State Broadcasting Research Articles

Words that Matter: The Power of Effective Communication in Saudi Media and Hr Management

Objective: Effective corporate communications are the foundation on which the goodwill., cooperation and employee motivation are built. The dynamic and complex nature of working environment has interconnected communication and human resources management in a way that would require researchers to further investigate. This study examines the impact of effective communications on human resources management in Saudi Arabia’s Ithra Communications and Partnership Division and Aramco Media Production Division, Saudi Arabia. Theoretical Framework: Considering the knowledge gap, this study utilizes the social network theory of communication. the This study is an extension of an original study conducted at Edo State Broadcasting Services, in Nigeria-Benin City. (Okolie and Ayewumi, 2020). Method: This study was conducted through an online survey for 95 employees working for both media divisions at Ithra and Saudi Aramco at Dhahran City. Results and Discussion: The results reveal that overall, there is a significant relationship between human resource management and effective communication. The study so showed that communication exerts a positive and statistically significant impact on human resource management in the media divisions at Ithra and Saudi Aramco at Dhahran City. Implications of the Research: On the basis of these findings, the study recommends that organizations can attain success through the synergy of communication and human resources management. Originality/Value: The study while a replication study is novel in that it explores the relationships between human resource management and effective communication from a contextual perspective and increases the generalizability of existing research

Michelangelo Antonioni, Tourist Snapshots, and the Politics of the ‘Backward Scene’ in 1970s China

In 1972, Radio Televisione Italiana, Italy's state broadcaster, commissioned famed director Michelangelo Antonioni to film a documentary in the People's Republic of China, following the resumption of diplomatic relations between the two nations. Socialist China, in the throes of the Cultural Revolution, was a subject of intense Western fascination at the time. Radical activists worldwide were drawn to Maoism, and references to the Cultural Revolution abounded in European popular culture. Against this backdrop, Antonioni's Chung kuo/Cina found a receptive audience in Europe and North America. Yet by early 1974 the director's ‘anti-China film,’ which had not yet had a public screening in the nation, became the subject of strident condemnation in China's state media, caught up in struggles between competing political factions. This article presents a close reading of Chung kuo/Cina, and examines how the campaign condemning the film spilled over into stricter management of foreign tourists and the production of new forms of tourist literature by state publishers. Examining how notions of China's ‘backwardness’ implicated photographic practice, this article explores how Chinese officials regulated tourist photography, how foreign tourists understood those regulations, and how guides and ordinary Chinese citizens entered into the visual discourse of tourism on their own terms.

Strategies of Achieving Work-Life Balance Among Married Female Journalists of Taraba State Broadcasting Service (TSBS) Jalingo

In order to reconcile their demanding professional and family commitments, married female journalists frequently confront particular difficulties. The strategies married female journalists use to strike a work-life balance, the effects of such strategies on the mechanisms to aid them overcome the challenges are examined in this study. This research uses in-depth interview, to examine the coping strategies, networks of support, and self-care routines these women employ to manage the demands of their careers and personal lives. The results show that they synergize with their colleagues to meet up, they also have to work ahead of time. It was also revealed that excessive demands and responsibilities lead to conflict leading to increased stress and anxiety due to conflicting demands and responsibilities. The study used Role Conflict Theory which proposes that individuals experience conflict when trying to fulfill multiple roles (e.g., work, family, personal), leading to stress, anxiety, and decreased performance. The theory holds that, excessive demands and responsibilities lead to conflict and that incompatible demands and expectations from different roles also lead to conflict. The study recommends that media stations should recognize and reward hardworking married female Journalists, implement gender sensitive policies like parental leave, childcare. Married Female Journalists should employ maids to relief them of domestic duties; and stations should provide creches for married Female Journalists to take care of their babies. The study contributes to our understanding of the complex interplay between work and family life among married female journalists, providing insights for promoting their well-being and career sustainability.

A Speech Act Analysis of Language of Emotion in Governor Akeredolu's Post Owo Massacre Broadcast

The attack on the worshippers of St. Francis Xavier Catholic Church, Ogwaluwa, Owo, Ondo State, Nigeria has further revealed the state of insecurity in the Nigerian sociospace. The grisly act, referred to as Owo massacre, has attracted widespread condemnation from individuals and groups in and outside the shore of Nigeria. This paper attempts the analysis of the post Owo massacre speech of the Governor of Ondo State, Nigeria, Arakunrin Odunayo Oluwarotimi Akeredolu’s as presented in his state broadcast on Owo terror attack. The text of the Post Owo Massacre Speech of Governor Odunayo Oluwarotimi Akeredolu as contained in his state broadcast made on June 7, 2022, entitled Owo terror attack, was downloaded from the Facebook page of Oluwarotimi Akeredolu Aketi on https://fb.watch/mhM-xkaQUu/ and analysed using Speech Act Theory as propounded by J. L Austin (1962) and expatiated by John Searle (1971). The study identifies the illocutionary acts of assertive, directive, expressive and commissive; analyse the performative functions of the identified illocutionary acts and the communicative element that give effectiveness to the acts in the emotional speech and concludes that emotion dictates the choices of the communicating elements deployed in the post Owo massacre state broadcast of Arakunrin Odunayo Oluwarotimi Akeredolu.

Digital Migration and its Impact on the Programming of State Broadcaster: Case of Radio Pakistan

Digital Migration and its Impact on the Programming of State Broadcaster: Case of Radio Pakistan

News coverage of the Iraqi brain drain issue: an analytical study of the news bulletins of Al Iraqiya TV channel during the period from January 1, 2022, to December 31, 2022

The public today navigates a vast landscape of hundreds of satellite channels offering diverse intellectual discourse. Amidst this multitude, Al-Iraqiya Satellite Channel, the official Iraqi state broadcaster, consistently claims the top spot in viewership and engagement according to local opinion polls. The channel grapples with various issues relevant to the Iraqi public, and prominent among them is the critical phenomenon of Iraqi talent migration. It is this issue's prominence in Al-Iraqiya's news programming that drew the researcher's attention, leading to a detailed analysis of broadcast content focused on brain drain during the year 2022. This research seeks to answer the following question: How did news bulletins on Al-Iraqiya Satellite Channel address the issue of Iraqi talent migration? Employing a descriptive research approach, the researcher utilized a survey method and defined the research population as all news bulletins aired by the channel in 2022. To ensure comprehensiveness, a complete inventory sample of all bulletins addressing the brain drain phenomenon within the specified timeframe was adopted . This analysis yielded several key findings: News coverage of Iraqi talent migration occupied a substantial portion of total news bulletin airtime, amounting to 70 minutes out of a total 540 minutes. The majority of the televised content addressing brain drain took the form of news segments, followed by reports, interviews, analyses, and commentaries, respectively.

The Voice of a Stranger: Rumor, Radio, and the Aurality of Difference in Interwar Japan

Abstract: In the late 1930s, a unique strain of media criticism developed in Japan surrounding radio broadcasting, sound, and the limits of public speech. Galvanized by a ban on "groundless rumors" which stifled independent expression in favor of state broadcasting, many intellectuals heralded rumor as a voice of the people—a mode of aural transmission that presented a more vernacular alternative to the foreign intrusions of broadcast sound. In order to better apprehend this critique, however, this article situates it within a darker history of rumor and aurality that traces back to the violent aftermath of the Great Kanto Earthquake, revealing unspoken anxieties over ethnic and racial difference at the heart of Japan's interwar media discourse.

Israeli and Palestinian Settler Colonialism in New Media: The Case of Roots

Israeli settler colonialism, in time, became highly linked to the idea of a state, culminating in an institution that defends the past, present, and future practises maintaining the relations between the “native” and “settlers”. Settler colonial ideas and practises sustaining binary opposition between the “native” and the “settler” are reproduced not only by Israeli state broadcasters, but also by settler colonial social media. This article proposes media analysis that goes beyond the usual national and conflict narrative and links “settler colonial common sense” with social media impacts and state ideas/sovereign ideas of property that strive to eliminate native people or transfer them outside Israel’s perceived land ownership and sovereignty. This article also shows how Israeli settler colonial politics and narratives are supported by other settler colonial states (especially the United States). New media and settler common sense cannot be disassociated from the Israeli state and global politics, even though some settlers may have their own strategies regarding the relations with native Palestinians. The State of Israel, through massive surveillance technologies and support from other states that view militarisation and population management as crucial to maintaining its power, holds a great deal of influence over how it frames the “conflict” with Palestinians. We witness how both state violence and institutionalised Jewish privilege are recreated on the ground and globally through the new media. This issue is analysed through the “Roots” (a grassroots movement for understanding among Israelis and Palestinians) case study.

Public Perception of Radio Coverage of Farmers/Fulani Herdsmen Conflict in Taraba State: Case Study of Taraba State Broadcasting Service, Jalingo, Nigeria

Farmers and herdsmen conflict was one of the many challenges that have thwarted harmony in most parts of Nigeria. Based on this, radio was always expected to be seen promoting unity and mutual respect through its programs. Therefore, at all times, broadcast media (radio) was expected to adopt a position aimed at dowsing the conflict and promoting mutual understanding and harmony. This research therefore, examined public perception of radio coverage of farmers and Fulani herdsmen conflict in Taraba State. The research focused on Taraba State Broadcasting service, Jalingo. The study was anchored on two theories: Agenda-Setting and Social Responsibility. A survey research design was adopted for the research. The sample size adopted was 400 respondents. The research used a questionnaire to gather data; an in-depth interview complemented it. The method of data analysis adopted was descriptive analysis. Findings showed that the media did not allocate much attention to the conflict, hence the lack of frequent coverage. Findings also showed no detailed dissemination of information about the crises. The research concluded that the broadcast media under study were not conscious of their society by being unprofessional in their coverage of the conflict and not adequately informing people about it. Therefore, the research recommended that broadcast media in Nigeria go beyond their cardinal functions and fully imbibe the practice of conflict reporting and management practice.

"Internal Control Practices and Financial Performance of Bayelsa State Broadcasting Corporation of Nigeria "

The study attempts to establish a link between internal control practices and financial performance inBayelsa State Broadcasting Corporation of Nigeria using both primary and secondary data obtained from the organization through questionnaire and monthly reports of the entity. The objectives, research questions and hypothesis were established in this line to link internal audit and safeguarding of assets with gross surplus margin and net surplus margin. The empirical analysis shows that there is an insignificant relationship between internal control and the performance of parastatals in Nigeria; internal auditing has a positive and insignificant relationship with gross surplus margin; safeguarding of assets has a negative and insignificant relationship with gross surplus margin of government owned companies. It is evident from the findings of the study that internal control plays a minute role in enhancing the performance of government owned companies in Nigeria. It can therefore be deducted that government owned companies are not managed efficiently; downplay authorization, circumvent laid down processes and by-pass procedures. the following recommendations are made: Only competent technocrats should be engaged to head audit units of government owned companies. Experience should be accorded in the appointment of leaders of parastatals.

Effect of Temperature (T) on Frequency Modulated Radio Signal Strength (FMRSS) in Broadcasting System with Osun State Broadcasting Cooperation (OSBC), FM 104.5 MHz as a Reference Station

Effect of Temperature (T) on Frequency Modulated Radio Signal Strength (FMRSS) in Broadcasting System with Osun State Broadcasting Cooperation (OSBC), FM 104.5 MHz as a Reference Station

Assessment of Radio Refractivity and Frequency Modulated Radio Signal Strength Variability with Time in Broadcasting System using Osun State Broadcasting Cooperation (OSBC), FM 104.5 MHz as a Reference Station

Assessment of Radio Refractivity and Frequency Modulated Radio Signal Strength Variability with Time in Broadcasting System using Osun State Broadcasting Cooperation (OSBC), FM 104.5 MHz as a Reference Station

Mina All New: An Unmarried Mother on Italian Television in the Early 1960s

In 1960s Italy, mass culture played an important role in the circulation of ideas as tens-of-millions of people read magazines, listened to music, and watched television. In 1963, Mina – one of Italy’s most popular singers and a variety television star – had an illegitimate child. Despite this public moral lapse, her records continued to sell, magazines reported on her situation, and advertisers continued to use her to promote products. While the Italian state and the Catholic Church sought to guide the public and slow the pace of social change by restricting mass culture, Mina’s case reveals cracks in the mediation of moral content by the state broadcaster and demonstrates the growing influence of middle-class audiences by the end of Italy’s economic ‘miracle’. The article uses magazine and television content, market research, and viewer surveys to argue that Mina’s case shows the importance of mass culture in social change and new limits to church and state control over audiences. Mina’s career recovery would have been unthinkable a few years earlier. Her return to television variety in 1965 demonstrated the importance of mass culture in social change, and a new role for audiences, advertisers and enterprises in setting Italy’s moral codes.

Visions of Europe in Crisis: Strategic narratives and their alternatives in Russian state and independent media coverage of the 2015-16 ‘Refugee Crisis’

What stories do states tell about themselves and their neighbours, and how are these narratives challenged? This study takes the case of the European ‘refugee crisis’ of 2015-2016, a period of hostile relations between Russia and the European Union, to examine the vision of Europe disseminated by Russian state-controlled media, and the alternative offered by independent media. It analyses 609 news reports on the ‘refugee crisis’ from state-controlled broadcaster Channel One and 181 news pieces from the independent web-based outlet TV Rain. Adopting the strategic narrative framework proposed by Miskimmon, O’Loughlin and Roselle (2013), this study both provides new detail on the narratives found on Russian state-controlled media, and asks the previously unresearched question: how do independent media outlets react to the dominant narratives seen on state broadcasters? It uses a grounded theory approach to elaborate new findings on the behaviour of independent media. The importance of independent media has traditionally been understood in terms of its ability to hold government to account, but the findings of this study suggest independent media can also act as a watchdog and corrective to state-controlled media. This study thus contributes to the literature on both strategic narratives, and media theory.

3-of-3 multisignature approach for enabling lightning network micro-payments on IoT devices

Bitcoin's success as a cryptocurrency enabled it to penetrate into many daily life transactions. Its problems regarding the transaction fees and long validation times are addressed through an innovative concept called the Lightning Network (LN) which works on top of Bitcoin by leveraging off-chain transactions. This made Bitcoin an attractive micropayment solution that can also be used within certain IoT applications (e.g., toll payments) since it eliminates the need for traditional centralized payment systems. Nevertheless, it is not possible to run LN and Bitcoin on resource-constrained IoT devices due to their storage, memory, and processing requirements. Therefore, in this paper, we propose an efficient and secure protocol that enables an IoT device to use LN's functions through a gateway LN node even if it is not trusted. The idea is to involve the IoT device only in signing operations, which is possible by replacing LN's original 2-of-2 multisignature channels with 3-of-3 multisignature channels. Once the gateway is delegated to open a channel for the IoT device in a secure manner, our protocol enforces the gateway to request the IoT device's cryptographic signature for all further operations on the channel such as sending payments or closing the channel. LN's Bitcoin transactions are revised to incorporate the 3-of-3 multisignature channels. In addition, we propose other changes to protect the IoT device's funds from getting stolen in possible revoked state broadcast attempts. We evaluated the proposed protocol using a Raspberry Pi considering a toll payment scenario. Our results show that timely payments can be sent and the computational and communication delays associated with the protocol are negligible.

Broadcasting Brotherhood? Interactive Diplomacy and Postcolonial Identity in Kol Yisrael’s African Services, 1960-1966

Between 1960 and 1963, the Israeli government transmitted daily radio programmes to Africa through the state broadcaster Kol Yisrael. Taped programmes in English, French and Swahili were also distributed across the continent while African broadcasters were trained in Israel – practices which continued long after the termination of direct services. At the height of Kol Yisrael’s influence, many officials considered these services to be a crucial part of the nation’s public diplomacy. In subsequent accounts of Israel’s relationship with Africa, however, the role of these broadcasts has been all but ignored. This paper examines the content and reception of Israeli radio broadcasts for Africans as a function of Israel’s international relations. Drawing on transcripts, listener letters and recently declassified archival files, it contends that broadcasts created meaningful expressions of Afro-Israeli solidarity. At the same time, however, Israeli broadcasters often failed to recognise that listeners were interacting with their programmes in new and unexpected ways. By examining the agency and activity of Kol Yisrael’s African listeners, it aims to re-centre the role of the ‘public’ within public diplomacy and make a case for the critical but complicated role of the media in postcolonial international relations.

Peace on the Small Screen: UNPROFOR’s Television Unit in 1994–5 and the ‘Media War’ in Former Yugoslavia

Between early 1994 and the end of the wars in Croatia and Bosnia-Herzegovina, a team of journalists working for the United Nations peacekeeping mission in former Yugoslavia (UNPROFOR) was in charge of a unique televisual experiment – a documentary film unit known as UNTV, which would produce more than 300 films about reconstruction, displacement and peace, to be broadcast on regular slots agreed with local and national broadcasters throughout the region. Departing from UN peacekeeping’s conventional public information output, these films aimed to challenge the ethnonationalist biases that post-Yugoslav state broadcasters employed to varying degrees, and to become a much-needed source of reliable information about conditions on other sides of the front lines. Though UNTV’s existence is hardly registered in the literature on television and other media during the Yugoslav wars, archival evidence from UNTV’s documents and films casts light on how and why the project began, with interpretations of the dynamics of the conflict which were often closer to those of independent anti-war journalists in the region than UNPROFOR command. The tensions that resulted when this commitment clashed with the politicised ideologies of some post-Yugoslav state broadcasters nevertheless show the limits of this attempt to intervene in former Yugoslavia’s so-called ‘media war’.

COVID-19 Internet Responses from the State Broadcast Associations: Community, Industry, and Extent of Spread

ABSTRACT This content analysis of the websites of the 50 USA state broadcast associations found that the majority of the associations quickly pivoted their website content early in the COVID-19 pandemic. Specifically, the majority quickly adapted their websites to include high amounts of COVID-19-related content. The study also found that the majority of that content focused on issues related to industry practices rather than content focused on community concerns. Moreover, industry-facing websites were also more likely to contain high amounts of COVID-19-related content than community-facing websites.

Contemporary television and the concept of transparency

Stuart Hall’s seminal article ‘Encoding, decoding’, while discussing the hegemonic-dominant mode of televisual communication in which the receiver decodes the message ‘straight’, describes it as a ‘transparent’ scenario, referring to the smooth symmetry between the two ends of the encoding and the decoding. By the early 1990s, when private satellite television channels started transmission in India, their operations hinged around a notion of transparency which is entirely different from the sense of ‘straight communication’ which Hall was referring to when he used the term. Calling it ‘process transparency’, I try to show in this article that the private satellite television identified ‘simulating the effect of revealing the encoding process’ as key in producing a spectatorial address distinct from how the state broadcast institution had come to address the viewers. Through a performative revelation of the coding process, which in turn can produce an alluring effect of immediacy, the aesthetics of process transparency promises a higher fidelity in representation. The first part of this article discusses the case of Asianet, the Malayalam satellite channel which, when it started its telecast in 1993 as one of the first private satellite television channels in India, attempted to institute a new set of professional codes that were meant to produce the effect of revealing the internal processes of representation/mediation. The article later explores the larger implications of this route to transparency and immediacy, by identifying and discussing a set of aesthetic registers deployed in news programmes in contemporary television across the world.

Parameterized verification of coverability in infinite state broadcast networks

Parameterized verification of coverability in broadcast networks with finite state processes has been studied for different types of models and topologies. In this paper, we attempt to develop a theory of broadcast networks in which the processes can be well-structured transition systems. The resulting formalism is called well-structured broadcast networks. For various types of communication topologies, we prove the decidability of coverability in the static case, i.e., when the network topology is not allowed to change. We do this by showing that for these types of static communication topologies, the broadcast network itself is a well-structured transition system, hence proving the decidability of coverability in the broadcast network. We also give an algorithm to decide coverability of well-structured broadcast networks when reconfiguration of links between nodes is allowed. Finally, with minor modifications of this algorithm we prove decidability of coverability when the underlying process is a pushdown automaton.