Standing Time Research Articles

PSIII-6 Pre- and Postpartum Locomotor Activity in Nutrient Restricted Primiparous Beef Females

Abstract To determine the effects of late gestational nutrient restriction (NR) on pre- and postpartum locomotion, fall-calving Hereford-SimAngus heifers were individually fed 100% (control; CON; n = 11) or 70% (NR; n = 13) of energy and protein requirements for maintenance, pregnancy, and growth from d 160 of gestation to calving. Heifers were housed in 3.7 x 15.8 m pens, and IceQube accelerometers were placed on a hind fetlock on d 265 of gestation to record motion index (MI), standing time (ST), lying time (LT), step count, and lying bout number (LB). Prepartum data were analyzed by day (72 h prepartum), 6-h periods (24 h prepartum), and hour (6 h prepartum). Post-calving data were analyzed by day (7 d postpartum). All analyses had fixed effects of nutritional plane, time period, their interaction, and calving date. In both 72- and 24-h analyses, ST was greater (P ≤ 0.02) in NR compared with CON. Nutritional plane x day affected (P = 0.008) LB within 72 h prepartum, where NR females had an altered pattern across days. In the 6 h prepartum, MI was affected (P = 0.005) by nutritional plane x hour where NR were more variable than CON. Post-calving, standing time tended to be greater (P = 0.06) in NR compared with CON. In the 72-h prepartum analysis, ST increased (P = 0.005) on the final day pre-calving. Step count, MI, and LB increased (P ≤ 0.008) during the last 6 h prepartum. Standing time decreased (P = 0.04) at -1 h prepartum, while LB increased (P < 0.001) at -2 h and again at -1 h prepartum. Step count and MI decreased (P < 0.001) for the first 4 d postpartum, and LB were greatest on d 1 postpartum (P < 0.001). These data suggest late gestational nutrient restriction increases peripartum standing time in beef females.

Standing time and daily proportion of sedentary time are associated with pain-related disability in a onemonth accelerometer measurement in adults with overweight or obesity.

The association between the subjective experience of pain-related disability (PRD) and device-measured physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior (SB) in overweight and obese adults is not well known. The aim of this study was to investigate the associations of pain markers with accelerometer-measured SB duration and different intensities of PA among physically inactive middle-aged adults with overweight or obesity. This cross-sectional analysis included 72 subjects (27 men) with mean age of 57.9(SD 6.7)years and mean BMI of 31.6 (SD 4.1)kg/m2. SB and standing time (ST), breaks in sedentary time, light physical activity (LPA) and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) were measured for four consecutive weeks (mean 25days, SD 4) with a hip-worn triaxial accelerometer. Headache, musculoskeletal pain, back pain, and PRD were assessed by visual analog scales (VAS) and using the Oswestry disability index (ODI). RAND-36 questionnaire was applied to assess health-related quality of life. The associations were studied by linear models. ST was positively and SB proportion was negatively associated with PRD when adjusted for age, sex, BMI, accelerometry duration, MVPA, pain medication use, and general health perceptions assessed by RAND-36. No associations were found between ST and back pain. SB or different PA intensities were not associated with pain experience at specific sites. Longer daily ST, but not LPA or MVPA is associated with higher level of PRD. Correspondingly, higher proportion of SB is associated with lower level of PRD. This suggests that individuals with PRD prefer to stand, possibly to cope with pain. These results may highlight the importance of habitual standing behaviors in coping with experienced PRD in adults with overweight or obesity.

Sequential changes in lower extremity function after total knee arthroplasty.

The effectiveness of total knee arthroplasty (TKA) for recovering ambulation and balance functions has not been investigated in detail. The present study aimed to measure functional changes in the lower limb before and after TKA by measuring ambulation function with the 3 m Timed Up and Go (TUG) test and balance function using one-leg standing time (ST). The study included 137 patients (116 women and 21 men) with osteoarthritis of the knee who underwent primary TKA. The mean age of the patients was 74.4 years. The mean postoperative hospital stay for rehabilitation was 23.9 days. The TUG test and ST were performed preoperatively, 2 weeks postoperatively, at discharge, and 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively. These results from these six measurements were also compared using one-way repeated measures analysis of variance. The TUG test and ST were significantly improved at 3 months after surgery. However, both the TUG test and ST did not improve further from 3 months to 6 months postoperatively or from 6 months to 1 year postoperatively. TKA is useful for restoring lower limb function, as both ambulation and balance functions were significantly improved 3 months after surgery. However, no further improvement in ambulation or balance function was recognized beyond 3 months.

Effect of intraoperative soft tissue balance on postoperative recovery of ambulatory and balancing function in posterior-stabilized total knee arthroplasty

BackgroundThe effectiveness of total knee arthroplasty (TKA) on ambulatory and balancing function recovery should be quantitatively investigated. The present study aimed to evaluate ambulatory function using 3m-timed up and go (TUG) test and balancing function using one-leg standing time (ST) from before and after TKA, and to analyze the effects of intraoperative soft tissue balance on the postoperative improvement of their functions after TKA. MethodsThe study included 65 patients with varus-type knee osteoarthritis who underwent primary posterior-stabilized (PS) TKA. The TUG test and ST were performed preoperatively, 1 month and 12 months after TKA. The intraoperative soft tissue balance, medial and lateral joint looseness (MJL, LJL) were evaluated with both femoral trial in place and patellofemoral joint reduced using the OFR tensor® with the knee at 0, 10, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, and 135°. The influences of MJL and LJL on the improvement in TUG test time and ST and the 2011 Knee Society Knee Scoring System (2011 KSS) 12 months after TKA were investigated. ResultsThe mean TUG test times and ST were 12.7 and 13.1, 13.5 and 15.4, and 10.9 and 19.2 s preoperatively, 1 month and 12 months after TKA, respectively. The MJL at 10, 30 and 90° flexion was significantly negatively correlated with improvement in the TUG test time and the MJL at 0° flexion was significantly negatively correlated with improvement in the ST. However, the LJL was not significantly correlated with improvement in the TUG test time and the ST. The MJL at 45, 60, and 90° flexion was significantly negatively correlated with the 12-month postoperative score on the activities subscale of the 2011 KSS. ConclusionsThe higher intraoperative medial knee stability may be associated with the better postoperative improvement in ambulatory function and activities subscale of the 2011 KSS after PS-TKA.

Relationship of Habitual Sedentary Behavior with Glycemic Control in People with Type 2 Diabetes

Objective: Sedentary behavior (SB) has been shown to have an acute negative effect on glucose and insulin metabolism in people who are healthy and those with diabetes. It is unknown whether habitual SB will negatively affect long-term glycemic control as measured by HbA1c. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between habitual SB and HbA1c in people with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Methods: Objective assessment of SB and overall daily physical activity was collected in people with T2D in this cross-sectional analysis by asking the participants to wear an activity monitor with accelerometer and inclinometer measures (ActivPAL) for 7 days. The following variables average were included to examine the relationship with HbA1c (measured via disposable blood finger stick test using (A1cNow+) kit): total sitting time (TST), standing time (ST), walking time (WT). Results: Total of 31 participants (65 ± 7.64 years, 10 males) were included in the analysis. The main outcomes averages were as follow: HbA1c 7.33 ± 1.41, TST 11.43 hr. ± 2.21, ST 3.86 hr. ± 1.65, WT 1.49 hr. ± 0.7. Person correlation coefficients test showed that HbA1c was positively correlated with TST (r= 0.365, p<0.05) but not with ST (r= - 0.293, p=0.11) or WT (r= - 0.291, p=0.11). Conclusion: The results of this study indicates that SB level is an important modifiable factor in glycemic control in people with T2D. This effect appears to be independent of daily physical activity level. Future studies should focus on establishing causality between SB and long-term glycemic control. As many people with T2D struggle to meet recommended physical activity levels, targeting SB may be an important step in the process of reaching a healthy lifestyle. Disclosure S. Alothman: None. M. Alshehri: None. A.M. Alenazi: None. P. Kluding: None.

Light-intensity physical activity is associated with adiposity in adolescent females.

Sedentary behavior (SB) research has relied on accelerometer thresholds to distinguish between sitting/lying time (SLT) and light-intensity physical activity (LIPA). Such methods may misclassify SLT, standing time (StT), and LIPA. This study examines the association between directly measured SB, physical activity (PA), and adiposity in an adolescent female sample. Female adolescents (n = 195; mean age, 15.7 yr (SD, 0.9)) had body mass index (BMI) (median, 21.7 kg·m (interquartile range, 5.2 kg·m)) and four-site sum of skinfolds (median, 62.0 mm; interquartile range, 37.1 mm) measured and wore an activPAL™ activity monitor for 7 d. SLT, StT, breaks in SLT, and bouts of SLT <30 and ≥30 min were determined from activPAL outputs. A threshold of 2997 counts per 15 s determined moderate-to-vigorous PA. All remaining time was quantified as LIPA. Mixed linear regression models examined associations between PA variables, SB variables, and adiposity. Participants spent a mean of 65.3% (SD, 7.1) of the waking day in SLT, 23.0% (SD, 5.3) in StT, 5.6% (SD, 1.5) in LIPA, and 6.1% (SD, 2.4) in moderate-to-vigorous PA. Significant effects for the percentage of LIPA (which excluded StT) with both BMI (β = -4.38, P = 0.0006) and sum of skinfolds (β = -4.05, P = 0.006) were identified. Significant effects for breaks in SLT with BMI (β = -0.30, P = 0.04) were also observed. No additional significant associations were found between activity measures and adiposity. Increased LIPA (excluding StT) and breaks in SLT were negatively associated with adiposity in this sample, independent of age. Interventional work should examine whether reducing SLT through breaks and increasing LIPA may prevent increases in adiposity in adolescent females.

Physical activity and low back pain: the role of subgroups based on the avoidance-endurance model

Purpose: This study examines the relationship between low back pain, disability and fatigue and overt physical activity with respect to fear-avoidance and endurance-related subgroups. Method: 49 patients completed questionnaires (Pain, Disability, Fatigue, Depression, Pain-responses pattern) 6 months after lumbar disc surgery and underwent an 8-hour accelerometer assessment measuring overall physical activity (PAL), constant strain postures (CSP), standing time (ST) and lying time (LT). Four subgroups, representing patterns of distress-endurance (DER), eustress-endurance (EER), fear-avoidance (FAR) and adaptive responses (AR) due to the avoidance-endurance model of pain-regulation were investigated. Results: Multivariate analyses of covariance revealed significantly higher pain, disability and fatigue in FAR compared to AR patients and, as expected lower PAL and CSP in FAR than in endurance patients. Both endurance groups revealed higher pain accompanied by higher accelerometer-based physical activity (PAL, CSP) than AR and FAR patients. Most of the subgroup differences displayed moderate to high effect sizes. Conclusions: The results indicate different pathways to chronic pain and disability with physical underuse in FAR patients and overuse/overload in endurance patients suggesting the need for individually targeted cognitive-behavioral treatments in the maladaptive groups.Implications for RehabilitationImproving the return to a normal physical activity level is an important goal for the rehabilitation of patients after lumbar disc surgery.Different pathways to chronic pain and disability with physical underuse in fear-avoidance patients and overuse in endurance patients should be considered.Different pain-related pain response pattern, based on the avoidance-endurance model, indicate the need for individual targeting of rehabilitation programs.

Effects of Chloramphenicol Pretreatment on Xylazine/ketamine anaesthesia in cats

.Keyword: Chloramphenicol, xylazine, ketamine, anaesthesia, cats The effect of pretreatment with a single intramuscular (im) dose of chloramphenicol (10mg/kg) on the anaethesia induced with im injection of ketamine (25mg/kg) was investigated in five cats premedicated with im xylazine (1.0mg/kg) and atropine (0.04mg/kg) with regard to the onset of anaesthesia (OAN), duration of analgesia (DAN), sleeping time (SLT) and standing time (STT). In addition, changes in heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RR) and rectal temperature (RT) were recorded immediately after ketamine-induced anaesthesia and at 10-min intervals over a period of 60 mins. The difference in OAN between treated cats (2.8+1.7 mins) and the control cats (1.4+0.9 min) was not significant (P>0.05). The DAN in the treated cats (124.4+51.1 mins) and the control cats (114.4+50.9 mins) were significantly different (P