State Land Research Articles

Correlation Study of the Cone Penetration Test in the Field with a Laboratory Test on Soft Soil in Banjarmasin

The very soft soil commonly found in South Kalimantan, especially in Banjarmasin, with conditions of tidal swampy land, poses a challenge when it comes to the development of areas intended for medium-scale building construction. The demands of the population and the increasing need for housing necessitate the addition of residential levels, both by the government and private entities. This will undoubtedly open up new areas, and housing development will become a top priority in order to realize this. This research process is conducted in the field and in the laboratory, using soil material tested with the cone penetration test (CPT) method and data processing to identify the type and characteristics of the soil, ensuring they remain unchanged during the analysis of field data. Original samples are also taken for the purpose of analyzing the selection of foundation reinforcement types. Very soft clay soil is identified from the location of Gunung Meranti in Banjarmasin. This data is used for the analysis of bearing capacity, settlement analysis, characteristics, and identification, which will be correlated with the results of previous testing conducted in the laboratory using the Unconfined Compression Test (UDS) method in nearby locations. The results of field investigation data in the form of manometer readings are expected to assist the author as indicators in measuring and analyzing the type and characteristics of the soil, as well as the bearing capacity of the subgrade soil in the laboratory, based on the results of the CPT

Leaving traces: Fairy houses, kindness stones, and constructed heritage

AbstractThe National Park Service and many other federal, state, and local land managers in the US enjoin visitors to “leave no trace” when visiting parks and wilderness areas. At the same time, practices that involve leaving traces—painted rocks, rock cairns, and fairy houses—have become well established on some public lands. Public discussions reveal deep divides in how people view these traces in a time of increased pressures on public lands. This article develops an anthropological analysis of the practice of leaving traces at Mesa Verde National Park, in Colorado, and Machimoodus State Park, in Connecticut. Taking an approach that aligns with recent work on archaeologies of the contemporary, we interrogate the meaning of these material traces and consider how these practices of constructing cultural heritage in spaces perceived as “natural” provide a quasi‐archaeological experience and reenact colonialist processes.

Change in observed long-term greening across Switzerland – evidence from a three decades NDVI time-series and its relationship with climate and land cover factors

ABSTRACT Environmental changes are significantly modifying terrestrial vegetation dynamics, with serious consequences on Earth system functioning and provision of ecosystem services. Land conditions are an essential element underpinning global sustainability frameworks, such as the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), requiring effective solutions to assess the impacts of changing land conditions induced by various driving forces. At the global scale, long-term increase of vegetation greening has been widely reported notably in seasonally snow-covered ecosystems as a response to warming climate. However, greening trends at the national scale have received less attention, although countries like Switzerland are prone to important changing climate conditions. Hereby, we used a 35-year satellite-derived annual and seasonal time-series of Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) to assess vegetation greenness evolution at different spatial and temporal scales across Switzerland and related them to temperature, precipitation, and land cover to investigate possible responses of changing climatic conditions. Results indicate that there is a statistically significant greening trend at the national scale with an NDVI mean increasing slope of 0.6%/year for the 61% significant pixels across Switzerland. In particular, the seasonal mean NDVI shows an important break for winter, autumn and spring seasons starting from 2010, potentially indicating a critical point of changing land conditions. At biogeographical scale, we observed an apparent clustering (Jura-Plateau; Northern-Southern Alps; Eastern-Western Alps) related to landscape characteristics, while forested land cover classes are more responsive to NDVI changes. Finally, the NDVI values are mostly a function of temperature at elevations below the tree line rather than precipitation. The findings suggest that multi-annual and seasonal NDVI can be a valuable indicator to monitor vegetation conditions at different scales and can provide complementary observations for national statistics on the ecological state of vegetation to monitor land affected by changing environmental conditions. This work is aiming at strengthening the insights into the driving factors of vegetation change and supporting monitoring changing land conditions to provide guidance for effective and efficient environmental management and sustainable development policy advice at the national scale.

Legal Implications of The Use of Permit to Open State Land as Collateral for Debt

Indonesia is a country abundant in natural resources and human resources, aiming to provide prosperity for its people. The need for credit and the provision of credit facilities require collateral. The government has established a credit guarantee institution capable of providing legal certainty and legal protection. One of these institutions is the Mortgage Rights institution regulated by Law Number 4 of 1996 concerning Mortgage Rights on Land and Related Objects (UUHT). In the city of Balikpapan, East Kalimantan, there is a legal product in the field of land management based on regional autonomy, adhering to the principle of decentralization that grants authority through the enactment of Regional Regulation Number 1 of 2014 concerning State Land Opening Permits, known as "Izin Membuka Tanah Negara" (IMTN). IMTN is a permit granted by the Mayor or designated official to individuals or legal entities to open and/or utilize state-owned land directly controlled by the government. In this Regional Regulation, it is explicitly stated that IMTN cannot be used as collateral for debt transactions. However, in Balikpapan, there are still cooperatives or financing institutions that accept IMTN as collateral, binding it with a credit guarantee that is subsequently accompanied by an additional agreement known as "Surat Kuasa Membebankan Hak Tanggungan" (SKMHT). The existence of collateral with IMTN as the object is not permitted, as IMTN serves as administrative evidence for the initial proof of land rights ownership in Balikpapan. IMTN can later be processed to become land rights (Ownership Rights, Building Utilization Rights, Right to Use), which has led Notaries and Banks to accept IMTN as collateral.

Effectiveness of Using Electric Knapsack Sprayer in Weed Control on Oil Palm Plants (Elaeis guineensis Jacq)

Absract This study aims to determine the effectiveness of the use of an electric knapsack sprayer in controlling weeds in oil palm plants. This study was carried out in Sirapit District, Langkat Regency from April to June 2022. The data collection methods used were questionnaires/questionnaires and interviews. The analytical method used is a Likert scale to determine the level of effectiveness and multiple linear regression to determine the factors that affect the effectiveness of using an electric knapsack sprayer in controlling weeds on palm oil plants in Sirapit District, Langkat Regency. For the F test, Fcount is 8.463 > Ftable 2.18, which means that simultaneously the variables of age, education, the role of extension agents, experience, land conditions, expertise, and operational costs have a significant effect on the effectiveness of using electric knapsack sprayers in weed control. on oil palm plantations. For the partial t-Test, the factors that significantly affect the effectiveness of using electric knapsack sprayers in controlling weeds in oil palm consist of the role of extension workers (t=3.424), land conditions (t=4.734), expertise (t=2.550), and operational costs (t=3.556), but it is not significantly for three factors, such as age (t=-1.302), education (t=0.854), and experience (t=-0.574). The results of this study showed that the effectiveness of using an electric knapsack sprayer in controlling weeds in oil palm was high (80.27%). Factors that influence the effectiveness of using electric knapsack sprayers in controlling weeds in oil palm plantations are the role of extension workers, land conditions, expertise, and operational costs. Keywords: Effectiveness, electric knapsack sprayer, palm oil, herbicide, weed

Legislation on German Colonies Near St. Petersburg in 18th — Early 19th Centuries (Complete Collection of Laws of Russian Empire)

The article is devoted to the analysis of laws about German colonies near St. Petersburg, published in the Complete Collection of Laws of the Russian Empire. The documents from 1763 to 1803 are studied. The relevance of the work is determined by the state of historiography on Russian Germans in the Northwest. A review and analysis of the texts of laws are carried out, historical information contained in the texts is analyzed, missing documents that were used in practice are identified. The names of officials mentioned in the laws are revealed. It is stated that the corpus of laws for research is divided into acts related to all foreign colonists in Russia and acts regulating the life of St. Petersburg colonies. It is noted that laws related to suburban colonies are divided into two groups: documents of “northern” colonies founded in the 18th century and “coastal” colonies that emerged in the first decade of the 19th century. Laws about “northern” colonies are considered, which relate to the admission and placement of colonists, their internal structure, economic development, size of land grants, state debt, and its repayment. It is established that from the end of the 18th century, the topic of colonists leaving for the city and forming a layer of craftsmen and merchants from among them arises. German colonies; St. Petersburg colonists; legislation; Complete Collection of Laws of the Russian Empire; St. Petersburg; Tsarskoe Selo; Oranienbaum; patrimonial and state lands.

The Impact of Relocating Illegal Settlement at Simpang Barelang, Batam City, Riau Islands

Slum settlements in Batam City are mostly inhabited by poor people who are unable to access proper housing. The inability of the poor to access these decent settlements, makes them choose to live in slum settlements with inadequate basic facilities and infrastructure. Relocation or resettlement is an alternative to provide opportunities for people living in slum settlements, whose land status is illegal or living in a disaster-prone environment to reorganize and continue their lives in a new place. This research was structured with the aim of knowing how the implementation of the relocation program for occupation settlements at the Simpang Barelang in the city of Batam. As a qualitative and quantitative descriptive research, the results of this study have both positive and negative impacts. In terms of physical conditions, relocation provides positive changes to the current settlement conditions. Then the social impact of the relocation carried out in the Tembesi Village, has also been successful in maintaining the social order that has been formed. However, in terms of the community's economy, the relocation program had a negative impact due to the loss of sources of income and decreased community income.

Kesuburan dan Hasil Jagung di Kemiringan Lahan berbeda di Kabupaten Boalemo

This study aims to describe the status of soil fertility and corn yield on different slopes of agricultural land in UPT SP3 Saritani Village, Boalemo Regency. The study used survey methods at 3 land slope locations (20--30%, 30–40%, and 50–60%), determined purposively. Soil samples and maize yields were analyzed quantitatively and descriptively. Corn yields were collected and compared over 3 harvesting seasons based on the parameters of agronomic components. Soil fertility was analyzed at BSIP PALMA Manado laboratory, with parameters including macronutrient components. An essential finding of this study is that there is a difference in corn yield and nutrients on the sloping lands. The fertility status of farmers' land on the average sloped land of the three stations is very low levels of nitrogen and carbon nutrients and high levels of phosphate and potassium. The agronomic components of Stations 1 and 2 were relatively similar compared to the yield of components at Station 3. In the 3 harvest seasons, Station 1's yield decreased every season; from Station 2 it also decreased, but only at the time of the third harvest, although it was insignificant. The yield from Station 3, the steepest field, decreased significantly.
 
 Keywords: bisi 18 hybrida, maize, sloping land, soil fertility

Konstruksi Reforma Pajak Bagi Pemilik Tanah Dati Di Kota Ambon Dalam Perspektif Keadilan

Introduction: The land owner does not have real and legal evidence that has legal force, so Village Officials assume that the land still belongs to the village and can be given or sold by the Village.Purposes of Devotion: This service can produce a legal product in the form of a state regulation and even state regulations regarding the construction of tax reform for dati landowners in the perspective of justice, so that dati landowners can know the tax collection model that can be used as proof of tax payment so that there is proof of ownership that is legally and has legal protection for dati landowners. Method of Devotion: The implementation of this service uses the extension method, through discussion in which the presenter explains material related to the service and is followed by questions and answers between the presenter and the participants.Results of the Devotion: The owner of the Dati lands in Soya Village is state land granted by the Official, so it is necessary to prove ownership of the land under Indonesian law so that it does not become a dispute in the future, the speaker provides information regarding the payment of Land and Building Tax to protect the rights of the villagers including the ulayat rights of indigenous peoples, especially the owners of dati lands. In fact, the land owner in Soya Village has never paid his land tax (traditional land tax) to the tax office related to land tax or regional tax due to the lack of information and understanding regarding the Tax Payment Model which can be used or as proof of ownership and can be used as legal protection in the event of a dispute in the future. As for the gap, namely whether the form of tax reform construction can cover the process of paying taxes on customary lands in Ambon City. in accordance with state regulations in order to create justice.

Revisiting British Malaya's Era: An Intriguing Historical Legal Analysis of Land Administration and Colonial Forestry

The land and forest administration system in Malaysia faces a complexity bias due to the misinterpretation of rules and legislation, leading to increased disputes. The reliance on British law for matters like land ownership amplifies this issue, and the intricacies of static and dynamic arrangements further compound the complexity. Previously, Malay rural land rights were based on usufructuary principles, but the colonial land alienation policy redefined unalienated land, land reserved for public purposes, and reserved forests as State Land. This study seeks to comprehensively review and analyse legal rules, cases, statutes, and regulations to understand ancient land law practices and the influence of British colonial land law on land administration. Conducted in Peninsular Malaysia, the study focuses on primary documents, cases, and critical analyses from three states: Perak, Penang, and Kelantan. The findings of the study highlight the contentious nature of land rights and autonomy in utilizing natural resources in Malaysia. The country inherits both formal and informal land tenure systems rooted in customary law, making dispute resolution challenging. The principal characteristic of ancient land law is based on a hypothetical model of the ancient customary land tenure system, encompassing different eras, missions, and principles. Significantly, the study reveals a direct and strong connection between colonial land law and current land law practices in the respective states. Additionally, Malaysia's land law has been influenced by Islamic law (Syariah) to some extent and blended with other ancient customary laws before the introduction of Torren in 1897.

The adaptability of soybean high yield varieties and farmer preferences in dry land area

Soybean development is currently directed to dry land areas. To support this program, IAARD has released some new varieties with a yield potential above 3 tons/ha. The aim of this study was to know the adaptability of new varieties of soybean and farmers preference in dry land areas. The field experiment was conducted in Grobogan Regency, using factorial randomized block design with two factors. The first factor was fertilizer dosage combined with bio fertilizer and the second factor was five soybean varieties. Farmer preference test was performed by interviewing the respondents. Measurements of the farmer attitudes, opinions, and perceptions was done using Likert scale. The results showed that Grobogan variety was better adapted to the dry land conditions of Grobogan Regency. The application of fertilizers combined with biofertilizers increased soybean growth and production. The highest plant (52.42 cm) and the highest soybean yield (2.165 t/ha) were obtained in the farmer’s dosage treatment combined with biofertilizers. The order of farmers preference for the tested varieties was Grobogan, Biosoy, Devon, Dega and Detap. These preferences were mostly based on crop productivity, seed size, seed availability, and ease of selling the yield.

Pasture lands of Kazakhstan: rational use

The goal is to find ways to solve problems of pasture use in Kazakhstan using GIS technologies; conduct monitoring of pastures based on remote sensing of land (ERS); identify the condition of pasture lands using the NDVI index. Methods – analytical, economic-static, monographic, abstract-logical. Results – space monitoring was carried out, their degradation was assessed using remote sensing based on images received from the Planet satellite through the portal https://www.planet.com/. It has been established that pastures in the category of agricultural lands account for 45.1%, reserve lands 66.6 million hectares, which can be considered as a reserve for agricultural use. The cultural and technical level of pasture lands is characterized by the indicators of overgrazing, stoniness, forest cover and bush cover. Based on the research, it was concluded that used pasture lands are located mainly around rural settlements (Rural Settlements). Grazing of livestock on remote and distant pastures is impossible due to the lack of pasture infrastructure. As a result, pasture lands near the RS are under excessive pressure, which leads to a reduction in the number of livestock and, accordingly, livestock products. The analysis showed that since 2012, the total area of pasture land in reserve lands has decreased by 20 thousand hectares and increased in the category of agricultural land. Conclusions – pasture land use requires a revision of the institutional framework for pasture management. Competence on these issues must be transferred from district executive bodies to local government. It has been determined that due to non-compliance with animal grazing standards, pastures are trampled, resulting in a decrease in their productivity and a decrease in size. An effective tool is a system of remote monitoring of pastures, combined with ground surveys of land. This, in turn, allows us to objectively assess the condition of pasture lands at various scales. The republic has a huge potential of natural pastures, which is not sufficiently used to create a sustainable food supply and obtain environmentally friendly and cheap livestock products.

EFISIENSI TEKNIS USAHATANI PADI KALIMANTAN TENGAH: PENDEKATAN STOCHASTIC FRONTIER ANALYSIS

<p>The strategy to increase rice production is crucial to maintain food availability. The agricultural land expansion program in Central Kalimantan through the food estate program is considered an inappropriate solution considering social, environmental, and land conditions. The agricultural intensification method in Central Kalimantan is the answer to increasing the productivity of existing agricultural businesses by increasing production efficiency. This research aims to analyze the technical efficiency of lowland rice farming and the factors that influence it in Central Kalimantan province. This research used secondary data from the 2014 Rice Plantation Household Survey from the Central Statistics Agency. The data was analyzed using the stochastic frontier production function with Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE). The research results show that rice farming in Central Kalimantan is technically inefficient. Factors influencing the technical efficiency of rice farming are farmer age, land type, planting system, agricultural facilities, extension, farmer groups, and SLPTT participation. The low level of technical efficiency of rice farming in Central Kalimantan is an indicator that must be utilized to increase rice production so that food availability can be well-maintained.</p>

Farmers’ Food Security in Forest and Peatland Fires Prone Areas of South Kalimantan, Indonesia

Forest and peatland fires in Indonesia affect the lives of farmers near the prone areas, and their food security is impacted. This research aimed to examine the level of food security and identify the factors influencing it in the forest and peatland fires of South Kalimantan. One hundred farmers, considered vulnerable to peatland fires, from two subdistricts, namely Gambut District and Sungai Tabuk District, were interviewed. The study employed the Household Food Insecurity Access Scale (HFIAS) method, consisting of nine food conditions questions and logistic regression analysis. This study shows that the majority of farmers experience mild food insecurity. Land status, family size, fire rate, and land size affected the farmers’ food security. Disaster mitigation education may help reduce the impact of forest and peatland fires on farmers’ food security. Additionally, support from various stakeholders will strengthen food security efforts. Keywords: farmers, fires, food security, forest, peatland

Land Use Pattern Change and Farmers Perception Perspective: A Case of Khagrachari Hill District, Bangladesh

The sole hilly region in Bangladesh is known as the Chattogram Hill Tracts (CHT), which is comprised of the three hill districts of Khagrachari, Rangamati, and Bandarban. Due to population dynamics, economic development, climatic change, improved accessibility, and agricultural developments, land usage is changing at an increasingly rapid rate in the CHT. This research was carried out in Khagrachari Sadar upazila in the Khagrachari district of Bangladesh. This study looked at how farmers perceive changes in land use patterns and the factors that influence such perceptions. A total of 180 households were sampled using the proportional random sampling technique, and the survey was conducted using a previously created, closed-ended questionnaire. The average land ownership of the farmers was 4.22 acre, although the average agricultural and forest land holding was 1.37 acre and 1.54 acre, respectively. Although, the farmers also possessed considerable amount of vegetable land and flat land also and these lands were utilized to produce different types of vegetables, crops, fruit and timber trees. Average age of the farmers was 49.75 years and 32% of them did not receive any formal education. About 62% of them did not take part any agriculture related training program. Although, 95% of the farmers had medium to poor perception on land use pattern change. Moreover, many farmers perceived that currently overall soil fertility status of the hilly land had been decreased compared to 10 years back. In addition, out of thirteen attributes, four attributes, namely, educational attainment, family annula income, agricultural training received and agricultural land ownership had significant influence on the perception of land use pattern change by the respondents. The findings from the research can be used by the nation's decision-makers and planners to create future CHT land allocation policies.

Towards utilizing Asteraceae alternative oilseed species on marginal lands: Agronomic performance, fatty acid composition, oil biocompounds, and oil physicochemical properties of Asteraceae species

Including alternative and drought-resilient oilseeds in marginal lands, where conventional oilseed production is threatened, could be an effective measure to restore marginal lands and improve sustainable seed oil production. Based on this approach, the present study aimed to evaluate the potential of some new and neglected Asteraceae species as alternative oil seed crops in marginal lands. The agronomic performance, fatty acid profile, seed oil biocompounds, and physicochemical properties of blessed thistle (Cnicus benedictus), cardoon (Cynara cardunculus), milk thistle (Silybum marianum), niger seed (Guizotia abyssinica), pot marigold (Calendula officinalis) and safflower (Carthamus tinctorius) were studied under a marginal land condition (semi-dry poor soils) in two growing years. Niger seed possessed the highest oil content (39.45%), while the highest oil yield (470.21 kg ha−1) was noted in safflower. The GC and HLPC analysis indicated that all the species of seed oils were rich linoleic acid sources (51.65–73.45%). However, some species, such as safflower, also contained a high amount of oleic acid (25.41%) proportion. Pot marigold seed oils had high levels of calendic acid (more than 50% of total fatty acids). The tocopherol and phenol biocompounds as essential micronutrients for human health were abundant in the species studied, which the highest tocopherol contents recorded for blessed thistle (670.43 mg/kg) and safflower (655.75 mg/kg) oils, respectively. Accordingly, the antioxidant activity of the oilseeds followed the same trends, being the highest in blessed thistle and safflower oils. The high concentration of oleic acid in safflower oil was associated with decreasing oil density, saponification, peroxidase, and increasing viscosity indicating its high oil oxidative stability. According to agronomic and oilseed quality properties, most species, especially safflower and blessed thistle, can be considered promising alternative oilseed crops in marginal lands.

The Effect of Different Fertilization Frequency on Some Nutrient Content of Palm Plant Grown in Peat Swamp

The lack of suitable land (S1) for oil palm plantations is the reason for the current use of marginal land (S3) in oil palm plantations, both for companies and smallholders. Peat swampland has good potential if the care and fertilization of plants is carried out according to the standards according to the conditions of the land. Peat swampland has high acidity, and land conditions are often flooded. Application of fertilizer in a timely manner and the right dose is one of the keys to the success of oil palm plantations. This study aimed to determine the effect of the frequency of fertilizer application on the nutrient content of oil palm leaves. There were three fertilization treatments, namely 1) 0.6 kg/tree was applied once a month, 2) 1.8 kg/tree was applied once per three months, and 3.6 kg/tree was applied once per six months. Data were analyzed using a completely randomized design. The results showed that the frequency of fertilization significantly affected the nutritional content of oil palm leaves. The average nutrient content of fertilization with a frequency of six months has the lowest nutrition compared to other frequencies. The best frequency of fertilization is 0.6 kg/tree, which is applied every month. Fertilization on peatlands that is carried out regularly and in a balanced dose is more important than the application of high doses of fertilizer with a long frequency of fertilization. This is related to palm oil feeding root distribution, which is limited to a swamp depth of 0-60 cm.

Environmental and farming practice controls of productivity of Cyrtosperma merkusii (giant swamp taro), an underutilised wetland and potential paludiculture crop

AbstractGrowing recognition of the potential vulnerabilities of major crop systems has spurred a growing interest in the potential of alternative crops which may be resilient to climate change and also help mitigate its effects. In Indonesia, such issues are particularly pertinent given that country's particular vulnerability to climate change impacts high dependence on agricultural livelihoods and varied topographies and growing conditions. Cyrtosperma merkusii (giant swamp taro) is a wetland plant which has historically formed part of food systems in the eastern Pacific. The plant has the potential to be cultivated as a source of starch on marginal coastal land and on peatlands with high water tables. The aim of this paper was therefore to determine site conditions that promote growth of C. merkusii and the macro and micronutrient status of the corms. Naturally, the size of the plants varied substantially among sites, with a neutral pH, and low redox and conductivity being strong edaphic predictors of corm size. Despite substantial differences in the soil properties of the different study sites, there were no significant differences in the macro and micronutrient content of the corms. Field trials showed that although the plants grew under dry land conditions, the plants grew bigger and yielded corms with greater concentrations of Fe, Mn and K under waterlogged conditions, indicating that a high‐water table is the best cultivation environment for C. merkusii. The nutrient content of the corms suggests that, although primarily a starch crop, C. merkusii could also increase the intake of Fe in populations where Fe deficiency is pervasive. We conclude that the wetland plant C. merkusii has considerable potential as a paludiculture crop in low‐lying areas of SE Asia as it was tolerant of a wide range of soil conditions and performed well when cultivated under waterlogged conditions without additional fertilisation.

The role of multi-category subsidies in cultivated land transfer decision-making of rural households in China: Synergy or trade-off？

The potential interactions (synergies or trade-offs) of multi-category subsidies implemented simultaneously in rural areas dedicated to promoting rural development and human well-being remain unclear, particularly in relation to cultivated land transfer decision-making to address the prevalent issue of idle or abandoned cultivated lands. This study presented a theoretical framework and an empirical examination of data from 1587 households to explore the causal pathway and differentiated roles of livelihood capitals and three categories of subsidies (i.e., comprehensive agricultural subsidy (CAS), conversion of cropland to forest program subsidy (CCFPS), and other financial transfer payments (OFTP)) in cultivated land transfer decision-making. Our findings suggested that livelihood capital accumulation facilitates cultivated land out-flow, albeit unevenly across households receiving different subsidies. Multi-category subsidies moderate the relationship between livelihood capitals and cultivated land transfer decision-making, with CAS being vital for sustaining agricultural production and prompting land inflow, while CCFPS and OFTP have opposite effects. Ultimately, this research highlighted the trade-off and even offsetting roles of multi-category subsidies, calling for personalized subsidies based on household cultivated land conditions and planting willingness.

The goals of land use optimization in Russia

The land reform of the 1990s created certain economic and environmental prerequisites for efficient land use. However, they are not implemented due to the complete liberalization of the market and the disengagement of the State from land management, the termination of state land administration. Adjustment of the economic course and strategic planning are considered as the initial condition for land use rationalization and further transformations. As a planning tool, it is proposed to implement regional models of agro-industrial production in development of previously used agricultural management systems based on the development of regional GIS for agroecological land assessment and projecting of adaptive landscape farming systems in M 1 : 100 000. For this purpose, a system of integrated land assessment has been developed, and the experience of land administration projecting, landscape planning, and projecting of adaptive landscape farming systems has been generalized. On the basis of its integration, it is planned to develop new land administration on a landscape basis, and, subsequently, agricultural landscapes projecting.