Stanford-Binet Scores Research Articles

Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale Form L-M Predictive Power on Academic Achievement

Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale Form L-M test is widely used in Indonesia to assess the academic capacity of elementary school students. However, its predictive power upon academic achievements has not been examined. This research represents a preliminary attempt at closing this gap. Stanford-Binet scores obtained 1 to 3 years earlier were used to explain variations in three subject marks of 156 an Elementary School from the 3rd, 4th, and 5th Grades. Simple regression analysis shows that 4.3% to 25.4% of the variance can be explained by Stanford-Binet scores, indicating a low to moderate predictive power. The results suggest a limited predictive power of the Stanford-Binet Form L-M test for applications in the assessment of the academic capacity of elementary school children.

Developmental Dyscalculia and Down Syndrome: Indicative Evidence

ABSTRACTThis study investigated the hypothesis that developmental dyscalculia is part of the behavioural phenotype of Down syndrome. One hundred and fifty-one individuals with Down syndrome across three age groups contributed data. These age groups were: 6–8 years (n = 41); 13–15 years (n = 70); and 20–22 years (n = 40). Data were collected using the Stanford-Binet (Fourth Edition) and age equivalent scores on the Pattern Analysis and Quantitative subscales were used in the analyses. A repeated measure ANOVA showed a significant difference between performances on the two subtests with an interaction with age group. While performance on Pattern Analysis was better than on Quantitative for all groups the difference was most marked for the oldest group. Approximately 66% of the participants had a higher age equivalent score on the Pattern Analysis subscale than on the Quantitative subscale. It appears to be plausible that developmental dyscalculia contributes to the behavioural phenotype of Down syndrome and further investigation of this proposition is warranted.

Lack of severe long-term outcomes of acute, subclinical B1 deficiency in 216 children in Israel exposed in early infancy

A vitamin B(1)-deficient soy-based infant formula was marketed in Israel in 2003, exposing infants to clinical or subclinical B(1) deficiency. We investigated whether subclinical B(1) deficiency in early infancy had medical, neurodevelopmental, or cognitive effects at 3-5 y of age. A historical prospective cohort study was conducted consisting of four groups: "exposed," consuming a B(1)-deficient soy-based formula exclusively for four consecutive weeks or longer; "control," consuming no soy-based formula; "mixed," consuming the formula nonexclusively or exclusively for less than four consecutive weeks; and "other," consuming soy-based formulas other than Remedia. Participants were evaluated by medical examination, Stanford-Binet (SB) intelligence test, sensory profile evaluation, and Conners scales (attention deficit disorder/attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADD/ADHD)). Following adjustment for gender, age, and maternal education, there were no significant differences among the four groups on the mean SB scores, on the verbal and nonverbal scores, or in the proportion of children in each group with scores <90. A significantly higher proportion of exposed children as compared with control children had an impaired sensory profile and scores on the Conners scales (ADD/ADHD), but these proportions were also high in the "other" and "mixed" groups. The results do not support an association between subclinical B(1) deficiency in infancy and long-term development.

Fetal growth restriction and developmental delay: current understanding and future possibilities

Fetal growth restriction and developmental delay: current understanding and future possibilities

Infant and Preschool Mental and Verbal Abilities: How Are Infant Scores Related to Preschool Scores?

The present study examined two different systems for creating subscales for the Bayley Mental Development Index. The purpose was to determine how performance on Bayley MDI subscales at 1 and 2 years of age is related to performance on the Standford-Binet IV at 3 through 5 years of age. The purpose was also to determine how the correlations for global and specific skill scores change as time intervals between assessment points increase. The results show that first year MDI and subscale scores were weak correlates of two-year MDI and subscale scores and preschool scores on the Stanford-Binet. Stronger correlations were found between two-year scores and Stanford-Binet IQ and Verbal Reasoning scores. The data show similar stabilities between the measures of global functioning (MDI and IQ), and between early and later measures of verbal abilities beginning after 2 years of age.

Intellectual Impairment in Children of Women Who Smoke Cigarettes During Pregnancy

To examine the relationship between maternal cigarette smoking during pregnancy and children's intellectual functioning during the first 4 years of life. Prospective follow-up of participants in a randomized trial of pregnancy and infancy nurse home visitation. Semi-rural community in Upstate New York. 400 families in which the mothers registered before the 30th week of pregnancy and had no previous live births. Eighty-five percent of the mothers were either teenagers (< 19 years at registration), unmarried, or poor. Analysis limited to whites who comprised 89% of the sample. Children in the comparison group whose mothers smoked 10 or more cigarettes per day during pregnancy had Stanford-Binet scores at 3 and 4 years of age that were 4.35 (95% CI: 0.02, 8.68) points lower (after controlling for a wide range of variables) than their counterparts whose mothers did not smoke during pregnancy. The results of this study add to the increasingly consistent evidence that maternal cigarette smoking during pregnancy poses a unique risk for neurodevelopmental impairment among children and provide an additional reason for pregnant women not to smoke cigarettes.

Mean-Score Differences between the WISC-R and the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale

The mean score differences between the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale: Fourth Edition and the WISC-R changed across the ability continuum for 126 referred students. The Stanford-Binet Test Composite was significantly higher than the WISC-R Full Scale score at the lower end of the ability continuum, but was significantly lower than the WISC-R Full Scale score at the higher end. The two tests yielded similar scores for students with WISC-R Full Scale scores ranging from 70 to 89. The WISC-R scores correlated significantly with the Stanford-Binet scores.

Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale (Fourth Edition): Factor Structure and Verbal Subscale Scores for Three-Year-Olds

Questions that concern the new Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale: 4th Edition (SB-4) have been raised with respect to the correspondence between the underlying theory and the hypothesized factor structure of the scale. Contrary to the Thorndike, Hagen, and Sattler (1986b) four-factor model, evidence exists that there are fewer factors and that factor structure changes with age. The present study obtained data from 3-year-old children to explore the factor structure and the correspondence between SB-4 verbal scores and verbal scores from the McCarthy. Both EFA and CFA results identify only verbal and nonverbal factors and replicate the findings of others, including R. M. Thorndike (1990b). Stanford-Binet verbal scores derived from models constructed from the factor analyses correlate strongly with McCarthy verbal scores.

Effect of otitis media on development: a community-based study

Otitis media history until age 3 years was recorded for 233 children as part of the surveillance in a Community Program for Promotion of Growth and Development (PROD) conducted in a western neighborhood of Jerusalem. Recurrent otitis media (6 or more episodes) occurred more frequently among children who were of North African or Asian origin, of lower social class and maternal education, and whose duration of breast feeding was less than 26 weeks. Children with recurrent otitis media also failed the 7-month hearing test more frequently than other children. The mean Developmental Quotient score at 2 years and the mean Stanford Binet score at 3 years were statistically significantly lower among children with recurrent otitis media, even after controlling for maternal origin and length of breast feeding. These findings underscore the importance of early identification and early intervention for otitis media.

Family law issues in family therapy practice: Early intelligence scores and subsequent delinquency: A Prospective study

Abstract Most early studies found that delinquents obtained lower IQ scores than nondelinquent controls. A criticism of early findings related to sample selection subsequent to identification as juvenile offenders. Of 3,164 births enrolled in the Brown University cohort of the National Collaborative Perinatal Project, 13.6% appeared in Family Court charged with juvenile offenses prior to age 18. In this study, those delinquency cases were compared with controls at three age levels. At 8 months, based on the Bayley Scales of Mental and Motor Development, there were no significant differences in mental or motor development scores between delinquents and nonoffenders. At 4 years, Stanford-Binet scores were significantly lower among the delinquent sample. Similarly, at age 7, the delinquent sample scored lower on the Wechsler Iiztelligence Scale for Children (WJSC) on both verbal and performance measures. Performance scores were consistently higher than verbal scores in both the delinquent and nonofender grou...

Relationships between Scores of Gifted Children on Stanford-Binet IV and Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised

Thirty-nine children enrolled in the gifted curriculum in the public schools in a midwest community of 27,000 were tested with the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale: Fourth Edition. Correlations were then calculated between the scores of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children—Revised, obtained from the students' files, and the scores of the Stanford-Binet. Only the correlation between the Stanford-Binet Verbal Reasoning standard age scores and the Wechsler Verbal IQs was statistically significant (p &amp;lt; .01). The Stanford-Binet Short-Term Memory standard age score mean was between 12 and 24 points lower than the means of the other Stanford-Binet and Wechsler scores.

Interpreting Area Score Variation on the Fourth Edition of the Stanford-Binet Scale of Intelligence

Values needed to interpret Area standard scores on the fourth edition of the Stanford-Binet Scale of intelligence were computed following the method presented by Davis and Silverstein for other multiscore intelligence tests. The differences required for significance when comparing an individual's Area score to the mean of all the Stanford-Binet Area scores using the maximum number- and two and three subtests per Area — were computed at the .05 and .01 levels. An example of the use of the technique is provided, as are interpretation cautions based on the factor structure of the test.

Relation of Language-Delayed Preschoolers' Leiter Scores to Later IQ

I investigated the predictive utility of the Arthur adaptation of the Leiter International Performance Scale for language-impaired and/or behaviorally disturbed preschool children. The participants, drawn from a hospital child development unit, were selected because they had at least a 16-point difference between Leiter and Stanford-Binet Scale of Intelligence scores. Twenty-six children with a mean age of 48 months, a mean Leiter score of 102.96, and a mean Stanford-Binet score of 67.69 were retested an average of 16 months later with the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI). Both initial measures correlated significantly with the WPPSI Full Scale IQ (M = 87.46). Not unexpectedly, the Stanford-Binet scores were lower than the later IQ scores, whereas the Leiter scores were higher.

Effectiveness of the Ppvt-r in tHe Screening of Young Gifted Children

The Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale, Form L-M, and the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test-Revised (PPVT-R), Form M, were administered to 100 preschool, kindergarten, and first grade children (ages 3 years, 10 months to 6 years, 11 months). The sample contained a high proportion of children who were perceived by parents as being above average or intellectually gifted. The mean PPVT-R standard score for this referral sample was 111.43 (SD = 13.86) and the mean Stanford-Binet IQ score was 123.72 ( SD = 16.79). Analysis of the results indicated a correlation between the instruments of .58, and the mean scores were significantly different on the two measures ( p &lt; .0001). Examination of the data revealed that differences were greater for children at the upper IQ ranges (120 +) than at the lower ranges. Based on the results of this study, it appears that the efficacy of the PPVT-R as a screening instrument for the identification of young gifted children is questionable if conventional intelligence measures such as the Stanford-Binet are to be used as a diagnostic criterion.

1669 OUTCOME IN CHILDREN WITH PRENATALLY DIAGN0SED CONGENITAL HYDROCEPHALUS

At our institution in a 5 year interval between 1978 and 1983, all 14 children with prenatally diagnosed congenital hydrocephalus, defined as excessively increasing ventricular size and biparietal diameter on at least two sequential examinations, were available for outcome evaluation. Others in whom this diagnosis was made either did not survive gestation or the initial neonatal period due to interruption of the pregnancy or intrapartum demise. GA at diagnosis varied from 26 to 38 wks with a mean of 31 wks. Age at delivery varied from 32 to 40 wks with a mean of 36 wks. Four of these children had myelomeningocoele, 6 had hydrocephalus without other anomalies, three had intracranial cysts, and one had an encephalocoele. All of them underwent ventriculo-peritoneal shunting. Five had shunt related infections. Six had Bayley mental or Stanford-Binet scores >80 (43%), 2 had scores between 65 and 80 (14%), and 6 had scores <65 (43%). The poorer outcome of this group in comparison to other series of such hydrocephalus may relate both to the early stage at which the diagnosis was made such that children with more severe conditions have survived and the high rate of infection.

OUTCOME OF FETAL VENTRICULOMEGALY

Ventriculomegaly was diagnosed in 50 fetuses in the perinatal ultrasound unit of Yale-New Haven Medical Center. The outcomes were elective abortion, 13 (26%); antepartum death, 0 (0%); intrapartum death, 7 (14%); neonatal death within 24 h, 11 (22%); neonatal death after 24 h and within 28 days, 3 (6%); death after 28 days, 2 (4%); survival, 14 (28%). 70% of the deaths were associated with severe congenital anomalies or intrapartum cephalocentesis. Of the 14 survivors, 6 (43%) had Bayley mental or Stanford-Binet scores of over 80, 2 (14%) had scores from 65 to 80, and 6 (43%) had scores of less than 65. The differences in outcome between this antenatal population and previously described neonatal populations with ventriculomegaly may result from the high rate (84%) of abnormalities in association with ventriculomegaly in this study and selection biases in neonatal studies.

Effect of megavitamin treatment on mental performance and plasma vitamin B6 concentrations in mentally retarded young adults

Other workers have reported preliminary results suggesting that vitamin and mineral supplements might improve the mental performance of mentally retarded children. The current study examined the effect of 20 wk of the suggested supplement on Stanford Binet scores in mentally retarded adults with nonspecific diagnoses, Down's syndrome, and subjects receiving anticonvulsant medication. No improvement in Stanford Binet scores was observed. However, serum pyridoxal phosphate concentrations were significantly (p < 0.05) increased in subjects with Down's syndrome receiving the supplement compared with subjects with nonspecific diagnoses receiving the same treatment thus providing further evidence of abnormal vitamin B6 metabolism in Down's syndrome.

Reproductive, Perinatal, and Environmental Factors as Predictors of the Cognitive and Language Development of Preterm and Full-Term Infants

The accuracy of a risk index based on reproductive and demographic factors to predict subsequent development was tested with 51 full-term and 53 preterm (birth weight less than 1,501 grams) infants. Stanford-Binet IQ and Reynell Language Expression and Comprehension at 3 years were significantly predicted by this risk index. Socioeconomic status, birth order, and, for the preterm group, severity of illness in the perinatal period were the most significant predictors of developmental outcome. The Home Observation for Measurement of the Environment (HOME) scores were significantly correlated, independently of SES and developmental level, with the 3-year Reynell and Stanford-Binet scores for the preterm, but not the full-term, group. Children who were classified as being at risk at 12 months but who had scores in the normal range at 3 years came from families with significantly higher scores on the HOME scale. Children not detected as being at risk in infancy but whose development was delayed at 3 years came from families with lower scores on the HOME scale. The combination system of perinatal, reproductive, and environmental variables allows the detection of infants at risk for subsequent developmental problems.

EFFECTS OF NEONATAL SCREENING FOR HYPOTHYROIDISM: PREVENTION OF MENTAL RETARDATION BY TREATMENT BEFORE CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS: New England Congenital Hypothyroidism Collaborative

Summary The goals of early treatment of infantile hypothyroidism made possible by neonatal screening are to prevent mental retardation and the more subtle neuropsychological handicaps of the disease. This report concerns only the effects on intellectual development. Stanford-Binet scores are available on 63 of 77 infants with hypothyroidism diagnosed by neonatal screening and treated at the age of 25±15 days—before the appearance of clinical manifestations. In addition, 4 infants were diagnosed on the day of birth because of gross clinical manifestations. These 4 infants, who were treated at 5-15 days of age, have intelligence quotients (IQs) of 110, 50, 64, and 76. The last patient has a twin with an IQ of 80. The mean Stanford-Binet results of 18 normal siblings and 39 euthyroid children who had low thyroxine but normal thyrotropin concentrations was 106±15. The 63 hypothyroid infants treated before recognisable clinical manifestations had a mean score of 106±16, with a normal distribution. Under the conditions ofthis study, the only factor apparently influencing the IQ results was adequacy of treatment in the first year of life. The normal mean and distribution of IQs in patients treated with thyroxine before the appearance of clinical features indicate that mental retardation is a result of thyroid deficiency and not a concomitant, and further that whatever protects the child from developing clinical signs of hypothyroidism in utero probably protects against mental retardation.

The functional concern of mothers for their infants

The Functional Maternal Concern of mothers for their infants was assessed (with an Index derived from Caldwell's Home Observation for the Measurement of the Environment.) when 36 children, heterogeneous with respect to social status, were 6- and 18-months-old. Scores on this Index were related to the mother's IQ and education, as well as to certain temperamental characteristics of the children: cooperativeness and happiness. The Index proved stable over the time period of 6 to 18 months and yielded better predictability of Stanford Binet scores at 48 months than the Bayley Infant test scores. Moreover, there appears to be a minimal level of maternal concern needed to facilitate the child's development which seems to be especially important for the second year of life.