State Of Kelantan Research Articles

Knowledge and attitude regarding obstructive sleep apnoea among medical and dental practitioners working in North-Eastern Peninsular Malaysia: A comparative cross-sectional study.

Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) is a temporary airflow obstruction during periods of sleep. Patients with OSA often suffer from poor work performance, compromised sleep quality, and low quality of life which may lead to a life-threatening event. Adequate knowledge and a positive attitude toward OSA among medical and dental practitioners are crucial to the initial diagnosis and treatment. This study aimed to identify the differences in knowledge and attitude toward OSA between medical and dental practitioners working in North-Eastern Peninsular Malaysia. A comparative cross-sectional study was performed from February 2020 to February 2021. A total of fifty-two medical practitioners and fifty-two dental practitioners working at university-based outpatient clinics, government health clinics, and oral health clinics located in Kelantan State of Malaysia participated in the study, and data were collected by the structured questionnaire including sociodemographic inquiry and OSAKA questionnaire by non-probability stratified random sampling. The Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare knowledge and attitude scores between the two groups. The mean age of the respondents was 34.6 years. The current study shows that 92.3% of medical doctors and 96.1% of dental doctors were able to correctly answer the question "Most of the patients with OSA snore" a significant finding in our study. Only 1% of medical professionals could answer seventeen questions correctly with a median score of 11, and only 1% of dental professionals could answer sixteen questions correctly with a median score of 9. None of them could provide an accurate answer to all the knowledge questions. Medical and dental practitioners exhibited different knowledge levels on OSA (z- statistics=-4.39, U = 827.00 with p < 0.05, and effect size, r = 0.61). However, no significant differences were found in total knowledge score by gender (p-value>0.05), ethnicity (p-value>0.05), total service years (p-value>0.05), and training attended. In addition, significant differences in attitude levels between medical and dental practitioners have been observed (z-statistics=-3.42, U = 725.00 with p < 0.05, and effect size, r = 0.47). Nevertheless, no significant differences have been seen in total attitude score by ethnicity (p-value > 0.05), total service years (p-value > 0.05), attending training on OSA (p-value > 0.05), and professional status (p-value > 0.05) except gender (p-value < 0.05). A Significant difference is evident concerning knowledge and attitude toward OSA diagnosis and management between medical and dental practitioners working in North-Eastern Peninsular Malaysia. Medical practitioners in this study recorded a higher knowledge and attitude score compared to dental practitioners.

Physiological Profiles of Male Adolescents in Kelantan, Malaysia Practicing Taekwondo and Wushu.

Martial arts training is beneficial for improving physical fitness but the improvements can vary according to the type of martial art performed. This study investigated lung function, aerobic and anaerobic capacity, flexibility, muscular strength and power among male adolescents who were sedentary or who practiced taekwondo or wushu. A total of 30 male adolescents living in the Kelantan state in Malaysia who were between 14 years old and 20 years old were enrolled and divided into three groups: i) sedentary (control), ii) taekwondo and iii) wushu. Each participant underwent a lung function test, 20 m shuttle run, Wingate anaerobic test and a Sit and Reach test, as well as tests of standing long jump power, handgrip, back and leg strength. Relative to the sedentary control group, the wushu group had significantly higher values than the sedentary control group for fat free mass (P = 0.047), explosive leg power (P < 0.001), aerobic capacity (P < 0.001), forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) (P = 0.021) and Wingate anaerobic capacity (P < 0.05). The taekwondo group also showed significantly greater values than the sedentary control group for explosive leg power (P = 0.018), forced vital capacity (FVC) (P = 0.014) and FEV1 (P < 0.001). The wushu group exhibited significantly higher explosive leg power (P = 0.010) and Wingate anaerobic capacity parameters including mean power (P = 0.001), anaerobic capacity (P < 0.001) and anaerobic power (P = 0.002) than the taekwondo group. Engagement of male adolescents in wushu and taekwondo was associated with improved physiological profiles compared to those who were in the sedentary control group. Practice of wushu could result in greater explosive leg power and anaerobic capacities than taekwondo.

Pesticide usage and working practices among farmers working in small-scale farms Kelantan State,Malaysia.

Pesticide usage and working practices among farmers working in small-scale farms Kelantan State,Malaysia.

Exceptions to the Abolition of Chinese Indenture: Chinese workers on rubber estates in Interwar British Malaya

ABSTRACT In a 1931 report investigating the status of labourers in British colonies, the Colonial Office declared that the system of indenture had been abolished across Malaya. This claim belied the realities of labour practices on the ground. On plantations, mines and in colonial homes, Chinese workers continued to labour under formal indenture and to endure indenture-like practices well into 1930s. This article explores the slow decline of Chinese indenture in Malaya, concentrating on the rubber industry in the Unfederated Malay State of Kelantan during the interwar years. The Chinese migrant workers that were brought to Kelantan in that era signed contracts for one year with the terms of the contract enforced by colonial administrators. These workers endured poor working conditions and high death rates. Those that sought to escape faced criminal conviction and punishments including fines and incarnation. By showing the continuation of indenture in Kelantan, this article challenges the assumption made by historians that Chinese indenture had ended globally by the early 1920s. It also develops new understandings of the fragmentary and complex process of abolition.

Contributing Factors of Fraud Intention Behavior: A Case of Royal Malaysian Police

This study aims to investigate the factors that contribute to fraud intention. Underpinned by the Fraud Triangle Theory, with additional religiosity factor being included, this study conducted a questionnaire-based survey on 190 police officials in the state of Kelantan, Malaysia. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, factor analysis, and cross-sectional regression. The study found statistically significant positive relationships between opportunity and rationalization with fraud intention. However, the element pressure has no significant relationship with fraud intention. Additionally, this study revealed that religiosity was negatively significant and correlated with fraud intention. Such discoveries are useful for various core organisations in developing policies to minimize cases of fraudulent.

Čimbenici rizika i učestalost mišićno-koštanih tegoba radnika pri radu u tehnici batika uzrokovanih položajem tijela i rada mišića ruku

The batik industry as one of Malaysian cultural heritage is mainly located on the East Coast of Malaysia, particularly in the states of Kelantan and Terengganu. Most of the industry is home-based. Hence, the traditional batik work environment and tasks impose threats to the well-being of the artisans. This study investigates ergonomic issues and the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders in two of Kelantan’s batik industries. The artisans’ natural working postures and the environments of the two places were observed and video recorded. Muscle activations on the wrist of the artisan doing the paint (canting) were imitated. Surface electromyography (sEMG) investigations were performed in the laboratory. A questionnaire survey was also distributed among craftsmen and artisans involved in the batik industry in Kelantan. Results illustrate evidence of the need to educate batik industries on ergonomic risk factors. According to the survey of 33 respondents, the most affected body parts are the waist (60%), back and feet (57%). The walkthroughs and site visits showed that batik making process demands awkward postures which include standing, precision handling of hand tools, trunk bending &amp; rotating and overreaching repetitively between 4 to 8 hours. The Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA) index obtained from the assessments ranges from 7-8. It was also shown from the sEMG data that trunk bending affects muscle contraction of the wrist during painting movement. Therefore, immediate interventions are required to improve batik artisans’ postural working conditions, especially on the neck, trunk, legs, wrists and arms.

TRAINING PROCEDURE OF VOCAL MIMICRY BIRD, COMMON MYNA (ACRIDOTHERES TRISTIS) BY LOCAL TRAINERS IN KELANTAN, MALAYSIA

Acridotheres tristis, or common myna or Indian myna is a bird species that can mimic human words and sounds around them. Local trainers used to teach the common myna in the State of Kelantan to mimic the words taught using several training procedures. This study aims to determine whether the training procedures used by local trainers have helped in the training process, and the factors that affect the mimicry process for this species are also highlighted. Interview sessions were conducted in nine districts in the State of Kelantan to collect data from local trainers from November 2021 until May 2022. This study utilised the Kruskal-Wallis test to analyse the significant difference in training time among different training procedures and different types of food and water for common myna. The results indicated that the training procedures used by local trainers have affected the training time of this species (p ≤ 0.05). The mean value of training time for other scrape techniques is the lowest, which is considered the best training method in training common myna to mimic the words. The second highest mean value is none scraping methods, followed by scraping tongue using Lalang, which has the highest mean value. In addition, the types of food and water given to common myna by the local trainers during the training procedure did not show a significant difference in training time. Keywords: Mimic, Acridotheres tristis, common myna, training procedure, local trainer. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

Productivity of the Common as Property in the Context of the Symbolic Propertization of Indigenous Knowledge: The Biopolitics of Traditional Malay Wau Bulan and Wau Kucing Kelantanese Kite Making as State Symbolic Property

This essay examines factors responsible for the increase of productivity in traditional Malay wau bulan and wau kucing kite-making, indigenous to the Malaysian state of Kelantan and appropriated by the state as a common biopolitical production and symbolic property. This increase in productivity means increased accessibility of the commons among the community, achieved through state economic support and efforts by the community and state to promote the kite-making craft. Such increased productivity contradicts Michael Hardt’s reasoning that property’s productivity is usually reduced. Extending Hardt’s theory to Ernesto Laclau’s ideas on the relationship between the particular and the universal, the essay argues that the symbolic propertization of Kelantan kite making does not reflect a distinction between the kites’ qualities as common versus symbolic property. Input from selected authoritative kite-making practitioners and recent cultural memory shows that the Kelantan community benefits economically from the state’s appropriation of its traditional kites.

Book Review ‘ Thalassaemia Module’

Thalassemia is a hereditary blood disorder (genetic disease) that interferes with the formation of normal red blood cells. Thalassemia patients produce red blood cells that is easily broken or destroyed in the blood. Deficiencies normal red blood cells will cause the patient often appear pale due to low hemoglobin levels (anaemia). Red blood cells supply oxygen to tissues in the humans’ body. This lack of red blood cells results in the Thalassemia patient feels lethargic, lifeless and may be short of breath if the hemoglobin level is decreasing. This book explains about Thalassemia disease, list important facts about Thalassemia disease, stating the physical characteristics of Thalassemia patients, list the signs and symptoms of Thalassemia disease, states treatment for Thalassemia patients in general, explain preventive measures and describe Thalassemia disease among teenagers

Book Review ‘Mosque in Islam: History, Role and Position’

Mosque plays an important role in the state of Kelantan. There are five mosques discussed in this book. The first is D’ Raja Long Yunus Mosque or Langgar Mosque. The second is the Sultan Muhammad I Mosque or the Jajahan Jeli Mosque. Third is Sultan Muhammad II Mosque or Telipot Mosque. The fourth is Sultan Muhammad III Mosque or Bandar Pasir Mas Mosque. The fifth is Sultan Mansor Mosque or Kampung Sireh Mosque. The five mosques located in the state of Kelantan are discussed from the perspective of the historical development, namely the date they were built, why they were built, the origin of the mosque name, the location of the mosque, the function of the mosque to the local community, the cost of building the mosque and the management of the mosque. The names of these mosques have their own significance, related to the relationship between Islam, the King and the People in the state of Kelantan.

Dual Vegetation Index Analysis and Spatial Assessment in Kota Bharu, Kelantan using GIS and Remote Sensing

Vegetation serves as an indicator of environmental conditions in ecological classifications. In addition, vegetation index analysis can also benefit farmers and agricultural planners by optimising crop selection and irrigation practices. The spatial distribution of healthy vegetation can increase agricultural productivity. This study focuses on the Kota Bharu district in the state of Kelantan, Malaysia that aims to recognise the vegetation indices Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Green Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (GNDVI). NDVI analysis measures reflected visible and near-infrared light to identify and evaluate living green plants. The Green Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (GNDVI) has a higher saturation threshold and is more sensitive to plant chlorophyll levels than NDVI. This approach works in agricultural environments with dense canopies or advanced crop development. The average accuracy level for NDVI 2023 is 78% while the average accuracy level for GNDVI 2023 is 76%. The value of kappa coefficient for NDVI and GNDVI for 2023 respectively are 0.73 and 0.72 which considered to be acceptable and represents the good correspondence.

Isolation and molecular detection of dengue and chikungunya virus from field-collected adult mosquitoes in Kelantan, Malaysia.

Dengue and chikungunya infections are one of the major health problems that have plagued the human population globally. All dengue virus (DENV) serotypes circulate within Malaysia with particular serotypes dominating in different years/outbreaks. In the state of Kelantan, an increasing number of DENV and chikungunya virus (CHIKV) new cases have been reported, including several deaths. This study aimed to isolate and detect these arboviruses from adult mosquitoes in Kelantan. Adult mo squito samples were collected from January to August 2019 and were identified according to gender, species and locality. The isolation of the virus was done in C6/36 cells. Dengue NS1 antigen was carried out using direct mosquito lysate and mosquito culture supernatant. Detection and serotyping of the DENV was performed using multiplex RT-PCR and CHIKV detection using a one-step RT-PCR assay. Of 91 mosquito pools, four were positive for NS1 antigen comprising two pools (2.2%) of male Ae. albopictus (Pulau Melaka and Kubang Siput) and two pools (2.2%) of Ae. aegypti (Kampung Demit Sungai). DENV 1 was detected in one pool (0.9%) of female Ae. albopictus among 114 tested Aedes pools. Two pools of 114 pools (1.7%) from both male Aedes species were positive with double serotypes, DENV 1 and DENV 2 (Pulau Melaka). However, no pool was positive for CHIKV. The presence of DENV and the main vectors of arboviruses in Kelantan are pertinent indicators of the need to improve vector controls to reduce arbovirus infections among people in the localities.

An Analysis of Practicality for Google Classroom Implementation in Kelantan State Secondary Schools

E-learning, a contemporary technological innovation, is extensively employed in contemporary educational institutions and is recognized by educators. The utilization of information and communication technology (ICT) as an instructional mechanism constitutes an additional pioneering teaching and learning (T&amp;L) approach. The credibility of technology must be ensured in order to effectively augment the current instructional framework. The utilization of Google Classroom as an instructional platform to supplant the conventional physical approach to learning has the potential to establish an educational setting aligned with the demands of the 21st century. The accelerated growth of Google Classroom can be attributed to its distinctive attributes, each of which contributes independently to its efficacy. This research study employs a quantitative research approach that employs a survey methodology utilizing a questionnaire to assist researchers in gathering more precise and high-quality data and information. Issues and Challenges of Using Google Classroom in PdPR are inadequacy of support and exposure, the preparedness of teachers, the preparedness of students, access to the Internet, and the availability of device tools. Several proposed resolutions can be considered in addressing this issue. These include augmenting preparedness through the provision of comprehensive teacher education, fostering cognizance among parents and guardians, fostering cooperative efforts between governmental and private entities, as well as enhancing the capabilities and infrastructure of information and communication technology (ICT) facilities. It is of utmost importance to tackle additional obstacles that emerge in the utilization of this platform in order to alter the instructional regimen. Collaboration among stakeholders in the industry is imperative to guarantee that elementary school pupils are provided with technological resources and receive assistance for remote education.

COMMUNITY EVALUATION OF MOSQUE FACILITIES IMPACTING CONGREGATIONAL PRAYER ATTENDANCE AND IMPLEMENTATION IN MOSQUES IN KELANTAN

Infrastructure is a fundamental service and facility needed for every aspect of development and progress. This includes the mosque's facilities such as prayer spaces, both inside and outside the mosque, cleanliness, and other factors that are crucial for the community to perform congregational prayers in the mosques. However, studies related to mosque infrastructure have received insufficient attention. Therefore, this study aims to assess the level of mosque infrastructure based on the assessment of mosque congregants and the influence of mosque infrastructure on the attendance and implementation of congregational prayers in mosques in the state of Kelantan. A total of 618 data were obtained from mosque congregants in Kelantan, which were analyzed using SPSS and SmartPLS 3.0 software. The study findings indicate that a) the community's assessment of mosque infrastructure is high (M=6.12 to 6.38; SD: 0.940 to 1.113), and b) there is a positive and significant influence of mosque infrastructure on the implementation of congregational prayers in mosques (ß=.711, t=20.974, p&lt;0.01, f2=0.122). Based on the IPMA analysis in PLS, religious activity facilities and equipment are the most important factors of mosque infrastructure that influence the attendance and implementation of congregational prayers in mosques, followed by cleanliness, cheerfulness, and safety of mosque facilities, visitor-friendly mosque facilities, and efficient mosque staff management. These findings demonstrate that all these elements of mosque infrastructure influence the congregants' attendance for performing congregational prayers in mosques in the state of Kelantan. It is recommended that mosque management and relevant authorities prioritize these aspects to encourage more congregants to attend mosques in Kelantan.

Book Review ‘D’raja Kelantan Mosque’ (Malay Version)

Mosque play an important role in the state of Kelantan. There are five mosques discussed in this book. The first is D' Raja Long Yunus Mosque or Langgar Mosque. The second is the Sultan Muhammad I Mosque or the Jajahan Jeli Mosque. Third is Sultan Muhammad II Mosque or Telipot Mosque. The fourth is Sultan Muhammad III Mosque or Bandar Pasir Mas Mosque. The fifth is Sultan Mansor Mosque or Kampung Sireh Mosque. The five mosques located in the state of Kelantan are discussed from the perspective of the historical development, namely the date they were built, why they were built, the origin of the mosque name, the location of the mosque, the function of the mosque to the local community, the cost of building the mosque and the management of the mosque. The names of these mosques have their own significance, related to the relationship between Islam, the King and the People in the state of Kelantan.

PILIHAN RAYA UMUM (PRU) NEGERI DI MALAYSIA 2023: SATU ANALISIS GEOGRAFIKAL DAN SOSIOLOGIKAL

The 2023 General Elections (GE) in the state of Selangor, Negeri Sembilan, Penang, Kelantan, Terengganu and Kedah in Malaysia is an important election to see the impact of GE-15 in 2022 on the parties in the Unity Government namely Pakatan Harapan (PH) and Barisan Nasional (BN) and political parties from Sabah and Sarawak; with and Perikatan Nasional (PN) either continue or create a new pattern. The intended impact is the support pattern of Malay and Chinese voters, as well as the policies or policies of the Unity Government carried out by PMX. Voter support for political parties in the 2023 state election is also influenced by the relationship between voters and other individuals as well as the influence of the environment. Therefore, it is the purpose of writing this article to analyze the geographical and sociological factors in the State General Election in Malaysia in 2023. Based on the data analysis of the State General Election 2023 in Malaysia, observations in the field and analysis of secondary sources such as journal articles and conference papers, the findings of the study show that from a geographical point of view, PH and PN each remain in control of the states they won in GE-14 2018, namely PH remains in control of Penang, Selangor and Negeri Sembilan but with a decrease in seats in rural Malay areas; while PN remains in Kelantan, Terengganu and Kedah. From a sociological point of view, the narrative that "green wave" or "referendum against PH-BN" needs to be rethought and should not be accepted in totality. This article explains that based on the analysis from the sociological and structural dimensions it clearly shows that the results of the 6 State PRN contain different narratives that can be raised and considered, namely the strengthening of the "red wave" and the "referendum of UMNO members" against the UMNO party which is now the main ally. PH-BN in a unity government. Therefore, geographical and sociological factors will continue to influence the direction and pattern of voter support in elections in Malaysia.

Survey on tick infestation in stray dogs in localities of Malaysia

The close relationship between dogs and humans has led to concerns regarding the transmission of zoonotic pathogens through ectoparasites such as ticks. This study aimed to investigate the occurrence of ticks and the intensity on stray dogs with specific risk factors (size, sex, neutering status, body part). Additionally, identifying the predilection sites of ticks on stray dogs was crucial for developing an effective tick control program in Malaysia. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 64 stray dogs from Kelantan and Selangor States. These dogs were subjected to integumentary examinations, collecting 431 ticks comprising Rhipicephalus sanguineus s.l. “tropical lineage” and Haemaphysalis bispinosa from 53 infested dogs. The overall occurrence of tick infestation was 82.81% (53/64), with an average intensity of 8.13 ticks (range: 1–17) per stray dog. All the potential risk factors considered in this study showed no statistically significant result (P value >0.05). The head, ear, and neck were the most preferred attachment sites for ticks. These findings underscore the importance of implementing tick control programs for stray dogs, which serve as reservoirs of ticks and tick-borne pathogens for owned dogs and humans.

Evidence of Submicroscopic Plasmodium knowlesi Mono-Infection in Remote Indigenous Communities in Kelantan, Peninsular Malaysia.

Malaysia has maintained zero cases of indigenous human malaria since 2018. However, zoonotic malaria is still prevalent in underdeveloped areas and hard-to-reach populations. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of malaria among remote indigenous communities in Peninsular Malaysia. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in six settlements in Kelantan state, from June to October 2019. Blood samples were tested for malaria using microscopy and nested polymerase chain reaction (nPCR) targeting the Plasmodium cytochrome c oxidase subunit III (cox3) gene. Of the 1,954 individuals who appeared healthy, no malaria parasites were found using microscopy. However, nPCR revealed seven cases of Plasmodium knowlesi mono-infection (0.4%), and six out of seven infections were in the group of 19 to 40 years old (P = 0.026). No human malaria species were detected by nPCR. Analysis of the DNA sequences also showed high similarity that reflects common ancestry to other P. knowlesi isolates. These findings indicate low submicroscopic P. knowlesi infections among indigenous communities in Malaysia, requiring PCR-based surveillance to support malaria control activities in the country.

Efficacy of Acute Oral Supplementation of Aquilaria malaccensis Leaves Aqueous Extract on Adult Female Sprague Dawley Rat Growth Performance

Aquilaria malaccensis belongs to the Thymelaceae family and is frequently encountered in select states of Peninsular Malaysia, notably Terengganu, Kelantan, Pahang, and Johor. Its favorable pharmacological and nutritional attributes have attracted the attention of experts in the pharmaceutical and food industries. They are currently investigating its potential as an organic substitute herb for the formulation of diverse medicinal commodities. In spite of its growing utilization as a supplementary component, it is crucial to acknowledge that improper or excessive consumption of Aquilaria malaccensis leaf extract might pose a risk of oral toxicity. To evaluate this aspect, an acute study was carried out to investigate both the immediate and delayed toxic repercussions of aqueous extract from Aquilaria malaccensis leaves on rats during a 14-day span.The study involved twenty-four female Sprague Dawley rats, divided into four groups: Control (C); 1 ml of distilled water, Treatment 1 (T1); 1 g of Aquilaria malaccensis per kg of body weight, Treatment 2 (T2); 2 g per kg of body weight, and Treatment 3 (T3); 3 g per kg of body weight. The data were analyzed using appropriate statistical methods; one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) for parametric data and the Chi-Square test for non-parametric data.The results indicated that both T2 and T3 led to a significant increase in the mean weight of the organ (i.e.,ovary) compared to the control group. However, no significant differences were observed among the treatment groups with regard to weekly food intake (WFI), feed conversion ratio (FCR), and body weight gain (BWG) throughout the 14-day acute oral toxicity assessment. In conclusion, this preliminary study involving female rats suggests that doses of Aquilaria malaccensis up to 3 g/kg of body weight do not result in immediate (within 3-4 hours) or delayed toxic effects over a 14-day period, as evidenced by behavioral and physical, and growth parameter assessments (weekly food intake (WFI), feed conversion ratio (FCR), and body weight gain (BWG). The study indicates that exposing the animals to Aquilaria malaccensis aqueous extract at doses of 1 g, 2 g, and 3 g/kg of body weight does not adversely affect their overall condition. No instances of mortality or severe clinical effects were observed in any of the female rats during this acute oral toxicity study.

The use of drone for rice cultivation in Malaysia: Identification of factors influencing its farmers’ acceptance

This study aims to identify factors influencing farmers’ acceptance of the use of drone for rice cultivation in Malaysia. A total of 204 farmers who hired custom operator of drone at rice granaries in Kota Bharu Utara district, Kelantan state of Malaysia were selected as the samples in this study. Face-to-face survey technique was employed to collect data form the sampled farmers. Factor analysis was utilized to examine the scaled responses. The findings of this study have successfully identified 15 factors that have correlation with the farmers’ acceptance of the use of drone in the study area. However, 2 out of 15 factors, namely ‘drone roles’ and ‘drone handling skill’ were highly significant. A rank of these factors was also successfully established from this study. Knowing of these factors is valuable for improving management of the use of drone for rice cultivation that suit to the real-farmers’ environment in efforts of achieving economic and technical satisfactions of the field operation.