State Administration Of Work Safety Research Articles

Suggestions on Over-the-horizon Cloud Warning System for Collision Avoidance of Two Intersections

As the highway transportation network expands and modern technologies in the automobile industry develops, automobiles contribute a lot to human life, which have also led to many problems such as traffic accidents, traffic jams, environmental pollution, and energy waste. Take traffic accidents as an example. According to the China’s website of the State Administration of Work Safety, in 2011, about 211,000 people died or injured in traffic accidents, with the death toll hitting 62,000. Among all those accidents, rear-end collisions account for a large proportion, as the freeway rear-end accidents was about 33.4% of the total accidents in China and 24% in America. These traffic accidents have not only resulted in huge economic losses, but have also made highways more congested and occupied medical resources.

Why rent-seeking behavior may exist in Chinese mining safety production inspection system and how to alleviate it: A tripartite game analysis

The vertical management structure is widely used in America, Japan, China and other countries for the regulation of mining. However, the safety situation of mining in China is worse than that of America or Japan. Although the vertical management structure has the advantage of relative independence, it also has some drawbacks (i.e. weakening the supervision of vertical management departments). In this paper, we analyze possible problems of vertical management structure in the Chinese mining safety production inspection (CMSPI) system from a theoretical level. It is found that rent-seeking behavior between Local Regulatory Departments of Work Safety and mining enterprises exists within the CMSPI system under situations of fluke mind existing and (or) profit weighing, which may weaken production safety and cause accidents accordingly. Considering the existence of rent-seeking behavior, we construct a tripartite evolutionary game model among the State Administration of Work Safety, Local Regulatory Departments of Work Safety and mining enterprises. In the experimental analysis, we demonstrate the tripartite interaction in the CMSPI system and analyze impact of rent-seeking on it. We show that rent-seeking cost has threshold value. By raising the punishment of illegal mining enterprises or establishing a third-party regulatory department independent of the system, rent-seeking cost can be higher than its threshold, thus the possibility of rent-seeking will be reduced. This paper contributes mainly in two aspects. First, we trail the rent-seeking behavior and its impact on the CMSPI system logically. Second, we propose suggestions, the purpose of which is to effectively reduce rent-seeking and production safety accidents with relatively low regulation cost, and further optimize the CMSPI system.

Incidence, casualties and risk characteristics of civilian explosion blast injury in China: 2000\u20142017 data from the state Administration of Work Safety

BackgroundCivilian explosion blast injury is more frequent in developing countries, including China. However, the incidence, casualties, and characteristics of such incidents in China are unknown.MethodsThis is a retrospective analysis of the State Administration of Work Safety database. Incidents during a period from January 1, 2000 to April 30, 2017 were included in the analysis. The explosions were classified based on the number of deaths into extraordinarily major, major, serious and ordinary type. Descriptive statistics was used to analyze the incidence and characteristics of the explosions. Correlation analysis was performed to examine the potential correlations among various variables.ResultsData base search identified a total of 2098 explosions from 2000 to 2017, with 29,579 casualties: 15,788 deaths (53.4%), 12,637 injured (42.7%) and 1154 missing (3.9%). Majority of the explosions were serious type (65.4%). The number of deaths (39.5%) was also highest with the serious type (P = 0.006). The highest incidence was observed in the fourth quarter of the year (October to December), and at 9:00–11:00 am and 4:00–6:00 pm of the day. The explosions were most frequent in coal-producing provinces (Guizhou and Shanxi Province). Coal mine gas explosions resulted majority of the deaths (9620, 60.9%). The number of explosion accidents closely correlated with economic output (regional economy and national GDP growth rate) (r = − 0.372, P = 0.040; r = 0.629, P = 0.028).ConclusionsThe incidence and civilian casualties due to explosions remain unacceptabe in developing China. Measures that mitigate the risk factors are of urgently required.

China–ASEAN Relations April 2018 to June 2018: Chronology of Events

China–ASEAN Relations April 2018 to June 2018: Chronology of Events Chen Juan (bio) As a research institute based in Singapore, the EAI monitors developments in relations and interactions between China and the individual countries of Southeast Asia as well as the ASEAN grouping as a whole. This material is presented in the form of (i) a chronology of events and (ii) important documents. —the Editors APRIL 2018 1st–2nd Chinese State Councillor and Foreign Minister Wang Yi is in Hanoi, Vietnam for an official visit and meets separately with Vietnam’s General Secretary of the Communist Party Central Committee Nguyen Phu Trong, President Tran Dai Quang and Prime Minister Nguyen Xuan Phuc. Both sides agree to speed up the alignment between the “Belt and Road Initiative” and the “Two Corridors and One Economic Circle”. Wang also suggests that both sides should adopt a prudent approach when addressing sensitive matters such as maritime issues. 4th The Fifth ASEAN Occupational Safety and Health Network Conference convenes labour officials, private companies and other stakeholders from the ASEAN member states, as well as partners from the State Administration of Work Safety of China, the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare of Japan, the Korea Occupational Safety and Health Agency, the International Labour Organization, International Association of Labour Inspection, and the Asia Pacific Occupational Safety and Health Organization in Siem Reap, Cambodia. The conference discusses issues on occupational safety and health, as well as work injury compensation in the informal sector and rural employment. 6th–7th The seminar on “Migrant Workers’ Contribution to an East Asia Economic Community”, held in Siem Reap, Cambodia, convenes officials, academics and representatives from the private sectors of the ASEAN member states, China and Republic of Korea to participate in discussions on methods to improve the conditions of migrant workers engaged in low-income jobs and those without social protection. The seminar also touches upon overseas job opportunities, vocational training, reduction of migration costs, protection from abuses, labour inspections, and occupational safety and health, among others. Recommendations for actions are developed for the consideration of the ASEAN Senior Labour Officials Meeting. 8th Singapore Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong meets with Chinese Premier Li Keqiang in Beijing during his working visit to China (Beijing, Hainan and Shanghai) at the invitation of Li. Both leaders jointly witness the signing of bilateral documents in fields such as cooperation in third-party markets, and people-to-people and cultural engagement. The foreign ministers of both countries also meet to discuss bilateral diplomatic relations as well as issues relating to China–US trade friction. 9th Singapore Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong meets with Chinese Vice President Wang Qishan. Wang expresses that “Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era” will guide China in building a moderately prosperous society in all respects and heading for the second centenary goal. The concept of opening up in the new era has rich connotations. China will unswervingly expand opening-up at a higher level. China–Singapore relations are of strategic and forward-looking significance and bilateral cooperation will enjoy mutual benefits and win–win results. China is willing, together with Singapore, to learn from each other to promote all-round development in bilateral relations. Lee expresses optimism about a sound development in Singapore–China relations and China’s positive role in the building of a global governance system. The ASEAN–China Governors/Mayors’ Dialogue, held in Hainan, China, is a part of the Boao Forum for Asia Annual Conference 2018. Representatives from China, the ASEAN region, Croatia and Finland participate in discussions on cruise tourism cooperation along the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road. The dialogue focuses on the operation of international cruise routes, particularly the coordination of various sectors for infrastructure construction, development of policies and regulations, training of service and sales personnel, and relaxation of cruise visa policies. 10th Chinese President Xi Jinping meets with Philippine President Rodrigo Duterte, who is in China’s Hainan province to attend the Boao Forum. Both leaders witness the signing of cooperation documents. Xi points out that China–Philippines relations have undergone the “turnaround” stage to “consolidation” over the past two years, and the task for 2018...

Relationship between Gross Domestic Product and Accident in China

The accident and death data from 2002 to 2015 were obtained from State Administration of Work Safety of China to investigate the relationship between gross domestic product (GDP) and accident. The statistical analysis shows that the accident, death and the death rate of per hundred million yuan present an exponential decreasing trend with the increase of national GDP. The chemical accident data in different provinces were further analyzed. It shows that the dangerous chemical accidents primarily distribute in the regions with better economic development, so more safety measures should be taken to prevent the accidents during economic development. In addition, the next three years of accidents were predicted based on auto-regressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model. The results show that the following two years accidents predicted will be reduced by 4.3% and 6.5% than the last year.

How Do Witness Deaths Impact Learning from Accidents? A Case Study of 58 Investigation Reports from Fatal Accidents in China

Using 58 investigation reports of fatal accidents from the State Administration of Work Safety of China (SAWSC), we studied how witness deaths affected several key variables using a Spearman correlation analysis and an ordinal regression analysis with three functions. We found that survivor and behavior data (gained from recording systems) significantly affected the information gathered about accidents. The behavior data and the course of the accidents also influenced whether the causes were successfully determined. Then we propose a “death paradox” to show that the people closer to an accident’s core area are more likely to obtain key information, but are also more likely to be killed. We concluded that: (1) Surviving witnesses provide intuitive information about an accident, but are unsure of the cause(s); (2) Comprehensive techniques for recording information are vital to learning from an accident; and (3) The characteristics of a particular industry may influence the importance of a witness in an investigation.

Evolution of Stress Concentration and Energy Release Before Rock Bursts: Two Case Studies from Xingan Coal mine, Hegang, China

Since the first recorded rock burst occurred in England in 1738, more than 20 countries have reported rock bursts (Kabiesz and Makowka 2009; Ortlepp and Stacey 1994; Patynska and Kabiesz 2009; Patynska 2013; Uszko 2009), including Germany, South Africa, Poland, the Czech Republic, Canada, Japan, France, etc. In China, rock bursts have become a common safety issue in underground coal mining. The number of coal mines experiencing rock bursts has increased annually (Jiang et al. 2010; Li et al. 2015). To date, 142 coal mines in China have suffered rock bursts which resulted in large economic losses and heavy casualties. For instance, the rock burst on 15 March 2013 in Junde Coal mine, Hegang City, caused the closure of a 200 m gateway, trapped 24 people, and killed four (Lu et al. 2015). The rock burst on 3 November 2011 in Qianqiu Coal mine, Yima City trapped 75 people underground and killed 10 people (Li et al. 2015). The rock burst on 14 February 2005 in Sunjiawan Coal mine, Fuxin City, caused a serious gas explosion and killed 214 people (State Administration of Work Safety, State Administration of Coalmine Safety 2005). The temporal and spatial evolution of mining-induced tremors reveals the process of initiation, development, and expansion of micro-fractures inside the coal-rock mass together with energy accumulation and release. This process may develop to cause either a tremor or a rock burst (Li et al. 2014; Wang et al. 2013). Tremors, rock bursts, or both are more likely to be induced in high-stress regions and the energy released therein is much higher. Therefore, rock burst risk can be evaluated by locating high-stress, and high-energy, regions. Microseismic (MS) monitoring is applicable when detecting the location and energy of mining-induced tremors. Recently, seismic velocity tomography (SVT) has been widely used for inference of high-stress distribution zones in underground mines by introducing seismic signals received by MS monitoring systems. For instance, Luxbacher et al. (2008) and Hosseini et al. (2012, 2013) conducted SVT by introducing mining-induced seismic signals, and found that high-velocity regions agreed well with high-abutment stress regions as predicted by numerical modelling, both of which were observed to redistribute as the coalface advanced. Dou et al. (2012), Banka and Jaworski (2010), and Lurka (2008) conducted SVT at regular time intervals during longwall mining, and found that rock bursts, or strong seismic events (i.e. tremors in underground mining), mainly occurred in high-velocity regions. Meanwhile, the bursting strain energy (BSE) index, which views rock bursts as a process of energy accumulation and release in the coal-rock mass as mining activities disturb the in situ stress field, was proposed here to characterise the spatial distribution of tremors [refer to Cai et al. (2015) for more details]. It was found that the & Si-yuan Gong libcumt@163.com

Cross-borehole hydraulic slotting technique for preventing and controlling coal and gas outbursts during coal roadway excavation

Coal and gas outbursts comprise the predominant hazards in Chinese coal mines. A large number of accidents have occurred during coal roadway excavation. In this study, we propose the application of a cross-borehole hydraulic slotting technique for preventing and controlling coal and gas outburst disasters during coal roadway excavations. In this technique, a high-pressure water jet is applied in a coal body to cut a slot. This helps to increase the permeability of the coal seam, improve the gas-extraction efficiency of the borehole, and prevent and control coal and gas outburst disasters during excavations. In the field test in which hydraulic slotting was employed, the average mass of coal that was discharged from a slotted borehole is 8.2 t; the weight of the largest discharged mass is 16 t. The diameter of the slotted borehole is 12.87 times the diameter of a conventional borehole, which effectively improves the borehole's influence range. After half a month of gas extraction, the average gas-extraction concentration for the slotted borehole is 26%, whereas the average gas-extraction concentration of the conventional borehole is 7%, that is, the gas-extraction concentration for the slotted borehole is approximately 3.7 times the gas-extraction concentration of the conventional borehole. After four months of gas extraction, the residual gas content and gas pressure for the 11091 transportation roadway satisfy the requirement of the State Administration of Work Safety. A conventional borehole requires a minimum period of six months to prevent and control outbursts, whereas a slotted borehole requires a minimum period of four months. These results suggest that the technology can improve the efficiency of gas drainage, reduce the gas drainage time, and is a potential application for preventing and controlling future gas disasters.

Roadway Stagger Layout for Effective Control of Gob-Side Rock Bursts in the Longwall Mining of a Thick Coal Seam

Currently, rock bursts pose a serious threat to the safety of miners and equipment in underground coal mining operations, especially in China. The number of coal mines with rock burst hazards is increasing year by year with no signs of letting up. By 31 December 2013, there were 142 coal mines in China which had experienced rock bursts. Each year, rock bursts cause considerable economic loss and enormous casualties. For instance, a rock burst induced by a large thrust fault caused 10 deaths and trapped 75 people on 3 November 2011 during the headgate excavation of LW21221 in Qianqiu coal mine, Yima City, China (Cai et al. 2014a, b; Li et al. 2014). Rock bursts are serious not only because the hazard itself can cause damage, but because it can cause a series of secondary disasters, such as coal and gas outbursts, and gas explosions. The most serious gas explosion recorded to date killed 214 people, injured 30 people, and caused a direct economic loss of U49.689 million. It happened on 14 February 2005 in Sunjiawan coal mine, Fuxin City, China. Investigation revealed that the gas explosion was induced by a rock burst (State Administration of Work Safety, State Administration of Coal Mine Safety 2005). Existing research mainly concentrates on the monitoring, prediction, and prevention of rock bursts (Adoko et al. 2013; Cai et al. 2014a, 2014b; Kornowski and Kurzeja 2012; Mu et al. 2013). Control measures against rock bursts are usually passive and include: de-stress blasting (Konicek et al. 2013), directional fracturing (He et al. 2012a), large-diameter drilling (Li et al. 2014), etc. These measures are time-consuming and only reduce rock burst potential without complete elimination of the hazard. The latest statistical data (Pan et al. 2013) show that 87 % of rock bursts occurred in roadways in China’s coal mines. Compared with the 72.6 % seen from previous statistics (Dou and He 2001), this proportion has increased. Among roadway rock bursts, gob-side rock bursts (GRBs) (i.e., rock bursts occurring in gob-side roadways) account for the majority. For example, the eight rock bursts in the No. 17 coal seam of Xing’an coal mine, Hegang City, China, caused damage to the tailgate and the longwall face eight and two times, respectively. However, the headgate was not damaged at all (see Fig. 1a). The 22 rock bursts in the No. 17 coal seam of Junde coal mine, Hegang City, caused damage to the tailgate, the longwall face, and the headgate 18 times, five times, and once, respectively (see Fig. 1b). Both tailgates in the two coal mines are gob-side roadways. It is common in other coal mines that GRBs account for the majority of rock bursts because gob-side roadways bear a higher stress. If GRBs are controlled effectively, rock burst hazards will be significantly mitigated. In this work, a case study of Yuejin coal mine (YCM) in Yima City, China, was analyzed to ascertain whether, or not, roadway staggered layouts could control GRBs. The aim of this study was to deduce whether, or not, this & Lin-ming Dou lmdou@cumt.edu.cn; kdlzl2010@163.com

Challenging the emerging narrative: Critical examination of coalmining safety in China, and recommendations for tackling mining hazards

Coal mining remains a dangerous occupation worldwide, and in China where this industry is strategically important for the country’s economic development, its safety track record is particularly gruesome. Between 1990 and 1999, thousands of small and large-scale accidents in Chinese underground coalmines have caused over a reported sixty thousand fatalities. To tackle this significant problem, several laws were passed in support of mining safety, and two major institutional innovations were adopted in the late 1990s and early 2000s: the establishment of the State Administration of Coal Mine Safety (SACMS) and the State Administration of Work Safety (SAWS), the former is subsumed under the latter. Since the establishment of SAWS/SACMS, a new safety narrative has emerged, which posits that significant safety improvements have occurred over the last decade in Chinese coalmines, and that these improvements are the result of effective government policy and safety regulations.The findings in this work, based on publically available official data, challenge this new safety narrative on several fronts. For example, we found evidence of significant under-reporting of fatality numbers in coal mining accidents. We also found that mining accidents are sometimes (mis)classified as “natural disasters”, and as a result, their fatality numbers are not tallied in the official statistics. We assessed that the official fatality statistics may underestimate the actual fatality numbers by a factor ranging from 3 to 5. More importantly, we found it doubtful that safety improvements have occurred in operating Chinese coalmines since 2000. We inferred that the reduction in total fatality and accident numbers could be explained by the closure of small mines or the exclusion of their fatality statistics. We concluded with some recommendations and a list of coal mining hazards prioritized for targeted safety interventions and improvements.

Occupational health and safety in China

Page 8 Volume 22 Issue 4 2015 INTERNATIONAL union rights FOCUS ❐ LABOUR SITUATION IN CHINA Workers’ Rights The 2002 Work Safety Law provided for significant worker rights including the right to know about hazards and to suggest remedies, the right to inform against, criticise and accuse, the right to refuse unsafe work, to stop dangerous work and leave the workplace, the right of protection from discipline, the right to compensation, and the right to education and training. The Work Safety Law specifies that all labour contracts must clearly identify and cover work safety issues, including references to measures to prevent occupational hazards and details of any statutorily required insurance program relating to workplace injuries.Expanded requirements for worker education and training are in the amendments. This education and training must be conducted and logged (content, time, attendees and evaluation ) by the safety supervisor so government supervisors can evaluate compliance. Employers are required to ensure dispatched workers and interns receive education and training. Role of Trade Union Article 7 of the Work Safety Law stipulates the trade union’s role in safeguarding the legitimate rights and interests of workers in work safety and in supervising work safety by making arrangements for employees to participate in the democratic management of and supervision over work safety in their workplace. Employers must solicit opinions from their trade unions in formulating or revising rules and systems related to work safety. Article 52 of the statute gives extensive rights to the union to participate in and have input into the design, construction and commissioning of safety facilities and construction projects. When unions discover life-threatening situations they have the right to put forward suggestions for remedies and the employer must respond in a timely manner. They have the right to demand employers set right their violations of work safety laws and regulations and infringements of workers’ rights. The union has the right to advise the employer to rectify dangerous situations, rectify orders or directions that violate safety rules or regulations or create risk and rectify hidden dangers that may lead to accidents. The employer must give a timely reply to the union’s advice. If workers’ lives are threatened, the union has the right to suggest organised evacuation of the workplace and the employer must deal with such situations immediately. The new amendments expand the union’s role to participate in accident investigations and to suggest the authorities investigate the people involved. The industrial revolution that took Europe centuries to develop, took only decades in China, but at what price? CATHY WALKER, retired Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) Director, Canadian Auto Workers Union (now Unifor) C hina’s ‘economic miracle’, which began in 1979 with the ascension of Deng Xiaoping as head of the country, has been achieved with great cost to China’s workers. The industrial revolution that began in Britain with the Enclosure Acts forcing peasants to the cities to become the new industrial proletariat was at a snail’s pace by comparison. What took Europe centuries to develop, China took only decades. But what a terrible price to pay for the more than 250 million Chinese peasants who migrated to the cities in search of work after the end of the commune system in the countryside in 1980. We have all heard how many Chinese workers are killed at one time in coal mine explosions, factory fires and the like. The statistics mirror the early days of industrial development in Europe and North America. According to SAWS (State Administration of Work Safety), in 2013 there were more than 270,000 accidents in which 2,549 people died. SAWS also reports that the death rate for every million metric ton of coal produced in 2013 was 0.288, 10 times higher than the death rate in developed countries. The death rate from catastrophic incidents is dwarfed by deaths from occupational disease, especially from coal miners’ pneumoconiosis (black lung). According to China’s Ministry of Health, between 2005 and 2010 there were 750,000 cases of occupational disease. And occupational disease is notoriously underreported in China as it is in every country. New OHS Laws and Amendments It is therefore heartening to see that there...

Lessons learned for process safety management in China

A number of chemical accidents have occurred in China over the past two decades with significant impact on humans and the environment. It is expected that lessons will have been learned from these accidents that will help industries to reduce the risk that catastrophic chemical accidents occur in future. In fact, to some extent there is evidence that lessons have been learned, to the extent that the Chinese government has substantially strengthened legislation and regulatory standards. Nonetheless, there remains a concern that much more still needs to be done to reduce chemical accidents risks in China. Important progress in this area requires not only government support but a commitment across all hazardous industries to learn from past accidents that may in many cases require establishment or considerable improvement of their safety management systems. To assist small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), in this effort, results of an analysis of common causes of the chemical accidents reported in the Major Accident Information (MAI) website of Chinese State Administration of Work Safety (SAWS) are presented in this paper In particular, inadequate process hazard analysis (PHA), training and emergency response planning (ERP) were identified as the top three process safety management (PSM) elements that contribute to most of the SMEs accidents in China. Seven recommendations are proposed in order to improve the effectiveness of lesson learning for government agencies and SMEs.

Identification Model and Indicator of Outburst-Prone Coal Seams

Coal and gas outburst with a sudden and violent ejection of a large amount of coal and gas from the working face is the most harmful dynamic phenomenon during coal mining (Aguado and Nicieza 2007; Lama and Bodziony 1998; Torano et al. 2012). Outbursts have occurred in all the major coal-producing countries around the world; however, nearly one-third of the total outbursts have occurred in China (Guan et al. 2009; Skoczylas 2012; Xu et al. 2006). The process of judging the possible occurrence of coal and gas outburst in the near future is defined as the identification of outburst-prone coal seams, which is of great significance for underground mining safety. The identification of outburst-prone coal seams can be conducted before or after the occurrence of dynamic phenomenon. Since the vast majority of coal seams do not show dynamic phenomenon, it is necessary to identify outburst-prone coal seams before the occurrence of dynamic phenomenon. To this end, many dynamic characteristic indicators have been used. For example, gas content thresholds of 9 m/t for CH4 and 6 m /t for CO2 were used in the Sydney Basin to indicate outburst-prone conditions, but they were based on empirical experience from operations and may vary from one coal seam to another. The DP indicator, based on the initial rate of gas desorption from coal, has been widely adopted in Europe. However, in Australia, outbursts occurred in coal seams showing low DP values (Beamish and Crosdale 1998). Currently in China, the ‘‘Four Indicators [degree of coal fracturing (for more details, see Table 1), Protodyakonov strength index (f), initial rate of gas emission (DP), and gas pressure (P)] Method’’ given in the Chinese standard AQ 1024-2006 (State Administration of Work Safety, SAWS 2006) is used as the standard for the identification of outburst-prone coal seams. If all the measured values of the four indicators exceed their thresholds given in Table 2, the coal seam is identified as an outburst-prone coal seam. This method has been widely used in China for its simplicity. However, the predictions with the ‘‘Four Indicators Method’’ are not always consistent with the occurrence of dynamic phenomenon during underground mining, and outbursts causing large casualties still occur in some nonoutburst seams identified using this method. Thus, the accurate identification of outburst-prone coal seams is an urgent issue. In this paper, a novel identification model under the ideal condition of uncovering coal in crosscut (IUCC) is proposed, in which the initial expansion energy of released gas (IEERG) is used as an indicator to identify outburstprone coal seams. To obtain the threshold of the IEERG indicator, numerous experiments of coal and gas outburst were carried out and the IEERG of coal samples were measured. After that, the ‘‘IEERG Indicator Method’’ was used on the spot to verify its accuracy. C. Jiang (&) L. Xu X. Li J. Tang Y. Chen S. Tian H. Liu School of Safety Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu, China e-mail: xlh0612@163.com

Safety Early Warning Research for Highway Construction Based on Case-Based Reasoning and Variable Fuzzy Sets

As a high-risk subindustry involved in construction projects, highway construction safety has experienced major developments in the past 20 years, mainly due to the lack of safe early warnings in Chinese construction projects. By combining the current state of early warning technology with the requirements of the State Administration of Work Safety and using case-based reasoning (CBR), this paper expounds on the concept and flow of highway construction safety early warnings based on CBR. The present study provides solutions to three key issues, index selection, accident cause association analysis, and warning degree forecasting implementation, through the use of association rule mining, support vector machine classifiers, and variable fuzzy qualitative and quantitative change criterion modes, which fully cover the needs of safe early warning systems. Using a detailed description of the principles and advantages of each method and by proving the methods' effectiveness and ability to act together in safe early warning applications, effective means and intelligent technology for a safe highway construction early warning system are established.

Analysis on occupational-related safety fatal accident reports of China, 2001–2008

Introduction To study the epidemiological characteristics on fatal accidents of China. Method Adopt descriptive research approach to describe accident report data during January 1st, 2001 to December 31st, 2008 that caused more than nine deaths each, which were published by the State Administration of Work Safety subordinated by State Council. Result Nine hundred and sixty two occupational-related fatal accidents (caused more than nine deaths) are found in 31 provinces, causing 17,112 deaths, 8222 injuries. Discussion Safety accidents frequently happened these years in China. Safety accidents frequently happened these years in China. The occurrence of safety accidents can be associated with risk factors from multiple perspectives such as workers, occupational environment, social environment, natural environment, regulations, and injury objects. Strength of supervision and adjustment of public health policy are needed in China to decrease the occurrence rate of fatal accidents.

EARTHQUAKE HALTS CHEMICAL OUTPUT

THE 7.9-MAGNITUDE earthquake that hammered China on May 12 also wreaked havoc on the chemical industry in the southwest province of Sichuan. However, the extent of the damage is still unclear. The deadly quake’s epicenter was in Wenchuan county, about 100 miles northwest of the provincial capital of Chengdu. The cities of Dujiangyan, Shifang, and Deyang, all located 30 to 50 miles northwest of Chengdu, are home to a number of chemical production facilities. China’s official Xinhua news agency reports that two unidentified chemical plants collapsed and that 80 metric tons of ammonia leaked in the village of Yinghua near Shifang. The leak forced the evacuation of 6,000 people. The State Administration of Work Safety ordered chemical plants in the area to stop production and to inspect their facilities. Julie Zhao, a saleswoman in the Henan office of the fertilizer producer Shifang Anda Chemicals, tells C&EN that her company’s production facilities in Shifang are mostly ...

Chemical Plant Blast Kills 22 People In China

A July 28 explosion at a chemical plant in Jiangsu, China, killed 22 people and injured 29 others. The facility was in the process of starting up production of fluorobenzene, an explosive material used in pharmaceutical and agrochemical production. The accident occurred in Linhai County, Sheyang Township, in the eastern province of Jiangsu, at a facility owned by Jiangsu Yancheng Fuyuan Chemical Co. News reports have described Fuyuan as a Sino- German joint venture, but there is no mention of a German partner on the company's website, where the firm calls itself a Chinese entity founded in 1958 and privatized in 1998. Fuyuan says it has secured both ISO 9000 and ISO 14000 certifications. Sun Hua Shan, vice director of China's State Administration of Work Safety, visited the scene of the accident and promised a thorough investigation. He said a top priority was to control contaminated water left at the ...