Starburst Pattern Research Articles

Evaluation of diagnostic accuracy of dermoscopy in some common hypopigmented skin diseases.

Diagnosis of cutaneous hypopigmentation can sometimes be challenging. Dermoscopy may play a role in identifying hypo or-depigmented dermatoses. The aim was to investigate which dermoscopic criteria represent potent indicators for the diagnosis of vitiligo, nevus depigmentosus, pityriasis alba, hypopigmented pityriasis versicolor, idiopathic guttate hypomelanosis, hypopigmented mycosis fungoides (MF), lichen sclerosus et atrophicus and ash leaf hypopigmented macules of tuberous sclerosis, and evaluate their diagnostic accuracy. 168 individuals diagnosed with one of these hypopigmented disorders were evaluated for the presence or absence of predetermined dermoscopic criteria. Evaluation of dermatoscopic characteristics in each condition and analysis for sensitivity and specificity of dermatoscopic diagnosis in these hypopigmented lesions was performed. The starburst pattern, micro-koebnerization, and trichrome pattern were unique to vitiligo diagnosis. Vitiligo had higher comet-tail appearance, perifollicular pigmentation, and perilesional hyperpigmentation than other hypopigmented illnesses. Other hypopigmented lesions had greater incidence of amoeboid pattern, faint or diminished pigment network, islands of pigmentation, ill-defined boundaries, pseudopods, and widespread scaling than vitiligo. Finally, perifollicular scaling, comedo-like openings, blue-gray specks, and fibrotic regions excluded vitiligo. Dermoscopy can help identify common hypopigmented skin lesions and reduce the need for skin biopsy. Nevus depigmentosus, pityriasis alba and idiopathic guttate hypomelanosis were the top three hypopigmented dermatoses that could be diagnosed by dermoscopy with 100% sensitivity. Vitiligo was in the second rank (94.7%), followed by lichen sclerosis et atrophicus (93.3%) then hypopigmented MF at 81.2% sensitivity. Dermoscopy sensitivity was lowest in pityriasis versicolor and ash leaf macules of tuberous sclerosis (52.6% and 46.7%, respectively).

Omnipolar mapping and vector mapping in premature ventricular contractions ablation: a comparison with bipolar mapping

Abstract Background Omnipolar Mapping, with HD Grid high-density mapping catheter, overcomes the dependency of EGM characteristics to wavefront orientation, reconstructing the highest peak-to-peak voltage attainable within the electric field and the real wavefront direction, displayed in the form of a local activation vector [1][2]. Methods Consecutive patients who underwent radiofrequency ablation of PVCs from October 2021 to August 2023 at the Hospital Clinic of Barcelona were included in the study. EAM was performed with EnsiteX mapping system, Advisor HDgrid was used as mapping catheter. An activation map was performed if enough PVC burden. The area of interest was determined by earliest activation time combined with the morphology of unipolar electrogram during activation mapping. RF was delivered at the area of interest with target temperature of 45°C and maximum power of 50W. Both bipolar and omnipolar maps were analysed retrospectively. The reviewer was blinded to the ablation set for this analysis. A window of interest was created uniformally for all maps by defining a caliper within 15 ms before the onset of PVC. Activation vectors were displayed on the map and visually analysed. Three specific patterns were identified: Starburst, Homogeneous and Chaotic. Area of the earliest activation was measured. Earliest site of bipolar and omnipolar maps and specific location of star burst pattern were tagged. The site of the effective RF ablation was identified and the distance between points was determined. Results 18 patients were included. Overall, 11(61%) were males; age: 57,9±15,2 ys, 6(33%) patients haven't structural heart disease, 4(22%) presented PVC-induced cardiomyopathy. Mean left ventricular ejection fraction was 46±10. Mean PVC burden was 27±10%. In 9(50%) patients, PVCs were ablated from RVOT, 4(22%) in LVOT, 1(5%) in the left superior fascicle, 1(5%) in the antero-lateral papillary muscle, 2(10%) in the perihissian area and 1(5%) in the aortomitral continuity. Compared with bipolar, omnipolar mapping showed a smaller area of earliest activation(2,13±1,9mm2 vs 3,34±2,1 mm2,p<0,001), a shorter distance of the earliest point to starburst region(4,2±4,1mm vs 7,8±4,2mm,p<0,001) and shorter distance to the effective ablation site(6,1±3,9 mm vs 8,33±4,2mm, p<0,07). No significative difference was found between the effective RF ablation site and the starburst area compared to the distance between the effective RF ablation site and the omnipolar earliest deflection (6,11±3,9mm vs 6,5±4,3mm, p=0,6). No statistical significative difference was found between the timing of the earliest deflection in both settings (33,2±12,5 ms vs 31,5±12 ms, p=0,2) Conclusions Omnipolar mapping allows a better identification of the area of interest in PVC’s ablation compared to bipolar mapping. Vector mapping is a valuable asset to identify the earliest activation point to guide PVCs catheter ablation.Retrospective EAM analysisArea/distance measurements

A novel method based on a starburst pattern to register UAV and terrestrial lidar point clouds in forest environments

A novel method based on a starburst pattern to register <scp>UAV</scp> and terrestrial <scp>lidar</scp> point clouds in forest environments

Reflectance Confocal Microscopy and Dermoscopy of Facial Pigmented and Non-Pigmented Actinic Keratosis Features before and after Photodynamic Therapy Treatment

Actinic keratosis (AK), due to its widespread prevalence, as well as the possibility of progression to an invasive form of squamous cell carcinoma, requires treatment regardless of the clinical stage. New imaging techniques, such as in vivo reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM), significantly increase the accuracy of diagnosis and allow noninvasive evaluation of the therapeutic efficacy of the ongoing treatment. Our objective was to evaluate the prevalence of specific (video)dermoscopy and RCM features of pigmented and classical subtypes of AK before and after photodynamic therapy (PDT) treatment. We included patients with facial grade II AKs (25 pigmented, 275 non-pigmented) were included in the study. Skin lesions were evaluated by (video)dermoscopy and RCM at the baseline and three months after PDT. In classic AK, the most frequent dermoscopic findings were fine wavy vessels (96%), scale (92%), microerosions (48%), and “strawberry” pattern (36%), while pigmented AK was characterized mostly by “rhomboidal pattern” (80%), scale (60%), white globules (48%), “jelly sign”, and superficial pigmentation (40%). RCM’s most characteristic classic AK findings were abnormal honeycomb pattern in the spinous layer, epidermal inflammatory infiltrate, and solar elastosis that were present in 96% of lesions. Pigmented AKs presented mostly with dark central areas of parakeratosis (72%), mottled pigmentation (72%), dermal inflammatory infiltrate (64%), solar elastosis (60%), and abnormal honeycomb pattern in the spinous layer (56%). Dermoscopically, PDT resulted in complete disappearance of the “rhomboidal pattern” in both classical and pigmented AKs, “starburst pattern” and “jelly sign” in classical AKs, and inner gray halo, “rosette sign” and central crust in pigmented AKs. Three months after one PDT session, RCM evaluation showed mostly solar elastosis in both classical and pigmented AK subtypes, epidermal inflammatory infiltrate in classical AKs, and dermal inflammatory infiltrate in pigmented AKs. New noninvasive imaging techniques such as RCM and (video)dermoscopy can help practitioners better visualize the efficacy of the ongoing PDT treatment in either classical or pigmented AK subtypes.

Paediatric Spitzoid Neoplasms: 10-Year Retrospective Study Characterizing Histological, Clinical, Dermoscopic Presentation and FISH Test Results.

Spitzoid lesions are a wide tumour class comprising Spitz nevus (SN), atypical Spitz tumour (AST) and Spitz melanoma (SM). We conducted a single-centre-based retrospective survey on all histologically diagnosed spitzoid lesions of paediatric patients (1-18 years) of the last 10 years (2012-2022). Histopathological reports and electronic records of patients were used to retrieve relevant data regarding patients' features, clinical and dermatoscopical aspects of lesions when recorded, and FISH tests when present. Of 255 lesions, 82% were histologically benign, 17% atypical, 1% malignant. Clinically, 100% of SM were large (≥6 mm) and raised; AST were mainly large (63%), raised (98%), pink (95%). Small (≤5 mm), pigmented, flat lesions correlated with benign histology (respectively 90%, 97%, 98% SN) (p < 0.0001). Dermatoscopical patterns were analysed in 100 patients: starburst pattern correlated with benign histology (26% SN (p = 0.004)), while multicomponent pattern correlated with atypical/malignant lesions (56% AST, 50% SM (p = 0.0052)). Eighty-five lesions were subjected to fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH): 34 (71% AST; 29% SN) were FISH-positive; 51 (63% SN; 37% AST) were FISH-negative (p = 0.0038). This study confirmed predominant benign histology (82%) of paediatric spitzoid lesions, thus detecting 17% AST and 1% SM, highlighting the need for caution in handling spitzoid lesions. Until AST are considered potentially malignant proliferations and no reliable criteria are identified to distinguish them, the authors suggest a prudent approach, especially in children.

СКОРИНГОВАЯ СИСТЕМА ОЦЕНКИ ПОКАЗАНИЙ ДЛЯ ШИРОКОГО ИССЕЧЕНИЯ НЕВУСА ШПИЦ/РИДА У ДЕТЕЙ И ПОДРОСТКОВ

This research was aimed to developing the scoring system for evaluating indications for wide excision of the Spitz/Read nevus in children and adolescents, the use of which would be of help in reducing the risk of underdiagnosis of skin melanoma and determining the management tactics of patients with spitzoid formations. The purpose of the research was to create a scoring system for evaluating indications for wide excision of the Spitz/Reed nevus in children and adolescents. Materials and methods used: a single-center (N.N. Petrov National Medical Research Center for Oncology, Saint Petersburg, Russia) retrospective (2016-2022) cohort study included 65 childhood and adolescent patients with skin neoplasms of melanocytic and vascular origin. Clinical and dermatoscopic examinations of the skin neoplasm were performed at the pre-invasive stage, which was then followed by its removal and morphological verification. The study group consisted of children and adolescents aged 0 to 18 y/o (median age 14 (12.0; 15.0) y/o) with complex (n=22 or 33.8%), dermal (n=30/46.1%), blue (n=2/3.1%) nevi, Spitz/Reed nevus (n=4/6.2%) and capillary-lobular hemangioma (n=7/10.8%) Results: correlation analysis of 77 factors characterizing the demographic, clinical and dermatoscopic patterns had allowed the Authors to identify signs that are statistically significantly correlated with the Spitz/Reed nevus variable. In the block with demographic data parameters, the main position was occupied by the patient’s age of over 11 y/o (p˂0.001); formation area ≥0.38 cm2 (p=0.010) topped in the block with clinical examination parameters; and starburst pattern (p=0.003), irregular borders (p˂0.001), white-blue veil (p˂0.001), multicomponent (p=0.001), reticular network (p˂0.001), globules (p˂0.001) and vascular structures in the form of a comma (p˂0.001) among dermatoscopic ones. The value of the prognostic coefficient determined the score of each factor, which contributed to the selection of large and small patterns. The gradation of the sum of scores of the identified predictors made it possible to create a scoring system for analyzing indications for wide excision of the Spitz/Read nevus in children and adolescents and to develop a practical BASE-SCRAG scale. The sensitivity of the scale was 100%, the specificity was 62% (95% CI 57-64%). Conclusions: the Spitz/Reed scoring system for evaluating indications for wide excision of a nevus and the BASE-SCRAG practical scale contribute to the stratification of pediatric and adolescent patients in the group for possible dynamic observation and the group of mandatory removal and verification of the pathological skin process.

Comparing Dermatoscopic Features With Slit Skin Smear and Histopathology in Diagnosis of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis.

To evaluate dermatoscopic features of cutaneous leishmaniasis and to compare its diagnostic accuracy against slit skin smear and skin histopathology. This cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of Dermatology, Pakistan Navy Station (PNS) Shifa Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan, from August 2021 to August 2022. A total of 200 lesions from 70 patients of cutaneous leishmaniasis diagnosed with slit skin smear for Leishmania-Donovan (LD) bodies and skin biopsy were included via non-probability consecutive sampling technique. Dermatoscopic evaluation was performed via a handheld dermatoscope (DELTA 20T; HEINE,Gilching, Germany) on 10x magnification. All dermatoscopic images were analyzed by two different observers who had command of dermatoscopy. Data analysis was done using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences SPSS version 27 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA). Common dermatoscopic findings were erythema 200 (100%), hyperkeratosis 140 (70%), crusting 50 (25%), ulceration 42 (21%), milia-like structure 58 (29%), tear drop-like structure 46 (23%), yellow tears 70 (35%), and white starburst pattern 68 (34%). Less common findings were yellow hue 28 (14%), orange areas 26 (13%) and scar seven (3.5%). Vascular structures frequently observed were linear vessels 109 (54.5%), dotted vessels 80 (40%), and hairpin vessels 61 (30.5%); less common findings were comma-shaped vessels 52 (26%), arborizing vessels 20 (10%), crown vessels nine (4.5%). Comparison of dermatoscopic features was done with slit skin smear for LD bodies (p value = 0.003 ) and histopathology (p value = 0.001). Dermatoscopy is a non-invasive technique that is helpful in diagnosing cutaneous leishmaniasis, saving time in making rapid diagnosis and saving the need to undergo extensive invasive investigation. Yield of dermatoscopy was comparable to slit smear for LD bodies and histopathology and was found to be effective in making rapid diagnosis with significant accuracy (p value <0.05).

Stardust Pattern as Evolution of Pigmented Spitz Nevi During Childhood.

Spitz nevi (SN) are benign melanocytic proliferations frequently occurring in children. Some pigmented SN with a starburst pattern evolve into the "stardust" one, which is characterized by a central, black to gray, hyperpigmented area and remnants of a brown network at the periphery. These dermoscopy changes are often the first alert to induce excision. The aim of this study is to enlarge the case series of stardust SN in children, in order to increase confidence with this new dermoscopic pattern and reduce unnecessary excisions. This retrospective observational study was conducted with SN cases received from IDS members. The inclusion criteria were: clinical and/or histopathologic diagnosis of Spitz naevus with starburst appearance in children <12 years old, availability of a dermoscopic image at baseline and after follow-up of at least 1 year, availability of patient data. The dermoscopic images and their changes over time were assessed by three evaluators in consensus. 38 SN were enrolled, with a median age of 7 years and a median FUP duration of 15,5 months. Comparing the evolution with time of FUP, no significant differences were found between growing and involuting lesions in terms of patient age and sex, location and palpability of lesions. The long follow-up reported in our study could really support the concept of benignity of changing SN. A conservative approach is acceptable for nevi showing the stardust pattern, because it may be considered a physiological evolution of pigmented Spitz nevus, and urgent surgeries could be avoided.

Dermoscopy of Actinic Keratosis: Is There a True Differentiation between Non-Pigmented and Pigmented Lesions?

Dermoscopic features of actinic keratosis (AK) have been widely studied, but there is still little evidence for their diagnostic accuracy. Our study investigates whether established dermoscopic criteria are reliable predictors in differentiating non-pigmented actinic keratosis (NPAK) from pigmented actinic keratosis (PAK). For this purpose, dermoscopic images of 83 clinically diagnosed AK (45 NPAK, 38PAK) were examined, and the sensitivity (Se), specificity (Sp), positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) were assessed. Features with statistical significance were the red pseudo-network (p = 0.02) for NPAK and the pigmented pseudo-network (p < 0.001) with a pigment intensity value even less than 10% for PAK (p = 0.001). Pigmented pseudo-network (Se: 89%, Sp: 77%, PPV: 77%, NPV: 89%) with a pigment intensity value of more than 10% (Se: 90%, Sp: 86%, PPV: 79%, NPV: 93%) had excellent diagnostic accuracy for PAK. Scale and widened follicular openings with yellowish dots surrounded by white circles were equally represented in both variants of AK. Linear wavy vessels and shiny streaks were more prominently observed in NPAK, as were rosettes in PAK, but these results failed to meet statistical significance. The red starburst pattern was near statistical significance for PAK. Therefore, pigmentation is the strongest dermoscopic predictor for the differentiation between NPAK and PAK.

Patterns of DNA barcode diversity in butterfly species (Lepidoptera) introduced to the Nearctic

One of the main consequences of globalization is the intensification of biological introductions. Because of their negative impact on environments, the early detection and monitoring of introduced species through molecular approaches is gaining increased uptake. This study assembles 2,278 DNA barcode records to examine contemporary patterns of sequence variation in mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) in five butterfly species introduced to the Nearctic, with a focus on Pieris rapae Linnaeus (Lepidoptera: Pieridae) and Thymelicus lineola Ochsenheimer (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae). Parameters of genetic diversity were low (i.e., h &lt; 0.606, &#960; &lt; 0.0039) for Nearctic populations of all analyzed species. Those of P. rapae and T. lineola showed marked genetic differentiation from their source populations in the Palearctic. Haplotype distributions in their Nearctic populations exposed a starburst pattern with a few common haplotypes known from Palearctic, and infrequent haplotypes diverging from them at only one or two nucleotide sites. Some uncommon haplotypes were only found in the Nearctic suggesting they originated after invasion, while others also occur in the Palearctic. This study provides an example of genetic paradox of invasion, where species often rapidly expand their distribution and become dominant in the new habitat despite their depleted levels of sequence variation.

Rapid growth and slow involution of Reed nevus in a long-term dermoscopic follow-up.

We describe the rapid growth of a Reed nevus followed by its slow involution and present dermoscopic follow-up images. The child was monitored for 10 years (from age 3 to 13 years) by digital dermoscopy. The Reed nevus completely lost its typical dermoscopic arrangement (starburst pattern) with involution and distinct changes in dermoscopic pattern.

Dermoscopic criteria of discoid lupus erythematosus: An observational cross-sectional study of 28 patients.

Discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE) affects mainly the head and neck and lesions heal with scaring. Early diagnosis of DLE is crucial; dermoscopy may enable early diagnosis and help to assess the prognosis of well-established lesions.To describe the dermoscopic features of DLE and to correlate them with the histological findings, site and duration of DLE.This study included 28 patients diagnosed as DLE based on clinical and histopathological examination. We examined the lesions clinically, dermoscopically and histopathologically. Evaluated dermoscopic variables were based on data in the available literature and on our observations.Whitish scales (89.3%), arborizing blood vessels (85.7%), follicular plugging (82.1%), and pigmentation (82.1%) were the commonest dermoscopic findings. Radial arrangement of arborizing blood vessel in between a radially arranged perifollicular whitish halo (starburst pattern) (39.3%) was noticed for the first time in this study. Rosettes (57.1%) were also seen. There was significant agreement between many dermoscopic and pathological findings with high sensitivity and specificity of many dermoscopic variants in the diagnosis of DLE. Follicular plugging, perifollicular whitish halo, starburst pattern, follicular red dots and rosettes were detected in early stages of the disease but structureless whitish areas and telangiectasia need more time to develop.We examined our patients at the time of presentation only without prospective monitoring and we had a relatively small sample size.Dermoscopy helps in the diagnosis of DLE at different body sites.

Dermoscopic criteria of discoid lupus erythematosus: An observational cross-sectional study of 28 patients.

Discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE) affects mainly the head and neck and lesions heal with scaring. Early diagnosis of DLE is crucial; dermoscopy may enable early diagnosis and help to assess the prognosis of well-established lesions. To describe the dermoscopic features of DLE and to correlate them with the histological findings, site and duration of DLE. This study included 28 patients diagnosed as DLE based on clinical and histopathological examination. We examined the lesions clinically, dermoscopically and histopathologically. Evaluated dermoscopic variables were based on data in the available literature and on our observations. Whitish scales (89.3%), arborizing blood vessels (85.7%), follicular plugging (82.1%), and pigmentation (82.1%) were the commonest dermoscopic findings. Radial arrangement of arborizing blood vessel in between a radially arranged perifollicular whitish halo (starburst pattern) (39.3%) was noticed for the first time in this study. Rosettes (57.1%) were also seen. There was significant agreement between many dermoscopic and pathological findings with high sensitivity and specificity of many dermoscopic variants in the diagnosis of DLE. Follicular plugging, perifollicular whitish halo, starburst pattern, follicular red dots and rosettes were detected in early stages of the disease but structureless whitish areas and telangiectasia need more time to develop. We examined our patients at the time of presentation only without prospective monitoring and we had a relatively small sample size. Dermoscopy helps in the diagnosis of DLE at different body sites.

Veiling glare removal: synthetic dataset generation, metrics and neural network architecture

In photography, the presence of a bright light source often reduces the quality and readability of the resulting image. Light rays reflect and bounce off camera elements, sensor or diaphragm causing unwanted artifacts. These artifacts are generally known as "lens flare" and may have different influences on the photo: reduce contrast of the image (veiling glare), add circular or circular-like effects (ghosting flare), appear as bright rays spreading from light source (starburst pattern), or cause aberrations. All these effects are generally undesirable, as they reduce legibility and aesthetics of the image. In this paper we address the problem of removing or reducing the effect of veiling glare on the image. There are no available large-scale datasets for this problem and no established metrics, so we start by (i) proposing a simple and fast algorithm of generating synthetic veiling glare images necessary for training and (ii) studying metrics used in related image enhancement tasks (dehazing and underwater image enhancement). We select three such no-reference metrics (UCIQE, UIQM and CCF) and show that their improvement indicates better veil removal. Finally, we experiment on neural network architectures and propose a two-branched architecture and a training procedure utilizing structural similarity measure.

The Radio That Can Hear Over Itself: Self-interference cancellation allows radios to transmit and receive on the same frequency

WIRELESS ISN'T ACTUALLY UBIQUITOUS. We've all seen the effects: Calls are dropped and Web pages sometimes take forever to load. One of the most fundamental reasons why such holes in our coverage occur is that wireless networks today are overwhelmingly configured as star networks, This means there's a centrally located piece of infrastructure, such as a cell tower or a router, that communicates with all of the mobile devices around it in a starburst pattern.

A clinico-dermatoscopic study of acral dermatosis

Background: Dermatoscopy has been found to be a useful tool in enhancing clinical diagnosis beyond pigmented/neoplastic lesions. Aims: The present study was designed to identify the prevalence of skin lesions in the acral area and to study the clinical and dermatoscopic correlation of acral skin lesions. Methods: A cross sectional clinico dermatoscopic study of 334 patients presenting with acral lesions to the outpatient skin department was done. Veos hd 2 hand held dermatoscope in polarised mode (10x) and iphone 7 camera was used. Results: Out of 334 patients, maximum cases were of psoriasis 83 (24.85%) followed by its close differential chronic eczema 63 (18.86%), 44 (31.17%) scabies, 41 cases (12.28%) wart, 34 (10.18%) tinea. 12 cases of acute eczema, lichen planus 16 cases, 14 of pitted keratolysis, 10 of vitiligo, 4 of secondary syphilis, 4 of subacute eczema, 3 cases of dermatomyositis and 3 of lichen nitidus, 2 of porokeratosis and single case of eryhthema elevatum diutinum. Most of our patients (36.53%) were aged 31-40 years, and included 32.34% females and 67.66% males. In psoriasis, dermatoscopically regular dotted vessels (84.34%), red background (96.39%), and white scales (92.77%) were noted. In scabies, jet with contrail sign was seen in 97.73% cases. In palmoplantar warts, cluster of red/black dots (95.12%), yellowish structureless areas (87.80%) and interrupted skin markings (85.37%) were seen. Eczematous dermatitis showed yellow sero crusts and clusters of red dots with scaling. All patients of pitted keratolysis showed brown/yellow superficial pits with collarette of scaling. Wickham’s striae was seen in 86.67% cases of lichen planus. Vitiligo lesions showed trichrome pattern, starburst pattern and telangiectasia. Limitations: heterogenous group of disorders and histopathological co-relation was not done for all cases. Conclusion: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study which investigated the dermatoscopic features and epidemiology of various acral lesions.

A CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY OF DERMASCOPIC PATTERNS IN VITILIGO: A STUDY FROM CENTRAL INDIA

Background: Vitiligo is an acquired skin condition characterised by enlarging and becoming more numerous over time by white and depigmented patches. It is attributed to the absence and depletion of melanin in the epidermis of healthy melanocytes. The disease can be cosmetically disfigured and the skin is also more vulnerable to sunburns. It affects 0.1-2 percent of the world 's population, and its aetiology is uncertain regardless of gender and ethnicity.&#x0D; Aim: Analysis of morphological dermascopic trends in cases of vitiligo and access to the operation of the disorder, prognosis and as a diagnostic method in the choice of modality of care.&#x0D; Materials and Methods: In 200 diagnosed cases of vitiligo, which contains stable vitiligo, unstable vilitigo, guttate vitiligo and vitiligo treatment cases, white light dermascopy is used in imaging patterns.&#x0D; Result: Trichrom, marginal hyperpigmentation, marginal reticular pigmentation, perifollicular hyperpigmentation in stable vitiligo and salt pepper pattern, starburst pattern in unstable vitiligo is seen on inspection with dermascopy, erythema, perifollicular pigmentation, reticular pigmentation seen in stable viiligo, comet tail pattern seen in Koebner phenomenon.&#x0D; Conclusion: Bad prognosis was demonstrated by erythema, telangectasis, perifollicular pigmentation, reticular pigmentation patterns: marginal hyperpigmentation, perifollicular hyperpigmentation, leucotrichia, marginal reticular pigmentation, comet tail. Dermascopy is therefore used to track treatment activity and disease prognosis, and certain trends can also recommend adjusting the modality of treatment.&#x0D; Keywords: Dermascopy, Stable vitiligo, Unstable vitiligo.

Dermoscopy of oral mucocele: three types of extravasation mucoceles

Background/aimDermoscopy is a diagnostic tool that assists in imaging the epidermis and dermis. Although it has also started to be used to diagnose nonmelanocytic lesions recently, it has not been tested much on oral mucosal masses, such as oral mucoceles. This study aimed to investigate whether dermoscopy is a valuable tool in diagnosing oral mucoceles.Materials and methods In this study, the clinical and dermoscopic features of 21 oral mucocele lesions of 21 patients (11 females, 10 males) aged between 6 and 38 years who were confirmed histopathologically were evaluated.ResultsOf the lesions studied, 95.2% (20) were extravasation and 4.8% (1) were retention mucoceles. The nonvascular structures were determined as white areas (61.9%, 13), erythema (57.1%, 12), purplish-gray background (52.3%, 11), ulcer (30%, 8), yellowish-orange areas (23.8%, 5), crust (14.2%, 3), starburst pattern (0.95%, 2), and bleeding (0.47%, 1). Dermoscopically, 40% of extravasation mucoceles were classified as type 1 (8 patients), 25% as type 2 (5 patients), and 35% as type 3 (7 patients).Conclusion We concluded that there are 3 types of extravasation mucoceles dermoscopically and clinically, and these types may be stages of transition between each other.

Evolution of military medicine literature: a scientometric study of global publications on military medicine between 1978 and 2017

ObjectivesScientometrics is a popular statistical discipline providing data relevant to publication patterns and trends in a certain academic field. There are no scientometric analyses of publications produced in military medicine...

Role of Dermoscopy in the Diagnosis of Hypertrophic Lichen Planus and Prurigo Nodularis.

Background:A dermoscope is an office tool used in the diagnosis of various disorders. At present, studies on hypertrophic lichen planus (HLP) and prurigo nodularis (PN) are limited.Aims and Objectives:The aim of this study was to compare the dermoscopic features of HLP and PN and to determine the role of dermoscopy in the differential diagnosis of both the conditions.Materials and Methods:A cross-sectional study was undertaken. After clinical assessment and relevant investigations, dermoscopy was performed using DermLite DL3 dermoscope (×10) followed by histopathology. Dermoscopic findings in cases of HLP and PN were evaluated.Results:Thirty patients each with HLP and PN were included in the study. On dermoscopy, peripheral striations were the most common findings in both the conditions. Statistically significant features on intergroup comparison included blue–gray globules (P<0.001), comedo-like openings (P<0.001), and follicular plugging (P<0.001) in HLP and pearly white areas with white starburst pattern (P=0.028), red dots and globules (P<0.001), glomerular vessels (P=0.003), crusting (P=0.002), and erosions (P<0.001) in PN.Conclusion:Dermoscopy is useful in differentiating HLP and PN. Blue-gray globules, comedo-like openings, and follicular plugging were specific for HLP. Pearly white areas with white starburst pattern and red dots and globules were the specific findings in PN.