Development Of State Policy Research Articles

MAIN DIRECTIONS OF STATE POLICY OF UKRAINE CONCERNING THE SOLUTION OF PROBLEMS IN THE FIELD OF MEDICAL, PHYSICAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL REHABILITATION OF PARTICIPANTS IN COMBAT ACTIONS

he article summarizes information on the main directions of the state policy of Ukraine in solving problems in the field of medical, physical and psychological rehabilitation of combatants. The study of the main directions of the state policy of Ukraine in solving problems in the field of medical, physical and psychological rehabilitation of combatants has a systemic nature. Therefore, research methods are also multidisciplinary, because the research concerns administrative law, public administration, and the field of health care. The functional-competence approach was specially applied, according to which the competence of the central bodies of the executive power of Ukraine was analyzed in terms of the development and implementation of state policy. The effectiveness of state policy in the field of state financial guarantees of medical care for the population under the medical guarantee program has been analyzed. Provision of sanatorium-resort treatment and medical benefits are considered. Problems have been identified when the transition of military personnel to civilian life will become a serious challenge for the country. The problem will arise in the context of ensuring a unified approach to the provision of benefits. The issue of rehabilitation financing was considered, in particular, it was noted that all the listed services are provided either exclusively at the expense of local budgets, or under a mixed system, when local authorities receive a partial subvention from the state budget. The problem of transfer of benefits administration functions to local self-government bodies and the introduction of an automated system for servicing the needs of veterans was declared.

“Crisis situations of the recovery period” represent a feature of the legal regulation of the transition from the wartime period to the provision of military security during the wartime period

One of the postulates of systems theory is the tendency of any system to seek a stable state and avoid chaos. Stability is associated with overcoming crises, which are considered obstacles to development. Crises can serve various functions: destructive, threatening the viability of the system; destructive, leading to further development; and crises that are merely disruptions of equilibrium. In the context of transitioning from repelling armed aggression to ensuring military security in the post-war period, it is appropriate to describe the crisis phenomena and situations of the recovery period, which encompass the real crises of the recovery period. Special attention should be paid to the classification of crises, modeling their development, establishing crisis communications and decision- making in crisis conditions, developing state policy and crisis response strategies, as well as devising methods for crisis prevention. Situation centers play a key role in forecasting the security situation, preparing stabilization operations, and coordinating the actions of various security and defense structures. Their tasks include conveying decisions to personnel and the local population, organizing management and interaction, informing about the development of events, and controlling the execution of decisions. The centers also collect and analyze operational information for timely response to crisis situations. In legal science, the concept of a “crisis of the recovery period” is not widespread, but it may be useful for describing emergencies in the post-war period. The definition of such crises should consider the specific impacts of hazardous factors on national interests. The modern concept of national security of Ukraine envisages the integration of various security sectors, including economic, political, social, and legal aspects. According to legislation, the national security system in the recovery period should be an organized set of entities united by common goals and tasks regarding the protection of national interests. These entities participate in military-civil relations, coordinate their actions, and develop crisis response strategies.

Characteristics and social significance of the civil service

The article is devoted to the problems of the categorical apparatus of the civil service in Ukraine. The civil service in our country is recognized as one of the most important institutions in the formation and development of Ukrainian statehood. It is from this institute that the quality of functioning of the social and political system as a whole and the solution of multifaceted tasks and functions of the modern state depend. Civil service has the greatest influence on the development of constitutional and legal formations and is the basis of state construction. It is argued that the civil service is a complex and multifunctional, legal and political institution, the essence of which is the performance by officials who are endowed with high professionalism, act in a complex relationship and in close interaction both among themselves and with other systemic entities, political forces, by public organizations and citizens, tasks and functions of the state within the legal field and in accordance with the authority granted to them to create social benefits, further development of social well-being and stability in the state. The most important features of the civil service are highlighted: the content of the civil service is an activity aimed at the practical implementation of tasks and functions of the state (analysis, development and implementation of state policy, ensuring the provision of affordable and high-quality administrative services, etc.); the public nature of this activity; professionalism; politically impartial character. It has been established that the priority of human rights and interests over the interests of the state should be the main feature of modern civil service. The goal of the civil service is disclosed, which consists in streamlining and increasing the efficiency of the processes of formation and implementation of state power and state administration, provided that responsibility for the performance of the powers of the position and social and economic guarantees of the civil service are combined. The main goals and tasks of the civil service have been defined in terms of ensuring the fair, effective and stable activity of state authorities in accordance with their powers and competence, aimed at protecting the rights and freedoms of people and citizens, as well as creating conditions for the development of civil society.

International and National Mechanisms Combating Ecosystems’ Damage and Environmental Crimes to Foster Sustainable Development

This article examines international and national mechanisms for combating crime against the environment. Arguments are presented to add the crime of ecocide into the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court, as well as to create a special international human rights tribunal that can potentially hear cases related to ecocide. A number of bodies, programs, international networks, and transnational non-governmental non-profit organizations should be promoted to directly or indirectly aim at combating crime against the environment. At the same time, the necessity of adopting a comprehensive approach to the international cooperation among these institutions and law enforcement agencies is warranted, given contemporary challenges and threats, in particular with Interpol, a robust institutional framework to combating environmental crime. The importance of establishing universal national and interstate mechanisms for the restoring and preserving ecosystems to combat environmental crimes effectively is underscored. These international regulations should be recognized through relevant resolutions of the UN General Assembly and other international documents. A conceptual inference drawn is the imperative for comprehensive national measures to combat ecocide, including the development of cohesive state policies, the establishment of an effective environmental monitoring system, and the documentation of incurred damages.

CONSIDERATIONS ABOUT VOLUNTEERING AND ITS IMPORTANCE

Volunteering, as defined, is an activity carried out voluntarily by anindividual, without expecting directly or implicitly a financial reward or goods. It plays animportant role in democratic societies, often being a form of social inclusion and integration,contributing to the development and implementation of state policies, and being an instrumentfor promoting social cohesion. “Volunteering is the best example of democracy. We vote inelections, but when you volunteer, you vote every day for the community in which you want tolive.” Marjorie Moore

Правові механізми забезпечення інформаційної безпеки в Україні

The article considers the legal mechanisms for ensuring information security. It has been proven that today, more than ever, when there is a war in Ukraine, the issue of ensuring information security becomes especially relevant and significant, as the information space becomes a “battlefield” on a par with the war front. Enemy forces actively use informational and psychological operations to destabilize the situation inside our country, create panic, spread fakes and undermine trust in state institutions. In these conditions, the state’s policy becomes important, which should be integral and effective in countering these threats. An effective state policy in the field of information security will help ensure society’s resilience to information threats, strengthen trust in state institutions, and maintain stability in crisis conditions. The author’s understanding of information security is offered as a state of security of information resources and information systems, which ensures their confidentiality, integrity, availability and reliability, as well as protection against unauthorized access, disclosure, modification, destruction and other forms of abuse that may lead to a violation of national security, economic stability and social order. The main components of information security, which are the basis for information security for the state as a whole, individual bodies or private enterprises, are called confidentiality, integrity and availability. The main components of the mechanism for ensuring information security, in the opinion of the author, should be: technical (creation of appropriate technical infrastructure to ensure the functioning of information security), political (development of state policy aimed at ensuring information security) and legal (adoption of high-quality normative legal acts that will determine all information security measures). These three components complement each other and are key to creating an effective system of protection against information threats.

Investigating ISA adaptation in a developing country context: the selective influence of Big Four affiliates

ABSTRACT This paper examines how the national process of adapting the International Standards on Auditing (ISAs) unfolds in developing countries, focusing on the case of Egypt. The study relies on data gathered from 33 semi-structured interviews with government officials and senior auditors alongside documentary evidence. Our findings show how legacy state institutions that were involved in the national standard-setting committee have largely fallen short of their aspirations to align local auditing standards with the expectations set out in the ISAs. The lack of a coherent approach to developing state policy objectives, resources, and public consultation, together with technical demands and translation difficulties, hampered the process. Such weaknesses provided an opportunity for the local Big Four affiliates to become deeply involved. The firms’ strategic manoeuvres were driven not only by a material desire to protect their market position/status but also by a commitment to a perceived national duty to support government attempts at national standard-setting. Importantly, our findings reveal the selectivity of such interventions and the differential impact of ISA adaptation on the diverse constituency of audit firms. Theoretically, we propose the institutional void perspective to conceptualise the intervention of private actors as well as to articulate the elements of a void in an audit regulatory process. While Big Four firms typically seek to position themselves in such processes, we argue that international reforms and policies should focus on fostering a more inclusive, accountable, and deliberative system that promotes the presence of diverse, independent and representative local audit actors.

Is digital development a factor of university-industry R&D collaboration and vice versa?

Abstract The purpose of the article is to determine and characterize relationships and their causality between indicators of digitalization of social relations and level of university-industry R&D collaboration. To conduct the research, a sample was formed for 20 countries of the world leaders in University-Industry R&D Collaboration indicator (as a part of Global Innovation Index) in 2022, which covers the following indices for period from 2011 to 2020: indicators of university-industry R&D collaboration, access to ICT, government online services, online creativity (as assessed by WIPO Global Innovation Index), and export of ICT goods (according to the World Bank). The methodological basis of the study was methods of correlation analysis (Pearson or Spearman, depending on data distribution, for which Shapiro-Wilk test for normal data distribution was previously applied) taking into account possible lags in time, VAR modelling, Granger test, and corresponding toolkit of STATA 18 software. As a result of the research, it was confirmed that the level of university-industry R&D collaboration is affected by such indicators of digitalization of social relations as online creativity (in 16 from 20 sample countries), access to ICT (in 12 countries) and the share of ICT goods exports in total exports (in 11 countries). At the same time, university-industry R&D collaboration is a cause of changes in the level of online creativity (in 15 from 20 sample countries), access to ICT (in 11 countries), public online services (in 10 from 19 sample countries) and the share of ICT goods exports (in 10 from 20 sample countries). The obtained results can be useful for stakeholders in R&D, innovative activities, development of state policy in the innovation and information sphere for making the most effective decisions in the context of stimulating the role of cooperation.

Отдельные проблемы, связанные с правом на труд медицинских работников (часть первая)

The right to work for medical workers in the Russian Federation is limited by many requirements, prohibitions, and conditions. The first part of the article is devoted to the consideration of certain restrictions concerning medical and other education that allows you to be considered a medical professional, as well as the accreditation of a specialist, which (according to the legislator) is a procedure for determining the compliance of a person who has received medical or other education with the requirements for carrying out medical activities in a certain medical specialty. The relevant norms of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, the Federal Law “On the Basics of Public Health Protection in the Russian Federation”, as well as regulatory legal acts of federal executive authorities responsible for the development and implementation of state policy and regulatory regulation in the field of healthcare and higher education are analyzed. The opinion is expressed on the need to amend certain norms of federal legislation in order to unambiguously understand the rights of medical workers and restrictions for them related to the implementation of medical activities.

Methodological Approach to Comprehensive Assessment of Living Standards in Russian Regions

Introduction. Improving the living standards of the population is the most important task facing public authorities. However, its solution is impossible without a clear understanding of what is meant by this definition and how this indicator should be assessed. Despite the wide representation of studies on this issue, there is actually no unified position and, consequently, no generally accepted assessment. The use of private indicators gives contradictory results. In this regard, the aim of the study is to develop a methodology for the comprehensive assessment of living standards in Russian regions. Materials and Methods. The methods of grouping, dynamic and structural analysis, correlation analysis and others were applied in the framework of the task. The information base of the study was formed by the data of the Federal State Statistics Service of Russia, as well as the works of domestic and foreign scientists in the field under consideration. The research proposed an approach to the formation of an integral assessment of the standard of living of the population of Russian regions, based on a two-stage convolution of 22 private indicators divided into five groups, taking into account the weighting coefficients. Further the methodology was tested on the data on the regions of the Russian Federation. Results. According to the results of the approbation, the ratings of regions by standard of living for 2017‒2021 were formed, which allowed us to consider its dynamics. It was revealed that, in general, the positions of leaders and outsiders remain stable; the differentiation between regions does not decrease. At the same time, while outsiders have weak positions in the overwhelming number of indicators, leadership can be due to different components of the integral indicator. Discussion and Conclusion. The obtained results can be used by the authorities responsible for the development and implementation of state policy in the field of regional development, social security and other related areas. Forecast assessments allow us to identify threats to the realization of the task of improving living standards in Russian regions.

NATIONAL IDENTITY AND INNOVATIVE DEVELOPMENT AS FACTORS OF ECONOMIC SECURITY OF THE COUNTRY

Purpose. Study of the impact of national identity and economic innovativeness as factors of the country’s national and international security on international economic relations; defining the main foundations of national identity, which should be taken into account when developing state policy and forming a national geostrategy, as well as clarifying the relationship between national interests and economic growth based on innovation. Methodology of research. The following methods of scientific analysis were used to implement the identified goals and tasks of the research: historical, systemic, structural-functional and value-normative. The historical method made it possible to trace the nature and peculiarities of the formation of the national idea, as well as to determine the prospects for its development in the period of global transformations. The system method made it possible to comprehensively examine the national identity, to identify its main elements and connections. The structural-functional method helped to reveal the role of the functional unity of society united by the worldview and value concepts of the national idea, as well as to characterize the importance of innovative activity and technological development of industrially developed countries. The value-normative method helped reveal the relationship between national values and their impact on economic security and the course of international economic relations. Findings. The impact of national identity and economic innovativeness on international economic relations is determined, their role in ensuring national security and the formation of state policy is established. The analysis of the impact of globalization processes on the nature and content of the country’s national interests is carried out, the role of the geopolitical factor in this context is determined, and the problem of forming a modern Ukrainian geostrategy in the context of the struggle for the realization of national interests and ensuring the country’s national security is considered. It is substantiated that in the modern world, innovations become a determining factor in the dynamic development, transformation and competitiveness of socio-economic systems in the global space. Originality. The influence of national identity and economic innovativeness as factors of the country’s economic security on international economic relations was investigated on an interdisciplinary basis at the intersection of such scientific disciplines as political science, economics, history, cultural studies and the theory of international relations; some aspects of Ukraine’s economic development strategy are defined, emphasizing the importance of international cooperation, integration processes, and national collective strength for solving future post-war challenges. Practical value. Theoretical provisions, conclusions and recommendations are important for the scientific justification of the optimal mechanism for the implementation of the national economic strategy, taking into account the national identity and economic innovativeness in modern social and political conditions, as well as the possibility of applied application of these results in the educational process. Key words: national identity, innovation, innovative activity, national idea, geopolitics, economic security, economic nationalism, international economic relations.

Development and implementation of Australian State, territory, and national policy on the health and wellbeing of adolescents and young adults: An exploration of policy actor perspectives using the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research

ObjectivesGovernment policies that support the health and wellbeing of young people (aged 10 to 25) can have important individual and societal impacts. The aim of this study was to explore policy actor perspectives on the development and implementation of Australian government policies focussed on the health and wellbeing of young people. MethodsWe utilised a qualitative research design consisting of semi-structured interviews with policy actors with experience working with Australian youth health policies. Our interview guide and analyses were informed by the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR). We interviewed 19 participants from various national, state, and territory bodies. ResultsSeveral specific barriers and facilitators to policy development and implementation were identified using the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research. Key policy development barriers were limited available resources (e.g. staffing and funding) and low relative priority within health and political systems. Key policy implementation barriers were limited available resources, limited policy compatibility with health services, cosmopolitanism issues related to interagency collaboration, and a lack of policy evaluation. Meaningful engagement of young people could also be improved. ConclusionsAlthough Australian youth health policies are perceived as evidence-based and comprehensively developed, the ability to promote implementation remains stalled. Implications for Public HealthThe development of policy implementation plans, monitoring and evaluation mechanisms, funding and resources, and a strong commitment to removing barriers to working across multiple departments and systems is required to improve outcomes for young people.

Utilization of digital technologies in the development of state policy on national security issues

The article examines the impact of digital technologies on the national security. It becomes relevant in the current context of growing cyber threats and dependence on information systems. In the modern world, it is essential to study the impact of digital technologies on the protection of the state to understand such a great impact of cyber threats on national security. This study aims to determine the impact of digital technologies on national and state security globally and in Ukraine. Digital technologies and their application in the field of national security are the focus of the current study. Research methodology. The study is based on analyzing scientific literature and applying methods of analysis, comparison, and generalization of information. The results and their practical significance. The research indicates that the integration of digital technologies into security systems improves the efficiency of monitoring and responding to threats. In addition, the article highlights the importance of developing cyber defense and cooperation with other countries and international organizations in the field of digital technologies for national security. The research findings can be helpful in developing strategies for national security and protection against cyber threats. According to the study, digital technologies are becoming an integral part of a state's national security and require attention and measures for their effective application and protection.

International practices in the development of administrative legal relations in the field of child protection

Ensuring and protecting children’s rights is a priority in building harmonious legal relations in everycivilisedcountry. Thestudyoftheexperienceofdifferent countries regarding the specifics of the development of administrative legal relations in the field of child protection allows analysing the problematic aspects and identifying positive developments that should be adopted and disseminated. The purpose of this study is to investigate administrative legal relations in the area of child rights protection in certain countries of the world. A set of methods was employed, including methods of induction and deduction, analysis and synthesis, comparison and generalisation, etc. The study examined the content of certain provisions of the Convention on the Rights of the Child, as well as the specific features of legal relations existing between the bodies and institutions of the United Nations. The study analysed the specifics of the development of administrative legal relations in the countries of the Anglo-Saxon and Romano-Germanic legal systems. It was emphasised that in each of the countries under consideration, ensuring and protecting children’s rights is a priority for the state. Even though an effective mechanism for ensuring children’s rights has been developed in countries with highly developed economies and legal culture, certain elements of ensuring children’s rights still need to be improved. The legal relations between different state structures for the protection of children’s rights in the United States of America, England, Germany, France, and Romania are investigated and systematised. Based on the study conducted, a classification of the system of development of administrative legal relations in the area under study was proposed. In addition, the similarities and differences in the development of administrative legal relations for the protection of children’s rights in countries with different legal systems, legal cultures, levels of economic development and mentality were generalised, with author’s generalisations and proposals. The proposed scientific study can be used by researchers as a basis for further scientific investigations, by teachers of higher education institutions, as well as by employees of social services for children and representatives of public authorities who influence the development of state policy on the protection of children’s rights

СВІТОВИЙ ТА ВІТЧИЗНЯНИЙ ДОСВІД ЗАЛУЧЕННЯ ІНВЕСТИЦІЙ У РОЗВИТОК ПІДПРИЄМСТВ В УМОВАХ ЦИФРОВОЇ ТРАНСФОРМАЦІЇ

The article examines the process of digital transformation, which plays an important role in the national economy, from the business processes of an individual enterprise to state strategies and development policies. Digital transformation processes play an important role in the national economy, from the business processes of an individual enterprise to state strategies and development policies. The country has additional advantages due to the successful functioning of the digital economy sector. Digital technologies are changing certain economic processes at the current stage of development of the world economy. New financial instruments that arise as a result of the development of financial technologies give investors great opportunities to reduce risks and increase profitability. Thanks to the use of the latest advances in digital technologies, the infrastructure necessary for the implementation of investment projects is improved, the investment process is simplified, and the digital economy plays a significant role in investment processes. Proper government regulation is necessary for the effective operation of investment processes, therefore it is important to research and analyze the experience of digital investment transformation in different countries, as well as to develop a detailed state strategy for the development of the digital economy. The foundations of the national investment policy and the orientation of the policy towards the growth of the national economy are revealed. The purpose of the article is to study the foreign and domestic experience of investing in the development of digital infrastructure.. For the successful implementation of the digital transformation strategy, the state must actively stimulate investments. One of the important steps is attracting investments aimed at the development of digital infrastructure. To achieve this goal, the state's strategy should be based on such principles as access to digital technologies, databases and the results of the latest research, as well as ensuring their reliability and protection. In addition, funding from the state budget is important, which will ensure an adequate level of protection of intellectual property rights, confidential information and freedoms in the digital environment.

ОЦЕНКА ПЕРСПЕКТИВ УВЕЛИЧЕНИЯ ВЫСОКОТЕХНОЛОГИЧНОГО ЭКСПОРТА МАЛОГО ИННОВАЦИОННОГО БИЗНЕСА В РЕГИОНАХ РОССИИ И РЕСПУБЛИКЕ БАШКОРТОСТАН В УСЛОВИЯХ САНКЦИЙ

Assessment of the prospects for increasing high-tech exports of small innovative businesses in the regions of Russia and the Republic of Bashkortostan under sanctions is a significant indicator of the economy. The emergence of additional market niches, the possibility of developing internal and external demand for small innovative business products, is an opportunity for the development of the Russian economy. Western sanctions have both a deterrent and a stimulating effect on small innovative businesses. New market niches of non-Western countries of the world are being revealed. In these conditions, the development of high–tech exports to non-Western countries of innovative small businesses (hereinafter referred to as IMBS) from the regions of Russia becomes an urgent research goal. In pursuit of this goal, the method of comparative analysis and comparison of various groups of regions of Russia was used. This study has determined the relevance of the directions of development of high-tech exports of the IMB of the Republic of Bashkortostan. Goal. Assessment of the prospects for increasing high-tech exports of IMBS in the regions of Russia under the sanctions of Western countries. The objectives of the study are: – analysis of external challenges and conditions for the effective increase of high–tech exports of IMB in the regions of Russia; - development of directions and measures for the development of IMB in the regions of Russia and the Republic of Bashkortostan. Methodology. The assessment of the prospects for increasing high-tech exports of the IMB made it possible to formulate approaches to the development of appropriate state policy in the regions of Russia. Results. Based on the assessment of the prospects for increasing high-tech exports, the presented and analyzed data, the state policy of catch-up development in supporting the export of the IMB of the Republic of Bashkortostan is justified. Conclusions. The scientific and technological state policy of Russia should be transformed into a catch-up type of development of high-tech exports of IMB, based on domestic research and development. Sustainable and dynamic growth of high-tech exports of IMBS is possible with the creation of innovation belts around scientific institutions and universities. Which implement their own highly original intellectual property objects (hereinafter referred to as IPOs) in intangible assets (hereinafter referred to as IA) and know-how.

Labour resources for farms

The article is devoted to the study of the problem of social conditions of reproduction of labour resources for farms in modern Russia. Based on the analysis of modern publications of the science-intensive Scopus database, the international experience of the development of farming and labour resources of this category of production organizations is considered. Significant substantive trends in the theoretical part of the study were reflected in the methodology and methods of empirical research conducted by the survey method in the South of Russia (Stavropol Krai). In total, 417 people permanently residing in rural areas of Stavropol Krai took part in the survey. Factor analysis of the survey data made it possible to develop a structural model for choosing living conditions in rural areas as a basic basis for the possible inclusion of the able-bodied population in farming activities. The structural elements of the model are: social guarantees at the federal and regional levels and their implementation at a high quality level, the authorities' concern for the well-being of citizens; favourable socio-ecosystem characteristics of in rural areas associated with high-quality nutrition, the possibility of creativity, preservation of folk traditions, manifestations of social initiative; the possibility of a healthy lifestyle of a modern young family with children in an ecologically clean social communications perceived as a safe habitat; inclusion of rural areas in regional socio–cultural and innovative processes; indigenous living – love for a small homeland. The obtained factor model will help in the development of programs for the effective involvement of new participants in the social group of farming and the development of effective state and regional policies in the field of reproduction of labour resources in rural areas of Russia.

СТАН ТА ПЕРСПЕКТИВИ РОЗВИТКУ ПРОТЕЗНОЇ ГАЛУЗІ В УКРАЇНІ В КОНТЕКСТІ ВИКОНАННЯ ЗАВДАНЬ СОЦІАЛЬНОЇ ПОЛІТИКИ ВОЄННОГО ЧАСУ

The consequence of any war is the appearance of a large number of injured civilians and military personnel. In 2009, Ukraine signed the UN Convention "On the Rights of Persons with Disabilities" and confirmed guarantees regarding the provision of persons with disabilities with rehabilitation aids and their social inclusion. The purpose of the article is to highlight the results of the research, which are related to the state policy of development of the field of prosthetics in the context of ensuring the rights of people with disabilities, their rehabilitation and social inclusion. The relevance of the problem under consideration is determined by the fact that in 2022-2023, the number of injured civilians in Ukraine increased by 15%, the military - by five times, and the organization of the activities of prosthetic and orthopedic enterprises does not allow to fully satisfy the needs in prosthetics. The research methodology was based on the use of such methods as: content analysis (to identify the main content of legal acts on providing persons with disabilities with technical and other means of rehabilitation), abstraction - in order to highlight the most essential characteristics of the development of the prosthetics and orthopedics industry, systematization, which made it possible to organize and bring to a certain degree of coherence the state policy measures necessary to ensure the development of the field of prosthetics. The tasks of the state in the context of the implementation of social policy are measures aimed at the development of the prosthetic and orthopedic industry and the establishment of a system of rehabilitation of people affected by the war. In order to streamline the system of prosthetics for people with disabilities, improve the quality of prosthetics and rational use of budget funds, in 2014 the government liquidated "Ukrprotez" as an intermediary in the distribution of financial resources. The next stage of the reorganization of the network of prosthetic and orthopedic enterprises was the transformation of state-owned enterprises into state-owned commercial ones. The practical significance of the article lies in the substantiation of the set of measures necessary for the reorganization and development of enterprises in the prosthetics industry, including issues of a strategic nature that require the development of an appropriate Strategy. The industry development strategy, in turn, should include decisions on organizational, technological, personnel, and economic issues of ensuring the effective operation of prosthetic and orthopedic enterprises.

Relationship of Innovation Management and Investments in State Policy Development

The conceptual-categorical research apparatus was further developed by clarifying the essence of the concepts, namely: "innovation" as a new or significantly improved product (goods, services) or process introduced into use, a new sales method or a new organizational method in business practice, work organization places or in external communications; "state innovation and investment policy at the regional level" as a complex, dynamically developing, hierarchically and spatially organized socio-economic system that functions within the boundaries of a certain territory, on which economic innovation and investment processes and dependencies between market entities are carried out taking into account the characteristic territorial features of the innovative development of the regions. It has been established that the following are key technologies, the implementation of which will be important for creating a new basis for the development of the economy, financial and non-financial services: digital information processing technologies (creation of new products, upgrading of traditional industries, management efficiency, the Internet of Things), including including blockchain technology (financial innovations, smart contracts, sharing economy); 3D printing (production of new products, customization of production while maintaining the effect of scale); artificial intelligence (substitution of labor with capital - especially in the field of telecommunications, unmanned transport, finance; machine learning as a prerequisite for customization of production); virtual reality (production of new products, expansion of the spectrum of solvable tasks, especially in the sectors of entertainment, health care, education); 5G communication (communication services, management efficiency, Internet of things, unmanned transport). It was noted that innovative activity is not a one-time activity, but is a system of measures for understanding the idea, introducing it into production, and scaling technologies. The innovation and investment policy must be implemented within the framework of the strategic plan. As a result of the evolution of theoretical views and accumulated practical experience, innovation and investment activities are understood as various scientific, innovative, investment, organizational, technological, financial and commercial actions that lead to the implementation of innovations. It is noted that the nature of innovation and investment state policy at the regional level is determined by the degree of state intervention in economic processes, which is why the levels of regional development differ. Such interference is manifested through the implementation of tax, financial, credit, licensing, price, etc. policies. Regardless of the scale, innovation and investment activity at the regional level is defined from the point of view of the following positions: from the standpoint of institutional theory - as a field of activity, that is, a set of institutions that ensure the production, distribution and use of new, economically beneficial knowledge; from the point of view of the network approach - as a process by which modern technologies and innovative businesses based on them are produced; from the standpoint of a structural-functional approach - as a hierarchically organized spatial system that ensures the maximization of scientific and technical progress while observing regional system limitations.

State policy of preventing crimes against a person: Which best practices should be used by Azerbaijan?

State policy of prevention, detection, termination, disclosure, and investigation of crimes against a person in Azerbaijan should be based on other countries’ best practices and experience. The choice of countries to be followed by Azerbaijan should be very well-founded, given that the dynamics of crimes against a person depend significantly on many social and economic determinants: income inequality, the dominance of the rule of law in the country, the level of literacy and financial literacy of citizens, or racial diversity.50 countries are clustered according to the similarity of trends regarding the dependence of crimes against persons on these socio-economic determinants. Clustering is based on data of 2021 from the World Bank, World Population Review, UNODC, and WGI (the selection of countries is due to the availability of comparable statistical information, the choice of year – to the availability of the most up-to-date data). Clustering was carried out using two methods (DBSCAN and K-Means) to ensure the adequacy of the calculations. Clustering is performed for 3 combinations: 1) by the entire set of crimes and their determinants; 2) by the specific type of crime and all types of determinants; 3) by the entire set of crimes and a specific socio-economic determinant. Albania, Jordan, Mongolia, Romania, and Serbia were most often in the same cluster with Azerbaijan. Therefore, the best experience and best practices of these countries can be used by the state regulatory bodies of Azerbaijan in developing state policy on preventing crimes against the person.