Standing Trunk Flexion Research Articles

Physical Condition Profile Of Male Handball Athletes In Malang City

This study aims to see the level of physical condition in male handball athletes in Malang City. This study uses a descriptive method using a quantitative approach. This study uses instruments in the form of tests, the tests used are 30 meter sprint, multi stage fitness test or bleep test, vertical jump, standing trunk flexion test, and Illinois agility test. The results showed the level of physical condition in Malang City Handball male athletes 46% of physical conditions in the very good category, 16% have physical conditions in the good category, 16% have physical conditions in the sufficient category, 14% have physical conditions in the deficient category, 8% have physical conditions in the very deficient category. Overall, it can be concluded that the physical condition profile of Malang City Handball male athletes is in the "very good" category with a percentage of 46% of the overall results of the physical condition component in Malang City Handball male athletes.

SURVEI TINGKAT KONDISI FISIK ATLET JUDO KOTA MALANG

AbstrakThis study aims to determine the level of physical condition of the athletes of the Malang city judo team in 2022. Instruments in data collection in this study used tests and measurements of physical conditions consisting of strength (Back dynamometer, Leg dynamometer, Push Up) , agility and flexibility (Standing Trunk Flexion) . The subjects of this study were futsal athletes in Malang as many as 7 athletes. which has been data and collected by researchers in the form of documents taken from the FIK UM talent scouting team in collaboration with KONI Malang City, so that the data is data that is already available (exposed facto). Based on the results of the study, it can be seen that the Physical Condition of the Malang City Judo athletes in the very good category is 0.00% (0 athletes), in the good category 11.76% (2 athletes), in the medium category 76.48% (3 athletes), in the less category by 11.76% (2 athletes) and in the less category 0.00% (0 athletes). The conclusion is that the physical condition of the Judo athletes in Malang is in the sufficient category.Kata kunci: physical condition; judo;

Effects of capacitive and resistive electric transfer therapy on pain and lumbar muscle stiffness and activity in patients with chronic low back pain.

[Purpose] In this study, we investigated the therapeutic effects of capacitive and resistive electric transfer therapy in patients with chronic low back pain. [Participants and Methods] The study included 24 patients with chronic low back pain (12 patients each in the intervention and sham groups). Pain intensity, superficial and deep lumbar multifidus stiffness and maximum forward trunk flexion and associated activation level of the iliocostalis (thoracic and lumbar component) and lumbar multifidus muscles were measured. [Results] Post-intervention pain intensity and muscle stiffness were significantly lower than pre-intervention measurements in the intervention group. However, no between-group difference was observed in the muscle activation level at the end-point of standing trunk flexion. [Conclusion] Our findings highlight a significant therapeutic benefit of capacitive and resistive electric transfer therapy in patients with chronic low back pain and muscle stiffness.

The Effects Induced by a Specific Program on the Development of Segmental Flexibility in Athletes Aged 7-14 in Synchronized Swimming.

This research aims to expand the knowledge on the level of development of segmental flexibility, to girls aged 7–14 years, who practice synchronized swimming. The study includes 112 girls aged between 7 and 14 years, divided into groups on age, every two years, and on the period of synchronized swimming between 6 months and 42 months. The study focused on three body segments, namely: torso, hip, and shoulder. Segmental flexibility was assessed using 5 tests: standing trunk flexion, shoulder flexibility, Hip-split legs sideways, Hip-split antero-posterior with the right foot forward, and Hip-split antero-posterior with the left foot forward, performed in the gym. The statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS-24 software aiming at the following parameters: arithmetic means (X), standard deviation (SD), minimum (Min), maximum (Max), CI–95% Confidence Interval for Mean with the two lower and upper marks, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test for testing the normality of data distribution and a multifactor ANOVA analysis, using the F test. The most significant improvements highlighted by the differences between initial and final were for: the shoulder flexibility test in the 13–14 years’ groups; flexibility of the spine registered the biggest difference between the 9–10 years’ group; for hip-split legs sideways the biggest difference was between 9–10 years’ group and 13–14 years and 9–10 years, too. The hip-split antero-posterior tests with the left and also, for right foot forward, showed the biggest differences between tests for 13–14 age groups. The development of joint flexibility has an upward evolution, being conditioned by the age of the practitioners and by the operating methodology specific to synchronized swimming. The longer the training period, the greater the premises for the development of segmental flexibility.

Association of physical fitness and motor ability at young age with locomotive syndrome risk in middle-aged and older men: J-Fit+ Study

BackgroundPhysical fitness and motor ability are associated with the incidence of locomotive syndrome (LS) in older adults. The relationships between physical fitness and motor ability at a young age to LS risk in later life remain unclear. This study examined the association between physical fitness and motor ability among university students and their risk of LS in middle and old age.MethodsThe participants were 231 male alumni aged 48–65 years from the Department of Physical Education of a university in Japan. Physical fitness and motor ability test results during their fourth year at the university were used. Physical fitness tests included the side-step test, vertical jump test, back muscle, grip strength, trunk lift, standing trunk flexion, and step-test. Motor ability was tested using the 50-m and 1500-m run, running long jump, hand-ball throw, and pull-up test. LS risk was assessed using a seven-question standardized self-administered Loco-check questionnaire. Participants were divided into three groups (low, medium, and high) based on physical fitness and motor ability test results at young age, and LS risk was assessed at an older age across the three groups using Cox proportional hazards models.ResultsFrom the 2017 follow-up survey, the median follow-up period was 37 years (interquartile range, 33–41), and LS risk was suspected for 31 (13.4%) participants. Better performance on the side-step test was associated with the reduced risk of LS (hazard ratio 0.32; 95% confidence interval, 0.101–0.983, P = 0.047).ConclusionsGood agility (side-step test) at a young age may reduce the future risk of LS among middle-aged and older men.

Effect of temporary school closure due to COVID-19 on musculoskeletal function in elementary school children.

Objective: In 2020, coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) became the cause of a pandemic. In response, the Japan Sports Agency issued warnings about secondary damage to health, such as the threat to physical and mental well-being due to the lack of exercise in this situation. In this study, we report on cross-sectional and longitudinal examinations of standing trunk flexion to evaluate how temporary long-term school closures affected musculoskeletal function in elementary school students.Patients and Methods: All children in one public elementary school in T-city during the school years 2019 and 2020 were included in this study. A digital forward flexion meter was used to measure standing trunk flexion.Results: In this study, 284 (284/289: 98.3%) and 266 (266/274: 97.1%) children in school years 2020 and 2019, respectively, were found to have valid data for cross-sectional analysis. The standing trunk flexion did not show significant differences between grades or sexes. In the longitudinal analysis, the results of the comparison of standing trunk flexion in children for two consecutive years revealed significant differences only between grades 3 and 4 (P<0.05) and between girls in grades 3 and 4 (P<0.01), but no significant differences in other grades or among boys or girls were observed.Conclusion: Initially, we expected that there would be a difference in the results of functional assessment using standing trunk flexion depending on the period of absence from school. However, the results of this study showed no significant changes in standing trunk flexion. Moreover, since children’s musculoskeletal functions may be affected by various factors during the COVID-19 pandemic, they should be carefully monitored in the future.

Body flexibility and incident hypertension: The Niigata wellness study.

A high level of physical fitness, especially cardiorespiratory fitness, is associated with lower incidence of hypertension. However, the relationship between flexibility, which is a component of physical fitness, and the incidence of hypertension is unknown. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between flexibility and the incidence of hypertension in a cohort study. A total of 22,972 (14,805 men and 8167 women; median age 49years) normotensive participants were included in this study. Between April 2001 and March 2002, flexibility (standing forward bending) was measured using a standing trunk flexion meter. The participants were divided into quartiles of flexibility by sex and age group. Hypertension was defined as systolic blood pressure≥140mmHg, diastolic blood pressure≥90mmHg, or a self-reported history of previously diagnosed hypertension or current medication for hypertension at a health examination between April 2002 and March 2008. Hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for the incidence of hypertension were estimated using Cox proportional hazards models after adjusting for age, sex, body mass index, exercise habits, smoking status, and drinking status. During 102,948 person years of follow-up (median 5.6years), 4235 participants developed hypertension. Compared with the lowest flexibility (quartile 1), hazard ratios and 95% CI were 0.96 (0.88-1.04) for quartile 2, 0.94 (0.86-1.03) for quartile 3, and 0.83 (0.76-0.91) for quartile 4. A high level of flexibility was associated with lower incidence of hypertension, independent of other confounding factors.

Does movement matter in people with back pain? Investigating \u2018atypical\u2019 lumbo-pelvic kinematics in people with and without back pain using wireless movement sensors

BackgroundInterventions for low back pain (LBP) commonly target ‘dysfunctional’ or atypical lumbo-pelvic kinematics in the belief that correcting aberrant movement improves patients’ pain and activity outcomes. If atypical kinematic parameters and postures have a relationship to LBP, they could be expected to more prevalent in people with LBP compared to people without LBP (NoLBP). This exploratory study measured, defined and compared atypical kinematic parameters in people with and without LBP.MethodsWireless inertial motion and EMG sensors were used to measure lumbo-pelvic kinematics during standing trunk flexion (range of motion (ROM), timing, sequence coordination, and extensor muscle activation) and in sitting (relative sitting position, pelvic tilt range) in a sample of 126 of adults without LBP and 140 chronic LBP subjects. Atypical movement was defined using the 10th/90th centiles of the NoLBP group. Mean differences and prevalence rates for atypical movement were calculated. Dichotomised pain scores for ‘high-pain-on-bending’ and ‘high-pain-on-sitting’ were tested for their association with atypical kinematic variables.ResultsFor standing flexion, significant mean differences, after adjusting for age and gender factors, were seen for the LBP group with (i) reduced ROM (trunk flexion (NoLBP 111o, LBP 93o, p < .0001), lumbar flexion (NoLBP 52o, LBP 46o, p < .0001), pelvic flexion (NoLBP 59o, LBP 48o, p < .0001), (ii) greater extensor muscle activation for the LBP group (NoLBP 0.012, LBP 0.25 p < .0001), (iii) a greater delay in pelvic motion at the onset of flexion (NoLBP − 0.21 s; LBP − 0.36 s, p = 0.023), (iv) and longer movement duration for the LBP group (NoLBP 2.28 s; LBP 3.18 s, p < .0001). Atypical movement was significantly more prevalent in the LBP group for small trunk (× 5.4), lumbar (× 3.0) and pelvic ROM (× 3.9), low FRR (× 4.9), delayed pelvic motion at 20o flexion (× 2.9), and longer movement duration (× 4.7). No differences between groups were seen for any sitting parameters. High pain intensity was significantly associated with small lumbar ROM and pelvic ROM.ConclusionSignificant movement differences during flexion were seen in people with LBP, with a higher prevalence of small ROM, slower movement, delayed pelvic movement and greater lumbar extensor muscle activation but without differences for any sitting parameter.

Flexion-Relaxation Phenomenon in Children and Adolescents With and Without Nonspecific Chronic Low Back Pain: An Electromyographic and Kinematic Cross-Sectional Comparative Study.

A cross-sectional comparative study. This study aimed to investigate the flexion-relaxation phenomenon (FRP), in standing trunk flexion and slumped sitting tasks, by comparing children and adolescents suffering from nonspecific chronic low back pain (NSCLBP) with controls (CTRL). The absence of the FRP can accurately discriminate adults with NSCLBP from those without during standing trunk flexion and slumped sitting tasks. Even if the FRP has been extensively studied in adults with NSCLBP, only one study has evaluated the FRP in adolescents, during a slumped sitting task, and this suggested that the FRP was also present in adolescents with NSCLBP. Thirty-seven children and adolescents with NSCLBP and 23 CTRL performed standing trunk flexion and slumped sitting tasks. All participants were equipped with surface electromyography (EMG) electrodes on the erector spinae longissimus (ESL) and multifidus (M) muscles and reflective markers on the spinous processes of C7, L1, and S1. Global (C7-S1), thoracic (C7-L1), and lumbar (L1-S1) trunk flexion absolute angle were measured. The FRP was reported using visual inspection and a flexion-relaxation ratio (FRR). A self-reference threshold was used to identify the time of FRP onset. Repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to determine the main and interaction effects of task, group and muscle on FRR, and the relative maximal angle at FRP onset of the global trunk (C7-S1). Results showed three main findings: (1) the FRP's low sensitivity in discriminating between NSCLBP and CTRL participants in groups, tasks, or muscles; (2) similar observed maximal flexion angles in both groups during flexion tasks; and (3) similar observed relative maximal global trunk flexion angles at FRP onset in groups, tasks, and muscles. These results are not consistent with the literature on adults and could lead to modified therapeutic management of NSCLBP in children and adolescents. 3.

Comparison of immediate effects between two medical stretching techniques on Hamstrings flexibility.

[Purpose] The aim of this study was to compare immediate effects between new medical stretching (NMS) and conventional medical stretching (CMS) techniques on Hamstrings flexibility. [Subjects and Methods] Thirteen healthy adult males, with finger floor distance (FFD) less than zero centimeter, without known musculoskeletal and neurological impairment in spine or lower extremities, were included. The subjects were randomly allocated to two groups. The subjects were instructed to perform NMS and CMS (hold for 30 seconds once, twice for each side of lower extremity) for both sides (total two minutes, only one session for one day). The interval between the two techniques was one week. FFD was measured with digital standing trunk flexion meter at the pre-intervention and post-intervention of both techniques. [Results] The mean values of FFD improved at the post-interventions of both techniques. The tests of within subject effects indicated that the main effect of treatment was not significant but the main effect of time was significant and the interaction of treatment and time was also significant. [Conclusion] The results of this study indicated that both medical stretching techniques were effective on Hamstrings flexibility immediately after the intervention and NMS technique was more effective on improving flexibility.

What is the Best Surface EMG Measure of Lumbar Flexion-Relaxation for Distinguishing Chronic Low Back Pain Patients From Pain-free Controls?

Lumbar flexion-relaxation (FR) is a well-known phenomenon that can reliably be seen in normal subjects but not in most chronic low back pain (CLBP) patients. The purpose of this study was to determine which surface electromyographic (SEMG) measures of FR best distinguish CLBP patients from pain-free control subjects. Standing SEMG and lumbar flexion range of motion (ROM) were also evaluated. A cohort of 218 CLBP patients, who were admitted to a functional restoration program, received a standardized SEMG and ROM assessment during standing trunk flexion and reextension. An asymptomatic control group of 30 nonpatients received an identical assessment. Both groups were compared on 8 separate SEMG and 3 flexion ROM measures. A receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was used to determine how well each measure distinguished between the CLBP patients and the pain-free control subjects. All SEMG measures of FR performed acceptably. Between 79% and 82% of patients, and 83% and 100% of controls were correctly classified. Standing SEMG performed less well. Gross flexion ROM was the best single classification measure tested, correctly classifying 88% of patients and 83% of controls. A series of discriminant analyses found that certain combinations of SEMG and ROM performed slightly better than gross ROM alone for correctly classifying the 2 subjects groups. Because all SEMG measures of FR performed acceptably, the determination of which SEMG measure of FR is "best" is largely dependent on one's specific purpose. In addition, ROM measures were found to be important components of the FR assessment.

Altered muscle recruitment during extension from trunk flexion in low back pain developers

BackgroundA functionally induced, transient low back pain model consisting of exposure to prolonged standing has been used to elucidate baseline neuromuscular differences between previously asymptomatic individuals classified as pain developers and non-pain developers based on their pain response during a standing exposure. Previous findings have included differences in frontal plane lumbopelvic control and altered movement strategies that are present prior to pain development. Control strategies during sagittal plane movement have not been previously investigated in this sample. The purpose of this research was to investigate neuromuscular control differences during the extension phase from trunk flexion between pain developers and non-pain developers. MethodsContinuous electromyography and kinematic data were collected during standing trunk flexion and extension on 43 participants (22 male) with an age range of 18–33years, prior to entering into the prolonged standing exposure. Participants were classified as pain developer/non-pain developer by their pain response (≥10mm increase on a 100mm visual analog scale) during standing. Relative timing and sequencing data between muscle pairs were calculated through cross-correlation analyses, and evaluated by group and gender. FindingsPain developers demonstrated a ‘top-down’ muscle recruitment strategy with lumbar extensors activated prior to gluteus maximus, while non-pain developers demonstrated a typical ‘bottom-up’ muscle recruitment strategy with gluteus maximus activated prior to lumbar extensors. InterpretationIndividuals predisposed to low back pain development during standing exhibited altered neuromuscular strategies prior to pain development. These findings may help to characterize biomechanical movement profiles that could be important for early identification of people at risk for low back pain.

고령자의 신체 기능이 의복 착용 행동에 미치는 영향

The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of physical functions of elderly people on their clothing behavior and to provide basic information about manufacturing comfortable apparels for the elderly. A total of 219 people, with ages between 60s and 70s, participated in the survey and in the experiment to correlate their tendency of wearing clothes with the state of their physical functions. About 78.5% of the elderly showed eyesight deterioration in the subjective evaluation. Elders in their 60s raised their arms higher up in overhead reach, and showed shorter distance between middle fingertips in behind back stretch and in back scratch than elders in their 70s. Also, the former stretched farther to the floor in standing trunk flexion, and maintained more steady in one leg stand and in tandem stance than the latter. The narrower the movement range of the upper limb joints was, the more the elderly preferred upper garments with full front opening to those with half or no opening. The more inflexible the upper limbs and waist and the more unbalanced the body was, the more likely the elderly put on pants while sitting on the floor. The time taken to button up the shirt and to put on and take off pants showed a positive correlation with the overhead reach, the behind back stretch, the back scratch and the standing trunk flexion, whereas the former showed a negative correlation with the one leg stand and the tandem stance.

Establishment of Age-predictive Equation for Japanese Women Based on Simple Physical Fitness Measurements and Blood Pressure

The purpose of this study was to discuss the procedures for establishing indices for physical senility from simple physical fitness tests through linear regression analysis. The fluctuation of residuals obtained from the various regression analyses and the statistical procedures for dealing with the variables when the assumptions concerning the residuals were contradicted, were discussed. In this study, 168 females (mean age 37.7, SD 11.3, range 20 to 65years) who were registered with one occupational insurance organization were examined. They each underwent tests to establish readings for seven variables, including five physical fitness tests: standing trunk flexion (FLEX), sit-ups in 30seconds (SIT-UP), vertical jump (VERT), repetitious side step in 20seconds (SIDE), and step test (STEP-ME). Two blood pressure readings while at rest were also taken (SBP, DBP). The results can be summarized as follows. In the forward stepwise regression analysis, the order of entered variables was VERT (R=0.637), SIT-UP (R=0.673), DBP (R=0.696), FLEX (R=0.704), and SIDE (R=0.717). The equation is y=61.38-0.569×(VERT)-0.513×(SITUP)+0.183×(DBP)+0.283×(FLEX)-0.328×(SIDE). Minimum AIC estimates (MAICE) were achieved for this equation. The correlation coefficient between residuals and predicted value was 0.345 (p<0.05). To satisfy the assumptions of the standard regression model, the researchers worked with transformed variables instead of working with original variables. The transformations of the raw data into logarithms and into reciprocals is described. According to the rules of variable elimination using ridge regression analysis, SBP and STEP-ME were eliminated from the set of seven variables. However, an examination of the residuals indicated that there were no advantages with using these transformations compared to the general linear model using raw data. The ratio of the predicted age for each client obtained from the predictive equation and chronological age is regarded as a marker of aging. Therefore, it is necessary for researchers to examine what kind of life styles result in such individual differences.

THE EFFECTS OF WELL-ROUNDED EXERCISE TRAINING ON ELDERLY JAPANESE PATIENTS WITH GRADE1 OR GRADE2 HYPERTENSION

The often-prescribed regimen of aerobic exercise for hypertensive older adults (HTN) does little to improve overall physical fitness other than cardiorespiratory endurance. However, well-rounded (aerobic, resistance, and flexibility) exercise training is not yet commonly prescribed for HTN. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of well-rounded exercise training on overall physical fitness in a group of Japanese older adults with grade 1 or grade 2 hypertension. Twenty-three volunteers were divided into a training group (TR: 6 men and 7 women, 69 ± 3 yr) and a control group (CN: 4 men and 6 women, 69 ± 5 yr). The TR participated in 12 wk of supervised well-rounded exercise consisting of 15 min of warm-up, 30 min of combined aerobic and hydraulic resistance exercise, and 15 min of cool-down. The CN continued their normal daily physical activity. During the 12-wk period, there were no incidences of physical injury, cardiovascular complications, or attrition in either group. After 12 wk of training, the TR demonstrated increases in grip strength (6.1%, p = 0.04), side stepping agility (13%, p = 0.0002), standing trunk flexion (76%, p = 0.03), prone truk extension (18%, p = 0.04), eyes closed standing on one foot balance (41%, p = 0.04), forced vital capacity (8%, p = 0.04), oxygen uptake at lactate threshold (LT) (12%, p = 0.001), and HR at LT (13 bpm, p = 0.005). Decreases were observed in resting systolic BP (14 mmHg, p = 0.02), total cholesterol (19 mg/dl, p = 0.06), and in low density lipoprotein (20 mg/dl, p = 0.03). Muscular strength (measured by an Omnitron hydraulic-resistance machine) was increased in the TR at dial setting 2 (low intensity) for shoulder press (21%, p = 0.002), chest press (8%, p = 0.05), and lumber flexion (39%, p = 0.07); at dial setting 5 (moderate intensity) for shoulder pull (22%, p = 0.005), chest press (12%, p = 0.05), lumber extension (18%, p = 0.05), and lumber flexion (27%, p = 0.02). In the CN, no significant changes were observed in any of the measured variables after the 12-week period. These results indicate that well-rounded exercise training may be a suitable measure for the management of hypertension in HTN, and the derived improvement of overall physical fitness from well-rounded exercise training will likely enhance their ability to perform the activities of daily living and reduce their risk of suffering a fall, thus improving their overall quality of life.

Strategy and Actions for Achieving Productive Aging in Japan

The objective of this study was to develop basic strategies for determining the ideal form of corporate management that meets the needs of an aging work force, specifically with the intent to develop a method of calculating functional age, one of the determining factors of such strategies. A literature search was made of annual reports of research conducted jointly by the Association of Employment for Senior Citizens and Japanese corporations. We tested the physical, physiological, and psychomotor functions of 271 male workers ranging in age from 20 to 59, and we used the results to examine the means of creating a formula to calculate functional age. Many of the measures adopted by Japanese corporations to deal with aging involve job redesign. This category accounts for 58.5% of such measures in all research fields. Night vision, standing trunk flexion, timed vital capacity, systolic blood pressure, and jumping reaction time each have an important influence on functional age calculation.

Physiological characteristics of well-trained synchronized swimmers in relation to performance scores.

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships between the physiological characteristics of synchronized swimmers and their performance scores. The subjects were 16 trained female synchronized swimmers with a mean age of 17.2 +/- 1.7 years (mean +/- SD). The examined variables were body dimensions (height, width, body mass, circumference of the body and segment length), body composition, isokinetic muscle strength of the elbow and knee during extension and flexion, abdominal muscle endurance, anaerobic power (leg extension power and peak blood lactate concentration), aerobic power (maximum oxygen uptake [VO2max], swimming velocity at the onset of blood lactate accumulation [OBLA-V]), and flexibility (standing trunk flexion, prone trunk extension and distance between the open legs). The performance scores had significant correlations (p < 0.05) with isokinetic muscle strength of the elbow extension and flexion, and the knee extension, abdominal muscle endurance, leg extension power, VO2max x wt(-1), OBLA-V and distance between the open legs. However, no significant correlations were found between the performance scores and anthropometric variables. This study showed that the performance scores of synchronized swimmers correlated significantly with the functional aspects, and that muscle strength, muscle endurance and aerobic capacity seem to be particularly important determinants.

Establishment of age-predictive model including the degree of dental attrition

In this study, a linear model was applied in order to predict chronological age on the basis of independent variables such as blood pressure (SBP, DBP), maximal aerobic power (MAP), some measures of physical fitness (FLEX=standing trunk flexion, BALANCE=one foot balance with eye closed, SITUP=situps during 30sec., FAT=estimated percent body fat from skinfolds thickness), and DA=dental age from Sugiyam's estimation.Sixty-seven males (18 to 60 years of age) as subjects participated in this study. The results of this study can be summarized as follows:1) DA showed a fixed contribution for chronological age.2) There was no relationship among dental attrition and physical fitness except SITUP.3) As a result of stepwise regression analysis, the following model was established as optimal: y=36.3+0.424xDA-0.994xSITUP (R2=0.613).4) The stability of this model was confirmed according to the analysis of residuals.5) The model containing all variables is as follows: y=31.3+0.42xDA-1.08xSITUP+0.112xFLEX+0.008xBALANCE+0.036xMAP-0.019xSBP+0.103xDBP-0.094xFAT(R2=0.634)

Studies on the Trunk-Pelvis Rhythm during Standing Trunk Flexion.

Healthy 30 persons, 15 males and 15 females, were subjected to study the movement of the hip-joint, pelvis and trunk during standing trunk flexion using a digital camera. The movement of the hip joint linearly increased in correlation with the scale of standing trunk flexion. The trunk movement was exponentially inclined and then remained stable with the trunk flexion of the finger-floor distance less than 10 cm. Thus, while the anterior trunk flexion was much more involved at the initial stage of standing trunk flexion, the movement of the hip joint played more important role at a later half of flexion. In females the range of motion of the hip joint played a greater role than in males. Standing trunk flexion was considered to be highly influenced by the anterior inclination of hip joints or pelvis.

可能性線形回帰分析を用いた知的障害者の1500m走の記録向上の可能性の推定(&lt;特集&gt;コミュニケーション)

As many effort has been made to increase the opportunity of the social participant of the individuals with mental retardation in modern society, the contact between the individuals with mental retardation and the society will increase more and more. When the individuals with mental retardation lead the social life, the one of the most important physical factor is total body endurance. So it is important that we secure the probability of improving the total body endurance performance precisely. We are used to measure the record of 1500m run for the indicator of endurance performance. But it is very hard to measure for the individuals with mental retardation. So we try to estimate the record from other physical factor. Generally the multiple regression are used to apply such the estimation, but for the individuals with mental retardation, multiple regression isn't available bccause their data distribution does not fit the normal distribution and their understanding of the measuring method is different each measuring time. So we propose the method which can estimate the record of 1500m run. This method use Liner Probability Regression, which based on the Fuzzy Theory. The Fuzzy Theory is proposed from L. A. Zadeh in 1965. This theory use membership function instead of population value. The subjects consisted of 20 individuals with mental retardation aged 32.7±11.0. The test items were Standing trunk flexion, Trunk extension, Closed-eyes foot balance, Grip strength(R,L), Back strength. Standing long jump, Soft ball throw, Shuttle run, 50m run, Sit ups and 1500m run. The result were as follows: ・The method using probability liner regression could estimate the range of the record of 1500m run. ・The method using probability liner regression could numerically set the object of improving performance. ・The estimated range which was set "the improving probability of performance" was very valid range.