Electronic Data Interchange Standards Research Articles

Estimating Aspirin Overuse for Primary Prevention of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease (from a Nationwide Healthcare System)

The American College of Cardiology and American Heart Association recently published guidelines narrowing the indications for low-dose aspirin use. The suitability of the electronic health record (EHR) to identify patients for low-dose aspirin deprescribing is unknown. To apply the 3 low-dose aspirin guidelines to EHR data, the guidelines were deconstructed into components from their narrative text and assigned computer-interpretable definitions based on electronic data interchange standards. These definitions were used to search EHR data to identify patients for aspirin deprescribing. To verify EHR records for low-dose aspirin, we then compared the records with a survey of patients' self-reported use of low-dose aspirin. Of the 3 aspirin guidelines, only 1 had a definition suitable for EHR implementation. The other 2 contained difficult-to-implement phrases (e.g., "higher ASCVD risk", "increased bleeding risk"). An EHR search with the single implementable guideline identified 86,555 people for possible aspirin deprescribing (2% of 5,598,604). Only 676 of 1,135 (60%) patients who self-reported taking low-dose aspirin had an active EHR record for low-dose aspirin at that time. Limitations exist when using EHR data to identify patients for possible low-dose aspirin deprescribing such as incomplete EHR capture of and the interpretation of non-specific terminology when translating guidelines into an electronic equivalent. In conclusion, data show many people unnecessarily take low-dose aspirin.

Analyzing inter-organizational business processes

Companies are increasingly embedded in B2B environments, where they have to collaborate in order to achieve their goals. Such collaborations lead to inter-organizational business processes that may be commonly supported through the exchange of electronic data interchange (EDI) messages (e.g., electronic purchase orders, invoices etc.). Despite the appearance of XML, traditional approaches to EDI, such as EDIFACT and ANSI X.12, still play an overwhelmingly dominant role. However, such traditional EDI standards lack a notion of process. In other words, the exchanged business documents are typically not embedded in the context of other exchanged business documents. This has two shortcomings: (1) the inability to apply proven business process management (BPM) methods, including process mining techniques, in such settings; and (2) the unavailability of systematic approaches to business intelligence (BI) using information from exchanged EDI messages. In this article, we present the EDImine Framework for enabling (1) the application of process mining techniques in the field of EDI-supported inter-organizational business processes, and (2) for supporting inter-organizational performance evaluation using business information from EDI messages, event logs and process models. As an enabling technology, we present a method for the semantic preprocessing of EDIFACT messages to exploit this potentially rich source of information by applying state of the art BPM and BI techniques. We show the applicability of our approach by means of a case study based on real-world EDI data of a German consumer goods manufacturing company.

Wykorzystanie elektronicznej wymiany danych w wybranych przedsiębiorstwach

IT systems that use electronic data interchange standards significantly contribute to the development of companies. This is due to the possibility for increasing the efficiency of data processing, which in today's economic relations is the key to the smooth functioning of the market. The examples of companies that use EDI systems testify to the fact that the progressive computerization is a prerequisite for harmonious action, and more and more advanced solutions are highly convenient in terms of corporate governance generally understood.

EDI (Electronic Data Interchange) for Libraries, Publishers, and Agents: The Reality Show—SUSHI, ONIX and ?

ABSTRACT This presentation described the history and ongoing development of EDI (Electronic Data Interchange) for libraries, agents, and publishers. The focus was on the newer international initiatives and developments, such as SUSHI (Standard Usage Statistical Harvesting Initiative), which can supply data directly to library Electronic Resource Management (ERM) systems. While the full promise of accurate machine-to-machine interchanges, which can enter data into our respective systems within seconds, is yet to be achieved, there is much work under way to develop and improve EDI protocols and standards.

Factors affecting the implementation of electronic data interchange in Korea

Although there have been a number of studies of the determinant factors of Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) implementation, most studies were carried out in the United States or Europe. The purpose of this study is to identify the determinant factors which affect implementation of EDI systems by Korean companies. Decentralization, EDI standards, technical compatibility, technical support by EDI vendors, education and training and participation of trading partners positively affect the extent of EDI usage. Formalization, technical compatibility, user involvement and participation of trading partners affect EDI integration with internal applications. Top management support and the participation of trading partners promote the extent of EDI operations. This study provides evidence of the effect of important determinant factors such as participation of trading partners and technical compatibility replicating previous EDI studies conducted in that US and Europe. For policy makers ad EDI developers, this study provides insights as to appropriate measures and incentives system designed to encourage EDI and B2B implementation.

Success factors for domestic and international electronic data interchange (EDI) implementation for US firms

To harness the full potential of electronic data interchange (EDI), a considerable amount of attention needs to be paid to its implementation. This research examines factors that are critical for American companies in implementing EDI in the US and internationally. Data from 56 firms serves as a basis of the findings reported here. For EDI within the US, the selection of EDI standards, relationships with trading partners, support and commitment of top management, the availability of value-added networks (VANs), and security and audit controls are identified as key factors in achieving success. However for success in international EDI, availability of a mature and reliable telecommunications infrastructure, access to international VANs, “friendliness” of laws governing global trade, and security in electronic data transmission are found critical.

Building Electronic Trading Infrastructures: A Public or Private Responsibility?

In this article we analyze the creation of electronic trading infrastructures using electronic data interchange standards and associated technologies. We compare the genesis and evolution of such infrastructures in Denmark, Finland, and Hong Kong. This article analyzes 8 specific attempts to build trading infrastructures in these 3 countries. The article probes how these initiatives support the building efforts by analyzing them with a 2-D framework. The framework distinguishes between the strategic intent of the initiative and the type of initiator. In each case, the dynamics of the initiative and its success are examined. The analysis shows that the building of trading infrastructures can take place through multiple paths-called patterns in this study-and it can be pulled or pushed by multiple forces. As a result, this article draws conclusions on how each pattern can help in building the infrastructure. The analysis demonstrates that the trading infrastructure in Hong Kong has largely emerged through grassroot bricolage. In Finland and Denmark, in contrast, public institutions or state-owned monopolies have played a critical role. On a theoretical level, this study calls for the need to expand the scope of analysis beyond individual adopting organizations when analyzing electronic trading infrastructures, and shows that there is also a need to probe industries and public institutions when studying electronic infrastructure development.

Law Concerns Privacy, Transfer of Patient Data

Law Concerns Privacy, Transfer of Patient Data

Libraries in the South Caucasus

The social and economic changes in Georgia, Armenia and Azerbaijan since the breakup of the Soviet Union have caused great upheaval in libraries there. Libraries are currently undergoing wide-ranging reforms intended to make their collections more accessible and integrate themselves into the global information network. The Association of Information Specialists, the Georgian librarians' association, has begun a new program for continuing professional education for librarians from the three countries and organized annual regional librarians' conferences. The South Caucasian libraries are also automating, elaborating new national cataloging rules and agreeing on standards for electronic data interchange.

Binary trading relations and the limits of EDI standards: the Procrustean bed of standards

This paper provides a critical examination of electronic data interchange (EDI) standards and their application in different types of trading relationships. It argues that EDI standards are not directly comparable to more stable sets of technical standards in that they are dynamically tested and negotiated in use with each trading exchange. It takes the position that EDI standards are an emergent language form and must mean different things at the institutional and local levels. Using the lens of emergent linguistic analysis it shows how the institutional and local levels must always be distinct and yet can coexist. EDI standards can never represent the creation of an ‘Esperanto of institutional communication’. Instead we believe that standards must be developed such that they support and accommodate general basic grammatical forms that can be customised to individual needs. The analysis is supported by a set of exemplary cases.

EDI between libraries and their suppliers: requirements and first experiences based on the EDILIBE project

The EDILIBE Project – Electronic Data Interchange for Libraries and Booksellers in Europe involved libraries and booksellers in Germany, Spain, the Netherlands, Italy and the UK. It was a project funded by the European Union as part of the European Libraries Programme and ran from April 1993 to December 1995. This paper discusses the current role of an acquisitions librarian and outlines the ways in which electronic data interchange (EDI) can be used to assist in the management of acquisitions infor mation. Practical experiences gained in implementing EDI standards and developing suitable software during the EDILIBE project are described.

A new clinical laboratory information system architecture from the OpenLabs project offering advanced services for laboratory staff and users

The OpenLabs project aims to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of clinical laboratory services by integrating decision support systems with laboratory information systems and equipment. Standards for electronic data interchange between laboratories and other medical systems using the EUCLIDES/OpenLabs coding scheme and an open architecture for clinical laboratory information systems have been specified. This article gives an account of the proposed architecture and outlines new software applications being developed using the architecture which provide advanced services for ordering and reporting of laboratory tests, advanced instrument workstation and laboratory management services, including an OpenLabs Service Manager application which co-ordinates the available services.

EDI's role as an enabler for electronic commerce and information integration

Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) is a form of electronic communication designed to permit trading partners (customers and suppliers), in two or more organizations, to exchange business transaction data in electronic, structured formats. Unique to EDI, the electronic transmission of the transaction information can be processed directly by the applications within the receiving computer systems. The transmission of data in machine readable form eliminates the need for manual intervention in the data entry or data manipulation process. EDI is a tool for the electronic transmission and integration of information interorganizationally. A growing number of leading edge engineering and construction companies from around the world are implementing EDI applications to improve operational efficiency, enhance information quality, and achieve reductions in processing time of project critical information. EDI facilitates electronic commerce and is particularly useful in international construction endeavours. This paper provides an overview of EDI, discusses EDI applications in engineering and construction (E & C), outlines the status of international EDI standards development as it relates specifically to the E & C industry, and summarizes corporate benefits commonly attributable to EDI implementation.

The dynamics of edi standards development

This paper explores the development of standards for electronic data interchange (EDI), which are needed to allow the inter-organizational exchange of structured information between computer system. It focuses on the EDIFACT message development process which began informally as a mechanism for developing international standards for EDI. Since its inception, the rapidly growing scope of the process—in terms of the numbers of message being developed., geography and range of industrial sectors—has forced the process to become increasingly formalized. As the process has widened outside Europe, it has become necessary for it to accommodate a wider range og business practices and reconcile the competing objectives of user groups. For many user groups, the focus of their interest in message develpment has moved from the development of EDIFACT standard message to agreement on the use of subsets of these message. A particular issue has been teh moves in the US to align the national EDI standard ANSI X12 with EDIFA...

The pragmatics of electronic data interchange: The use of EDI will unify business procedures

Electronic data interchange (EDI) is more than just the exchange of data. Each exchange has a purpose — to let the receiving organization act upon the message received. As in any communication it is a problem to assure that the sender's intentions are understood by the receiver and thus that the receiver's actions are conditioned by these intentions. The difference is that since the receiver of an EDI message is a program, these intentions must be anticipated to be programmed. Historically, each organization's procedures and applications have developed according to the needs of the particular business. This has led to large variations, even within the same industry. Human filters have traditionally been applied as interfaces between these applications. As a necessary prerequisite, EDI standards have been created to accommodate this variety and practically any variation of any message can be created. The problem arises when the parties want to automate the procedures connected with the exchanged messages. They must either extend their own applications in order to accommodate this variety or, as part of the exchange agreement, reduce the variations to those that can be dealt with and thereby standardize their way of doing business. Even for large organizations, the first choice is economically infeasible and the basic question is: who decides how to standardize? It is concluded that the present state of EDI, with hubs as the deciding parties and spokes doing what they must do to stay in business, has been inevitable and will continue in future. This is in contrast to the view of EDI as a universal infrastructure.

Electronic Data Interchange

Electronic data interchange(EDI) has become an important enabling technologyfor the creation ofa globalbusinessenvironment.It is also raisingissuesfor globalstandardspolicy. This articletraces the evolution ofEDI standards in the United States and in the Euro­ peanCommunity.It illustratesthefundamentallydiffer­ ent perspectiveson standardspolicy by contrasting the approachto EDlstandardsdevelopmenteach has taken.. EDI standardsdevelopmentin the UnitedStates, consistent w~th th~ ~~~;an prefere,~ce for r:zarket-based, pluralistPOlley is bottom-up, reflecting a competitive policy per, 'pective. In contrast, the EDI standards development process in the European Community, wherestandardsare viewedas a vehicle for unification is a top-down; exhibiting a cooperative poliey per­ spective. Given the differences in approach, compro­ mise is required on both sides if the global harmoniza­ tion ofEDI standards is to be achieved.

Electronic data interchange in an industrial sector: The case of The Netherlands' building industry

Strategies for development and implementation of standards for electronic data interchange in an entire industry are investigated, using the Netherlands' building industry as a vehicle. The problem is tackled by analysis of the present situation and structuring and analysis of strategies for innovation, standardization options, and strategies for achieving standardization. It is concluded that a balanced combination of approaches is needed, including development of process and product description standards at the semantic and classification level, coordination of research and development, education, and stimulation of leading parties as an instrument of change. Rather than a completed set of standards, the major results of a three-year research program include an increased awareness of the relevance of EDI standardization in the industry, and partial process and data models that may provide the basis for standardization in the future.

Legal aspects of electronic data interchange standardisation: The boundaries and effects of standardisation and network use

Abstract Work on, and use of standards for electronic data interchange (EDI) has become an important aspect in the development of information technology. This article elaborates on two implications of EDI standardisation. First, it considers to what extent the boundaries of standardisation are determined by legal mechanisms. Second, it sets some first steps towards a better understanding of how the use of EDI standards affects and challenges fundamental legal concepts.

B + B (BEDIS and BLCMP)

BLCMP (Library Services) Ltd. have been closely involved with the development of standards for the book trade since the initial formation of the Book Trade Electronic Data Interchange Standards (BEDIS) Committee in 1986. In particular, BLCMP have played a major role in the formation and promotion of standard formats for commercial messages, including orders, order acknowledgments, invoices and delivery notes.

BABEL II‐ An account of the second conference on data standards for electronic data interchange in the book world

The second BABEL conference provided the opportunity for the five working parties of BEDIS to present their draft reports and recommendations. The five areas covered by the working parties were: publisher's bibliographic databases; a standard short title record; commercial messages (e.g. orders); sales data statistics; and standard address numbers. To readers of VINE with automated systems, the area of most interest will be commercial messages, and indeed it is in this area that the most progress has been made. For this reason, an account of the sessions concerned with commercial messages is given first, followed by a summary of the other sessions.