Standardized Regression Research Articles

Uncertainty quantification and sensitivity analysis of energy consumption in substation buildings at the planning stage

ABSTRACT This study is the first to conduct a global sensitivity analysis to identify the crucial variables that have an impact on the energy consumption of substations. The peak cooling and heating energy consumption, as well as the annual cooling and heating energy consumption of a substation in Shandong, are all simulated basing the Monte Carlo method. The simulation outputs are discussed by uncertainty analysis to obtain more accurate energy consumption thresholds. Subsequently, the treed Gaussian process and the standardized rank regression coefficient are used to perform a global sensitivity analysis of the simulation outputs. The results of the two global sensitivity analyses are practically the same, demonstrating that robustness can be ensured by simultaneously using two methods based on different theories. In addition, this study provides an efficient method for the energy-saving retrofitting of the existing substation and the energy-saving design of green substations in the future.

Analysis of Energy Dissipation on the Sealing Surface of Premium Connection Based on a Microslip Shear Layer Model

In high production gas wells, premium connections are subject to alternating loads and vibration excitation due to the change of fluid pressure exerted on the tubing string. The energy dissipation on the sealing surface of premium connections affects the sealing performance of premium connections. The present study proposes a new energy dissipation analysis method for the sealing performance of premium connections using a microslip shear layer mode, a novel technique to overcome and improve the limitations of existing analysis method of premium connections. In this paper, based on a microslip shear layer model, a vibration equilibrium equation of premium connection was established with the constraints of the taper of the sealing surface, the thread, and the torque shoulder. Then, the control equilibrium equations of the stick and microslip were derived, and the critical microslip tangential force and force–displacement hysteresis curves under different interface parameters were obtained by solving the equilibrium equations. The influence of different interface parameters on the energy dissipation of premium connection was discussed by using a standardized regression coefficient method. It was found that the friction coefficient influenced both the minimum and maximum microslip tangential forces, while the shear layer stiffness influenced only the minimum microslip tangential force. The greater the stiffness of the shear layer, the smaller the minimum microslip tangential force and the relative displacement of the contact surface, which made it easier to generate energy dissipation. The influence of the friction coefficient on energy dissipation was much greater than the stiffness of the shear layer. There was positive correlation between the friction coefficient and energy dissipation. While, there was a negative correlation between the stiffness of shear layer and energy dissipation. The results can provide a theoretical guide for micro sealing failure mechanism of premium connections under dynamic loads and expand the analysis method of metal seals.

Midline growth of the sphenoid bone in primates: A histological and microcomputed tomography study

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of the present study is to broaden our knowledge of the ontogeny of cranial base cartilaginous joints in primates.Materials and MethodsA cross‐sectional age sample of 66 specimens from four platyrrhine and three strepsirrhine genera were studied using microcomputed tomography, histology, and immunohistochemistry. Specimens were segmented, reconstructed, and measured using Amira software. Ontogenetic scaling of palatal, presphenoid, and basisphenoid length relative to cranial length was examined using standardized major axis regression. After histological sectioning, selected specimens were examined using immunohistochemistry of antibodies to proliferating cell nuclear antigen.ResultsOur results support the hypothesis that the presphenoid in platyrrhines grows more rapidly compared with strepsirrhines, but this study establishes that most or all of this growth discrepancy occurs prenatally, and mostly at the presphenoseptal synchondrosis (PSept). All species have prolonged patency (here meaning absence of any bony bridging across the synchondrosis) of the intrasphenoidal and spheno‐occipital synchondroses (ISS). However, immunohistochemical results suggest growth is only rapid throughout infancy, and mitotic activity is slowing during juvenile ages. The same is indicated for the PSept.DiscussionThese results demonstrate that platyrrhines and strepsirrhines do not follow the pattern of early fusion of ISS seen in humans. In addition, these primates have a more prolonged patency and growth at PSept compared with humans. Finally, results reveal that in bushbabies and tamarins, as in humans, synchondroses remain cartilaginous for a prolonged period after chondrocyte proliferation has slowed or ceased. In light of these results, it is time to reassess related processes, such as differences in timing of brain expansion.

Association Between the Number of Remaining Teeth and Body Mass Index in Japanese Inpatients with Schizophrenia.

There is little evidence regarding the effects of dental status on body mass index (BMI) in inpatients with schizophrenia. Thus, we performed a cross-sectional study to explore the associations between the number of remaining teeth and BMI in Japanese inpatients with schizophrenia. We performed multiple regression analysis to assess the effects of potential predictors (age, sex, number of remaining teeth, number of antipsychotics prescribed, chlorpromazine equivalent dose, and antipsychotic type) on BMI in 212 inpatients with schizophrenia. We then compared the number of remaining teeth between inpatients with schizophrenia and the Japanese general population (3283 individuals) from the Japan Dental Diseases Survey 2016, using an analysis of covariance with age and sex as covariates. Multiple regression analysis showed that the number of remaining teeth and the number of antipsychotics prescribed were significantly correlated with BMI (standardized regression coefficient = 0.201 and 0.235, respectively). In the analysis of covariance, inpatients with schizophrenia had significantly fewer remaining teeth compared with the Japanese general population (mean 14.8 [standard deviation: 10.9] vs mean 23.0 [standard deviation: 8.1]). These results suggested that tooth loss and antipsychotic polypharmacy affect BMI in inpatients with schizophrenia, and that inpatients with schizophrenia lose more teeth compared with the general population.

Long-Term Adiposity and Midlife Carotid Intima-Media Thickness Are Linked Partly Through Intermediate Risk Factors.

This study aims to determine quantitatively the mediation effects of multiple cardiovascular risk factors on the associations of childhood body mass index (BMI) and its cumulative burden with adult carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT). The longitudinal cohort consisted of 1391 adults who had been examined for BMI 4-15 times over 35.0 years on average since childhood and had data on adult cIMT, systolic blood pressure, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, atherogenic index of plasma, and serum glucose. The area under the curve was used as a measure of cumulative burden of BMI. After adjusting for covariates, the total effects (standardized regression coefficient) of childhood BMI (0.138), adult BMI (0.111), and area under the curve of BMI (0.150) on cIMT were all significant (P<0.001) without mediators included in the model. The mediation effects of adult systolic blood pressure, glucose, atherogenic index of plasma and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol were 8.0%, 4.3%, 3.6%, and 0.0%, respectively, in the model with childhood BMI as the predictor, 23.4%, 15.3%, 12.6%, and 7.2%, respectively, with adult BMI as the predictor, and 14.7%, 8.7%, 6.0%, and 2.0%, respectively, with area under the curve of BMI as the predictor. The direct effects on cIMT were 0.117 (P<0.001) for childhood BMI, 0.046 (P=0.224) for adult BMI, and 0.103 (P<0.001) for area under the curve of BMI after removing the mediation effects. The long-term deleterious impact of adiposity on subclinical changes in vascular structure begins early in life and is accumulated over lifetime. Excess adiposity and higher cIMT are linked partly through other cardiovascular risk factors in later life, especially elevated blood pressure and glucose.

Developing a Story Writing Attitude Scale for Secondary School Students

The aim of this study is to develop a measurement tool to measure the attitude towards story writing. Validity and reliability studies of the scale, applied to 243 secondary school students, were carried out with exploratory factor analysis, measurement of internal consistency and confirmatory factor analysis. EFA revealed that the scale had three dimensions as planned in the original. Cronbach Alpha internal consistency coefficient was calculated as 0.95 in order to determine the reliability of the scale. Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) coefficient was found as 0.94 in principal component analysis. In addition, the Barlett Sphericity test was significant (χ2 = 3529,500; p&lt;0,01). Factor loads as a result of varimax rotation varies between 0.43 and 0.80. In CFA, it was stated that the standardized regression coefficients varied between 0.51 and 0.81, and that the items in each dimension had a significant predictive power. As a result of the analysis, a valid and reliable scale was obtained. In addition, the attitudes of 243 secondary school students towards story writing were investigated. As a result of the data, it was observed that students had a positive attitude towards story writing.

Changes in the physical fitness of elderly people in the COVID-19 pandemic: An examination using performance tests

This study aimed to ascertain the physical-fitness trends among community-dwelling older adults using performance testing. The results of the evaluation conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic were compared to data from the pre-pandemic period. A total of 240 community-dwelling older adults who participated in a health checkup program from 2016-2020 underwent the following tests: grip strength (upper limb muscle), single-leg balance with eyes open (static balance), sit-and-reach test (flexibility), timed up-and-go test (TUG, functional mobility), 5 meter habitual walk (walking ability), and hand working with pegboard (hand dexterity). Linear mixed effect models were applied to the hierarchical dataset: repeated data (Level 1), pre-pandemic (2016-2019), pandemic (2019-2020) (Level 2), and individuals (Level 3). Fixed effects and interactions were estimated for the survey year (Level 1), and between the survey year and pre- and post-pandemic (Level 2), with the range of decline set measured in terms of its standardized partial regression coefficient, "B," from 2019-2020. The items for which significant cross-level interactions were identified. In males, the following items showed significant cross-level interactions: sit and reach test (B=-2.56, 95% CI: -4.45--0.66 cm), TUG (+0.39, 0.21-0.56 sec) and 5 meter habitual walk (+0.15, 0.04-0.27 sec). In females items except single-leg balance with eyes open showed significant cross-level interactions: grip strength (-0.58, -1.11--0.05 kg), sit-and-reach test (-3.53, -5.11--1.95 cm), TUG (+0.15, 0.03-0.27 sec), for 5 meter habitual walk (+0.14, 0.04-0.24 sec), and hand working with pegboard (+0.89, 0.28-1.51 sec). In both males and females, a significant deterioration in flexibility and mobility movement ability was observed in 2019-2020. In addition, upper limb muscle strength and hand dexterity movement deteriorated in females.

The association between sleep duration and detailed measures of obesity: A cross sectional analysis in the ADDITION-PRO study.

Sleep duration is associated with BMI and waist circumference. However, less is known about whether sleep duration affects different measurements of obesity differently. To investigate the association between sleep duration and different measures of obesity. In this cross-sectional analysis 1309, Danish, older adults (55% men) completed at least 3days of wearing a combined accelerometer and heart rate-monitor for assessing sleep duration (hours/night) within self-reported usual bedtime. Participants underwent anthropometry and ultrasonography to assess BMI, waist circumference, visceral fat, subcutaneous fat, and fat percentage. Linear regression analyses examined the associations between sleep duration and obesity-related outcomes. Sleep duration was inversely associated with all obesity-related outcomes, except visceral-/subcutaneous-fat-ratio. After multivariate adjustment the magnitude of associations became stronger and statistically significant for all outcomes except visceral-/subcutaneous-fat-ratio, and subcutaneous fat in women. The associations with BMI and waist circumference demonstrated the strongest associations, when comparing standardized regression coefficients. Shorter sleep duration were associated with higher obesity across all outcomes except visceral-/subcutaneous-fat-ratio. No specifically salient associations with local or central obesity were observed. Results suggest that poor sleep duration and obesity correlate, however, further research is needed to conclude on beneficial effects of sleep duration regarding health and weight loss.

The longitudinal effects of education on depression: Finding from the Indonesian national survey.

A thorough and continuous investigation of the association between education and depression in Southeast Asia is critical, particularly in Indonesia, where depression is highly prevalent. Despite this, studies on education and depression mainly use a cross-sectional design alone, which cannot control the bidirectionality of the relationship. Therefore, this study investigated the longitudinal effects of education on depression symptoms, based on nationally representative survey data. This study used as its basis a longitudinal socioeconomic and health survey in Indonesia, the Indonesia Family Life Survey (IFLS). The survey collected data through face-to-face interviews with individual respondents and their families. The fourth and fifth waves of IFLS datasets were used in the analysis. A total number of 18,374 adult participants were included in the dataset. Depression symptoms were assessed based on a 10-item version of the CES-D (Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression) Scale. Education level was the highest level of education attained by the participants. A cross-lagged longitudinal model was tested using structural equation modeling (SEM) or analysis of covariance structure. The results showed that the model of education and depression fits the data well. The fit indices of the model, χ2 (1, N = 18,374) = 21.592, p = 0.001, RMSEA = 0.033, CFI =. 0999, fulfilled the requirements for a good fit. Meanwhile, further analysis of the cross-lagged model revealed that education predicted depression and not the other way around. The standardized regression weights showed that higher education attainment reduces the risk of depression later in life. This study asserts that educational attainment has longitudinal effects on depression. Therefore, expanding the policies surrounding educational opportunity may prevent the onset of depression. This is important, especially in the Indonesian context, where the prevalence of depression among adults is higher than the global average. Access to further education deserves continued consideration in research and policy discussions on mental health and educational system development.

Assessment of Passenger Satisfaction with Intra-City Public Bus Transport Services in Abuja, Nigeria

The aim of this study was to investigate passenger satisfaction with the service quality attributes of public bus transport services in Abuja, Nigeria. To achieve this, a survey was conducted between February and July 2011. In 10 sample bus stop areas selected for this study, 300 public bus transport users were randomly selected to elicit their overall satisfaction and factors that influenced their satisfaction in the use of public bus transport services in Abuja using a self-rated questionnaire. Data obtained were analyzed using descriptive statistics, correlation, and principal component and regression analyses. The results of these analyses showed that passengers were not satisfied with the public bus transport services in Abuja. Using Principal Component Analysis (PCA), four underlying factors were extracted that influenced passenger satisfaction with public bus transport services in the city. The four components together explained 83.87 percent of the cumulative variance of PCA, leaving 16.32 percent of the total variance unexplained. The standardized regression coefficients further showed that comfort has the greatest impact on overall satisfaction, followed by accessibility. Adequacy and bus stop facilities were the third and fourth factors in the order of relative importance in influencing passenger satisfaction of public bus transport services in the city. On the basis of the findings, recommendations were made to improve public bus transport services in the city of Abuja.

Evaluation of patients' satisfaction with bronchoscopy procedure.

The bronchoscopy (BS) experience provokes anxiety amongst some patients. It can have a negative impact on the course of the procedure and on the willingness of patients to undergo the next BS in the future. We aimed to identify factors influencing patients' satisfaction with BS. The prospective study had been conducted between January and June 2019. It included patients hospitalized in our Department, who underwent elective BS. Patients assessed their anxiety and satisfaction level before and after BS using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Data concerning the course of the bronchoscopy was collected. The median level of anxiety prior to the procedure was moderate, higher in women (p<0.0001). The majority of patients (116/125, 93%) were satisfied with appropriate information before the procedure. Almost one-third of the interviewees (39/125, 31%) declared complete satisfaction (VAS = 0) with their procedure, 17 patients (14%) were dissatisfied (VAS >5/10). Overall 113 (90%) patients declared unconditional consent for future bronchoscopy. Multivariate linear regression analysis revealed two factors affecting patients' satisfaction with bronchoscopy: anxiety prior to BS (standardized regression coefficient β = 0.264, p = 0.003) and discomfort (β = 0.205, p = 0.018). Neither age, degree of amnesia, duration of the procedure nor its type added any significant value as factors affecting patient satisfaction. The most common factors inducing patients' discomfort during BS were local anesthesia of the throat (56/125, 45%) and cough (47/125, 38%). Low anxiety level before bronchoscopy and reduced discomfort during the procedure are associated with better patient satisfaction. Thus, it is important to reduce patient anxiety and discomfort during the procedure.

Associations of urinary orosomucoid, N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase, and albumin with blood pressure and hypertension after 7 years. The Tromsø Study

Purpose: Subclinical chronic kidney disease is known to exacerbate hypertension and progression of kidney damage. In order to initiate timely interventions, early biomarkers for this vicious circle are needed. Our aim was to describe the cross-sectional associations of urinary orosomucoid and urinary N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) with blood pressure and the longitudinal associations of urinary orosomucoid and NAG to hypertension after 7 years, and to compare the strength of these associations to the urinary albumin excretion (UAE). Material and methods: The Tromsø Study is a population-based, prospective study of inhabitants of the municipality of Tromsø, Northern Norway. Morning spot urine samples were collected on three consecutive days in the Tromsø 6 survey (2007–2008). We assessed the cross-sectional associations of urinary orosomucoid, NAG and UAE with blood pressure in Tromsø 6. In a cohort of participants attending Tromsø 6 and Tromsø 7 (2015–2016), we studied whether urinary biomarkers were longitudinally associated with hypertension. Results: A total of 7197 participants with a mean age of 63.5 years (SD 9.2), and a mean blood pressure of 141/78 mmHg (SD 23.0/10.6), were included in the study. Orosomucoid and UAE, but not NAG, was significantly associated with systolic and diastolic blood pressure in all the crude and multivariable cross-sectional analyses. Orosomucoid had consistently, although marginally, stronger associations with blood pressure. Incident hypertension at follow-up (Tromsø 7) was consistently significantly associated with urinary orosomucoid, but not urinary NAG or UAE. However, the standardized regression coefficients for orosomucoid were only marginally stronger than the standardized regression coefficients for ACR. Conclusion: In a cohort from the general population urine orosomucoid had a stronger cross-sectional association with blood pressure than UAE. After 7 years, urine orosomucoid showed the strongest association with incident hypertension. There were varying and weak associations between U-NAG, blood pressure and hypertension.

The A Priori Procedure (APP) for estimating regression coefficients in linear models

Regression coefficients are crucial in the sciences, as researchers use them to determine which independent variables best explain the dependent variable. However, researchers obtain regression coefficients from data samples and wish to generalize to populations; without reason to believe that sample regression coefficients are good estimates of corresponding population regression coefficients, their usefulness would be curtailed. In turn, larger sample sizes provide better estimates than do smaller ones. There is much recent literature on the a priori procedure (APP) that was designed for the general purpose of determining the sample sizes needed to obtain sample statistics that are good estimates of corresponding population parameters. We provide an extension of the APP to regression coefficients, which works for standardized or unstandardized regression coefficients. A simulation study and real data example support the mathematical derivations. Also, we include a free and user-friendly computer program to aid researchers in making the calculations.

Impact of Covid-19 on changes in stock prices and the volume of transactions In BUMN (lQ45)

The problems in this study are the decrease in the share price and the increase in the volume of stock transactions in BUMN listed in LQ45 as well as the number of positive confirmed cases of fluctuating COVID-19 affected by the spread of COVID-19 which is increasingly widespread, causing a higher level of panic in the capital market. This research uses quantitative research methods with comparative and associative research types. This data collection is by observation and documentation with a span of 60 days. Based on the results of the paired t-test, it shows that the comparison between the share price before and after the national announcement of COVID-19 cases in Indonesia has a value (sig.) of 0.000 &amp;lt; 0.05. Based on the results of the wilcoxon signed rank test, it shows that the comparison between the volume of transactions before and after the national announcement of COVID-19 cases in Indonesia has a value (sig.) of 0.000 &amp;lt; 0.05. Based on the results of the Regression Weights in path analysis, it shows that the Stock Price variable has a standardized Regression Weights value of -0.438, and the transaction volume variable has a value of 0.650. So it can be concluded that there is a significant difference between the share price and volume in BUMN registered in LQ45 before and after the national announcement of COVID-19 cases in Indonesia, and there is a significant influence between the number of positive confirmed cases of COVID-19 on the share price and the volume of transactions in BUMN registered in LQ45 during the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia.

Intraocular Amphiregulin antibody and axial elongation in nonhuman primates.

To examine the effect of intraocularly applied amphiregulin antibody on physiological axial elongation in young nonhuman primates. The experimental study included six male 12-months-old macaque nonhuman primates (body weight:2.46 ± 0.25kg;range:2.20-2.90kg). In the experimental group (n=3 animals), three intravitreal injections of amphiregulin antibody (100μg/50μl) were applied to the left eyes at intervals of 4-6 weeks, and injections of phosphate buffered solution (50μl) were applied to the right eyes. Three other animals were assigned to a blank control group. During the study period of 23.6 weeks, axial length in the experimental group did not change in the left eyes (18.91 ± 0.37mm to 18.94 ± 0.67mm;P=0.90), while it linearly increased in the right eyes (18.87 ± 0.38mm to 19.24 ± 0.53mm;P=0.056) and in the control group (left eyes:19.15 ± 0.22mm to 19.48 ± 0.22mm;P=0.009; right eyes:19.17 ± 0.15 mm to 19.46 ± 0.23 mm;P=0.024). The interocular difference in axial elongation increased in the experimental group from -0.11 ± 0.12mm at 4 weeks after baseline to -0.34 ± 0.15mm at the study end, while in the control group, the interocular side difference did not change significantly (from 0.01 ± 0.10 mm to 0.03 ± 0.08 mm;P=0.38). The difference in the interocular difference in axial elongation between the two groups was significant at 8 weeks (P=0.01), 15 weeks (P=0.007), and at study end (P=0.02). The interocular difference in axial length correlated with the interocular difference in vitreous cavity length (standardized regression coefficient beta:0.85;P<0.001). The interocular axial length difference was inversely associated with the interocular refractive error difference (beta:-0.49;P<0.001). Intraocularly applied amphiregulin antibody (100μg) reduced the physiological ocular axial elongation in juvenile nonhuman primates.

Analysis of input parameters for deep learning-based load prediction for office buildings in different climate zones using eXplainable Artificial Intelligence

Simplification of input variables can increase the applicability of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in building load prediction. The most essential inputs for AI therefore need to be identified via a significance level test. In this study, the significance of the input parameters was evaluated using the standardized regression coefficient (SRC) and Explainable AI methods, i.e., Local Interpretable Model-agnostic Explanations (LIME) and SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP). To consider various types of office buildings operating under different climates, the constraints of the U.S. Department of Energy reference buildings with the Latin hypercube sampling were used to generate two thousand building models for each of five climate zones classified by the Köppen and Geiger system. The number and types of essential inputs for deep learning-based building load prediction were identified based on SRC, LIME, and SHAP. By comparison, the SHAP method gave the smallest number of essential inputs for accurate load prediction. In addition, the types of essential inputs varied with different climates. This study presented the potential elimination of weather sensors with time variables depending on the climate conditions. It would help building practitioners and non-experts to determine the essential inputs to build up a simple but accurate deep learning-based building system.

Visual performance of painting colors based on psychological factors.

Humans have been exploring colors since ancient times, but relatively complete color systems appeared one after another in the twentieth century. Even without language and other information exchanges, colors can still convey information and stimulate emotions. Therefore, color can have both physical and psychological effects on people. In this context, this paper studies the visual representation of painting colors based on psychological factors. The article studies the theory of personality traits and introduces the related content of visual psychology. To explore the relationship between each variable and color psychology and the visual representation of painting colors, a binary logistic regression analysis is performed. The colors in the post-impressionist paintings of Van Gogh and Gauguin is contrasted, and experiments on psychological factors and color research is conducted. The factors that affect the color tone of the picture and the influence of psychological factors on the judgment of color brightness are investigated. Finally, the correlation analysis of personality trait dimension and irrational behavior is carried out. The experimental results of the article show that after the analysis of variance, the significance levels of regression model 1 and model 2 both reach 0.000, and the adjusted R squares are 0.319 and 0.356, respectively. In this study, regression model 2 was selected as the final model. According to Model 2, the standardized regression coefficients of agreeableness and neuroticism are 0.438 and -0.251, respectively, and the significance of the regression coefficients are 0.000 and 0.021, respectively. The research on the visual performance of painting colors based on psychological factors has been well completed.

Reduction Capacity and Factors Affecting Slip Reduction Using Cortical Bone Trajectory Technique in Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion for Degenerative Spondylolisthesis.

Vertebral slip reduction has been recommended in arthrodesis for lumbar degenerative spondylolisthesis (LDS) to achieve balanced spinal alignment and bone fusion. However, what determines the degree of slip reduction using cortical bone trajectory technique for lumbar pedicle screw insertion is yet to be determined. Thus, in this study, we aim to investigate the slip reduction capacity using cortical bone trajectory (CBT) technique and to identify factors affecting the slip reduction rate. This is a retrospective radiological evaluation of prospectively collected patients. In total, 49 consecutive patients who underwent single-level transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion for LDS using the CBT technique were included (mean follow-up: 28.9 months). Firstly, radiological parameters of fused segment including the percentage of anterior vertebral slip (%slip), lordotic angle, and disk height were measured. Then, patient and procedure-related parameters were examined to determine factors related to the slip reduction rate using multiple regression analysis. The %slip was reduced from 15.0±4.8 to 1.6±2.3% immediately after surgery and 2.2±2.9% at the last follow-up (p<0.01), with a slip reduction rate of 87.5±15.7% and correction loss of 0.6±2.1%. As per multivariate regression analysis, it was found that preoperative %slip (standardized regression coefficient [β]=-0.55, p=0.003) and the depth of screw insertion in the caudal vertebra (β=0.38, p=0.03) were significant independent factors affecting slip reduction rate (adjusted R2=0.29, p=0.008). To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to investigate the capacity for and factors affecting slip reduction using the CBT technique for LDS. The CBT technique may be a useful option for achieving slip reduction, and the depth of screw insertion in the caudal vertebra was identified as a significant technical factor to obtain a more significant reduction of slipped vertebra.

Influence of psychiatric co-morbidity on health-related quality of life among major trauma patients.

The purpose of this study was to compare 1-year post-discharge health-related quality of life (HRQL) between trauma patients with and without psychiatric co-comorbidity. A retrospective single-center cohort study identified all severely injured adult trauma patients admitted to a Level 1 trauma center between 2018 and 2019. Bivariate analysis compared patients with and without psychiatric co-morbidity, which was defined as prior diagnosis by a healthcare provider or acute psychiatric consultation for new or chronic mental illness. HRQL metrics included the EuroQol-5D-5L (EQ-5D) questionnaire, visual analogue scale (EQ-VAS), and overall index score. A multiple linear regression model was utilized to identify predictors of EQ-5D index scores. Analysis of baseline characteristics revealed significantly greater rates of substance abuse, severe extremity injuries, inpatient morbidity, and hospital length-of-stay among patients with psychiatric illness. At 1-year follow-up, patients with psychiatric co-morbidity had lower median EQ-5D index scores compared to the control group (0.71, interquartile range [IQR] 0.32 vs. 0.79, IQR 0.22, p = 0.03). There were no differences between groups in individual EQ-5D dimensions, nor in EQ-VAS scores. Presence of psychiatric co-morbidity was not found to independently predict EQ-5D index scores in the linear regression model. Instead, Injury Severity Score (standardized regression coefficient [SRC] - 0.15, 95% confidence interval [CI] - 0.010 to - 0.001) and American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status score (SRC - 0.13, 95% CI - 0.08 to - 0.004) predicted poor HRQL 1-year after injury. Psychiatric co-morbidity does not independently predict low HRQL 1year after injury. Instead, lower HRQL scores among patients with psychiatric co-morbidity appear to be mediated by baseline health status and injury severity.

Structure-function association between contrast sensitivity and retinal thickness (total, regional, and individual retinal layer) in patients with idiopathic epiretinal membrane.

To investigate structure-function associations between retinal thickness, visual acuity (VA), and contrast sensitivity (CS), using the quantitative contrast sensitivity function (qCSF) method in patients with idiopathic epiretinal membrane (ERM). Retrospective, cross-sectional observational study. Patients with a diagnosis of idiopathic ERM were included. Patients underwent complete ophthalmic examination, spectral-domain optical coherence tomography imaging (SD-OCT) (SPECTRALIS® Heidelberg), and CS testing using the qCSF method. Outcomes included area under the log CSF (AULCSF), contrast acuity (CA), and CS thresholds at 1, 1.5, 3, 6, 12, and 18 cycles per degree (cpd). A total of 102 eyes of 79 patients were included. Comparing standardized regression coefficients, retinal thickness in most ETDRS sectors was associated with larger reductions in AULCSF, CA, and CS thresholds at 3 and 6cpd than those in logMAR VA. These differences in effect on VA and CS metrics were more pronounced in the central subfield and inner ETDRS sectors. Among the retinal layers, increased INL thickness had the most detrimental effect on visual function, being significantly associated with reductions in logMAR VA, AULCSF, CA, and CS thresholds at 3 and 6cpd (all p < .01), as well as at 1.5 and 12cpd (p < .05). Retinal thickness seems to be associated with larger reductions in contrast sensitivity than VA in patients with ERM. Measured with the qCSF method, contrast sensitivity may serve as a valuable adjunct visual function metric for patients with ERM.