the release of ‘NuMex Odyssey’, a New Mexican–type chile pepper (Capsicum annuum) cultivar that is efficient for mechanical harvest of green fruit. This cultivar is an open-pollinated New Mexican fruit type for green chile pepper processing. ‘NuMex Odyssey’ was developed with an emphasis on traits critical for efficient mechanical harvest with an inclined double-helix–type picking mechanism. Such traits include a high percentage of plants with single stems and increased height to fruit set (main bifurcation). ‘NuMex Odyssey’ possesses traditional New Mexican green chile pepper flavor, low heat, and

Kansas Fertilizer Research 2021

A summary of research conducted in 2018-2020 on fertilizer use and management practices for crops in Kansas. Published in 2021 from the Kansas State University Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service https://www.ag.k-state.edu/

Registration of hard white winter wheat germplasms KS14U6380R5, KS16U6380R10, and KS16U6380R11 with adult plant resistance to stem rust

AbstractResistance to the Ug99 group of races of the stem rust fungus Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici is limited in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) germplasm adapted to the Great Plains of the United States. Our objective was to generate regionally adapted hard winter wheat germplasm with combinations of adult plant resistance genes that are expected to provide durable resistance. KS14U6380R5 (Reg. no. GP‐1043, PI 689115), KS16U6380R10 (Reg. no. GP‐1044, PI 689116), and KS16U6380R11 (Reg. no. GP‐1045, PI 689117) were derived from backcrosses of the hard white winter wheat germplasm KS05HW14 to the stem rust‐resistant Kenyan spring wheat cultivar ‘Kingbird’. KS14U6380R5, KS16U6380R11, and KS16U6380R10 were developed by pedigree selection and were initially evaluated as U6380‐11‐2R‐0A, U6380‐210‐2R‐0A, and U6380‐148‐4R‐2T, respectively. The germplasms were developed by the USDA‐ARS and jointly released with the Kansas State University Agricultural Experiment Station. These germplasms provide parents for development of hard winter wheat cultivars with durable resistance to stem rust.

Effects of Replacing Supplemental Sucrose with Beef During Mid to Late Gestation on Maternal Health and Fetal Development using a Sow Biomedical Model

North Dakota Beef Commission; Topigs Norsvin; and North Dakota State University Agricultural Experiment Station

Registration of ‘Langin’ Hard Red Winter Wheat

‘Langin’ (Reg. No. CV‐1141, PI 678945) hard red winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was developed by the Colorado Agricultural Experiment Station and released in August 2016 through a marketing agreement with the Colorado Wheat Research Foundation. In addition to researchers at Colorado State University, USDA–ARS researchers at Manhattan, KS, St. Paul, MN, and Pullman, WA, contributed to its development. Langin was developed with the objective of making available a hard red winter wheat cultivar with improved grain yield, end‐use quality, and stripe rust resistance compared with ‘Byrd’ hard red winter wheat. Langin is a doubled haploid cultivar developed using the wheat × maize (Zea mays L.) wide hybridization method from the cross CO050270/Byrd made in 2009 at Fort Collins, CO. Following doubled haploid generation in 2010, Langin was selected at Fort Collins in July 2011, assigned experimental line number CO11D446, and evaluated in yield trials in Colorado and other states in the US hard winter wheat region from 2012 to 2016. The name Langin was chosen in honor of former Colorado State University Extension and Agricultural Experiment Station agronomist Edward J. Langin (1924–2006).

Toward closing the dietary fiber gap: candidate genes associated with dietary fiber content in common bean

Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) is known as an important source of protein, mineral nutrients and dietary fiber in the human diet. These compounds have dietary health implications, including lowering blood pressure, reducing the risk of advanced colorectal cancer, obesity, diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Common bean also contain oligosaccharides such as raffinose, stachyose, and verbascose that have been reported to enhance human health. This research was conducted to better understand the genetic control of components of dietary fiber including oligosaccharides in common bean. Genome wide association studies (GWAS) were conducted on 280 lines from Middle American common bean germplasm to map the genomic regions responsible for soluble and insoluble dietary fiber, and oligosaccharides. GWAS coupled with common bean whole genome sequence data could lead to higher resolution mapping and facilitate candidate gene discovery. We used 15,127 SNPs with minor allele frequency of 5% and greater in a population of 263 genotypes from the BeanCAP project to map fiber and oligosaccharide traits. We identified strong candidate genes for soluble and insoluble dietary fiber content, and oligosaccharides.Support or Funding InformationSupported by the USDA/NIFA Common Bean Coordinated Agricultural Project (BeanCAP), the Colorado State University Agricultural Experiment Station, and PHS grant R01‐CA172375 from the National Cancer Institute.

Acknowledgments and LMIC

We appreciate the help of the individuals, organizations, and firms that have contributed to the beef research program through financial support, product donations, or services. The Livestock and Meat Industry Council also helps support animal agriculture research, teaching, and education. Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports: http://newprairiepress.org/kaesrr/vol1/iss1/18 Cattlemen's Day 2015 KA NSA S STATE UNRSITY CTTLEMEN’S DAY 2 015 Kansas State University Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service 1 Acknowledgements We appreciate the help of the individuals, organizations, and firms that have contributed to the beef research program through financial support, product donations, or services. Alltech, Nicholasville, Kentucky American Angus Association, St. Joseph, Missouri American Hereford Association, Kansas City, Missouri Archer Daniels Midland, Decatur, Illinois Bayer Animal Health, Shawnee Mission, Kansas Lee Borck, Larned, Kansas Cargill Corn Milling (Sweet Bran), Blair, Nebraska Cattlemen’s Beef Board, Centennial, Colorado Elanco Animal Health, Indianapolis, Indiana Electrostatic Spraying Systems, Inc., Watkinsville, Georgia Gardiner Angus Ranch, Ashland, Kansas Innovative Livestock Services, LLC, Great Bend, Kansas Iowa Limestone Company, Des Moines, Iowa Kansas Artificial Breeding Service Unit, Manhattan, Kansas Kansas Beef Council, Topeka, Kansas Kansas Livestock Association, Topeka, Kansas Kenny Knight, Lyons, Kansas Kent Nutrition Group, Muscatine, Iowa Lhoist North America, Fort Worth, Texas Livestock and Meat Industry Council (LMIC), Manhattan, Kansas Merck Animal Health, Summit, New Jersey Merial, Duluth, Georgia MS-Biotec, Wamego, Kansas National Cattlemen’s Beef Association, Centennial, Colorado NBO3 Technologies, Manhattan, Kansas New Generation Feeds, Belle Fourche, South Dakota Porter Farms, Reading, Kansas Pratt Feeders, Pratt, Kansas R&R Machine Works, Inc., Dalhart, Texas R.W. Leighton, Quinter, Kansas Roto-Mix, Scott City, Kansas Select Sires, Inc., Plain City, Ohio Top Dollar Angus, Brighton, Colorado U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, Nebraska USDA, Cooperative State Research Education and Extension Service, Washington, DC USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture, Washington, DC Zoetis Animal Health, Whitehouse Station, New Jersey

First Report of Dollar Spot Caused by Sclerotinia homoeocarpa on Agrostis stolonifera in North Dakota.

Dollar spot disease is a major concern for golf courses nationwide, resulting in poor turf quality and significant damage to playing surfaces. To manage this disease effectively, fungicides need to be applied regularly. This management strategy represents a significant cost to turfgrass managers and may impact the economics of the industry in North Dakota. In the summer of 2011, small, circular, sunken brown patches of dead turf approximately 5 cm in diameter and resembling dollar spot disease were observed on a creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera L.) variety trial at the North Dakota State University Agricultural Experiment Station in Fargo, ND. Fresh individual leaf specimens with distinct lesions having straw colored centers and reddish brown margins were collected. Leaves were surface disinfected in a 0.05% sodium chloride solution for 60 s, rinsed three times in sterile distilled water, then placed onto potato dextrose agar (PDA). Three isolates were obtained from the disease infested leaves with similar morphology to that described for Sclerotinia homoeocarpa F.T. Bennett (1). Fungal colonies were initially colorless followed by the development of sparse white columnar aerial mycelia with cinnamon colored bases. Hyphae were 5 to 8 μm wide and thin walled with dense granular contents and septations at irregular intervals. Fourteen days after culturing, dark brown to black mycelial stroma developed. A single representative isolate was selected to conduct inoculations. Inoculum was produced by placing six 5-mm-diameter plugs of PDA with actively growing mycelium into an Erlenmeyer flask with 40 g of sterile millet seed. The inoculum was incubated for 14 days at ambient temperature (20 to 25°C). Three creeping bentgrass cultivars, Crenshaw, Declaration, and L-93, were inoculated (two pots per cultivar). Following inoculation, the pots were misted with water, sealed in separate plastic bags, and placed in the dark for 48 h. For the next 5 days, plants were placed for 8 h outside of bags on a bench with full spectrum fluorescent bulbs, followed by 16 h in plastic bags in the dark. Finally, pots were placed on a bench for 48 h. Signs and symptoms of S. homoeocarpa developed on all pots, whereas the controls remained asymptomatic. The same fungus was reisolated from grass leaves, satisfying Koch's postulates. To confirm the identity of the fungus, the internal transcribed spacer was amplified using the ITS4 and ITS5 primers (2). The amplicon was sequenced, generating a 549-bp sequence (Accession No. JQ735942) with 100% similarity to sequences of S. homoeocarpa in GenBank (Accession Nos. GQ924924.1, GQ924923.1, and EU123801.1). To our knowledge, this is the first confirmed report of dollar spot in North Dakota.

Registration of K1639‐2 Soybean Germplasm Resistant to Soybean Cyst Nematode and Soybean Aphid

Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] germplasm line K1639‐2 (Reg. No. GP‐365, PI 658491) was developed and released by the Kansas State University Agricultural Experiment Station, Manhattan, KS, as resistance to both soybean aphid (SBA) (Aphis glycines Matsumura), and soybean cyst nematode (SCN) (Heterodera glycines Ichinohe). K1639‐2 was developed by crossing R93‐174 × ‘Northrup King S59‐60’. The line was a reselection in the F8 generation from a heterogeneous F4–derived line. K1639‐2 has a relative maturity of 5.2, purple flowers, gray pubescence, yellow seed coats, dark buff hila, tan pod walls, and determinate growth habit. K1639‐2 is resistant to SCN HG Type 7 (race 3) and moderately resistant to HG Type 1.2.3.5.6.7 (race 4), and resistant to soybean aphid (Illinois biotype). K1639‐2 may be useful for breeders and researchers interested in developing new germplasm with resistance to SBA and SCN.

‘NuMex Radiance’ Onion

The New Mexico State University (NMSU) Agricultural Experiment Station announces the release of ‘NuMex Radiance’ onion (Allium cepa L.). ‘NuMex Radiance’ is an open-pollinated, bolting-resistant, pink root-resistant [causal agent, Phoma terrestris (Hansen)], short-day, white skin onion cultivar for fall seeding in southern New Mexico and similar environments. ‘NuMex Radiance’ matures in early June when fall seeded in Las Cruces, NM.

Registration of Four Pima Cotton Germplasm Lines Having Good Levels of Fusarium Wilt Race 4 Resistance with Moderate Yields and Good Fibers

Four Pima cotton (Gossypium barbadense L.) germplasm lines, SJ‐07P‐FR01 (Reg. No. GP‐910, PI 654065), SJ‐07P‐FR02 (Reg. No. GP‐911, PI 654066), SJ‐07P‐FR03 (Reg. No. GP‐912, PI 654067), and SJ‐07P‐FR04 (Reg. No. GP‐913, PI 654068), were developed by the USDA–ARS and New Mexico State University Agricultural Experiment Station and jointly released with the University of California in 2008. The primary purpose for these releases is to provide germplasm with good levels of resistance to Fusarium wilt [Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum Atk. Sny & Hans] (FOV) race 4 to cotton breeders in California. Lines SJ‐07P‐FR01 to ‐FR03 originated from a cross made at New Mexico State University in 1997 of germplasm lines 8810 and NMSI 1601. The germplasm line SJ‐07P‐FR04 originated from reselection within the publicly released USDA–ARS germplasm line P 73. The lines were evaluated for resistance to race 4 in two field and three greenhouse trials conducted in 2003 and 2005. Five replicated field evaluations for yield potential, fiber characteristics, and other agronomic traits were conducted at Five Points, CA, Shafter, CA, and Maricopa, AZ, in 2005 and 2006. The SJ‐07P‐FR series possesses good resistance, moderate lint yield potential, and good to superior fiber length and strength. Caution should be applied when using these lines, and it should not be assumed that the lines provide complete resistance against FOV race 4.

Registration of ‘Riveland’ Lentil

‘Riveland’ (Reg. No. CV‐32, PI 649919) lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) was released by the USDA‐ARS (Pullman, WA) in cooperation with Washington State University Agricultural Research Center, University of Idaho Agricultural Experiment Station, and North Dakota State University Agricultural Experiment Station in June 2007. Riveland was released on the basis of exceptionally large seed size, broad adaptation to U.S. production zones, excellent seed quality, and high yield potential. Riveland was named after Neil Riveland, agronomist, North Dakota State University, Williston Research Extension Center, Williston, ND. Riveland was selected as an F5 plant row in 1998. It originated from the cross ‘Laird’/VW000412 (cross number X95L073) made by F.J. Muehlbauer in 1995. Laird is a large‐seeded yellow‐cotyledon cultivar developed in Canada by A.E. Slinkard, and VW000412 is a large‐seeded breeding line developed by V.E. Wilson, a USDA‐ARS agronomist at Pullman (retired).

Effects of topsoil depth and soil amendments on corn yield and properties of two Alfisols in central Ohio

Continued loss of topsoil due to erosion is a threat to sustaining row-crop production in soils of the US Cornbelt. The on-site impacts of soil erosion under natural field conditions, despite the confounding effects of many interacting factors, can be simulated by creating a range of topsoil depths (TSD) through soil removal from or addition to the existing soil surface. Thus, this study was conducted on two Alfisols in central Ohio, located at Waterman Farm of the Ohio State University, Columbus (site 1) and Western Agricultural Experiment Station of the Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center at South Charleston (site 2) with the objectives to assess (1) impacts of differences in TSD after 10 years of creating simulated erosion on crop yields and soil properties and (2) effectiveness of using organic manure and synthetic fertilizer in restoring the quality of eroded soil. The treatments included (1) three levels of TSD including removal of 20 cm (8 in) of topsoil, undisturbed soil, and addition of 20 cm (8 in) of topsoil; and (2) two amendment types including organic manure and synthetic fertilizer. The results indicated that at site 1, the grain yield response followed the order: topsoil removal (3.1 Mg ha-1 [1.38 tn ac-1])

Registration of ‘Darrell’ Wheat

‘Darrell’ (Reg. No. CV‐1024, PI 644224) hard red winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was developed by the South Dakota State University–Agricultural Experiment Station and released in 2006 to seed producers by the South Dakota State University–Agricultural Experiment Station and the University of Nebraska Agricultural Experiment Station. Darrell was selected from the cross 2076‐W12‐11/‘Karl 92’ (PI 564245)//NE89526. NE89526 is an experimental line from the University of Nebraska with the pedigree ‘Lancota’ (CI 17389) selection/‘Siouxland’ (PI 483469)//TX792729. 2076‐W12‐11 is an unreleased experimental line that originated from a population with an unidentified pedigree. Darrell was selected as an F3:4 line in 1998 and was assigned experimental line number SD98102. Darrell was released on the basis of its good disease resistance and excellent yield potential in the northern Great Plains.

Performance of Muscadine Grape Cultivars in Southern Mississippi

A study was conducted at the Mississippi State University Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station (MAFES) McNeil Unit in southern Mississippi to identify promising muscadine grape (Vitis rotundifolia) germplasm for use as parents in the breeding and genetics research program and to develop information on performance for use by growers in the region for cultivar selection decisions. The vineyard was first established in 1992 and was expanded in 1994. Cultivars were evaluated in 2001, 2002, and 2006 for their performance and were found to differ in vigor, resistance to diseases, yield, and fruit quality. Cultivars suitable for winemaking that performed well included Carlos, Doreen, Magnolia, Noble, Regale, Sterling, and Welder. Cultivars intended for the fresh market that produced high yields and high-quality fruit included Alachua, Black Beauty, Darlene, Fry, Ison, Janebell, Nesbit, Polyanna, Sweet Jenny, Summit, and Tara. ‘Dixie’, a multipurpose cultivar, ‘Eudora’, a newly released fresh-market cultivar, and ‘Southern Home’, a multipurpose cultivar with enhanced ornamental value, also performed well at this location.

Is Print Dead? Characterizing the Influence of Print and Online Audiences From a Readership Survey

Oregon's Agricultural Progress magazine, published by the Oregon State University Agricultural Experiment Station, has been distributed to Oregonians as a print publication for over 50 years. Recently, a Web version of the magazine, Oregon's Agricultural Progress Online, was introduced. The publication's editors conducted a readership survey intended to profile both print and online readers, learn more about their opinions of the two media, and characterize their involvement in communities across the state. While response to the online survey was negligible, the print survey received a 76% response rate from general subscribers. It characterized an engaged, responsive readership who share the print magazine with others and who function as self-identified stakeholders for the College of Agricultural Sciences and Oregon's Agricultural Experiment Station. Institutions with print periodicals may want to use a similar survey approach to explore the influence of their readers and how print-based communications may be shared through communities where loyal readers live and work.

Preparedness and Capacity of Agencies to Manage Chronic Wasting Disease

Abstract Acknowledgments The authors appreciate the time and effort expended by all respondents to questionnaires, and all the people who helped to locate the appropriate respondents within 24 state agencies. The authors also thank the reviewers and associate editor for their time and thoughtful critiques. This article was written with support from the Michigan State University Agricultural Experiment Station through state project MICL02031.