Status Of Solid Waste Management Research Articles

Supply Chain Analysis of Municipal Solid Waste Released in Hetauda Sub-Metropolitan City of Nepal

In Nepal, solid waste management is one of the major environmental issues, especially in the urban areas. While solid waste management (SWM) has become a major concern for municipalities and the country as a whole, the status of SWM is not fully understood due to the lack of SWM baseline data, which are also essential for effective planning. Such a back drop, this research attempts to assess the plastic waste released, management and recycling in supply chain in Hetauda Sub-Metropolitan City. This study revealed that about 83.8% households segregate their waste. None of the surveyed households have had public waste collection bin nearby their home whereas all households have had knowledge on solid waste management. About 63% HHs heard of importance of plastic waste recycling and all express their readiness to segregate the plastic solid waste if recycling program is set up in municipal area. Per capita waste generation per day is 141 gm out of which about 15% is plastic waste. On an average daily waste released at household level are 0.8 kg/HH which is 28.1 kg per institution. Total wastes release per day from Hetauda city is 27.4 MT and 10006.8 MT per year. About 931 MT plastic per year are gone in dumping sites in the Hetauda Sub-Metropolitan City. This study suggests that municipal office needs to develop an appropriate policy and strategy framework together with technical guidelines on key issues such as organic composting, recycling and landfill operation from dumping sites. Int. J. Soc. Sc. Manage. Vol. 11, Issue-3: 34-42.

An Assessment of Waste Management in Slum Communities in Freetown. It’s Implications on the Health and Safety of Inhabitants

Purpose: The study objective is to assess the state of Solid Waste Management (SWM) in slum communities in Freetown, its factors and effects on the safety and wellbeing of slum dwellers together with the challenges faced by authorities in combatting inadequate SWM system in slum and to provide recommendations with regards to interventions to promote adequate waste management in slums.
 Materials and Methods: The study took place in three slum areas around Freetown in Sierra Leone. A total sample size of 400 respondents comprising of household heads were selected. A self-administered structured questionnaire was given to a total of 400 respondents of household heads above eighteen years old. Only 392 of the 400 respondents that were initially targeted for the study completed their questionnaires at the end of the survey. The data collected was presented in tables and statistical analytical techniques or methods such as percentages and graphs were used to analyse the data and to find out the factors, effects and challenges associated with inappropriate solid waste management services in slum areas in Freetown.
 Findings: According to the study, it was found that the major categories of waste generated in households were biodegradable and food (39%) while plastic remains (31%). Most households stored their wastes in polythene bags (59.1%) and sacks (20.2%) before disposal and 10.3% of the households did not have waste storage containers and kept their wastes outside the house in the open. Poor knowledge in waste segregation practices with very minimal recycling, reuse of wastes and a resultant poor waste management system were observed in slum communities. The study helps provide a much-needed data on solid waste management (SWM) in Freetown for authorities and other stakeholders as there are limited sources of data on waste management in Sierra Leone. It also provides further literature on waste management issues for further research, policy development by the authorities and recommendations for best practice by communities and stakeholders.
 Implications to Practice and Policy: It was recommended that waste management should be prioritized as a social service, with adequate budget lines. Engage several stakeholders in the management of waste to generate a sense of responsibility and interest from all stakeholders.

Solid Waste Management in Luang Prabang Capital Lao PDR

Effective solid waste management is necessary to prevent the spread of diseases and to maintain a clean and healthy living environment. Additionally, proper waste management practices can help reduce pollution and protect the local ecosystem. Therefore, this study emphasizes two main objectives: a) To investigate the current state of solid waste management (SWM) in the capital city of Luang Prabang. b) The satisfaction and needs of people regarding solid waste management (SWM) in the Luang Prabang. The study analysed both qualitative and quantitative data to assess the current state of SWM and the satisfaction and needs of the people. The study identifies several challenges in SWM, including lack of funding, low awareness and poor waste collection and disposal practices. A study was conducted in Luang Prabang, Laos to investigate the satisfaction and needs of people regarding solid waste management (SWM). The study found that the satisfaction level of people regarding the quality of service in managing and disposing of urban waste in the city of Prabang is moderate. The study also found that the needs of the people in terms of service quality in the management and disposal of waste at the urban service office in Prabang have many requirements compared to the current situation. The study’s findings can be used to develop a plan to improve the SWM system in Luang Prabang and meet the needs of the people. The majority of respondents were satisfied with the physical aspects and level of care and attention provided by the SWM system, but not with its performance. The majority of respondents expressed the need for improvements to the SWM system, such as the need for more waste sorting bins and the need for more waste collection staff. In addition, this study found that people in different areas have different levels of satisfaction with the service. Those who are aware of the waste problem are more satisfied with the service than those who are not aware of the problem.

Assessment of urban solid waste management in a Class II Indian city using geospatial and statistical approaches: A case study of Rampurhat municipality

Illegal dumping has emerged as a significant concern in the context of urban solid waste management, posing a considerable challenge for municipal authorities. It is crucial to manage municipal solid waste (MSW) in an environmentally sustainable and health-conscious manner to avoid negative effects on human society, ecological problems, and wasting valuable resources. This research examines the state of solid waste management, the geographic distribution of illegal dumpsites, and the variables contributing to these phenomena. Study reveals that Rampurhat Municipality has ineffective waste management and treatment, lacking 44.60% of the necessary labour resources and 95% and 72% of the necessary vehicles for secondary waste transportation, respectively. This ineffectiveness has led to fly tipping, with a clustered distribution pattern with an observed mean distance of 78.8784 m. Factor analysis revealed two elements that significantly affect the frequency of illegal dumpsites. A new composite component was created using the highest factor loading of the rotated component matrix, revealing that the northern part of the study area is highly affected by this new component, while the central and western part is least affected. The newly built model is statistically significant, with an R2 value of 0.874 and p-values of the predicting variables below 0.05. These findings will be useful to higher authorities, local administration, and policymakers in addressing fly tipping by implementing sustainable solid waste management practices.

Assessment of Solid Waste Management Practices and Role of Community Participation in Mettu Town, Ethiopia

Solid waste management has become a major public health and environmental concern in urban areas of Ethiopia. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the status of the existing solid waste management and to assess the attitude and role of the community in Mettu town. In order to accomplish these objectives, both primary and secondary data were gathered and analyzed by descriptive statistics. The sample size included of 96 members of households, business owners, kebele leaders, municipal workers, solid waste collectors and health extension workers who were selected randomly. Based on the data that generated from the respondents municipal solid waste management system is very weak in terms of status, spatial coverage, community involvement, and solid waste management facility. Among 96 about 84 (87.5%) respondents are not satisfied with the existing solid waste management. The communities participate very careless to clean their front yards, street and see it as the responsibility of the municipality. This poor status of solid waste management is intensified by poor contribution of stakeholders. Therefore, the government should be engaged in awareness creation and training all communities and stakeholders to upgrade the existing low status of solid waste management services in Mettu town.

Application of the DPSIR model to assess the current status of solid waste management in Binh Hoa, Thuan An, Binh Dương province

Through analysis of the DPSIR model, combined with research methods such as field surveys, and survey questionnaires, the author has given the following results: The amount of waste is increasing; Not paying attention to the classification at source, Solid waste collection is still limited; Environmental quality is degraded due to the stench caused by domestic waste in some neighborhoods; The soil environment is polluted due to solid waste treatment that is difficult to decompose; Surface water and groundwater are also leaked due to leachate, wastewater from landfills; The polluted environment has, directly and indirectly, affected the health and production and business activities of the people in the ward, degraded the ecosystem, and lost the urban beauty. The author has proposed solutions to reduce environmental pollution caused by domestic waste such as population policy, establishing collection groups, craft village planning, and applying the circular green model in economic development.

Solid waste market: cross-country analysis

Intensive consumption of natural resources causes man-made changes in the environment, which result in deteriorating living conditions and threaten the existence of human civilization. Today, the problem of environmental pollution is an environmental catastrophe of a global nature that needs to be urgently addressed. To identify the factors influencing the state of solid waste management in different countries, several indicators were selected that describe the environmental situation, its level of economic development, education, and comprehensive development of society. The built regression models and the interpretation of their parameters indicate the need to consider three elements of the strategy to improve the management of solid waste: 1) promoting economic development, including innovative waste processing technologies; 2) improving the legal framework for the industry; 3) raising the educational level and environmental awareness of the country’s population.

Status of solid waste generation in municipal corporation cities of Maharashtra in India: a review

Generation of municipal solid waste to manage is a major environmental issue in Maharashtra. Due to rapid increase in industrialization, urbanization and population growth, the generation rate of municipal solid waste in Maharashtrian cities and towns also increased. Mishandling of municipal solid waste can cause adverse environmental impacts, public health risks and other socio-economic problems. Present investigation has been carried out to study the altering tendencies of quantity and features of municipal solid waste. The changing pattern of waste composition highlights the importance of isolation for effective process of waste management amenities. Municipal experts should maintain the storing facilities in such a way that they do not generate unhygienic and contaminated situations. A fresh survey would be carried out on the generation and characterization of municipal solid waste in Maharashtra. Subsequently, the municipal solid waste is varied in nature, many samples must be collected and examined to obtain statistically reliable consequences. This overview on status of solid waste management in Maharashtrian cities in India will be beneficial for the competent authorities responsible for municipal solid waste management and researchers to prepare more resourceful strategies.

Solid Waste Management a Case Study of Ajmer

Human population is increasing day by day. So human generated waste is also increasing day by day. The solid waste of Ajmer consist of house hold (residential ) waste,garbage, biomedical waste, Polythene waste ,market waste , rural & urban slum . Ajmer is famous for Khwaja Mouinuddin Chisty Dargah and International Pushkar fair and Brahma Temple. In the present paper solid waste status of city was studied. 260 TPD solid waste is generated from 60 wards in Ajmer city. Ajmer has population of 614,000. Area 8481 sq km. Makhupura, Narirabad road, 9-10 km away from Ajmer city, in 319 acres, dumping is done from 1998.before that dumping ground was near Janana hospital 360542 cubic metre solid waste was there near Makhupura dumping site. Waste was dumped in unsystematic way big garbage piles were there.disposed without segregation, no treatment. Now disposal will be done in scientific manner. According to CPCB solid management rules, 27.24 acre land will be reclaimed by biomining. Now occasional incineration is seen in some areas. No proper disposal facility has been provided for the municipal solid waste. Human activity generates considerable amount of solid waste. The nature of waste varies depending upon the kind of activity. Municipal and biomedical wastes are the major solid wastes contributed from the urban centre, Ajmer. Ajmer has Dargah of Khwaja Mounuddin Chishty, a pilgrimage centre for muslims of the world, and Pushkar pilgrimage for the Hindus of the world. The study was carried out to understand the present status of solid waste management of the city. The total quantity of solid waste generated in the city is around 950 TPD (tons per day) with a per capita generation of 0.35 kg. Sporadic incineration is very common and no proper disposal facility has been provided for the municipal solid waste.

The state of solid waste management for sustainable development in India: Current state and future potential

India now produces the largest garbage globally, which is projected to grow further by 2050 unless immediate action to be taken. During industrial, mining, municipal, agricultural and other activities, significant solid waste volumes are produced yearly. To protect the environment, different trash is recycled and used in value-added applications. In recent years, advancements in solid waste management have led in the creation of alternative construction materials that may be used to replace traditional building materials such as bricks and blocks; tiles and aggregate; ceramics; cement; lime; soils; wood and paint. It is essential to fully document all of the chemical, physical, technical, thermal, mineralogical, and morphologic properties of these waste materials. As a result, the effort should inspire entrepreneurs and building agencies to create new products and methods that utilise all of these wastes as raw materials for secondary industries, thus reducing greenhouse gases and global warming.The objective of this research is to demonstrate the manner in which non-hazardous and hazardous solid wastes are processed, as well as the capacity for recycling. Also, this research studies India's solid waste management problems and proposes possible solutions. Attempts are being made to recycle different waste materials and utilise them in value-added applications to preserve the environment. In order to do this, the study's objective is to conduct a thorough investigation of India's present supply and demand of non-hazardous and hazardous solid wastes, and the possibility of recycling and environmental impact.

CURRENT STATE OF SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT AND PROSPECTS OF ECOLOGICALLY FOCUSED DEVELOPMENT OF THE REGION

The article deals with current issues of the modern state of solid waste management of industrial regions of Ukraine and identifies prospects for their environmentally friendly development. It was argued that it is appropriate to draw attention to the optimization of recycling and disposal of solid waste, taking into account the peculiarities of regional policy on the modernization of solid waste treatment at the existing ones as well as new landfills. It was also noted that an integral part of the regional development strategy is the diagnosis of solid waste management in cities of Ukraine as well as finding optimal ways to recycle waste, which is an alternative source of energy, and a supplier of additional raw materials for the national economy. The consequences of irrational policy on storage, disposal, processing and utilization of solid waste against the background of problems related to the low level of welfare of the population were highlited. It was noted that traditional waste disposal does not completely prevent the negative effects of decomposition, such as rot and fermentation, which have a negative impact on the environment: pollution of soils, groundwater, affects the functioning of ecosystems, harms agriculture. It has been established that the main barriers to improving the efficiency of the solid waste management system are the lack of established norms on the right of ownership of waste and a clear definition of responsibility for their disposal or recycling. The study confirms that the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of solid waste generation in Ukraine still differ from those of developed countries. However, these differences are rapidly decreasing. Emphasis was made on the fact that in many respects the initial conditions in Ukraine are similar to those of the EU, which, given the success of European models of administrative management, will have a positive effect on the application in Ukraine given the local context..

Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the current status of solid waste management in India

Managing Solid Waste is always a challenge for any developing nations due to poor infrastructure and awareness. The emergency situation due to COVID-19 pandemic has shifted the dynamics of solid waste generation globally. However, its impact varies from developed world to developing nation. Multiple knowledge gaps exist regarding the containment of waste during pandemic situation in developing nation. For overcoming health crisis, a multifaceted coordinated approach between civic authorities, policymakers and scientific community is required. Therefore, present review article highlights the challenges associated with solid waste management and role of policymakers in combating pandemic strategically.

Status, characterization, and quantification of municipal solid waste as a measure towards effective solid waste management: The case of Dilla Town, Southern Ethiopia

ABSTRACT This study aims to assess the status of solid waste management (SWM) practice and to characterize and quantify the municipal solid waste as a measure toward effective management in Dilla town Southern Ethiopia. Formal surveys of household residents and SWM operators using a structured questionnaire were conducted to gather data on the current waste management practices of the inhabitants. Repeated field investigations, on-site waste segregation, characterizations, and quantification were conducted. The average per-capita waste generation rate of residential households was found to be 0.475 kg/capita.day. The majority of the waste was organic (68.40% by weight). The recyclable waste accounts 1.90% plastics and 1.50% paper by weight. Whereas, other wastes account 0.30% metals, 0.30% glass, 0.50% leather and rubber, 19.60% inert, 0.96% textiles, and 6.90% miscellaneous by weight. The awareness of inhabitants on solid waste management, poor household waste segregation practice, and disposing of an unsanitary landfill are revealing the main solid waste management problems faced. Other SWM barriers include ineffective solid waste fee system, lack of trained manpower, inappropriate collection routes; unavailability of collection vehicles, illegal solid waste disposal, and inappropriate setting of community containers. From the results of this study, it can be concluded that organic waste constituted a lion share of the solid wastes generated in the town. Hence, the municipality can recover this waste by introducing integrated urban agriculture that might convert this waste to organic fertilizer through composting. To boost SWM, creating public awareness, providing equipment, provision of incentives and other financial policies, and other supplies currently lacking and inappropriate must be provided. The municipal authorities of the town may use this work as a benchmark and might push environmental protection authorities to reexamine the implementation of their policies and strategies with relation to the human and environmental health of the town. Implications: Nowadays, urban population is increasing in developing countries; led to generate an enormous amount of municipal waste in the areas which make more complicate its management pose environmental pollution and threat public health. Thus, to curve these problems this study finding will be important for various policymakers and town municipality. This study may also serve as a benchmark for the municipal authorities of Dilla town for whom the problem is still unseen and negligible, and can push environmental protection authorities to re-examine the implementation of their policies and strategies with regard to the wider issues of human and environmental health conditions of town inhabitants.

The current status of solid waste management and public awareness : A case study of Sivasagar Town, Assam (India)

The current status of solid waste management and public awareness : A case study of Sivasagar Town, Assam (India)

From public to private solid waste management: Stakeholders’ perspectives on private-public solid waste management in Lobatse, Botswana

Upon the realization that urban areas can only achieve sustainable solid waste management systems through an interplay of partnerships and stakeholders, developing countries have geared themselves towards the privatization of waste management services in efforts to reduce costs and improve efficiency. Lobatse, a town located in the south of Botswana, faces the increasing challenges of poor waste management due to the lack of finances and resources available to the Lobatse Town Council, which hinders efforts towards a sustainable waste management system. This has negative implications for public health and the environment, as a result of solid waste pollution from littering and the illegal dumping of waste. This work examines the current state of solid waste management and its challenges in Lobatse, within the context of the interplay between public and private solid waste management. The study aims to perform a social exploration of the efficiency of waste management services, considering the political economy and households’ perceptions towards these services. Key stakeholders were interviewed and a social survey of 222 households was conducted to generate primary data. The findings indicate that the involvement of the private sector yielded positive outcomes, as it increased the solid waste collection frequency and improved the quality of the waste management service. Most of the stakeholders were in favor of privatization, and the households were satisfied and willing to contribute towards the cost recovery of solid waste management. It is, therefore, recommended to promote and establish a private-public-community partnership in the town to improve the quality of the waste management system.

‘Wasteaware’ Indicators: an Assessment of the Current Solid Waste Management System in Lahore, Pakistan

The present status of solid waste management reviewed into this article based in Lahore, Pakistan. Following UN-Habitat city profiling with involved systematic quantitative, qualitative assessment, governance features of the present waste management includes in and shows the present system, waste collection, transportation is the main concentration and producing 74,000 tons year-1 of organic compost. Lahore waste management system (LWMC) is low in their target market consulted in decision making (inclusivity) and bad performance (governance features). Formal waste management system having backward of the informal system, which is absolutely inconsistent with current waste management systems. Watchful arranging and organization proposed here to reduce the trouble by integrating informal waste management system into formal waste management system for shared advantages. The integrated sustainable waste management (ISWM) indicators used for different levels of income class and LWMC performance in Lahore. Recommendation builds for the public awareness for recycling and to make the integrating informal sector sustainable system and fill the historical data gap.

Assessment of status of solid waste management in Asella town, Ethiopia

BackgroundImproper solid waste management (SWM) is a major public health and environmental concern in the urban areas of many developing countries such as Asella Town. The aim of this study was to assess the status of SWM in Asella town.MethodsA community-based cross-sectional study design was used to assess the status of improper SWM and associated factors in Asella town. From the total of eight kebeles (smallest administrative unit in Ethiopia) four kebeles were randomly selected using lottery method. The sample size was 413 households. The households were proportionally allocated to each randomly selected kebeles. The data was collected by pretested questionnaire in the local language. Data was entered using statistical software Epi Info version seven and transferred to SPSS version 21. Descriptive data analysis was done to summarize the socioeconomic status of the respondents. Chi-square was used to show the association between the status of solid waste management and different variables. Binary logistic regression was used to determine the potential factors for improper SWM.Result332 (82.8%), had improper solid waste management practice. Lack of adequate knowledge about solid waste management and not having access to door to door solid waste collection could have contributed to the reported improper solid waste practice. Participants who didn’t have access to door to door solid waste collection service were about three times more likely to practice improper solid waste management when compared to those who had access (AOR = 2.873, 95 CI (1.565,5.273) P = 0.001).ConclusionThe study finding showed that, the majority of the residents practiced improper solid waste management. Lack of adequate knowledge about solid waste management and not having access to door to door solid waste collection could have contributed to the reported improper solid waste practice. Therefore, there is a need to enhance the awareness of the community about proper SWM and to improve the door to door solid waste collection service by the town municipality.

Systems analysis of municipal solid waste management and recycling system in east Africa: benchmarking performance in Kigali city, Rwanda

This study assessed the current status of solid waste management (SWM) in the City of Kigali (CoK), the capital city of Rwanda. This assessment was done using systems analysis methodology of “wasteaware” benchmark indicators for integrated sustainable waste management in cities. This method of assessing helps to assess the Municipal Solid Waste Management (MSWM) in a city according to its physical components and governance features. Data were collected during a 6-month period from May to October 2017, but verification took other four months (Up to February 2018). Data were obtained from official reports, legal documents, and interviews with key personnel and operators and also from official and unofficial dumpsites visits. In CoK, approximately 232,870 tons of MSW is generated per year, MSW collection and transportation is done by private companies but the only dumpsite present in Kigali is fully controlled by the City of Kigali. Residents pay waste collectors according to their social classes and their locations. There is no official recycling system; recycling activities are informally performed by private companies and some wastes, like plastic bottles, are taken to Uganda and Tanzania to be recycled. This study found that the recycling rate was 10% contrarily to the 2% which is recorded by official sources. This study has contributed by filling the gap in literature on waste management for the city of Kigali and it recommends that the Government represented by the CoK should do more in terms of investing in SWM and creating a relationship between private waste collectors and local communities, and the private sector should be mobilized to invest in SWM activities.

Solid Waste Management in Urban India: Imperatives for Improvement

Existing solid waste collection, transport and disposal systems are mired in turmoil across India. In cities where fast-growing populations produce more and more solid garbage than urban local bodies (ULBs) are unable to efficiently handle, the issue is more severe. Unfair solid waste management presents environmental and public health concerns. This study examines the status of solid waste management in India and recommends that many problems be solved.

Introduction of the circular economy within developing regions: A comparative analysis of advantages and opportunities for waste valorization

The introduction of effective solid waste management strategies in developing countries should be considered for improving sustainability at global level. Many barriers should be overcome, concerning the introduction of environmental policies, effective investments, social inclusion and public awareness, which are significant issues in low-middle income countries. The Circular Economy could represent the answer for improving current solid waste management activities worldwide, since denote the principle of waste valorization and recycling for boosting developing economies. This paper is focused on this theme, analyzing main opportunities for improving the current state of solid waste management in developing big cities. The solid waste management of two countries are reviewed: Romania is the emerging country where Circular Economy is becoming a future objective due to economic aids and strength regulations which the European Union (EU) established for the nations forming parts the alliance; as a comparison, Bolivia is reported for evaluating main differences founded for developing recycling systems in a no-EU country. These two case studies could be of interest for highlighting main pros and cons of the participation into a wide organization like the EU for introducing in short terms Circular Economy principles. Moreover, a theoretical Circular Economy model for developing big cities in low-middle income countries is described within the study for effectively comparing which chances can spread for these countries as regard municipal solid waste exploitation. Despite the economic level, Romania and Bolivia are both facing with many solid waste management issues although in different magnitude. For the Romanian case study, it is visible how it cannot achieve the European goals for 2020 due the need of change in public recycling behavior. Bolivia, instead, represents the case where international aids and new investments are required, considering the informal sector into the formal management system as a real opportunity for improving local recycling rate. In conclusion, the comparison suggests how external supports led to implement the principles of the Circular Economy within a developing region. The model of Circular Economy proposed is recommended for developing big cities in order to advance a new form of safe employment, encouraging the activities that are still in action (i.e. informal sector) and boosting the principles of sustainable development.