State-owned Banks In Indonesia Research Articles

Competition Dynamics of Market Share for Assets in the Banking Industry Using the Lotka-Volterra Model Approach

Research Originality: Competition in the banking sector is unavoidable. Such competition is present among state-owned banks in Indonesia. In contrast to the previous studies that did not include the competition type and its stability, this study includes the competition type and its stability in the estimation.Research Objectives: This study aims to discover the competition type and its stability, and to forecast the market share among the four state-owned banks.Research Methods: Using market share data of assets published annually by each of the banks from 2010 to 2023, the study employs the Lotka-Volterra model approach to analyze the competition type and its stability that occur among the four state-owned banks.Empirical Results: The study discovers that the competition types of the four state-owned banks vary. There have been three competition types among the four state-owned banks: mutualism, predator-prey and pure competition. Besides, the stability property of the four state-owned banks tended to be unstable. By looking at the gains of market share for assets, only Mandiri’s market share gains will increase in the 2024-2028 period. As a result, the total market share gains for the four state-owned banks declined sequentially.Implications:This research holds significance for four state-owned banks in Indonesia as it provides valuable insights into considering the three competition types (mutualism, pure competition and predator-prey) as the primary key to achieving a significant market share value.JEL Classification: C61, D41, E17, G21How to Cite:Jamal, S. W., Suparno., Rashid, U. K., & Fauziah, F. (2024). Competition Dynamics of Market Share for Assets in the Banking Industry Using the Lotka-Volterra Model Approach. Etikonomi, 23(2), 299 – 316. https://doi.org/10.15408/etk.v23i2.32226

Business Model and Strategy for Sustainable Lending of State-Owned Banks in Indonesia

Currently, banks are facing challenges in fulfilling the interests of stakeholders, not only from an economic point of view, but also in terms of environmental, social, and governance (ESG) aspects. This is due to the increasing concern for sustainability issues, including lending activities. Lending activities constitute the largest portion of bank assets and are the largest contributor to bank revenues. Thus, banks need certain business models and strategies to encourage sustainable lending growth; otherwise, it will be difficult for banks to fulfill stakeholder’s interests and support sustainable development goals. This study aimed to build a sustainable business model and select sustainable lending strategies in state-owned banks in Indonesia using a value chain approach. The development of a sustainable business model utilizing a triple-layer business model canvas (TLBMC) is based on the results of previous research and sustainability report data of the three state-owned banks. The formulation of strategy selection as the key driver of sustainable lending utilized the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) based on expert respondent data collected through questionnaires. This research showed that the lending distribution business model at state-owned banks in Indonesia, which was built using the TLBMC framework, can realize sustainability goals in the form of a sustainable lending business model. Furthermore, this sustainable business model can be used as a basis for selecting sustainable strategies. In addition, the AHP results yielded alternative strategies in the form of the market development and penetration of green loans and micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) as the key drivers of sustainable lending growth.

Factors Affecting Profitability (Study On State-Owned Banks In Indonesia)

The research aims to determine the effect of Capital Adequacy Ratio, Non-Performing Loans, Loan to Deposit Ratio and Net Interest Margin on profitability as measured by ROA. The study was conducted at banks owned by the Government of the Republic of Indonesia or known as Bank BUMN (State-Owned Enterprises) which consists of four banks, namely Bank Mandiri (Bank Mandiri), Bank Rakyat Indonesia (BRI), Bank Negara Indonesia (BNI) and Bank Tabungan Negara (BTN). The method of the research was quantitative research, analysis secondary data. It was conducted from the financial reporting Bank BUMN period from 2011 to 2022. By multiple linear regression analysis, it was found that CAR has a significant negative effect, NPL has a significant negative effect, LDR has a significant positive effect, and NIM has a significant positive effect on profitability. Furthermore, the coefficient of determination shows that the model is able to explain 84.90% of the variation in the four dependent variables.

Analysis of the Impact of Mobile Banking Technology, Fintech, and Digital Transaction Security on Customer Loyalty at BUMN Banks in Indonesia

This study investigates the impact of mobile banking technology, fintech innovations, and digital transaction security on customer loyalty at state-owned banks in Indonesia. Utilizing a quantitative approach, data were collected from 300 respondents through a structured questionnaire with a Likert scale ranging from 1 (Strongly Disagree) to 5 (Strongly Agree). The data were analyzed using SPSS version 25, employing descriptive statistics, reliability analysis, exploratory factor analysis, correlation analysis, and multiple regression analysis. The results revealed that all three independent variables—mobile banking technology, fintech innovations, and digital transaction security—positively and significantly influence customer loyalty. Mobile banking technology had a correlation coefficient of 0.62, fintech innovations 0.57, and digital transaction security 0.68 with customer loyalty. The regression analysis showed that these factors collectively explained 38% of the variance in customer loyalty, with digital transaction security having the strongest impact. The findings underscore the importance of enhancing technological capabilities and security measures to foster customer loyalty in state-owned banks. The study provides valuable insights for banking institutions seeking to improve customer satisfaction and retention through advanced technological solutions and robust security protocols.

Sustainable Value Chain for Sustainable Lending of State-Owned Banks in Indonesia

Banks have enormous potential to support the achievement of sustainable development goals (SDGs) in accordance with their function as financial intermediaries through sustainable lending. However, the average national financing growth for the sustainable business activity category over the past four years is still 12%. The aim of this research is to identify the conditions of sustainable lending at state-owned conventional banks and analyze the influence of the value chain, economic performance, and ESG performance on sustainable lending. The research was conducted at state-owned commercial banks in Indonesia. The research utilized structural equation modeling (SEM). The SEM results of this study describe value chain, ESG performance (environmental, social, and governance), and economic performance and have direct and positive influences on sustainable lending, of which ESG performance has the biggest influence. As per each individual aspect, social orientation makes the biggest contribution toward sustainable lending.

The impact of boundary spanning activities and resource orchestration in improving performance of Indonesian state-owned bank branches

State-owned enterprises have responsibilities to conduct head office’s strategies to make profits, to execute public programs and obligations, to maintain their viabilities, to serve customers, and to manage employees. Those prompt their branch managers not only to explore their environment but also to face a goal conflict situation. This study is to investigate the effects of branch managers’ boundary spanning activities and resource orchestration on the performance of branch offices in the dynamics of environmental uncertainty and goal conflict. This study employs structural equation modeling on one of the most prominent state-owned banks in Indonesia, with 201 branch offices as the unit of analysis, and 186 branch managers as respondents. The results of this study show that boundary spanning activities have a positive and significant relationship with resource orchestration. Meanwhile, both boundary spanning activities and resource orchestration are to influence the performance of branch offices. However, the influence varies widely, depending on environmental uncertainty and goal conflict experienced by branch managers. Furthermore, this study delves into an interesting phenomenon, that goal conflict situation, instead of reducing boundary spanning activities, it increases them but has no impact on resource orchestration. This closely relates to the culture of Indonesia as a nation with high power distance, low individualism, low masculinity, and low indulgence which represent preferences to prioritize workplace harmony, obey supervisors, and be loyal to the workplace.

Penerapan Green Banking Pada Perbankan BUMN di Indonesia: Studi Kasus pada Perbankan BUMN yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI) Tahun 2021-2022

The implementation of green banking is an effort to change the old paradigm of national development from a greedy economy to a green economy where the greedy economy is seen from the value of the gross domestic product which results in the exploitation of natural resources, while the green economy is economic growth that still pays attention to the 3Ps (people, profit and planets). The 3P concept is a sustainable development effort. Method: The research approach used is descriptive qualitative. According to Moleong (2005:6), qualitative research is research that intends to understand phenomena about what is experienced by research subjects, for example behavior, perceptions, motivations, actions, etc. holistically, and by means of descriptions in the form of words and language, on a special natural context and by utilizing various natural methods. Results: The research results show that the majority of state-owned banks in Indonesia have started steps towards implementing green banking. They have issued internal policies that support carbon emission reduction practices, such as the use of renewable energy and energy efficiency. Conclusion: the implementation of green banking in state-owned banking in Indonesia has progressed in the 2021-2022 period. Most state-owned banks have adopted practices of reducing carbon emissions, sustainable project financing, and developing environmentally friendly products and services. However, there are still challenges in implementing green banking, such as a lack of understanding and awareness of the benefits and business potential of this practice, as well as limited resources in implementing it widely.

The Influence of the Amount of Credit Disbursement on Profitability in State-Owned Banking in Indonesia

This research aims to determine the effect of the amount of credit disbursement on profitability at state-owned banks in Indonesia. This research uses quantitative methods with simple linear regression analysis. The object of this research is state-owned banks listed on the IDX in the 2019-2021 period. By using secondary data from quarterly financial reports in 2019-2021. The results of this research are that the amount of credit disbursement significantly positively affects banking profitability

Estimating the mediating role of value chain in good corporate governance and asset growth

The primary objective of this research is to examine the relationship between Good Corporate Governance (GCG), value chain, and bank asset growth in Indonesian State-Owned banks. Additionally, this study aims to determine whether value chain mediates the relationship between GCG and bank asset growth. This research employs a quantitative method. Data is collected using a questionnaire with a Likert scale ranging from 1 to 7. The respondents in this study are employees and managers working in state-owned banks in Indonesia. The total sample size used in this research is 239 samples. Data analysis is conducted using SmartPLS 4 software. The results of this study demonstrate that GCG has a significant positive relationship with the value chain of the bank. However, the direct relationship between GCG and bank asset growth is not statistically significant. The results of the mediation analysis show that value chain mediates the relationship between GCG and bank asset growth, emphasizing the critical role of value chain in optimizing the impact of GCG on bank asset growth.

Analysis the mediating role of knowledge sharing and innovation value chain on the company's sustainable competitive advantage

In an era where knowledge has become one of the most valuable assets, the ability to effectively gather, store, manage, and utilize knowledge is critical. Given the ever-changing market needs, the sustainable competitive advantage of a company is crucial. The aim of this research is to analyze the role of knowledge management capabilities in sustainable competitive advantage and to assess the effectiveness of the impact provided by knowledge sharing and the innovation value chain in enhancing a company's competitive advantage. The research method employed is quantitative research using a questionnaire with a 1 – 7-point Likert Scale for data collection. This study was conducted on employees, staff, and managers of a state-owned bank in Indonesia, with a sample size of 206 respondents. Data analysis will be performed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) technique with SmartPLS 4 software. The results of hypothesis testing indicate that the influence of knowledge management capabilities on knowledge sharing, and the innovation value chain is statistically significant. Furthermore, there is a statistically significant influence between knowledge sharing and sustainable competitive advantage, and knowledge sharing mediates the relationship between knowledge management capabilities and sustainable competitive advantage. The influence of the innovation value chain on sustainable competitive advantage is also significant, however, there is no significant evidence found that the innovation value chain mediates the relationship between knowledge management capabilities and sustainable competitive advantage.

The Effect of Firm Size, Credit Risk, Interest Rates, and Liquidity on Bank Profitability: Study on State-Owned Banks in Indonesia

The Effect of Firm Size, Credit Risk, Interest Rates, and Liquidity on Bank Profitability: Study on State-Owned Banks in Indonesia

Optimization of Teller Services Using Queuing Theory at XYZ Bank

Bank XYZ is one of the largest state-owned banks in Indonesia that provides various financial services. Currently Bank XYZ has 3 teller services only. This study aims to determine the use of customer queuing schemes currently used in XYZ bank teller services. The data processed is the arrival of customers who transact at the teller area of Bank XYZ. This study uses the Queuing Theory method with the M / M / S (Multiple Channel Single Phase) model and also uses FlexSim software. Then analyze with the addition of the number of tellers (services). Finally, a comparison is made between manual and software calculation methods. Based on the results of the data analysis, the optimal improvement in the application of the queuing system is to add 1 teller service to 4 teller services. The improvement in the performance of the queuing system is characterized by a reduction in the number of customers in line at peak hours 10.00 - 11.00 which initially amounted to 11 people reduced to 3 people and the average waiting time of customers in the queue from 10.08 minutes to 4.02 minutes. Therefore, optimal queuing system performance can be ensured by increasing the number of tellers to four.

The Assessment of State-Owned Bank Soundness Using RGEC Method Before and During Covid-19 Pandemic

Covid-19 entered Indonesia in March of 2020, affecting nearly all sectors, including the finance industry. This study aims to analyze the financial performance of state-owned banks in Indonesia (BNI, BRI, Mandiri, and BTN) for the period 2018-2021 using the RGEC (risk profile, gcg, income, and capital) method. According to circular letter of Bank Indonesia (SE BI) no. 13 of 2011, each bank is required to conduct an independent assessment of its financial condition. This study employs a descriptive quantitative methodology. In this research, the purposive sampling method was used. The sample consists of state-owned institutions that have published annual reports from 2018 to 2021 consecutively. Documents and secondary data are the categories and sources of data utilized for this article. Based on the findings of this analysis as a whole, BNI bank has a very healthy predicate in 2018, 2019, and 2021, and a healthy predicate in 2020. BTN bank has a consecutively healthy predicate for the 2018-2021 period, while Mandiri bank and BRI bank have a consecutively very healthy predicate for the 2018-2021 period.

Causality of Bank Financial Performance, Green Bond, CSR, Green Financing Portfolio and CO2 Emissions in Transportation: Evidence from Indonesia

This study aims to identify the causality between bank financial performance measured by Return on Assets (ROA), Return on Equity (ROE), Net Interest Margin (NIM), and Operating Expenses to Operating Income (BOPO) with Green Financing Portfolio and CO2 emissions in the transportation sector. This study uses descriptive quantitative research methods and content analysis of the Sustainability Report of Bank Mandiri, Indonesia for the period 2016 to 2022. In this study, we collected data from Bank Mandiri's financial statements which included information on ROA, ROE, NIM, and BOPO. In addition, we also collected CO2 emission data available from 2016 to 2022. The research sample is Bank Mandiri as one of the state-owned banks in Indonesia. We used purposive sampling technique to select samples that meet the inclusion criteria. The collected data was then analyzed using statistical methods to test the relationship between the variables involved, namely the bank's financial performance (ROA, ROE, NIM, and BOPO), Green Financing Portfolio, and CO2 emissions in the transportation sector. We use content analysis to illustrate the results of Bank Mandiri's financial statements in graphical form. The results of the analysis show that the increase in Green Bond that started in 2016 has a significant impact on the increase in fund allocation for Green Financing Portfolio. This indicates a positive causality between Green Bond and Green Financing Portfolio. In this context, the causality between Green Financing Portfolio and CO2 emissions can be explained through the influence of investment in green technology and sustainable practices. With significant funds allocated through the Green Financing Portfolio, companies and institutions can implement projects that aim to reduce CO2 emissions in the transportation sector. This means that the use of Green Bond as a sustainable funding source has the potential to reduce the negative impact of transportation on the environment.

Aligning company's business goals, social responsibility and employee happiness in the banking industry

PurposeThis study aims to investigate the role of corporate social responsibility (CSR) to increase the happiness of employees and in the same time contributing to the goals of organization. It is argued that a type of CSR, namely cause-related marketing (CrM) can drive employee happiness at work (HaW) through employee's cause involvement (CI). CrM is activity form of collaboration between companies and nonprofit organizations to sell products or services and donate some portion of the sales to support a cause. The study is needed to understand this CSR action and its effects, in particular on employees as company stakeholders.Design/methodology/approachThe study was conducted by survey questionnaire with sample of 216 respondents employed by a state-owned bank in Indonesia which active in CSR actions. Analysis conducted using PLS SEM method and SMART PLS software.FindingsThe finding confirms that CrM does indeed have an effect on employee happiness, especially if employee's cause involvement in the CrM is evident. The result suggested that CrM initiatives should be promoted together with employee's cause involvement with the program because this will increase the general level of HaW in the organization.Originality/valueThe study is unique because of its effort in aligning three aspects; employee happiness, social responsibility while still takes account for company's business goals. It also addresses a rarely explored yet crucial area in a highly stressed environment: the financial industry in a pandemic situation.

Efektivitas Penerapan Whistleblowing System (Studi pada 4 Bank BUMN Terbesar di Indonesia Periode 2019 – 2022)

This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of whistleblowing system in preventing violation cases on 4 Largest State-Owned Banks in Indonesia between 2019 and 2022. This study employs descriptive qualitative approach, involving secondary data of the companies' Annual Report containing data on violation reporting through the whistleblowing system mechanism. The data are collected from a literature study by conducting qualitative content analysis. The results and discussion of this study exhibit that the Whistleblowing System implementations of PT. Bank Rakyat Indonesia (Persero) Tbk and PT. Bank Tabungan Negara (Persero) Tbk. have been effective in detecting and preventing fraud, different from those of PT. Bank Negara Indonesia (Persero) Tbk and PT. Bank Mandiri (Persero) Tbk which are still less effective in detecting and preventing fraud.

Analysis of SOE Banking Stock Investment as Knowledge for Millenial Generation

The purpose of this study is to analyze the status of state-owned banks in Indonesia and find out which state-owned bank shares are suitable for investment by the younger generation. In addition, it aims to increase knowledge and information about investment and become one of the considerations for the younger generation in choosing a place to invest in state-owned banks. The research method used is descriptive-quantitative, using secondary data as the main material for statistical analysis. The results showed that all state-owned banks were in good condition, the lowest share price was Bank BTN, the highest share price was Bank Mandiri, and the highest profits were Bank Mandiri and Bank BNI. The bank that pays the highest dividend is Bank BRI. The younger generation who are risk averse, want to try investing, and have small capital, are suitable for investing in Bank BTN. If you dare and want big profits, it's better to invest in Bank Mandiri or Bank BNI. But if you want to focus and get big dividends, Bank BRI is the right choice. It cannot be denied that if you want to get big profits, you must be willing to take big risks (High-Risk High Return).
 Keywords: Investments, stocks, dividends, banks, the millennial generation.

Analysis of the Effect of Capital Adequacy Ratio (Car), Non-Performing Loan (Npl), and Operating Cost Operating Income (Bopo), Net Interest Margin (Nim) to Loan to Deposit Ratio (Ldr) of State-Owned Banks in Indonesia

A bank is an institution with a financial intermediation function that has the authority to raise public funds and also distribute money in the form of loans and other financial services. The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR) on Loan to Deposit Ratio (LDR) at State-Owned Banks in Indonesia, 2015 – 2019 and to analyze the effect of Non-Performing Loans (NPL) on Loan to Deposit Ratio (LDR) at State-Owned Banks in Indonesia, 2015 – 2019. This study is a quantitative study. This study uses a hypothesis testing design which is a design aimed at testing the influence between variables where in this case the variables tested are factors that affect bank financial performance. Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR) has a positive but not significant influence on the Loan to Deposit Ratio (LFR) at state-owned banks in Indonesia in the 2015-2019 period. Non-Performing Loans (NPL) have a negative and significant influence on the Loan to Deposit Ratio (LFR) at state-owned banks in Indonesia in the 2015-2019 period. Operating Costs to Operating Income (BOPO) have a positive and significant influence on the Loan to Deposit Ratio (LFR) of state-owned banks in Indonesia in the 2015-2019 period.

Faktor-Faktor Yang Memengaruhi Nilai Perusahaan Dengan Risiko Kredit Sebagai Pemoderasi

The price that investors are prepared to pay for a business's stock is a good indicator of the firm's value, and hence the stock market price is a good indicator of the value of the company. The CGPI, ROA, NIM, and NPL are just a few examples of parameters that will be investigated in order to ascertain the degree to which they have an impact on PBV. In this line of investigation, we make use of the common effect model in conjunction with the panel data regression technique. The research sample is State-Owned Banks in Indonesia, specifically Bank Negara Indonesia (BBNI), Bank Rakyat Indonesia (BBRI), Bank Tabungan Negara (BBTN) and Bank Mandiri (BMRI). The period from 2011 to 2020 will be examined by the research. According to the findings, CGPI, ROA, and NIM each have a considerable influence on PBV that is both positive and beneficial. It has been established that the variable NPL moderates by lowering the influence that CGPI has on PBV. On the other hand, it has not been demonstrated that the variables ROA and NIM moderate. This is because the NPL number, despite having increased, is still regarded to be within the tolerance limit, making it an acceptable risk despite the fact that it has increased.

EFFECT OF FINANCIAL RATIOS ON PROFITABILITY

The global economic phenomenon that occurred eventually had an impact on ASEAN countries, especially in Indonesia. Such as the tightening of monetary policy carried out by the United States and also the trade war between the United States and China. This study aims to determine the effect of the Loan to Deposit Ratio (LDR), Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR) and Operational Cost of Operating Income (BOPO) on Return On Assets (ROA) at BUMN Bank Indonesia 2010-2019. Due to the small and narrow population of 4 banks, the sample is only 4 state-owned banks in Indonesia and the sampling technique used in this study is saturated sampling method. The statistical analysis used is descriptive analysis and verification analysis using multiple linear regression analysis, t test and F test. Based on the results of the analysis, it is found that LDR has no effect on ROA, CAR has no effect on ROA and BOPO has a significant negative effect on ROA. The Adjusted R Square value is 0.816. This shows that the independent variables in this study (LDR, CAR and BOPO) have an effect of 81.6% on the dependent variable (ROA) while 18.4% are influenced by other factors not examined.