Starch Iodine Research Articles

Co-Gelatinization Modification of Iodine–Starch and Its Performance in Drilling Fluid

Modified starch is used as a drilling fluid treatment agent in oilfields. During the drilling process, modified starch plays a vital role in the drilling fluid system, but its poor temperature resistance limits its application in oilfields. Therefore, this paper studied the performance of several starches in water-based drilling fluids through co-gelatinization modification; studied the effectiveness of several modifiers in gelatinized starch drilling fluids, combined with flow modification performance tests, bentonite linear expansion rate, salt resistance, and other experimental methods to complete the screening of the best modified starch; and systematically compared the temperature resistance, inhibition, compatibility, and salt resistance before and after gelatinization. The possible mechanism of action of modified starch treatment was analyzed and tested by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), laser particle size analyzer and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results showed that the decomposition temperatures of cassava starch (TS), potato starch (PS), and corn starch (CS) were different, and the decomposition temperature of cassava starch (TS) was the highest, at 150 °C. At this temperature, the optimal dosage of gelatinized TS is 2.5%, the maximum shear force is 2.25 Pa, and the filtration loss is only 12.6 mL. TS has obvious performance advantages over other starches. After co-gelatinization with 1.0% iodine and 2.5% TS at 140 °C, it has a good viscosity reduction and filtration loss effect, and the filtration loss is only 5.2 mL, which is 31.6% lower than that of untreated TS drilling fluid. The linear expansion rate at 120 min is 10.85%, indicating that it has a strong inhibitory effect on the hydration and dispersion of bentonite. In addition, iodine cassava starch (ITS) has good compatibility in drilling-fluid formulations and shows good salt resistance when mixed with different concentrations of KCl. The results of this study can be used to improve the temperature resistance of filtration agents and facilitate related research.

Construction of an amylolytic Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain with high copies of α-amylase and glucoamylase genes integration for bioethanol production from sweet potato residue.

Sweet potato residue (SPR) is the by-product of starch extraction from fresh sweet potatoes and is rich in carbohydrates, making it a suitable substrate for bioethanol production. An amylolytic industrial yeast strain with co-expressing α-amylase and glucoamylase genes would combine enzyme production, SPR hydrolysis, and glucose fermentation into a one-step process. This consolidated bioprocessing (CBP) shows great application potential in the economic production of bioethanol. In this study, a convenient heterologous gene integration method was developed. Eight copies of a Talaromyces emersonii α-amylase expression cassette and eight copies of a Saccharomycopsis fibuligera glucoamylase expression cassette were integrated into the genome of industrial diploid Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain 1974. The resulting recombinant strains exhibited clear transparent zones in the iodine starch plates, and SDS-PAGE analysis indicated that α-amylase and glucoamylase were secreted into the culture medium. Enzymatic activity analysis demonstrated that the optimal temperature for α-amylase and glucoamylase was 60-70°C, and the pH optima for α-amylase and glucoamylase was 4.0 and 5.0, respectively. Initially, soluble corn starch with a concentration of 100 g/L was initially used to evaluate the ethanol production capability of recombinant amylolytic S. cerevisiae strains. After 7 days of CBP fermentation, the α-amylase-expressing strain 1974-temA and the glucoamylase-expressing strain 1974-GA produced 33.03 and 28.37 g/L ethanol, respectively. However, the 1974-GA-temA strain, which expressed α-amylase and glucoamylase, produced 42.22 g/L ethanol, corresponding to 70.59% of the theoretical yield. Subsequently, fermentation was conducted using the amylolytic strain 1974-GA-temA without the addition of exogenous α-amylase and glucoamylase, which resulted in the production of 32.15 g/L ethanol with an ethanol yield of 0.30 g/g. The addition of 20% glucoamylase (60 U/g SPR) increased ethanol concentration to 50.55 g/L, corresponding to a theoretical yield of 93.23%, which was comparable to the ethanol production observed with the addition of 100% α-amylase and glucoamylase. The recombinant amylolytic strains constructed in this study will facilitate the advancement of CBP fermentation of SPR for the production of bioethanol.

Exposing Milk Adulteration in Iraq Markets

This study evaluated eighteen unflavored milk samples from local markets in Karbala, Diyala, Basra, Kirkuk, Wasit, and Babil, Iraq, to detect adulteration. Using total solids measurements, refractive index tests, and iodine starch tests, we aimed to assess milk quality. Except for sample No. 6, all samples tested negative for starch, indicating minimal thickening agent adulteration. However, samples 4, 5, 11, and 13 failed the refractive index test, suggesting water adulteration. These findings highlight the need for better monitoring and regulation to ensure milk purity and protect public health across different Iraqi regions. Highlights: Identified milk adulteration in six Iraqi governorates. Sample 6 tested positive for starch adulteration. Samples 4, 5, 11, 13 failed refractive index test. Keywords: milk adulteration, Iraqi markets, quality control, refractive index, starch test

Detection of citrus greening disease and field efficacy of anti-pathogen chemicals against the disease in mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco.) in Gulmi, Nepal

Citrus cultivation in Nepal faces a persistent decline due to the widespread prevalence of Huanglongbing (HLB), also known as Citrus Greening Disease, across citrus-growing regions. This has resulted in significant economic losses for farmers, prompting them to actively seek preventive and remedial measures. In a study conducted at Resunga Municipality and Dhurkot Rural Municipality, Gulmi, aimed at addressing this decline, 51 orchards were assessed for HLB using the starch iodine test. Concurrently, the efficacy of anti-pathogen chemicals in managing citrus greening disease in mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco) was evaluated. An experiment was designed, incorporating eight treatments in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. Each replication included eight treatments designated as follows: T1: Neem oil 5ml/l + Lentinan 2ml/l, T2: Neem Oil 5ml/l + B. amyloliquefacians 5ml/l, T3: Neem oil 5ml/l + Pseudomonas 5ml/l, T4: Imidacloprid 0.02% + Copper Oxychloride 0.025%, T5: Imidacloprid 0.02% + Streptocycline 250ppm, T6: B. thuringiensis 2ml/l + Pseudomonas 5ml/l, T7: B. thuringiensis 2ml/l + B. amyloliquefacians 5ml/l, T8: control. Results revealed that among the orchards tested, 18 were positive for HLB, representing 35.2% of the sample size. Notably, plots treated with Neem oil + B. amyloliquefacians and B. thuringiensis + B. amyloliquefacians exhibited the most significant reduction in disease severity compared to the control. Based on these findings, foliar application of Neem oil at a concentration of 5ml/l along with B. amyloliquefacians at 5ml/l, and B. thuringiensis at 2ml/l along with B. amyloliquefacians at 5ml/l at monthly intervals showed promising results in reducing the severity of citrus greening.

Eccrine angiomatous hamartoma – A rare painful skin tumor

We report a 68-year-old male with a progressively enlarging, reddish raised painful lesion on the right arm for the previous 3 years. The starch iodine test was positive, dermoscopic findings were yellowish-brown globules on an erythematous background. Biopsy from the lesion showed the presence of eccrine glands, hair follicles, and lobules of capillary sized vessels surrounding hair follicles in the dermis. On immunohistochemistry, epithelial membrane antigen (a marker for eccrine gland) and CD31 (endothelial marker) were positive. A final diagnosis of eccrine angiomatous hamartoma (EAH) was made. There should be a high index of suspicion about EAH if the skin lesions are reddish and tender with associated localized sweating.

The Iodine/Iodide/Starch Supramolecular Complex

The nature of the blue color in the iodine–starch reaction (or, in most cases, iodine–iodide-starch reaction, i.e., I2 as well as I− are typically present) has for decades elicited debate. The intensity of the color suggests a clear charge-transfer nature of the band at ~600 nm, and there is consensus regarding the fact that the hydrophobic interior of the amylose helix is the location where iodine binds. Three types of possible sources of charge transfer have been proposed: (1) chains of neutral I2 molecules, (2) chains of poly-iodine anions (complicated by the complex speciation of the I2-I− mixture), or (3) mixtures of I2 molecules and iodide or polyiodide anions. An extended literature review of the topic is provided here. According to the most recent data, the best candidate for the “blue complex” is an I2-I5−-I2 unit, which is expected to occur in a repetitive manner inside the amylose helix.

Development of smart core–shell nanoparticles-based sensors for diagnostics of salivary alpha-amylase in biomedical and forensics

Abstract Smart biocompatible materials that respond to a variety of external stimuli have a lot of potential in the creation of low-cost diagnostic biosensors. The present work describes the creation of core–shell nanoparticles as a biosensor for smart enzyme detection of salivary alpha-amylase (sAA). A chitosan-tripolyphosphate core was generated via ionic gelation and was coated with a starch–iodine shell to create biocompatible core–shell nanoparticles. The starch–iodine shell was ruptured in the presence of certain amounts of amylase, exposing the core. This application explains a noticeable color change from blue to white that can be used to identify sAA at the point of care. Synthesized nanoparticles were examined for scanning electron microscopy analysis and energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX). An EDX report reveals that the nanoparticles have higher carbon content at 55% followed by an oxygen atom of 35%. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopic analysis revealed that the core–shell nanoparticles have carbonyl (C═O) functional groups present. A confirmatory test of amylase reaction on nanoparticle-impregnated paper turns blue to white indicating that the nanoparticle reacts with amylase as an indicator. This paper-based method can be used in future applications in forensic and medical applications.

Chemical structure and gelation characteristics of a purified gel derived from sword beans (Canavaliagladiata)

Herein, a new method was developed to obtain a crude extract from sword beans at a higher extraction efficiency. The crude extract formed a gel at 8 °C, which melted at 70 °C, and lyophilization of the purified gel produced a powder that could be dissolved in distilled water at a concentration of 7 % (w/w) or less. A 3 % powder solution gelled at 12 °C and melted at 60 °C. The infrared spectrum of the gel powder was consistent with that of starch. Furthermore, a 4-aminobenzoic acid ethyl ester-labeling analysis revealed that glucose was the constituent sugar in the powder, and the powder solution reacted strongly in a starch–iodine test. These observations confirmed that the gelling substance was starch. However, the melting and gelling temperatures were dissimilar to those of other starches frequently used in the food industry. Thus, our results provide valuable information for using sword bean starch as a novel food material.

The Efficacy of Long-Pulsed, 1064-nm Nd:YAG Laser Versus Aluminum Chloride 20% Solution in the Treatment of Axillary Hyperhidrosis.

Introduction: Hyperhidrosis (HH) refers to uncontrollable excessive sweating that has a significant negative impact on the quality of life. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy and safety of the long-pulsed, 1064-nm Nd:YAG laser and aluminum chloride (ALCL3 ) 20% solution in axillary HH treatment. Methods: In this single-center, within-patient comparison clinical trial, 12 patients with axillary HH were treated monthly for 3 to 4 consecutive sessions with the long-pulsed, 1064-nm Nd:YAG laser system on one axilla, while the contralateral axilla was treated with ALCL3 20 % by the patient. Treatment response was evaluated by comparing the area of sweating at the end of each session and 6 months after treatment termination using the iodine starch test. Results: Both treatments led to the reduction of HH from baseline with the mean area of sweating reduced from 109.3±36.6 to 38.3±19.8 and from 92.5±31.6 to 35.6±17.1 in laser- and ALCL3-treated axilla respectively (Both P<0.001). In the 6-month follow-up, the area of sweating was 60.6±29.2 in the laser-treated armpit and 78.3±23.6 in the ALCL3-treated side, which were 45% and 14.4% lower compared to the baseline respectively. Adverse events were temporary, and none caused each of the treatments to be discontinued. Conclusion: The long-pulsed, 1064-nm Nd:YAG laser with hair reduction setting can stand as a potential therapeutic option for axillary HH since it is as effective as ALCL3. The therapeutic effect is superior in the long term for the laser; nevertheless, the beneficial effect of both treatments may lessen the following treatment cessation.

Field Methods for Rapid and Noninvasive Diagnosis of Huanglongbing through Symptomatic Evaluation and Diagnostic Testing

Huanglongbing (HLB) is a highly destructive disease that has inflicted significant damage to citrus orchards in major growing regions worldwide, resulting in significant reductions in production and posing a serious threat to the citrus industry.HLBiscausedbyagram-negative,uncultivablebacterium,CandidatusLiberibacterasiaticus,whichcolonizesthe phloem,andisnaturallytransmittedbyvectorinsects,suchastheAsiancitruspsyllid,Diaphorinacitri.This study will help to expand the knowledge on HLB in existing literature by focusing mainly on the incidence and diagnosis in different zones of Bahawalpur.The use of the pen test and iodine starch test to detect HLB provided a reliable and cost-efficient method for diagnosing the disease in the field. Symptoms expression was considered a fundamental criterion for HLB diagnosis, including leaf drop, stunting, mottling, and color inversion in fruits. The disease incidence ranged from30% ±1.15to44%±1.15acrossdifferentzones,withBahawalpurhavingthehighestincidence.Thesefindingssuggestthat some areas may be more susceptible to the disease than others, and further investigation is necessary to determine the underlying factors responsible for thisdistribution.

Decoding Huanglongbing: Understanding the Origins, Impacts, and Remedies for Citrus Greening

Citrus cultivation is a vital component of the agricultural sector, offering significant nutritional and economic benefits. However, citrus plants face numerous disorders, including Huanglongbing (HLB), also known as citrus greening disease. HLB is a devastating disease caused by the bacterial species Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (Las), primarily transmitted by the citrus psyllid and grafting. Investigating the distribution and molecular characterization of HLB in various citrus varieties and psyllid populations is crucial. Molecular techniques and iodine starch staining have been used to detect HLB symptoms. Several studies have been designed to determine the incidence and severity of HLB symptoms in different citrus varieties and locations and estimate the psyllid population density in different citrus varieties. Furthermore, these studies established a correlation between the population of psyllids and the incidence and severity of HLB in different locations and these findings suggest a potential link between psyllid infestation and the prevalence of HLB. This study highlights the prevalence of HLB in various locations and varieties, providing insights into the distribution, severity, and correlation between psyllid populations and HLB incidence. The reliability of PCR testing for Las infection confirms its effectiveness. Such findings suggest implementing integrated pest management strategies, including monitoring and controlling psyllid populations, removing infected plants, and using certified disease-free planting materials to prevent HLB spread.

Predicting the optimum harvesting dates for different exotic apple varieties grown under North Western Himalayan regions through acoustic and machine vision techniques.

Acoustic system and machine vision were used to evaluate the effects of different harvest dates on the quality and sensory attributes of exotic apple varieties of North Western Himalayan. Gala Redlum (V1) was harvested at 110 (H1), 120 (H2) and 130 (H3) Days from Full Bloom (DFFB); Red Velox (V2) and Super Chief (V3) were harvested at 130 (H1), 140 (H2) and 150 (H3) DFFB. Highest acoustic coefficient (21.13) and firmness (20.72 lbs) recorded at first harvest date (H1) decreased significantly (p (19.86 to 17.90 lbs) at second harvest (H2) and (17.77 to 16.80 lbs) at third harvest date. Highest starch iodine rating (3.72); anthocyanin content (24.81mg/100g); total soluble solids (12.10 %); total sugars (8.75 %) were recorded at H3 in all the varieties. For Gala Redlum (V1) 130 DFFB and for Red Velox (V2) and Super Chief (V3) 150 DFFB were predicted as suitable harvesting dates for table consumption.

The application of microwaves in axillary hyperhidrosis: Curative effect observation of a pathological examination over 1 year.

In Asia, axillary hyperhidrosis is a frequent problem for many people, and the consequent excessive sweating can seriously affect many aspects of daily life and even lead to mental disorders. Microwave therapy is a new, non-invasive treatment method for axillary hyperhidrosis, whose energy and long-term effectiveness still needs to be clinically validated. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical efficacy, safety, histological changes, and psychological status of microwave devices in the treatment of axillary hyperhidrosis and osmidrosis. We conducted a prospective self-controlled study in a top-tier Chinese hospital. After a 5/5 energy treatment session, a skin biopsy was taken to observe histological changes both before and after treatment. An iodine starch test was used to determine the sweating range. We evaluated symptoms of improved efficacy using the Hyperhidrosis Disease Severity Scale (HDSS) and assessed changes in life status with the DLQI. In the case of concurrent underarm odor, odor-5, VAS, and Young-Jin Park grading were used to assess odor relief. The effect of odor on psychology was assessed by using a psychological status symptom checklist (scl-90). The study period was 1 year. We observed 20 patients in this study. Of those, 90% met the primary treatment endpoint of a decrease in axillary hyperhidrosis symptomatology to below grade 2 on the HDSS score (p < 0.001). Furthermore, 75% of patients achieved a treatment endpoint of at least 50% reduction in VAS (p < 0.001). 70% of patients achieved a treatment endpoint of at least 50% reduction in odor-5 (p < 0.001). The iodine starch test showed that the region decreased 99% from the baseline to 12 months after follow-up had ended (p < 0.001). Eight patients volunteered to undergo histological examination; their average light density of immunohistochemistry decreased from 1.04 (0.4-2.11) to 0.07 (0.04-0.46; p < 0.05). The immunohistochemical positive number for sweat glands was initially 104 (59.75-132.5) but was 41.5 (29.75-62) after the procedure. None of the patients experienced any serious adverse reactions. The treatment demonstrated high effectiveness, safety, and short-lived adverse reactions.

Analysis of phytochemical constituent and biological significance of rhododendrons collected from capital of Laliguras, Laliguras municipality, Tehrathum district, Nepal

The largest genus of the Ericaceae family, Rhododendron includes an inspiring number of species. Some of which have been used in the treatment of various ailments such as diseases associated with heart, dysentery, diarrhea, detoxification, fever, constipation, bronchitis and asthma around the world including Nepal. However, systematic study on phytochemistry and pharmacology of Rhododendrons grown in the Capital of Laliguras, Laliguras Municipality, Tehrathum of Nepal is lacking. So this study was conducted to evaluate the antioxidant activity, α-amylase inhibition activity, total phenolic and flavonoid contents of Rhododendron arboretum and Rhododendron campanulatum from Laliguras Municipality, Tehrathum of Nepal. Plant extracts were prepared in methanol by cold percolation method. Phytochemical constituents were analyzed by following standard methods. Antioxidant activity was measured through 2, 2-Diphenyl-1-Picrylhydrazyl assay. Total phenolic and flavonoid content were estimated using Folin–Ciocalteau and aluminum chloride method respectively. Alpha amylase inhibition assay was carried out by starch iodine method. Phytochemical screening of methanolic extract of flower and leaf of R. arboretum and leaves of R. campanulatum displayed the presence of different chemical constituents such as flavonoids, polyphenols, terpenoids, saponins and quinins. Samples showed dose-dependent radical scavenging and α-amylase inhibition activity. Radical scavenging activity and α-amylase inhibition activity of the methanolic extracts of different parts of R. arboretum and R. campanulatum ranged from 19.46 to 95.88% and 13.23 to 68.44% respectively. Flower extracts of R. arboreum showing the strongest radical scavenging activity and α-amylase inhibition with IC50 values 33.61 and 443.44 μg/mL respectively. Among the tested samples, flower extract of R. arboretum showed the strongest antioxidant activity, alpha amylase inhibition activity and contained the highest amount of total phenolic and flavonoid content.&#x0D;

Topical Oxybutynin 3% Gel Versus Aluminum Chloride 15% Lotion in Treatment of Primary Focal Hyperhidrosis.

Hyperhidrosis is excessive sweating beyond thermoregulatory needs. It is a potentially disabling condition with challenging management. Aluminum chloride is the established topical treatment; however, response remains unsatisfactory. Oxybutynin is an anticholinergic drug that stands as a therapeutic chance for hyperhidrosis. comparing the efficacy of topical oxybutynin 3% gel versus aluminum chloride 15% lotion in treatment of primary focal hyperhidrosis. Forty patients with hyperhidrosis were randomly distributed into 2 equal groups treated by either topical oxybutynin 3% gel or topical aluminum chloride 15% lotion once daily night application for 4 weeks (both groups). Evaluation was done at 2 and 4 weeks of treatment and after 1 month of the end of treatment for follow up by Minor iodine starch test, hyperhidrosis disease severity scale (HDSS) and dermatology life quality index (DLQI). Both treatment modalities were effective with insignificant differences between patients of both groups regarding improvement in Minor iodine starch test and HDSS after 2 weeks of treatment (P = 0.561, 0.33 respectively). Oxybutynin 3% gel yielded significantly better improvement of Minor's test, HDSS and patient's quality of life at the end of 4 weeks of treatment with lower recurrence rate than aluminum chloride 15% lotion at 1 month follow up. Minimal adverse effects were noted in both studied groups. Oxybutynin 3% gel could be considered as a promising treatment modality for hyperhidrosis with higher efficacy than aluminum chloride 15% lotion and lower recurrence rate.

In vitro and in vivo Pharmacological Studies of Leaves of Staurogyne argentea Wall.

Staurogyne argentea Wall. (Family: Acanthaceae) is an important medicinal plant that has many traditional uses in tribal areas of Bangladesh. The current study emphasizes the pharmacological investigations of n-hexane, chloroform and aqueous soluble fractions of ethanol extract of leaves of S. argentea to justify the traditional uses of this plant species in Bangladesh. In vitro anti-inflammatory activity of S. argentea was confirmed by inhibition of egg albumin denaturation and erythrocyte membrane stabilizing methods. In both experiments, the aqueous fraction at concentration of 160 μg/ml exhibited significant inhibition of egg albumin denaturation by 76.91% with IC50 value of 24.22 μg/ml compared to standard Diclofenac-Na. In membrane stabilization assay, the aqueous fraction showed prominent anti-inflammatory activity by protecting the human erythrocyte membrane against hypotonic solution induced lysis. In addition, among all the aqueous fraction at 100 μg/ml also showed maximum antioxidant potential via the inhibition of DPPH scavenging by 75.05% (IC50= 42.92 μg/ml). The test materials were subjected to evaluate for the anti-diabetic activity by both in vitro starch iodine method as well as by oral glucose tolerance test in Swiss albino mice. In both experiments, the aqueous fraction showed maximum blood glucose lowering activity which is comparable to standard glibenclamide. The chloroform fraction (Conc. 500 mg/kg bw) exhibited moderate inhibition of both acetic acid-induced writhing reflex and yeast-induced pyrexia in mice. During sedative activity screening, different solvent fractions produced mild to moderate activity in comparison with standard diazepam. These findings revealed that S. argentea is a valuable source of bioactive compounds with diverge pharmacological actions, which validates its use in Bangladesh folk medicinal practices. Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 26(1): 89-98, 2023 (January)

Acquired idiopathic generalized anhidrosis diagnosed following mRNA COVID-19 vaccination-A case series.

Chang-Yu Hsieh has no conflict of interest to disclose. Tsen-Fang Tsai has conducted clinical trials or received honoraria for serving as a consultant for Abbvie, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Celgene, Eli-Lilly, Galderma, Janssen-Cilag, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Novartis International AG, Pfizer Inc. and UCB Pharma. Figure S1. Starch–iodine test confirmed the diagnosis of acquired idiopathic generalized anhidrosis in all patients. Figure S2. Sweating function recovery was confirmed by starch–iodine test after pulsed corticosteroid therapy. Figure S3. Despite the decrease in total patient number during COVID-19 pandemic in our clinic, an increase in AIGA cases was observed after the universalization of COVID-19 vaccines. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.

Comparative Assessment of Three Medicinal Plants against Diabetes and Oxidative Stress Using Experimental and Computational Approaches.

The hilly and rural areas' people of Bangladesh have a great history of putting into use numerous traditional medicinal plants to cure diseases. Therefore, with ethanol extract of Molineria capitulata (EEMC), methanol extract of Trichosanthes tricuspidata (METT), and methanol extract of Amorphophallus campanulatus (MEAC), we mandate evaluation of in vitro α-amylase inhibition, antioxidants, and molecular docking, and ADMET/T analysis. According to iodine starch methods, α-amylase inhibition was performed, and quantitative total phenolic and flavonoid content was determined by established methods, whereas DPPH free radical scavenging and reducing power assays were performed in previously established protocols, respectively. A comparative study among three plants (EEMC, METT, and MEAC) possessed a significant (p < 0.01) effect but EEMC showed the highest impact on enzyme inhibition. Plants in the measuring phenolic content METT and flavonoid measurement MEAC displayed most potent in the same way in the DPPH test was METT, and in reducing power capability MEAC has showed the highest effect between three extracts. Docking's study also reveals the compounds of METT (Cyclotricuspidoside A and Cyclotricuspidoside C) exhibit the superior score among all the compounds. This finding indicates that EEMC, METT, and MEAC substantially impact α-amylase inhibition along with antioxidants. In silico study also reveals the potency of these plants, but further in-depth, precise molecular studies are needed.

Определение содержания йода, йодидов и йодатов в пищевых продуктах

Currently iodine deficiency diseases are one of the most important medical and social problems. In this regard, the purpose of the study is to determine the content of iodine, iodides, iodates in iodized salt, drinking and mineral water, seaweed, to determine the stability of the iodine content in salt. For the qualitative determination of iodides and iodates ions in salts and molecular iodine in seaweed, an iodine starch reaction has been carried out. The presence of iodide ions in iodized water has been determined by reaction with silver nitrate and chlorine water, the iodine released has been extracted with chloroform. Quantitative determination of iodine in salt has been carried out by the titrimetric method, in water – by colorimetric method, in seaweed – by gravimetric method with subsequent titration. The study has found that iodized salt contains iodine in the form of potassium iodate, in an amount of 18.65 μg / g of elemental iodine, kelp contains molecular iodine in the amount of 8.12 μg / g of elemental iodine, and iodized water contains potassium iodide in the amount of 0.327 μg / ml of elemental iodine. The study has proved that over time, the amount of iodine in the salt iodized with potassium iodate decreases after a month by 5.6 times. In order to comply with the daily rate of iodine intake, it is necessary to include in your diet about 9.7 g of iodized salt, which exceeds the daily norm of its consumption in 5 g. In this regard, it is recommended to use iodized salt (not more than 5 g) or iodized water (0.7 L of water) or kelp (18.47 g) as a prevention of iodine deficiency.

UV–vis spectrophotometer and smartphone RGB dual mode detection of inorganic arsenic based on hydride generation iodine–starch system

A dual-mode analytical system based on hydride generation iodine–starch was established for the inorganic arsenic detection by UV–vis spectrophotometer and smartphone RGB. Hydride generation (HG) was used as a gaseous sample introduction technique for this dual-mode analytical system, the generated AsH3 was transported into iodine–starch solution, so that the color of iodine–starch solution was faded from dark blue to colorless, which could be recorded by UV–vis spectrophotometer and smartphone RGB simultaneously. Various experimental conditions were investigated, three certified reference water samples, three water samples and its spiked samples were detected by this dual mode analytical system under the optimized conditions, recoveries ranging 94–108 % were obtained, indicating a good accuracy and applicability of this method. A detectable concentration as low as 0.01 μg mL−1 was achieved, meeting the analysis requirement of As(III) in water samples. It is a potential analytical system for inorganic arsenic detection in field analysis.