Standby Position Research Articles

Bandwidth Management with Mikrotik OS Routers Using the Per Connection Queue Method

Services that use the Internet as Business Cafe, Online Games, education, defense and security, online businesses, e-mail service providers, and others will experience barriers in carrying out their activities. Often problems arise in internet service providers are setting up or managing broadband. The implementation of broadband management is aimed at optimizing the bandwidth available to provide broadband guarantees for Internet users, such as network congestion (through traffic) and unstable broadband received by Internet service providers (ISPs). Bandwidth management in Mikrotik with the PCQ (Per Connection Queue) method, basically, uses queue methods for the bandwidth balance used on multiple clients. The main purpose of this method is to automatically and unevenly share bandwidth sharing, with a simple turn-line if only one subscriber actively uses another temporary bandwidth will be in the standby position, then the subscriber can use maximum bandwidth which is available, but if another customer is active, then the maximum bandwidth can be used by both customers who have maximum width / 2, if there are subscribers at the same time active, each will receive the maximum bandwidth allowance / all clients, so will not be a fair wide-ranging distribution for all customers.

Sufism Psychotherapy: Hudur al-Qalb Method For Mental Health

This study aims to explain hudur al-qalb as a tasawuf psychotherapy method for mental health. As a literature research, this article will examine hudur al-qalb in the thinking of Sufi experts, such as al-Ghazali and Ibn al-’Arabi, and to what extent it can provide benefits in mental health, namely peace of mind and soul. This research has implications for efforts to cure mental stress by tasawuf psychotherapy. This research is qualitative in nature, namely it is carried out by collecting, analyzing, and interpreting narratives comprehensively on visual data to gain complete, comprehensive and holistic insight into the phenomenon of hudur al-qalb. The results of the study found that Hudur al-qalb is a condition in which the heart is awake, namely in a stand-by position. This vigilance keeps the heart in awareness, and of course in vigilance. This wakefulness keeps the heart in awareness and in ‘mindfulness’. This condition leads to intelligence of mind, meaning of life, clarity of heart, as well as silence and reassurance of the soul. In addition, this condition can also eliminate mental anxiety and reduce negligence.

A safety enhanced sodium-cooled MOX fueled fast reactor core concept

ABSTRACT We have developed a 750MWe sodium-cooled MOX fueled fast reactor core with enhanced safety against typical ATWS. Design goals were set as follows: 1) negative void reactivity for the loss of flow (ULOF); and 2) burnup reactivity less than 1 $ for the transient over power (UTOP). To achieve the goals the following were considered: 1) adoption of the axially heterogeneous core with a sodium plenum and a gas expansion module to reduce void reactivity; and 2) addition of minor actinides (MAs) to the internal blanket to reduce burnup reactivity. Configurations of the core were optimized as follows. First, void reactivity was reduced by a parameter survey for the inner core height, B-10 content of the upper shield, and standby position of the backup control rods. Second, burnup reactivity was reduced by a parameter survey for the MA content in the internal blanket, etc. We designed the safety enhanced fast reactor core that did not undergo sodium boiling if the ULOF occurred and we maintained fuel integrity for the UTOP by the transient analysis. By installing a self-actuated shutdown system in the backup control rods, the improved operational reliability of this shutdown system and the improved safety can be expected.

The dwell point design of stereo garage conveyer considering load balance

By using the non-homogeneous characteristics of the customer arrival process and the characteristics of duration of stay in the garage, we predict the possible standby position of the vehicle conveyer for the next parking or pick-up task during the idle period of the garage and accomplish the design of the dwell point policy. By establishing a garage scheduling model and increasing the weight coefficient of energy consumption, we use the artificial colony algorithm to complete the optimization of the dwell point design policy to realize the load balance of each conveyer. The simulation results show that the average waiting time of customers and the average service time of conveyers are reduced by 20.2% and 62.7%, respectively, which indicates the effectiveness of the design strategy compared with the in-place standby strategy. The standard deviations of load balance of the non-optimized design strategy and the in-place standby strategy are both as high as 50 or more, which shows that the load is unbalanced; on the basis of the total energy consumption of conveyers and customer waiting time increased by 8.6% and 8.0%, respectively, the standard deviation of load balancing decreases by 98% for the optimized design strategy. The designed dwell point policy provides a new idea for improving the load balance of conveyer in stereo garage or warehouse system.

A training program for changing into a standby position (right . left) during attack and its effect on the performance level of boxing juniors

A training program for changing into a standby position (right . left) during attack and its effect on the performance level of boxing juniors

Autonomous Visual Servoing for Alternately Working Arm Robots

Robots have infiltrated many aspects of human life up to this point, and with the term Industry 4.0, robots have even become the primary workforce in various factories. This condition necessitates that the robots collaborate without clashing. This paper discusses the application of two arm robot manipulators working alternately in sorting agricultural products. The proposed method employs simple image processing to detect the object and becomes the input to the system to control the robots. The effectiveness of the proposed method is enhanced by the application of a Fuzzy Logic Controller to smoothen robots’ joints motions. The average time required by the robot to finish their task from detecting to returning to standby position is 11.76 s for green tomatoes and 12.86 s for red tomatoes. The experimental results show that the proposed method is effective in controlling two robots to pick and place agricultural products using visual servoing.

Adult children’s experiences of family occupations following ageing parents’ functional decline

ABSTRACT Background. Adult children often live separately from their ageing parents; however, family occupations between them may still be an important aspect of daily life. Previous research showed that, when ageing parents experience functional decline, their adult children’s everyday life is affected. Purpose. We aimed to provide insight into adult children’s experiences of family occupations when their older parents’ exhibit functional decline. Method. This study used a qualitative research design with a constructivist grounded theory approach. In total, 15 in-depth interviews were carried out in a Norwegian context with adult children, aged 47-64 years, whose parents were exhibiting increased functional decline and had received public reablement services as a result. Findings. Family occupations consist of visible aspects, such as “doing family occupations” together and for each other, and less visible aspects, including experiences of “ambivalence in doing without being asked” and “being in a state of readiness”. Our findings showed how adult children gradually assumed responsibility for the physical aspects of ‘doing’ in the family occupations. However, they expressed that their parents did not always accept or want to let go of the doing, even when they had difficulties performing physically. Family occupations are constantly changing, and they are metaphorically illustrated as an iceberg. Conclusion. Our findings advance understandings of adult children’s perspectives on family occupations. Adult children play an important part in maintaining family occupation by adapting, planning, and taking on an active role and a stand-by position in the family occupations.

The two-stage free flap strategy: An alternative to reconstruct major oncological surgical defects with noble organ exposure

To minimize the risk of viscera exposure for parietal or calverial reconstruction after tumor removal, we used the two-stage free flap strategy. The flap was transferred a few days before tumor resection and left in a standby position until the second stage. We conducted a retrospective monocentric study. All patients who underwent reconstruction with the two-stage free flap strategy after tumor resection since 2000 were included. We performed 14 two-stage flaps (8 for calvaria, 3 for abdomen, and 3 for thorax) on 12 patients. The average skin paddle surface was 318 cm2. The mean operative time was 274min for the first stage and 172min for the second stage. The average time between the two stages was 8.8 days (2 to 24 days). One flap necrosis, one venous thrombosis, and one hematoma were observed after the first stage. Partial skin paddle necrosis (2 flaps) and infections (3 flaps) occurred after the second stage. The mean follow-up was 20 months (6 to 61 months), and two patients had tumor recurrence. The two-stage free flap strategy is another option for major oncological reconstructions, to be safe and reliable some rules must be followed. The flap must contain a large skin paddle to ensure flap autonomization and to allow for complete tight plication of the flap between the two stages, which limits germ colonization. A short delay between the two stages (<12 days) decreases the risk of infection. The presence of a plastic surgeon during the second stage decreases the risk of pedicle trauma.

Adaptive containment control of multi-leader fleet of underwater vehicle-manipulator autonomous systems carrying a load

ABSTRACTThis paper addresses the problem of a fleet containment under the leader-follower strategy with direct topology. The complete fleet navigation, guidance and control have been designed using adaptive control and the artificial potential field formation-based approach. The framework is developed to control the navigation and formation of a fleet of underwater vehicle-manipulator systems (UVMs). The proposed containment control approach is a distributed cascade control structure composed of a navigation and guidance controller and a tracking controller. For the path tracking control, adaptive is applied to the general equations of motion of the underwater vehicle equipped with a 3 link manipulator owing to its ability to achieve fast and robust adaptation. Potential field like control has been used for navigation and guidance. The objective is to ensure robust formation maintenance while in motion or in a standby position. Simulation results show the performance of the control approach even when subjected to ocean disturbances.

The drama in the hybrid OR: video observations of work processes and staff collaboration during endovascular aortic repair.

Introduction: A hybrid operating room (OR) is a surgical OR with integrated imaging equipment and the possibility to serve both open surgery and image-guided interventions.Aim: This study aimed to investigate the work processes and types of collaboration in a hybrid OR during endovascular aortic repair (EVAR).Methods: Data consisted of video recordings from nine procedures, with a total recording time of 48 hrs 39 mins. The procedures were divided into four episodes (Acts). A qualitative cross-case analysis was conducted, resulting in a typical case. The type of collaboration during specific tasks was discussed and determined based on Thylefors´ team typology.Results: An extensive amount of safety activities occurred in the preparation phase (Acts 1 and 2), involving a number of staff categories. After the skin incision (Act 3), the main activities were performed by fewer staff categories, while some persons had a standby position and there were persons who were not at all involved in the procedure.Discussion: The different specialist staff in the hybrid OR worked through different types of collaboration: multi-, inter- and transprofessional. The level of needed collaboration depended on the activity performed, but it was largely multiprofessional and took place largely in separate groups of specialties: anesthesiology, surgery and radiology. Waiting time and overlapping tasks indicate that the procedures could be more efficient and safe for the patient.Conclusion: This study highlights that the three expertise specialties were required for safe treatment in the hybrid OR, but the extent of interprofessional activities was limited. Our results provide a basis for the development of more effective procedures with closer and more efficient interprofessional collaboration and reduction of overlapping roles. Considerable waiting times, traffic flow and presence of people who were not involved in the patient care are areas of further investigation.

Organizational changes towards a European academic field. A case study of frictions in the narratives of Europeanization at a German university from an institutional perspective

Purpose: Departing from institutional theory and the concept of organizational narratives, this study identifies frictions between university professors and university governance. These frictions pertain to the construction and operationalization of university Europeanization, on the way towards a Europeanized academic field. The organization in this study is in a discursive stand-by position, caused by both organizational structures, and contradicting accounts of Europeanization. Design: The data set comprises, first, a thematic analysis of the official internationalization strategy pursued by the university, and an interview with its initiator. Second, a thematic analysis of semi-structured interviews with 13 professors is conducted, complemented by responses to short standardized questionnaires. Findings: The change process is described as mimetic isomorphism, and faculty opposes normative isomorphic change. Three main areas of friction are identified. First, this study demonstrates that professors and university leadership construct Europeanization differently. Second, professors express a high awareness of independence from university governance. Third, professors appear to partially align their and their staff's research activities with national standards. The university leadership, pushing for Europeanized standards, acknowledges the legitimacy of these conflicting strategies. Implications and Value: The Europeanization of higher education is investigated from an institutional-narratological view in an attempt to connect organizational research with research on societal Europeanization. Europeanization is subjected to intra-organizational struggles over the interpretation of the term. Counter-narratives of what Europeanization means should be recognized in order to pursue a pluralistic notion of Europeanization.

The Effect of Mobile Phone Exposure on the Testicular Structure of the Pubertal and the Adult Male Albino Rat

Introduction: Nowadays, mobile phones (MP) have become indispensable devices in our daily life. The electromagnetic waves and biological effects of MP have recently become a crucial subject in scientific studies. As men usually put MP in standby position most of the day in their pockets close to their testes, the assessment of consequences of MP handling on the male reproductive function seems to be of great importance. Electromagnetic exposure has been found to alter the reproductive endocrine hormones and gonadal function in both the pre-pubertal and the adult rats. Other studies declared that prolonged MP use has been associated with a delay in the onset of puberty.Aim of work: To study the histological structure of the testis of both pubertal and adult male albino rats, upon exposure to MP.Material and Methods: Forty male albino rats were used in this study, twenty pubertal, aging 6-8 weeks and weighing 140-160 gm, and twenty adult, aging 4-6 months and weighing 200 - 250 gm. Group I (Control Group): composed of twenty rats that were left without mobile exposure and were used as control. It was further subdivided into: Group IA (Control Pubertal Group): consisted of ten pubertal rats. Group IB (Control Adult Group): consisted of ten adult rats. Group II (Mobile Group): composed of twenty rats that were exposed to MP during calling for 1 month. It was further subdivided into: Group IIA (Mobile Pubertal Group): consisted of ten pubertal rats. Group IIB (Mobile Adult Group): consisted of ten adult rats. At the end of the experiment, the testis specimens were collected and processed for light microscopic and immunohistochemical examination and morphometric studies were also done.Results: Histological examination of the testis sections of the mobile pubertal group stained with Hx. & E showed multiple focal areas of rupture of basement membrane, decrease in the height of epithelial lining of seminiferous tubules with poor discrimination between its spermatogenic stages. Semithin sections revealed multiple areas of patchy depletion of germinal epithelium and some of the existing spermatogenic cells appeared with pyknotic nuclei. An increase in the number of Leyding cells was observed in the interstitial tissue. Immunohistochemical examination for Caspase III showed positively stained cells revealing marked apoptosis. On the other hand, examination of testis sections of the mobile adult group stained with Hx. & E. showed distortion in some seminiferous tubules. Multiple areas of degeneration were noted close to the basement membrane in many tubules. The thickness of the germinal epithelium was relatively decreased with areas of patchy depletion observed among the spermatogenic cells Moreover, some tubules showed disturbance of their normal architecture with almost complete loss of discrimination of their spermatogenic stages . Secretions were noticed in the interstitial tissue with notable adhesion of adjacent tubules. In semithin section Sertoli cells and spermatogonia were few in number .Some primary spermatocytes appeared distorted in shape. Vacuolation in between the seminiferous layers was evident, along with areas of complete depletion from cellular content. An increase in the number of Leydig cells was observed in the interstitial tissue. Immuno-histochemical examination for Caspase III showed positively stained cells revealing evident apoptosis.Conclusion: Affection of the seminiferous epithelium following mobile waves’ exposure and the more marked affection observed in the pubertal rats in our study, may be considered as a danger alarm for the widely spread and increasing use of mobile phones among pubertal teenage males. Therefore, further studies regarding this age group in human and the possible protective agents against harmful waves are highly recommended.

The Thermal Neutron Beam Option for NECTAR at MLZ

The beam port SR10 at the neutron source FRM II of Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum (MLZ) is equipped with a moveable assembly of two uranium plates, which can be placed in front of the entrance window of the beam tube via remote control. With these plates placed in their operating position the thermal neutron spectrum produced by the neutron source FRM II is converted to fission neutrons with 1.9 MeV of mean energy. This fission neutron spectrum is routinely used for medical applications at the irradiation facility MEDAPP, for neutron radiography and tomography experiments at the facility NECTAR and for materials testing. If, however, the uranium plates are in their stand-by position far off the tip of the beam tube and the so-called permanent filter for thermal neutrons is removed, thermal neutrons originating from the moderator tank enter the beam tube and a thermal spectrum becomes available for irradiation or activation of samples. By installing a temporary flight tube the beam may be used for thermal neutron radiography and tomography experiments at NECTAR. The thermal neutron beam option not only adds a pure thermal neutron spectrum to the energy ranges available for neutron imaging at MLZ instruments but it also is an unique possibility to combine two quite different neutron energy ranges at a single instrument including their respective advantages.The thermal neutron beam option for NECTAR is funded by BMBF in frame of research project 05K16VK3.

Comprehensive study of printed antenna with the handset modeling

ABSTRACTThis article presents a comprehensive study on the performance of a compact multiband antenna operating in LTE700, GSM850, GSM 900, DCS1800, PCS 1900, UMTS 2100, most of LTE bands (especially the low‐frequency LTE 700 band), and wireless applications. The antenna consists of a monopole in conjunction with meander line antenna. An EBG structure is used to miniaturize the antenna size and to enhance the gain in the direction away from the antenna to lower the SAR within the human body. The EBG structure also contributes in open the operating bands. The proposed antenna is tested using the four recommended test positions of the CTIA association where the proposed antenna reveals good performance in all test cases. Return loss, radiation patterns, SAR, and efficiency of this antenna are computed in free space, in the presence of handset (keypad, battery, speaker camera, RF circuit, and LCD) in talking position, in standby position, in packaging, and as well as in the presence of head and hand in free space and in a car. The SAR values are taken into account not to exceed the standard safety levels. In addition, radiation efficiencies of these handset antennas are computed in the presence of head and hand. All simulation results are performed using the CST software. Simulation results are in good agreement with the measurement results. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 58:974–980, 2016

The Power Cable Online Monitor and Protect in Application System

】 The solution of power optical cable online monitoring and cable protection equipment roasted the perfect combination of applications,which can be solved for fiber optic cable line protection, fault location and reduce equipment loss, improve security. Through optical protection equipment improvement, it can increase light protected internal OTDR monitoring channel to achieve the protection of optical communication services and the safeguard of the route line monitoring standby position, and the loss from the original equipment involved 7dB down 3dB, which effectively improve safety and quality of electric power communication optical fiber communication network, and improve management of power optical fiber communication network.

Stochastic Analysis of Two Identical Unit Warm Standby System with Varying Demand of Production

This paper study the two unit warm stand by system in which the demand of items increases arbitrarily for some random amount of duration. Whenever demands of items to which the machines are producing is heavy the standby unit also starts operation and when the demand becomes Normal, the standby unit which is in operation comes into standby mode. Failure of the standby unit remains undetected therefore the standby unit is inspected at random intervals of tim e. The failure can also be detected at the time of need of standby unit to become operative. If the standby uni t is found to be failed in the inspection then it is sent for repair immediately. Failure time distribut ion for both operative and standby units are assumed to be negative exponential. Regenerative point techniques with markov renewal process is used to obtain various reliability characteristics of system. Repair time distribution of units failed during operation and standby position are same and assumed to be general.

Low SAR, Simple Printed Compact Multiband Antenna for Mobile and Wireless Communication Applications

Simple multiband planar antenna for wireless communication applications is presented. The proposed antenna performs four resonant modes covering multibands of wireless standards, including LTE 700, GSM, DCS, PCS, UMTS, and LTE 2300/2500. Furthermore, it covers the ISM, WiMAX, and the WLAN bands. The geometry of the proposed antenna consists of a single FR4 substrate where an open cavity fed by a coplanar U-shaped monopole is etched on one side and a short-circuited meander line in the opposite side. The cavity by its nature supports a wide range of higher frequencies, while its boundary that consists of a thin monopole resonates at 900 MHz. The meander line in the opposite side supports the LTE 700 band. The operating bands ranges are (680–748 MHz), (870–960 MHZ), (1.36–1.59 GHz), and (1.71–2.56 GHz). The antenna size is 30 × 18 × 0.8 mm3. The antenna not only has a compact size but also supports a low SAR radiation at all the operating frequencies. The proposed antenna is tested using the four recommended test positions of the CTIA association where the proposed antenna reveals good performance in all test cases in the presence of handset (keypad, battery, speaker camera, RF circuit, and LCD) in talking position, and in standby position.

The Preliminary Prototype of Medium Dose Rate Brachytherapy Equipment

A preliminary prototype of a brachytherapy equipment has been constructed. The work started by developing conceptual design, followed by basic design and detailed design. In the conceptual design, design requirements are stated. In the basic design, technical specifications for main components are determined. In detailed design, general drawings are discussed. The prototype consists of three main systems: a mechanical system, an instrumentation system, and a safety system. The mechanical system assures the movement mechanism of the isotope source position beginning from the standby position until the applicators. It consists of three main modules: a position handling module, a container module, and a channel distribution module. The position handling module serves to move the isotope source position. As shielding, the second module is to store the source when the equipment is in standby position. The prototype provides 12 output channels. The channel selection is performed by the third module. The instrumentation system controls the movement of source position by handling motor operations. It consists of several modules. A microcontroller module serves as a control center whose task includes both controlling motors and communicating with computer. A motor module serves to handle motors. 10 sensors, including their signal conditionings, are introduced to read the environment conditions of the equipment. LEDs are used to display these conditions. In order to facilitate the operators’ duty, communication via RS232 is provided. The brachytherapy equipment can therefore be operated by using computer. Interface software is developed using C# language. To complete both mechanical and instrumentation systems performance, a safety system is developed to make sure that the safety for operator and patients from receiving excessive radiation. An interlock system is introduced to guard against abnormal conditions. In the worst case, a manual intervention by the operator is provided when all other means are failing to store the isotope source into the safe container. The tests showed good results. The prototype can send the isotope source to applicators. The isotope source can be positioned with an accuracy of ± 0.5 mm and with a speed of 550 mm/second. These characteristics meet the design criteria. Received: 16 January 2013; Revised: 26 August 2013; Accepted: 29 August 2013

The effects of antioxidants on testicular apoptosis and oxidative stress produced by cell phones

The aim of this study was to determine the probable effects of cellular phone usage on apoptosis and oxidative/antioxidative balance in testicular tissue, and the probable protective role of vitamin C and E on these processes. Materials and methods: Forty-two male rats were divided into 6 groups: control, antioxidant, calling, stand-by, calling plus antioxidant, and stand-by plus antioxidant. Oxidant and antioxidant parameters and apoptotic indexes were studied. Two identical cell phones were used in the calling and stand-by groups. Results: Cell phone usage significantly increased apoptosis in call, but not in the stand-by position, in testicular tissue. Apoptosis produced in the calling mode was significantly more excessive than in the stand-by mode. Oxidative stress was found as high to some extent in both calling and stand-by positions. However, no ameliorating effect of antioxidants could be demonstrated on either apoptosis or oxidative stress. Conclusion: The effects of cell phones on testicular apoptosis and oxidative stress in the calling and stand-by positions and the effects of antioxidants on both injuries have been investigated for the first time. In addition, increased apoptosis by cell phones has been shown for the first time in this report.

The Cold Knife: A New Laparoscopic Instrument for Ureteropelvic Junction Incision

The use of laparoscopic scissors or blades in laparoscopic nondismembered pyeloplasty is quite common; however, the incision made using these tools may cause difficulties for the surgeon. We developed an efficient, safe, reusable, and inexpensive instrument to incise the pelvis and ureter during laparoscopic pyeloplasty. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the new laparoscopic instrument designed for pelvic and ureteric incisions. The cold knife consists of an internal urethrotome that is transformed into an endoscopic instrument that can be inserted easily through a 5-mm-diameter trocar. It has a manual retraction system that enables a stand-by position for added protection when no incisions are being made. The new tool was trialed in laparoscopic Y-V pyeloplasty. Data regarding perioperative parameters and outcomes were collected and analyzed. Eight patients participated in the present study. All patients underwent Y-V pyeloplasty using a three-port retroperitoneal access. Mean operative time was 166.2 minutes (range: 100-300). There were no complications during the procedures. Laparoscopic cold knife for laparoscopic pyeloplasty is a simple, safe, reusable, and inexpensive instrument with a low maintenance cost.