State News Research Articles

TV news on Instagram: Affordances, genres, journalistic cultures

TV news programmes use social media intensively to promote and distribute their content. Instagram has become integral in this field, as all major players have their own account and Instagram has become a widely used news source. This article analyzes the news coverage of TV news shows on Instagram as a designed space, asking which genres are used, how they are positioned in regard to the technical and social affordances of the platform, and what implications their form and style have for journalism culture(s). Underpinned by the concepts of platformization, digital mediality, and media affordances, the analysis will focus on the characteristic stylistic forms of Instagram news coverage, comparing the Instagram accounts of six German speaking private and public TV news stations from Switzerland, Germany, and Austria. The corpus includes 100 posts and reels from each account collected in September 2023. The analysis identifies different genre profiles of the accounts and then focuses on the question of how different common genres (like headlines, newsbites, news briefs, and reports) as well as reels are designed multimodally, including different structural parts and their patterned style.

Implications for neurosurgery of medical schools leaving the United States News and World Report.

Ranked lists are a highly praised method of assessment in America. Whether it's a list of the top national sports teams, the best restaurants in New York City, or as in this case, the strongest educational institutions, we look to rankings to scrutinize, evaluate, and compare. Unfortunately, not all rankings offer insightful and valuable information. Many use metrics that fall short of an accurate representation of the desired outcome. The U.S. News & World Report (USNWR), one of the most widely regarded rankings of educational institutions, has recently been under the spotlight as several major medical schools have removed themselves from candidate lists. The current USNWR Medical School's rankings are regarded as having a narrow perspective in that the metrics perpetuate a less diverse medical community and fail to recognize worthy institutions that choose to champion a well-rounded student experience. The authors, along with the many others, fear this may deliver a skewed vision of what the USNWR tries to measure: the excellence of a medical education.

Determinants Of Rating/Share Of Indonesian Television News In The Online Era (The Case Of Mnctv Indonesia)

The purpose of this study is to identify a plan for sustaining and growing MNCTV news stations' share and rating. This television news station has been around for around 27 years and is still going strong. Despite the fact that the generation at this news station has shifted, this is inextricably linked to the outstanding program rating/share and has a tendency to remain steady. Descriptive qualitative research methodology is used to gather detailed information about the chief editor and three executives involved in news programs. The findings demonstrated that from pre-production to post-production, the editorial team holds regular meetings. Reporters with specialized knowledge of the issue being covered are provided access to all of the materials reviewed during the editorial meeting. Additionally, they stay up to date with technology advancements to improve the screen. To improve the on-screen presentation, news anchors are frequently swapped out for younger, more intelligent candidates. As the times change, news is also posted to official social media profiles on platforms like YouTube, Instagram, and TikTok.

Drivers of vulnerability to medicine smuggling and combat strategies: a qualitative study based on online news media analysis in Iran

BackgroundMedicine smuggling poses a serious public health threat, limiting patients’ safe and timely access to this essential resource. Thus, this study aims to identify the factors contributing to the vulnerability to medicine smuggling and propose effective strategies to combat this issue in Iran.MethodsAn analysis of news media was conducted using qualitative content analysis. News text items related to medicine smuggling were retrieved from various online news sources between March 21, 2017, and May 21, 2023. To select health-oriented and general online news stations, news agencies, and newspapers, the purposeful sampling method with a maximum variation strategy was used. The selected sources included Mehr News Agency, Khabar Online, Islamic Consultative Assembly News Agency (ICANA), Islamic Republic News Agency (IRNA), Iranian Students News Agency (ISNA), Hamshahri, Donya-e-Eqtesad newspapers, Webda, Sepid Online, and Iran’s Food and Drug Administration News Agency (IFDANA). All data coding was manually done using Microsoft Excel software version 2016.ResultsA total of 277 news articles were found to meet the established criteria for inclusion. The analysis revealed four main themes, each with several sub-themes, that shed light on the factors that drive vulnerability and the strategies to combat medicine smuggling. These themes are the economic environment, government and stewardship, information technology systems, and socio-cultural factors. The economic environment emerged as the most significant theme, encompassing medicine selection, reimbursement, and procurement, all of which affect the smuggling of pharmaceuticals in Iran.ConclusionTo combat medicine smuggling, it is important to adjust policies based on the identified vulnerabilities. Effective strategies to reverse pharmaceutical smuggling include capacity building of pharmaceutical manufacturing companies, implementing regulated and enhanced supervisory and rulemaking policies, strengthening health insurance, improving e-infrastructure, and increasing public awareness through collaborative approaches involving various stakeholders within and outside the health system.

Loved It, Miss It, Would Never Go Back: Why U.S. Local Television Sports Broadcasters are Leaving the Industry

For decades, one of the most recognizable public faces of a local television news station was the sports anchor. However, as newsrooms across the United States struggle with employee burnout, sports departments have not been immune to low job satisfaction and high turnover. The purpose of this study is to examine what factors are causing sportscasters at local television stations to leave the profession. A survey of sports broadcasters who had left their positions at a television station for a job outside of broadcasting revealed that they felt overworked and underpaid, and many placed the blame for their problems directly on newsroom management.

Medical Student Research Activity in Otolaryngology.

To investigate medical student research productivity by institutions associated with otolaryngology residency programs and identify correlates of productivity. Retrospective review. N/A. A systematic search for articles indexed on PubMed published by 116 programs from January 1, 2016 to February 28, 2021 was conducted. Primary outcomes were number of faculty publications, first-author medical student publications and medical students from each institution. Secondary outcomes included geographic region, number of otolaryngology faculty members, and program rankings. Nationally, the mean number of faculty per institution was 21.7 at the time of search. Over a 5-year period, there was a mean 98.7 total publications and 15.8 medical student first-author publications per institution consisting of a mean of 10.03 distinct medical students. One-way analysis of variance showed no statistically significant difference in medical student productivity (P = .09) or department size (P = .12) between regions. Number of medical student first-author publications positively correlated to number of faculty (R = .43, P < .05) and number of faculty publications (R = .63, P < .05). The top 30 programs ranked by United States News & World Report or National Institute of Health for funding had a statistically significantly greater mean number of medical student first-author publications and distinct medical student first authors than all other programs (P < .05). Greater numbers of faculty members likely provide more mentorship and opportunities that allow medical students to engage in projects that lead to first-author publications. These findings allow institutions to reflect on efforts in medical student engagement and provide data to students for career planning.

An Exploratory Content Analysis of Two Local Television Stations’ Tornado Warning Broadcasts

Abstract In-depth analysis of the content of broadcast tornado warning coverage is limited. Such analysis is important due to local television’s role as a key source for tornado warning information. This study attempts to fill gaps in our knowledge regarding broadcast coverage of tornado warnings by demonstrating how local television news stations’ coverage of tornadic events can be systematically analyzed to better understand this element of warning communication. We reviewed both visual and verbal content for information such as the prominence of specific radar products, the geographic scale of warning communication, and common themes in verbal communication. A combination of deductive and inductive coding approaches was used to summarize the verbal content of the broadcasts. We found that the stations heavily used radar products with reflectivity and velocity surpassing correlation coefficient. The geographic scale of mapped products (street, city/county, and state level) appeared to be related to the rural or urban nature of the area warned, which may have implications for how readily rural residents would be able to personalize tornado threats. Verbal content was very similar between the two stations. The theme of monitoring and updating conditions, which included processes such as zooming in and out, making adjustments, reinforcing conditions, and providing damage reports was the most frequent communication type, likely because weathercasters use these processes to both communicate the warning and also to help themselves understand the situation. The results can inform future studies examining the influence of specific elements of broadcast warning coverage on risk perception and protective actions. Significance Statement Television is a key source for receiving or confirming tornado warnings, but few studies have examined the content of broadcast warnings in depth. This study examined the visual and verbal content of broadcast tornado warnings on two local television stations. Radar products were used heavily, and street-level coverage was more common when a tornado affected a metropolitan area. Coverage was most common at the city/county level. Verbal content included many elements of effective warning communication but at times included jargon that may not be understood by viewers. The results can serve as a springboard for future research on the impacts of these elements on risk perception and response. It can also serve future research by distinguishing what viewers of severe weather broadcasts are exposed to that nonviewers are not.

Critical Discourse Analysis of RT news headlines on Venezuela’s post-coup crisis in 2019-2020

This article researches the biased content of the propagandistic channel RT through the prism of Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA). It attempts to uncover the linguistic means of creating biased content in RT headlines that cover the Venezuela’s post-coup crisis of 2019-2020. It offers a CDA approach to the systemic bias in the headlines of 375 news stories featured on one of the most tendentious webcasters, the Russian state news provider RT. The current CDA focuses on presuppositions and implicatures, back- and fore-grounding, agency, lexis, punctuation, and briefly on other figurative linguistic means in the headlines and traces their relative recurrence that might form a pattern.

Differing Local Political News Media’s Framing of Austin Homelessness in 2021

In 2021, the Austin homeless frequented the local newspaper headlines due to the wide controversy they faced throughout the year, specifically with the renewal of the camping ban that discriminated against the population. Additionally, much of the Austin public significantly relied on the news reports provided by the Austin leading news media to stay up to date on the controversy taking place. However, despite major social and political action in that calendar year, little research has been conducted on Austin news media’s representation of the homeless during this year and its effect on the public. In this paper, the author reviews literature exploring news media depictions of homelessness through the construction of media framing, media influence on the public, and the differing political views on the topic of homelessness. A retrospective quantitative content analysis was conducted to measure the different media frames included within four politically differing Austin news stations’ 2021 homeless news reports. The research design pursues to identify (a) the overall coverage of mainstream news media on Austin homelessness in 2021; (b) the different types of thematic and episodic frames frequently used when presenting the homeless population of Austin; and (c) how the utilization of these frames varied between differing political biases. Together, the research findings concluded that within the local Austin news reportings on homelessness in 2021, key events drew out more coverage from larger news stations, and left-leaning news stations saw more episodic framing, while right-leaning news stations saw more thematic framing.

The AANS Harvey Cushing Medal: a demographic and academic analysis of its recipients

BackgroundThe Harvey Cushing Medal, awarded by the American Association of Neurological Surgeons, is the premier accolade in neurosurgery. The study’s purpose was to examine the qualities and accomplishments of previous winners, emphasizing potential selection biases, with the aim to promote social justice and guide young neurosurgeons in their career paths.ResultsPredominantly, recipients graduated from top-ranked United States News and World Report institutions and specialized in cerebrovascular and neuro-oncologic/skull base neurosurgery. A significant proportion held roles as department or division chairs and led neurosurgical organizations. All awardees were male, and there was a notable trend of increasing publication counts among more recent recipients.ConclusionsCommonalities among Harvey Cushing Medal winners include graduating from top institutions, holding significant leadership roles, and having an extensive publication history. However, the absence of female and underrepresented minority awardees underscores an urgent need for greater diversity in the selection process.

A study on the role of lawyers in India’s freedom struggle and towards nation building

While we talk about Law as a profession, it is undoubtedly a vast area with innumerable persons contributing to it across the globe. It is also one of the most challenging professions for it encompasses tough thinking, analysing, reasoning, contemplating as a part of the process or for rendering advisory services, rule or policy making or simply when it comes to representing a client and arguing on behalf in a court of law. As per a report in the United States News’ List for the year 2016, the profession of a lawyer has been seen standing at the rank of 16 among the top 100 best paying jobs and the same stood at 71st rank across the world. Again, it not just the same being group as higher earning that makes it more attractive, the pride of the profession of law also entails the dynamic aspect of the job which is often reflected due to the emergence of several influential leaders of the world from the law background. Starting from the former President of USA, Barack Obama, Russia's President Vladimir Putin, Chinese Premier Li Keqiang, former US President Bill Clinton, former President of Russia, Dmitri Medvedev, managing director of International Monetary Fund (IMF), Christine Lagarde who are the contemporary world leaders worth mentioning to Karl Marx, Mahatma Gandhi and Nelson Mandela are the ones who had earned their highest degree in law and are the seasoned lawyers among others who passed their whole life in pursuit of emancipation of the human beings. Former President of Cuba, Fidel Castro and Former Prime Minister of Singapore, Lee Kuan Yew were also the law practitioners. The current paper is subdivided into various chapters which deals with the concept and development of legal profession, jurisprudential aspect, the role of lawyers in the Indian National Freedom Struggle Movement and their contribution towards nation building.

Physician-scientists or celebrities? Kardashian-index of gastroenterologists.

The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic unleashed a flood of untrustworthy information on social media platforms, resulting in the unfortunate consequence of expert scientists' opinions getting lost amidst the chaotic sea of misinformation. The question of how much influence these esteemed scientists hold on social media platforms remains elusive. To address this scientific quandary, we sought to explore the concept of the Kardashian index (K-index), a term introduced by Hall in 2014. This metric provides a rudimentary means of evaluating whether a physician scientist's popularity on social media aligns with their significant scientific contributions. To evaluate if a Gastroenterologist physician's popularity on social media is at par with their scientific contributions (research articles and publications). We conducted an extensive search to identify all gastroenterologists actively practicing and associated with the top 100 hospitals as reported by the United States News. We collected specific data on a sub-group including their names, affiliations, degrees, and sub-specializations. To gauge their social media popularity, we utilized the K-index calculation which is determined by dividing the actual number of Twitter followers by the number of researcher's citations. The expected number of followers (F) is calculated using the formula F = 43.3 C ^ 0.32, where C represents the number of citations. Physicians affiliated with the Mayo Clinic emerged as the most prominent presence on Twitter, constituting 16% of the total. They were followed closely by physicians from Mount Sinai Hospital (9%) and the University of Michigan Hospital (9%). Surprisingly, 76% of the physicians evaluated exhibited a low K-index, falling within the range of 0 to less than 2. This suggests that a significant number of highly influential physician-scientists are not receiving due recognition, as indicated by their relatively low number of followers. On the other hand, 24% of the physicians had an inflated K-index, exceeding 5, which positioned them as the "Kardashians". These individuals enjoyed greater social media popularity than their actual scientific contributions. Interestingly, our analysis revealed no discernible association between sex and K-index (P value of 0.92). In the gastroenterology field, our study estimated that a majority (76%) of highly researched physicians are undervalued despite their significant scientific contributions.

Sharing expert group decisions: Examining television meteorologists' tweets of a severe weather forecasting team’s warnings

As climate continues to change, severe weather events continue to increase in both severity and frequency. The U.S. National Weather Service (NWS) established storm prediction centers around the country to monitor and produce predictions, warnings, and watches about weather events. However, the NWS relies mostly on local television stations to communicate this information to the public. Although many storm prediction centers have Twitter accounts, residents often turn to local news stations for information on these weather events. In this study we analyzed one year of tweets from a small prediction team as well as tweets from the lead meteorologist twitter accounts from ABC, CBS, FOX, and NBC stations. We focused on tweets sent on days that severe weather occurred (N = 17,259). Agenda setting theory served as a lens to examine these results and advance our understanding of weather communication in the digital age. We found that tweets from television meteorologists differed significantly from those of the NWS for clout, analytical thinking, and positive emotional valence. Tweets were also significantly different for authenticity and negative emotional valence, but only when individual stations were compared to the NWS. This paper contributes to small group literature the idea that expert teams, who rely on the media to report their decisions, may have their decisions reported in differing manners based on the motivations of the media.

Americans’ COVID-19 risk perceptions and risk perception predictors changed over time

Identifying and understanding risk perceptions—“how bad are the harms” to humans or to what they value that people see as potentially or actually arising from entities or events—has been critical for risk analysis, both for its own sake, and for expected associations between risk perceptions and subsequent outcomes, such as risky or protective behavior, or support for hazard management policies. Cross-sectional surveys have been the dominant method for identifying and understanding risk perceptions, yielding valuable data. However, cross-sectional surveys are unable to probe the dynamics of risk perceptions over time, which is critical to do while living in a dynamically hazardous world and to build causal understandings. Building upon earlier longitudinal panel studies of Americans’ Ebola and Zika risk perceptions using multi-level modeling to assess temporal changes in these views and inter-individual factors affecting them, we examined patterns in Americans’ COVID-19 risk perceptions in six waves across 14 months. The findings suggest that, in general, risk perceptions increased from February 2020 to April 2021, but with varying trends across different risk perception measures (personal, collective, affective, affect, severity, and duration). Factors in baseline risk perceptions (Wave 1) and inter-individual differences across waves differed even more: baseline ratings were associated with how immediate the threat is (temporal distance) and how likely the threat would affect people like oneself (social distance), and following the United States news about the pandemic. Inter-individual trend differences were shaped most by temporal distance, whether local coronavirus infections were accelerating their upward trend, and subjective knowledge about viral transmission. Associations of subjective knowledge and risk trend with risk perceptions could change signs (e.g. from positive to negative) over time. These findings hold theoretical implications for risk perception dynamics and taxonomies, and research design implications for studying risk perception dynamics and their comparison across hazards.

Trad nationalist a/effects

Trad nationalist a/effects

Stuart N. Soroka and Christopher Wlezien. Information and Democracy: Public Policy in the News. Cambridge University Press. 2022. $99.99 (cloth). $34.99 (paper).

This book is an empirical investigation of the role of media in democracy in the United States since 1980. It uses texts from 17 major newspapers, six broadcast news stations, and a social media outlet to identify content and sentiment regarding policy spending in five domains of defense, welfare, health, education, and environment. Its authors, Stuart Soroka and Christopher Wlezien, spent their careers identifying patterns in public preference formation in response to policies and policymaker representation of public preferences. Few opinion-policy researchers are unfamiliar with their thermostatic model. To date, this rich subfield lacks attention to what happens in-between public preferences (opinion) and policy outcomes. Enter this book. Media is a key theoretical mechanism transmitting policy to public preferences and vice versa, and this book ambitiously seeks to (1) ascertain the quantity and quality of US media content in these domains, and (2) test for a role of media in public preferences and policy, and feedback between. As chapter 1 points out, media research should help us understand democracy, specifically, whether media provides accurate information about government actions. Chapter 2 reviews previous work on the content and framing of policy in media but shows it does little to answer the question of whether there is enough accurate coverage to enable informed citizen decisions and voting to hold policymakers accountable. Their original thermostatic model included relative policy preferences (⁠R⁠) as a function of policy (⁠P⁠) and absolute preferences for policy (proxied by O⁠), where ΔP (change in policy) is the “signal” the public uses to change their preferences. The authors now add media (represented by M⁠) for a more complete picture (Equation 2.8, p. 33): ...

Jumping Sharks

Jumping Sharks

Synchronization of Laws and Regulations Promulgated in the Indonesian Law Country according to the Principles of Establishing Legislation

The stages of forming laws and regulations are mentioned in Article 1 paragraph (1) of Law Number 12 of 2011 which starts from planning, preparation, preparation techniques, formulation, discussion, approval, promulgation, and dissemination. Among the series of processes above, there is a process that is not explicitly stated but has a very important role, namely the process of harmonization. The research method used in this study is a normative juridical research method through literature study which examines primary, secondary and tertiary legal materials. The formulation of Article 1 point 1 of Law Number 12 of 2011 needs to be amended and added a new article formulation regarding the harmonization process at the stage of forming statutory regulations promulgated in state news. Second, the formulation of the new article which regulates the mechanism and procedures for the process of harmonization in the formation of statutory regulations promulgated in the state gazette reads as follows "...Harmonization, unification and consolidation of the conception of the Draft Regulation promulgated in the state gazette is carried out starting at the planning stage , preparation, and discussion coordinated by the institution that organizes government affairs in the field of forming statutory regulations."

ЭКСПЕРТНЫЕ КОММЕНТАРИИ В ЛЕНТАХ ИНФОРМАГЕНТСТВ «ТАСС» И РИА «НОВОСТИ» В ПРОЦЕССЕ РЕАЛИЗАЦИИ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОЙ ИНФОРМАЦИОННОЙ ПОЛИТИКИ

The article discusses the role of expert comments on the tapes of the Russian news agencies "TASS" and RIA "Novosti" in the process of implementing the state information policy of the Russian Federation. The purpose of the study was to find out empirically whether the publication of expert opinions by state news agencies is indeed a violation of the “principle of neutrality and equidistance” or in this way the agencies only help the state to fulfill its just desire to act as an actor in information relations in the society. The main concept of the study was the concept of "expert commentary". After analyzing the results of the content analysis, we can conclude that the portrait of an expert in both agencies has both a number of common features and completely different ones. In addition, the conceptual base of the study was also made up of such categories as “mass communications” and “information balance”. As a result, the authors came to the conclusion that the publication of expert comments by the studied agencies is not a violation of the "principle of neutrality and equidistance", and moreover, it helps to convey to the audience the essence of the raised issues more accurately and expands the diversity of opinions. Also, as a result of the content analysis, a generalized portrait of an expert of Russian state news agencies was formed.

Retaining the Mother Tongue while Learning Host Country’s Languages. A Study with Second Generation Sudanese Immigrant Children

Sadly, the destination of some vital national languages has been buried with their speakers during the whole death trips by land and sea, with the topic of migration affecting a lot of international and local news stations. The present study investigates the difficulties confronting Sudanese immigrant children when communicating in some indigenous languages besides learning the host countries' languages. Most participants in the current study are multilingual Sudanese immigrants from areas and intense conflict zones such as Darfur, Blue Nile, and South Kordofan. The real issue is how immigrants who make it to their intended destinations preserve their home tongues and cultural traditions as sources of identity. The researcher employed a qualitative research methodology to carry out this investigation. An initial 58 Sudanese immigrants were interviewed. The study found that (1) it might be challenging to communicate with kids even though parents speak these languages at home. (2) this situation may decrease the number of those who speak these national languages and will result in losing the national identity of future generations in the diaspora unless this situation changes, (3) children of Sudanese immigrants in the diaspora learn primarily the host country language, in addition to their indigenous languages based on the data collection and analysis. It is recommended that parents should use their local language continually at home with their children to preserve their identity and cultural heritage.