State Southwest Nigeria Research Articles

Climate change vulnerability and adaptive capacity of smallholder farmers: A financing gap perspective

With climate change continuously threatening global food production, smallholder farmers are increasingly struggling to adapt to changing climatic conditions, decreasing productivity, and limited access to finance. To examine these challenges, this study used cross-sectional data collected through a multi-stage approach across three plantain-producing states in southwest Nigeria, with 100 farmers randomly selected in 5 local government areas per state to give a total of 300 farmers. A two-step Stochastic Frontier model is used to examine the relationship between climate adaptation strategies and plantain productivity while the Harold-Dorma growth equation and Multivariate Probit regression are used to assess the financing gap and its effect on adaptive capacity. Finally, the Foster Geer-Thorbecke (FGT) equation is used to measure the vulnerability of farmers to climate change. Findings show that as the financing gap of the farmers decreases, their ability to adopt climate adaptation strategies to enhance their productivity increases. However, 80% of the farmers are financially vulnerable to climate change, with 37% facing severe financial constraints. The vulnerability depth for the farmers is 56%, indicating that with $106.55 (56% of the vulnerability line of $190.26), many farmers' adaptive capacity could be enhanced to reduce their vulnerability below the vulnerability line. This study's approach provides a comprehensive approach for assessing smallholder farmers' ability to adopt adaptation strategies that increase productivity and enhance resilience. While other policy measures to enhance smallholder farmers' ability to address the challenges of climate change are important, it is crucial to prioritise actions that improve the financial status of smallholders.

Teachers’ Remuneration and Students’ Involvement in Public Secondary Schools in Southwest, Nigeria

Student involvement is a central aspect of effective teaching. This is because students are central to the main reason why teachers are employed and, more so, the reason for school establishment. As a result, this study investigated regular teachers’ remuneration, the level of students’ involvement, and the influence of teachers’ remuneration on student involvement in public secondary schools in southwest states of Nigeria. The study population comprised all teachers in the public secondary schools in southwest states of Nigeria. A sample size of 1,080 was calculated and derived using Research Advisor’s Table at 95% degree of confidence with a 5% error margin. The questionnaire was used to elicit information from respondents. The study found that teachers’ remuneration is not promptly and regularly paid. In addition, the level of student involvement is low and teachers’ remuneration significantly influences student involvement in public secondary schools in southwest states in Nigeria. It was recommended that teachers’ remuneration be paid promptly and regularly and that the government improve teachers’ service conditions by increasing their remuneration to reflect the economic reality in Nigeria.

Socio-Economic Determinants of Survival and Transition Rate of Micro, Small and Medium Scale Enterprises in South West Nigeria

The paper investigates the socio-economic factors that influence the rate of transition among Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in Nigeria. Data used for the analysis was obtained from a sample of 1100 micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) located in two states of southwest Nigeria. This was achieved by employing mobile phone-enabled data collection ODK (open data kit) software to administer structured questionnaires. The transition rate was simulated utilising the analytical model of Kaplan survival. Over 90% of the surveyed MSMEs were micro-businesses, with only eight per cent and two per cent initially classified as small and medium-sized enterprises, respectively. However, after five years, 41% of small to medium-sized businesses and 30% of microenterprises have expanded to small scale. While the gender disparity continues to be a significant issue in Osun, its impact is comparatively lesser in Oyo state. Conversely, it is more probable that Osun SMEs will generate employment, expand, and develop more rapidly than Oyo's enterprise. Commerce, technical service provision, support services, and manufacturing predominate over MSMEs, which contribute little to the economy and primarily facilitate product distribution. Additionally, the study revealed that enterprises led or owned by women have a 1.2-fold greater likelihood of expanding and hiring more personnel at a quicker rate than those led by men. Employee recruitment and career advancement within MSMEs are both influenced by the prevailing business climate. In contrast to the notion that higher education plays a substantial role in determining corporate survivability, it is technical and management education that exclusively impacts business performance. The findings indicate that government intervention efforts should prioritise small businesses over micro or medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs) due to their greater capacity to generate income and employment.

Relationship Marketing and Customers’ Satisfaction of Selected Deposit Money Banks in Nigeria

This study examined the influence of relationship marketing on customer satisfaction among selected deposit money banks in Nigeria. The research design used was a survey. The population of the study consisted of all customers of the top five performing deposit money banks from six states in southwest Nigeria. A stratified random sampling technique was employed to determine the sample size. Cochran's formula was utilized to determine the overall sample size, resulting in a total of three hundred and eighty-four (384) participants. Data were obtained through self-administered questionnaire of three hundred and eighty-four (384), while three hundred and twenty-one (321) copies of questionnaire were adequately filled, returned and used for the research. Inferential statistics used was linear regression and Statistic Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 23 was used for data analysis. The result revealed that commitment is 0.732 with t = 6.948 and (p = 0.000 < 0.05); empathy is 0.696 with t = 15.901 and (p = 0.000 < 0.05. The study concluded that relationship marketing variables have a positive and significant influence on customer satisfaction. The study recommended that bank employees should improve the level of commitment among their customers and treat them with outstanding service in order to boost customer’s satisfaction. Also, bank staff members should improve the working atmosphere for the customers’ conveniences; attend quickly to customers whenever issues arise with their account, and show empathetic ability in order to satisfy the customers.

The generic structure potential (GSP) of STI doctor-patient interactions in southwest Nigeria

This study describes the generic structure potential (GSP) of sexually transmitted infection (STI) consultations in Nigeria. It is a further effort from previous studies not only in its consideration of the phase structure of consultations in a specific medical context, but also in its exploration of both the broad and narrow generic structure potential of the consultations. Fifty audio recordings of mixed-visit doctor-patient interactions in hospitals in three states in southwest Nigeria constitute the data. The data were analysed using Halliday and Hasan’s (1985) Generic Structure Potential theory (GSP). The analysis revealed four broad stages in the structural organisation of STI medical interactions, namely Opening (O), Diagnostic Interactions (DI), Treatment Recommendations (TR), and Closing (C). The obligatory elements in the broad catalogue are the diagnostic interactions and treatment recommendations, while the narrow GSP of the phases revealed the doctor’s problem elicitation as the obligatory element in the opening phase, the patient’s problem presentation activity was solely obligatory in DI, and the doctor’s treatment procedure, the only mandatory activity of the TP phase. The study concludes that the diagnostic interaction and treatment recommendation phases define medical consultations in STI (and HIV) encounters in Nigeria.

Comparative Analysis of Consumer Preferences for African Prints in Southwest Nigerian States

This research investigates the diverse perceptions and preferences of consumers towards African prints in Southwest Nigeria across various age groups. The study examined the interplay of cultural, social, and economic factors shaping consumer choices in of African print fabric usage. Survey research design was adopted for the study using questionnaire as the data gathering tool. Samples were selected across the six states in Southwest Nigeria. A total of three hundred and eighty-four (384) African print consumers were sampled using random sampling technique. The data was subjected descriptive analysis, using frequency distribution, percentage, and mean score. The study revealed that users of African print fabrics across age groups have their unique perceptions and preferences in African print fabrics. It was therefore recommended that African print designers should adopt user-centred design process and focus on consumer preferences during the design process of African print fabrics. Keywords: African prints, Preference, Southwest, Nigeria.

Mapping of Aquifer Characteristics and Reservoir Protective Capacity Variation in Obafemi-Owode Local Government Area, Ogun State South-West Nigeria

Variation of Aquifer potential characteristics and its impacts on the groundwater subsurface protection of the aquiferous zone using electrical resistivity method was carried out at Obafemi-Owode Local Government Area, Ogun State South-West Nigeria with the principal purpose of assessing and rating aquifer protective capacity of the overburden units in the area. Twenty seven (27) vertical electrical sounding (VES) were conducted using Schlumberger configuration with the maximum electrode spacing of 100m at each point using Allied OMHEGA Resistivity meter. The data were interpreted using partial curve matching techniques and computer iteration program using WINRESIST. Parameters such as aquifer resistivity, aquifer thickness, overburden thickness, bedrock resistivity, reflection coefficient and longitudinal unit conductance were calculated and used for evaluating the groundwater yields and vulnerability of the aquiferous zone to contaminant seepages. The range of reflection coefficient is found to be between 0.02 and 0.98 while that of the protective capacity is between 0.00135 and 0.510. Groundwater potentials of the area were categorized as being high (overburden thickness 13m and reflection coefficient less than 0.8); medium (overburden thickness 13m and with reflection coefficient 0.8) and low (overburden thickness < 13m and reflection coefficient. Also, the study area shows a very poor, poor, and moderate protective capacity rating. Seven (7) VES stations have very poor protective capacity, eighteen (18) VES stations shows poor protective capacity and only two (2) VES stations shows a moderate protective capacity rating. Since the illustration the longitudinal conductance revealed the impermeability of the confining layers which is generally ˂ 1.0 Siemens; values ˃1.0 Siemens which indicates zones in which the confined aquifer is subject to protection by the overlying formation materials; these revelations in the study area were possible indications that the groundwater quality status may have been impaired which necessitated the urgent need for the groundwater to be randomly...

Beneficiaries of Frugal Practices and Public Building Projects Delivery in Southwest, Nigeria

Persistent challenges such as building failures, project delays, cost overruns, and abandoned projects in public university building projects have underscored the need for research into the factors that can mitigate these issues. This study primarily aims to evaluate the effect of beneficiaries of frugal practices (clients, consultants, contractors, suppliers, and end-users) on the delivery of these projects in Lagos, Ogun, and Osun States. Adopting a cross-sectional survey research design, primary data were collected using structured questionnaires from construction professionals in public universities across Lagos, Ondo, and Osun States in Southwest Nigeria. A multi-stage sampling technique was employed, beginning with the purposive selection of states and universities, followed by stratified random sampling of 251 respondents from a population of 708 professionals. Data analysis was conducted using Partial Least Square-Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) to explore the relationships between variables. The findings reveal that stakeholders benefit in varying degrees from frugal practices. Especially, clients and contractors benefit positively from frugal practices while significantly suppliers and end users are not negatively imparted by the practice. End users and suppliers notably impact project delivery outcomes, particularly in cost performance, satisfaction levels, and adherence to timelines. Frugal practice exhibited the most substantial negative impact on end users, emphasizing the necessity of their involvement and satisfaction in project planning and execution. The study recommends that project managers and policymakers prioritize the active involvement of end users and maintain robust supplier relationships to enhance project performance.

ARIGIDI AS A YORÙBÁ DIALECT: AN ETHNOLINGUISTIC ANALYSIS

Arigidi, a speech form spoken in the North-western part of Àkókó region in Ondo state south west Nigeria has remained controversial in terms of its true linguistic status. Various scholars have attempted to classify Arigidi and nine other related speech forms into language family using linguistic features. However, these classifications have failed to resolve the issue as the speech forms have been classified under various language family names. Since language and culture are co-territorial and coterminous, the cultural practices of the inhabitants of a town may provide a good evidence that will help in classifying their language. In line with this belief, this study identifies and compares four notable cultural practices of Arigidi: marriage, naming, burial, and chieftaincy issues and compare them with those of Yorùbá with the aim of identifying their similarities and differences. Findings revealed that Arigidi and Yorùbá share the same cultural practices that are expressed with language with no significant difference. This study concludes that based on the cultural perspective which encompasses language, the Arigidi speech form should be tagged a Yorùbá dialect.

Strategies for Enhancing Gender Equity among Railway Workers in Lagos State, Southwest Nigeria

The study determined the strategies needed for enhancing gender equity among Railway workers in Lagos State South West Nigeria. The design of the study was descriptive survey design. The population of the study was 482 and the sample size was 217 consisting of 112 senior and 105 junior staff of Nigerian Railway Corporation Ebute-Metta Lagos. Questionnaire was the instrument used for data collection. Data collected were analyzed using mean. Findings revealed that the strategies for promoting gender equity are creating an inclusive gender diverse working environment, identifying and preventing gender biases, treating all staff equally, putting equality policies in place, among others. Findings also indicated that the challenges to enhancing gender equity included gender biases, not giving proper value to women’s work among others. Findings also showed that some of the ways of reducing challenges to enhancing gender equity included treating all workers with respect and considering, offering mentorship program, organizing focus group discussions, encouraging diversity program, and supporting women in more senior roles. It was concluded that Interventions such as gender analysis, functional and adult literacy and kicking against office female harassment are needed for enhancing gender equity. It was recommended that awareness should be created by government at all level on the need for equal right for men and women in workplaces, more emphasis should be placed on the need to inculcate gender equity education into the curriculum for secondary and tertiary institutions.

Characterization of Isolates of Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin Collected from Three States of Southwest Nigeria

Beauveria bassiaana is a soil borne fungus with variations in molecular composition across varying locations. Ten isolates of B. bassiaana isolated from soil samples collected from forest sites in three States of Southwest Nigeria were characterized using morphological and molecular tools. The morphological characteristics considered were radial growth, colour of colonies, texture, shape of the spores and filaments and the relationship of the spores to the filaments.Means were separated using Duncan’s Multiple Range Test at 0.05% level of significance. DNA was extracted from the isolates and results from the OTU clustering were sequenced using ITS1 and IT4 primers. Results showed slight variation in colour of the colonies, varying from whitish cream to white, having smooth, powdery textures with colonies becoming more identical as plates extended with no significant differences in texture and elevation of the colonies. The radial growth of the isolates was fast, with complete plate cover of the 9 cm Petri dish plates within 7 days for all the isolates. Images of the conidia as viewed under the microscope at x10 and x100 magnifications were observed to possess conidiophores that have whorl and dense clusters of symphodial, short and globose conidiogenous cells with apical zigzag appearance and one celled spherical conidia that prevents any variation in colonies. Isolate sequences showed a 100% homology to B. bassiana having molecular character variations with isolates 6, 4, 9, 3, 2 having percentage similarity of 99.86 with B. bassiana with accession no BbN06B02, isolate 5 had a percentage similarity of 90.62 with B. bassianawith accession number MW633220.198-48 and isolates 7 and 8 had a percentage similarity of 99.18 with B. bassiana with accession number AY805547.1:180-346 as represented in the dendrogramic tree. These observed variations could be utilized in biological insect pest management.

Assessment of Nigerian journalists’ preparedness for reporting election results and disputes

Electoral process in Africa especially in Nigeria is a long route which often times leads to results being disputed in the courts and sometimes end in crisis. The media play a significant role in this process given their enormous influence on the public. This study examined Nigerian journalists’ preparedness for covering election results and disputes with a focus on the 2023 general elections. Anchored on symbolic interactionism theory, the study adopted survey to gauge the opinions of journalists from the six states of southwest Nigeria which form study population. A structured questionnaire was administered on 300 respondents of 50 per state selected through non-proportional quota sampling. Findings revealed that majority of the journalists are well conscious of their role in reporting election results and disputes and that their respective media organisations prepare them for such duties through training and supply of tools with less provision of funds to facilitate their task on the field. Most of the respondents also agreed that other bodies like the Nigerian Press Council, Nigeria Union of Journalists, Civil societies and international organisations, prepare them better for election coverage than their media organisations through training, funding, and tools. The study concludes that Nigerian journalists, being aware of their role in reporting elections, are more prepared for the task by external bodies other than employers and recommends that media organisations should deploy more resources to preparing their reporters for the job.
 
 Keywords: Agenda-setting, Election Results, Election Disputes, Nigerian Journalists, Symbolic interactionism

Impact of ethnobiology-based instruction and peer tutoring on the achievement of senior secondary school biology students in Ogun state southwest Nigeria

This study investigated the impact of Ethnobiology-Based instruction Peer Tutoring on Achievement of Senior Secondary School Biology Students in Ogun State. The study employed Explanatory sequential mixed-methods approach. The quantitative approach was quasi experimental pretest-posttest non-equivalent group design. Three research questions and one hypothesis was formulated to guide the study. The population of the study comprised of all Biology students in public Senior Secondary Schools in Abeokuta zone. Purposive sampling technique was used to select six Public Schools from two zones (Abeokuta South and Abeokuta North). Biology students in six intact classes of SSS III took part in the study. The sample size of 313 biology students with 101 students in the experimental group 1 (48 male and 53 female), 117 students in the experimental group 2 (57 male and 60 female) and 95 students in control group (38 male and 57 female) which were taught the same biology content for a period of four weeks. The experimental groups received instructions through the use of Ethnobiology-Based Instruction and Peer Tutoring while the control group was taught using lecture method. The data gathering instruments were Biology Achievement Test (BAT) and Students Semi-structured Interview Guide (SSIG). The reliability coefficient of the BAT was established using test- retest and yielded 0.87. Descriptive statistics in form of mean, standard deviation and histogram plot were used to answer the research question while the hypothesis was tested using ANCOVA at 0.05 level of significance. The inferential analysis of hypothesis one has a significant difference on Students’ academic achievement in Biology (F (2,309) = 386.85; p < 0.05), this indicated that the hypothesis is hereby rejected since a significant difference is obtained. The results from the study revealed that the treatments positively improved the academic achievements of students and the students taught using ethnobiology-based instruction had higher test result and outperformed those in Peer Tutoring and lecture method group, but the students in Peer tutoring group also performed better than those in lecture method group. This implies that Ethnobiology-Based instruction is more effective in enhancing Students’ performance in biology and it helps to break barriers to meaningful learning of biology. Based on the findings of this study, it was recommended that Biology teachers should relate learning to students’ cultural views and encourage peer tutoring.

Apparent Control Measures of Tourism and Hospitality Practitioners to Curb Insecurity in Ogun State Southwest Nigeria

This study examined and described the socio-economic characteristics of respondents in the study area, identified the various damages that insecurity has caused hospitality and tourism industry and proffered some control measures to curb insecurity in Ogun State using standard methods through the administration of 152 questionnaires. Data collected were subjected to statistical analyses. Findings obtained revealed that: 65 (43.2%) strongly agreed, 73 (47.9%) agreed, 1 (0.7%) undecided, 11 (7.1%) disagreed, 2 (1.1%) strongly disagreed with the mapping out comprehensive security checks by hotels and tourism destinations by the practitioners will reduce security and safety challenge in the industry. This result showed that huge number of respondents agreed to the preparation and presentation of security documentation and reports on periodic basis and working with video surveillance such as close circuit camera (CCTV). In conclusion the study recommended that the hospitality and tourism practitioners in Ogun State should constantly and consistently maintain secured environment at hotels and tourism destinations in order to encourage sustainable influx of patrons.

Preparedness of primary health care facilities on implementation of essential non-communicable disease interventions in Osun State South-West Nigeria: a rural–urban comparative study

BackgroundGlobal response to the growing burden of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in developing countries includes the development of WHO Package of Essential Non-communicable Disease Interventions (WHO PEN) for Primary Health Care (PHC). The study assessed the level of preparedness of PHC facilities on implementation of essential NCD interventions in rural and urban Local Government Areas (LGAs) of Osun State, Nigeria.MethodsThe study was a comparative cross-sectional survey. Information was collected from heads of 33 rural and 33 urban PHC facilities and through direct observation on the domains of staff training, basic equipment, diagnostics and essential medicines for cardiovascular diseases, diabetes and chronic respiratory diseases (CRDs) using a semi-structured interviewer administered questionnaire.ResultsManual sphygmomanometer was found in similar proportions (84.8%) of PHC facilities in rural and urban LGAs. Glucometer was available in 45.5% of the PHC facilities in urban and 33.3% of the PHC facilities in the rural LGAs, the difference was not statistically significant (χ2 = 1.015; p = 0.314). Basic equipment for CRDs were not available in majority of PHC facilities in both locations. Moduretic tablets were the most reported essential NCD medicines, available in 15% of PHC facilities in rural LGAs and none in urban LGAs. The anti-diabetic medicines were not available in any of the PHC facilities in both locations. More than 90% (≥ 30) of the PHC facilities in both locations were not prepared to implement essential interventions for each NCD across domains of staff training and essential medicines. Overall, 97.0% of the PHC facilities in the rural LGAs and all the PHC facilities in urban LGAs were not prepared on implementation of essential interventions for the three NCDs.ConclusionThe level of preparedness of the PHC facilities on implementation of essential NCD interventions in the rural and urban LGAs of Osun State is very low. Government needs to strengthen the PHC system by providing needed essential medicines, basic diagnostics, equipment, and training of clinical health care workers for implementation of essential NCD interventions in the state.

Evaluation of Teachers Pedagogical Method of Teaching Physics and Its Effects on Academic Performance of Physics Students in Senior Secondary School in South West Nigeria

The study examines Teachers teaching method and its Effect on Academic performance of physics students in Senior Secondary Schools in South West Nigeria, with a view of improving effective teaching and learning of physics .This study is based on survey research design. The population comprised of all physics teachers in public secondary schools in Ekiti and Ondo States in South West Nigeria. The instrument used was Physics Programme Evaluation Questionnaire for Teachers (PAT) with a reliability coefficient r = (0.73) was obtained using Crumbach Alpha. One research hypothesis and one research question were posed to guide the study. Findings from this study revealed that majority of physics teachers in South West Nigeria often using recommended teaching method, and a significant relationship between teachers teaching method and academic performance of physics students. It is recommended that government should be given teachers symposium and regular work shop on the recommended teaching methods and provide teaching aids to facilitate effective teaching and learning of physics.

Staff Training and Agro-processing Industry in Nigeria. A study of some selected Agro-industries in Nigeria

Training and development is a continuous exercise which aim at developing competences and enhance the individual’s capacity to contribute optimally to the development of the organisation. The aim of this study is to examine training and development as a means of driving agro-industry capacity in Nigeria. A survey research design was adopted for the study. The study was carried out in three states in southwest Nigeria. Multi stage sampling techniques was adopted to select 150 respondents in five Agro-Based industries (i.e. salt processing industry, production of flour, Maida and semolina, fruits processing industries, milk processing industries and seed processing and preservation industries). The necessary data were gathered with the aid of questionnaire distributed to 150 respondents in selected industries. The psychometric property (reliability and validity) of the instrument of data collection (questionnaire) were tested using Cronbach alpha and component factor analysis respectively. The data were analysed by means of simple linear regression with the aid of SPSS. It was revealed from the result of the analysis that there exist a positive significant relationship between Agro-processing industry and Training and Development in Nigeria. Hence, the study recommends that massive awareness should be made by Agricultural and Rural Management Training Institute in order to enhance agro industry capacity in Nigeria and the Training institute should run efficient and effective mandatory training programmes bi-annually.

SOCIO-ECONOMIC IMPACT OF THE DEMAND FOR HERBAL MEDICINES IN SOUTH-WESTERN REGION OF NIGERIA

This study examined the socio economic impact of the demand for herbal medicines in SouthWestern region of Nigeria. Three states were randomly selected out of the six states in the SouthWest, Nigeria. These are Ekiti, Ondo, and Osun states. Two local governments were randomly selected from each state and three communities selected from each of the local governments. Convenience sampling method was used to arrive at our sample size of 1,224 with 204 respondents randomly selected from each local government area (LGA). Data gathered were analyzed using descriptive statistics while bivariate and multivariate logistic regressions were carried out to establish the relationship between the semi-structured questionnaires with E-views 12 package. Key findings revealed that 815 respondents representing 74% agreed that doctors’ industrial action was one of the reasons for the demand for herbal medicine. The adjusted odd ratio (AOR) of 1.51* (8.25-11.43) at 95% confidence intervals from the logit regression revealed that doctors’ strike has a significant effect on demand for herbal medicine. The impact of cost on demand for herbal medicine was affirmed by 693 respondents and was statistically significant with AOR 2.38* (1.02- 5.59). Effectiveness/potency of herbal medicines was alluded to by 71% of the respondents having AOR 2.22*(6.07-9.72). It was also evidenced in the study that poverty is a determinant of demand for herbal medicine as only 28% of respondents whose income are above N50,000 demands herbal medicines and 63% of respondents affirmed that they could not afford the cost of orthodox healthcare with AOR 2.38* (1.02-5.59). Availability of herbal medicine has effect on increasing demand for it as 64% of the respondents confirmed availability and accessibility of it having AOR 1.00* (2.22-2.91). The study concluded that Socio-economic factors such as doctors’ strike actions, low education, low income, distance to health facilities and the attitude of health workers contribute to high demand for Herbal Medicine in the South-West States of Nigeria.

Socijalna prilagođenost adolescenata sa oštećenjem sluha u Nigeriji - da li će posredovati agresivni sadržaji na televiziji i zavisnost od pornografije?

Introduction. Living adaptively in any environment depends on several factors ranging from personal to environmental. In the event of development, there is the complexity that globalisation through digitalisation has added to adaptive living among youngsters, especially those living with hearing impairment. Objectives. This study investigated the effects of televised aggression and pornographic addiction on social adjustment of adolescents with hearing impairment in two states in South-west Nigeria. Methods. The study employed a descriptive survey study of expo facto type. Samples of 118 adolescent students with hearing impairment participated in the study through simple random and purposive sampling techniques. A Social Adaptation Inventory with a reliability of .79 was used to collect data from the respondents. Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient and Multiple Regressions were used to test the hypotheses at .05 level of significance. Results. A significant relationship was found between televised aggression and social adjustment problems of adolescents with hearing impairment. Pornographic addiction has a significant relationship with social adjustment of adolescents with hearing impairment. Also, there were joint contributions of televised aggression and pornographic addiction to social adjustment of adolescents with hearing impairment in South-west Nigeria. Conclusion. Parents are admonished to monitor their adolescents with hearing impairment in a bid to censor the kinds of television programmes and print media materials they engage in because they also undergo the same developmental process as adolescents without hearing impairment.

An Estimation of Haemoglobin Variants Among Patients Attending A Tertiary Hospital In South West Nigeria

Background: Globally, hemoglobinopathies, which are genetic diseases of hemoglobin production, are a major cause of morbidity and mortality. African communities make up a sizable portion of the population that is susceptible to a variety of erythrocyte genetic and homological illnesses. Aim: The aim of this study is to investigate the prevalence and spectrum of hemoglobin variants among patients attending a tertiary hospital in South West Nigeria. Materials and Methods: The study research was conducted at the University of Medical Sciences Teaching Hospital, Ondo State Southwest Nigeria. Respondents were recruited from the hospital department clinics and tested at Department of Haematology, Faculty of basic medical science. Blood will be drawn via venipuncture into tubes that had been treated with the anticoagulant ethylene diamine tetracetic acid (EDTA) Results: The study show the frequency and gender distribution of different forms of haemoglobin (Hb) among the subjects; Hb AA 264; HbAS 60; HbAC 6; HbSC 8 and HbSS 12. Of the 350 subjects studied, 106 were males, while 244 were females. Among the male subjects, 85 were HbAA, 12 were HbAS; 2 were HbAC; 3 were HbSC and 4 were HbSS. Among the female subjects, 179 were HbAA, 48 were HbAS; 4 were HbAC; 5 were HbSC and 8 were HbSS. The study shows the frequency of the fetal hemoglobin among the Hb SS patients in the study based on age range. 50% of the participants with fetal hemoglobin were between 10-15 years, 25% were between 16-20 years, 8.3% were between 21-25 years, 8.4% were between 31-35 years and 8.3 % were between 36-40 years Conclusion: The study showed increased prevalence of various hemoglobin variants. Awareness should be created at religious centers, schools on the importance of genotype testing. As a preventative precaution. We advise the implementation of mutation identification and carrier screening.