Standardized Nordic Questionnaire Research Articles

Musculoskeletal disorder prevalence and its correlation with stress in medical students: A cross sectional survey

ABSTRACT Background: The study aimed to evaluate musculoskeletal disorder (MSD) prevalence and its correlation with stress in medical students at Umm Al-Qura University (UQU) in Saudi Arabia. Methods: A total of 416 participants participated in this study by answering an online questionnaire. We included medical students from UQU of both genders, ranging from the first year to the sixth year. A questionnaire was used to capture sociodemographic data. The data were collected using the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K-10) and Standardized Nordic questionnaire. Results: Among 416 medical students surveyed, 219 (52.60%) were males. A significant proportion of participants, 294 (70.70%), reported experiencing pain during the last 12 months. Female students exhibited significantly higher scores of MSDs compared to their male counterparts. Students who reported working between 51–90 hours per week had a significantly higher MSD score than those who worked 0–50 hours or 91 or more hours. The findings of this study indicated that the most prevalent MSDs were low back pain (50.20%), followed by neck pain (31.70%), and female medical students exhibited significantly higher stress levels than male medical students. Conclusions: Musculoskeletal disorders represent a prevalent health issue among medical students, there is a significant association between factors such as being a female and body mass index. Additionally, psychological stress is a widespread concern among medical students, given the demanding nature of their lifestyle. Interestingly, our findings revealed that there exists a moderately positive relationship between musculoskeletal disorders and stress in this particular population.

Burnout syndrome and its correlation with musculoskeletal disorders among physiotherapists in Saudi: A cross-sectional study.

There is a significant impact of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) on individuals of all ages, professions, and fields from various countries worldwide, leading to a negative impact on quality of life and overall health outcomes. The study was conducted to investigate the association between Burnout syndrome (BS) and MSDs among physiotherapists in Saudi Arabia. A cross-sectional study was carried out. Physiotherapists of either gender and with no known co-morbidities and who were not suffering from recent injuries and accidents were included in the study. The Copenhagen Burnout Inventory was used to determine the level of burnout. Musculoskeletal disorders were analyzed using the Standardized Nordic Questionnaire (NMQ). The chi-square test was used to observe the association between two categorical variables and a p-value <0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. A total of 133 participants were recruited and it was observed that 70 (53%) participants had low burnout levels (BoL). It was revealed that 65 (49%) had trouble in the neck and visited a physician clinic, 47 (35%) had trouble in the lower back during the last 12months, 60 (45%) had trouble in the upper back during the last 12months that prevented the normal activity and 13 (9.8%) participants had trouble in the shoulders during the last 7days. History of chronic disease, education, practice setting, and smoking status with Burnout level was statistically significant. Trouble in the upper back, elbow, wrist/hands, hips/thighs, ankle/feet, and neck were also found to be significant. The outcomes revealed that a few demographic factors such as education, practice setting, smoking status, and chronic disease history were significantly associated with BS. Furthermore, it was observed that MSD had a significant impact on BoL.

Prevalence of low back pain and disability among secondary school teacher in the eastern province of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional analytical study.

Lower back pain is common worldwide and affects over 600,000 people annually, including teachers. The study aimed to investigate the prevalence of low back pain and disability among secondary school teachers in the Eastern Province of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. This cross-sectional study included secondary school teachers in the eastern province of Saudi Arabia. 34 schools were selected using a multistage stratified sampling approach. Teachers were allotted randomly and proportionally to each school. Data was collected by anonymous questionnaire having three elements: sociodemographic and health-related questions, the Standardized Nordic Questionnaire, and the Oswestry Low Back Pain Disability Questionnaire. The anthropometric data was also included. Both unadjusted and adjusted logistic regression analyses were performed. A total of 601 teachers participated in the study with 62.56% reported low back pain. The overall mean age was 40.31 ± 8.13 years. The male-to-female ratio was similar. Back pain was significantly higher among females than males (73.36 and 51.52%, respectively). Additionally, back pain will significantly increase when stress levels and the number of classes increases. A positive correlation was found between age with low back pain (p = 0.001).There was minimal disability in 64.63% of the 376 teachers who reported low back pain, moderate disability in 29.79%, and severe disability in 4.79%, and only three (0.8%) were considered crippled. Females were more frequently seen in moderate and crippled categories, and perceived stress levels generally increased mean disability scores. Age and female gender were revealed to be significant predictors of low back pain by logistic regression (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 1.04, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.02-1.07) and (adjusted OR = 2.11, 95% CI = 1.45-3.05), respectively. The number of classes per week was also a significant predictor. This study adds to the epidemiological evidence that reveals a high prevalence of low back pain and disability among teachers. Identified risk factors in this study may also reinforce the importance of setting different interventions and preventive measures to reduce lower back pain risk.

Prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders and ergonomic risk assessment among production workers of pig slaughterhouse in the town municipality of Ang Thong, Thailand

Introduction: Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) are a significant health concern among workers, especially in the meat processing industry. Their impacts have been well documented and reported on numerous occasions. The study aimed to determine the prevalence of WMSDs and the ergonomic assessment of exposure to their risk factors. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in a pig slaughterhouse in the town municipality of Ang Thong, Thailand. Data were collected from April to July 2021 from 108 participants who answered a questionnaire. The descriptive questionnaire for WMSDs was adapted from the Standardized Nordic Questionnaire in Thai and the Bureau of Occupational and Environmental Diseases, Department of Disease Control of Thailand. Ten individuals received an ergonomic assessment of their exposure to risk factors using the Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA) method. Results: According to the study, 94.4% of participants working in pig slaughterhouse production reported experiencing the prevalence of WMSDs in the last seven days. Additionally, 93.5% of workers reported experiencing the prevalence of these disorders within the past 12 months. It has been observed that 29.6% of participants experience higher pain levels in their hands, while 25.9% experience it in their wrists, respectively. Based on the results of an ergonomic risk assessment using the REBA method, the half-cutting operator position presents a moderate level of risk. Conclusion: The study revealed that most of the workers at the pig slaughterhouse had to use their hands and arms to apply repeated pressure consistently. The occurrence rates of WMSDs within the last seven days and 12 months were highest in the hands or wrists, followed by the upper arms and shoulders. Therefore, it is crucial to implement ergonomic measures to minimize the risk factors for WMSDs among production workers in pig slaughterhouses.

Musculoskeletal disorders and quality of life for Chilean teachers during the COVID-19 pandemic at the academic year-end.

Schoolteachers have reported multiple demands contributing to poor perceptions regarding their quality of life and high rates of musculoskeletal disorders. However, there are few studies about the association between musculoskeletal disorders and quality of life from the end of the academic period during the COVID-19 pandemic. Evaluate musculoskeletal disorders rates and their association with quality of life perceptions among teachers from the last academic period during the COVID-19 pandemic. A total sample of 161 Chilean schoolteachers was included in a cross-sectional study musculoskeletal disorders prevalence was evaluated using the Standardized Nordic Questionnaire, and quality of life was evaluated through the Short-Form 12 Health Survey Instrument. A logistic regression was applied to evaluate the association between musculoskeletal disorders and quality of life perceptions adjusted by gender, age, and contract type. 98% of teachers have suffered from some type of musculoskeletal disorders during the last 12 months, and 64% have had six or more painful regions. Women showed a higher musculoskeletal disorders rate than men. The group of teachers with the most musculoskeletal disorders (≥p50) saw significantly greater risk of low scores on the physical (OR: 2.16; p < 0.05) and mental components (OR: 4.86; p < 0.01) of quality of life, regardless of gender, age, and contract type. High musculoskeletal disorders rates suggest that preventive and informative actions must be taken regarding these disorders in order to protect teachers' mental and physical health, considering the effects of the school year and the COVID-19 health crisis.

Analysis and Identification of Work Posture to Complaints of Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs) with REBA Method (Case Study at CV. Sumber Sari, Jember Regency)

This study discusses the analysis of work posture on all activities of workers who produce coco fiber in CV. Sumber Sari is located in Lembengan Village, Jember Regency. The production processes that are currently operating are the jockey, drying, sieving, and pressing processes. Work activities are carried out repeatedly, causing complaints to workers. These complaints arise due to non-ergonomic posture causing pain in several parts of the body felt by workers. The purpose of this study was to determine the level of risk and the percentage of complaints experienced during the production process. The methods used are the Standard Nordic Questionnaire (SNQ) and the Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA). The results of the research from the SNQ questionnaire on the manufacture of coco fiber, the body segments of workers mostly experience complaints on the back, waist and thighs. Research using the REBA method has a very high level of risk in jockey, sieving, and pressing workers (A4 and A5).Keywords— musculoskeletal disorders, working posture, SNQ, REBA

Predictive factors of ergonomic behaviors based on social cognitive theory among women workers on assembly lines: application of Bayesian networks

BackgroundThis study focuses on identifying the key factors associated with ergonomic behaviors (ERBE) among women workers on assembly lines (WwAL) to prevent musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) caused by repetitive motions and unfavorable body postures. To achieve this objective, this study employed Bayesian networks (BN) analysis based on social cognitive theory (SCT).MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted to examine the predictive factors of ERBE among 250 WwAL from six different industries located in Neyshabur, a city in northeastern Iran. The study used a two-stage cluster sampling method for participant selection and self-report questionnaires to collect data on demographic characteristics, variables associated with SCT, ERBE, and the standard Nordic questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed using Netica and SPSS version 21, which involved statistical analyses such as independent t-tests, Pearson correlation, and ANOVA tests at a significance level of p < 0.05. BN analysis was conducted to identify the important factors that impact ERBE.ResultsThe majority of individuals reported experiencing chronic pain in their back, neck, and shoulder areas. Engaging in physical activity, consuming dairy products, and attaining a higher level of education were found to be significantly associated with the adoption of ERBE p < 0.05. Among the various SCT constructs, observational learning, intention, and social support demonstrated the highest levels of sensitivity towards ERBE, with scores of 4.08, 3.82, and 3.57, respectively. However, it is worth noting that all SCT constructs exhibited a certain degree of sensitivity towards ERBE.ConclusionsThe research findings demonstrate that all constructs within SCT are effective in identifying factors associated with ERBE among WwAL. The study also highlights the importance of considering education levels and variables related to healthy lifestyles when promoting ERBE in this specific population.

PREVALENCE AND RISK FACTORS OF MUSCULOSKELETAL DISORDERS AMONG NURSES WORKING AT A TERTIARY HOSPITAL IN OMAN

Background: Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are a major cause of concern for workplace safety for healthcare workers. The prevalence of nurses with MSDs is particularly high. The aim of this study is to evaluate the prevalence and explore the associated factors of MSDs among nurses working in a tertiary hospital in Oman. Methods: A cross-sectional, descriptive correlational study was used to examine 125 nurses using the Standardized Nordic Questionnaire. Results: We sampled 125 nurses working in different units. We found that the main age group is between 31 and 40 years old (58.4%), mostly female (79.2%), majority are married (80.8%) and have children (76.8%). Nurses in this sample work at different departments, majority are working in the orthopedic unit (18.4%). The minimum years of experience was 1 year, and the maximum was 33 years. Upper back pain was the most reported complaint (7.2%). Out of the 125 nurses 87 had symptoms of MSDs at a prevalence of 0.696. Three factors were found to have a relationship with workplace-related MSDs: working in the same position for long periods of time ([Formula: see text] = 0.007), having lift-and-transfer-dependent patients ([Formula: see text] = 0.023), and being forced to work harder under the condition of staff shortage ([Formula: see text] = 0.062). None of the demographic and work-related characteristics were found to be related to MSDs. Conclusion: MSDs are very prevalent among nurses in Oman. The factors of developing MSDs are work related regardless of the demographic or workplace characteristics. Healthcare institutions shall implement preventive and rehabilitative measures to help nurses have better musculoskeletal health.

Risk factors associated with work-related musculoskeletal disorders among dumper operators: A machine learning approach

AimsThis study aimed to determine the risk factors associated with work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WRMSDs) among dumper operators working in Indian iron ore mines. MethodsA total of 246 dumper truck operators meeting inclusion and exclusion criteria were chosen for data collection. A self-report custom and the standard Nordic questionnaire were used for collecting data about risk factors and WRMSDs. The data were pre-processed and analyzed using machine learning (ML) algorithms (such as logistic regression ( LR), support vector machines (SVM), decision trees (DT), gradient boosting machine (GBM) and random forest (RF)). ResultsRF model was found to outperform the other algorithms with high accuracy (0.71), precision (0.75), recall (0.78), F1 score (0.76), and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (0.82). The mean rank of the risk factors showed that age is the most critical parameter, followed by awkward posture, experience in mines, job demand, alcohol consumption, smoking cigarettes, work design, and marriage status. ConclusionOverall, the study provides valuable insights into the risk factors associated with WRMSDs among dumper operators and suggests that measures should be taken to address these risk factors to prevent WRMSDs in the dumper operator population.

Prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders among dairy farmers in Malur Milk Co-operative society, Kolar District, Karnataka, India

Introduction: The burden of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WRMSDs) is high among dairy farmers, as they are involved in unacceptable working postures and movements. This study aims to assess the prevalence of WRMSDs and their associated factors among dairy farmers in Malur Milk Co-operative Society, Kolar District, Karnataka, India. Methods: A cross-sectional study was done from February 2022 to April 2022, among 150 dairy farmers aged 18 years and above. We collected socio-demographic, occupation, ergonomics and co-morbidities related details by administering a questionnaire. Assessment of musculoskeletal disorders was by Standardized Nordic Questionnaire and Mental health was assessed by Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). Results: The mean age was 40.96 13.49 years, and 66% of our study participants were males. The secondary occupation was agriculture(63%). Working hours per day was more than 8 hours in 19.3%. History of lifting heavy weights(78%), standing for long hours (56%) and sitting in squatting positions for long hours(66%) was present in this occupational group. The prevalence of WRMSDs was found to be 64.7%. The site of musculoskeletal disorders was found to be highest in the lower back (48.7%) and knees(45.3%). On multivariate analysis, belonging to the male gender [aOR = 0.33 (95%CI: 0.12-0.85)] and prolonged standing [aOR = 3.39 (95%CI: 1.46-7.89)] were the risk factors for WRMSDs. Conclusion: The prevalence of WRMSD is significantly high among dairy farmers in rural areas, affecting the lower back and knees predominantly. Education on ergonomics, routine physical activity, and accessibility to social security schemes will improve the health status of this community.

Work-related musculoskeletal disorders in agriculture: Ergonomics risk assessment and its prevention among Indian farmers.

Indian farmers have musculoskeletal disorders as agriculture is a physically demanding occupation. The main aim of this study is to identify ergonomic and psychosocial risk factors associated with musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) among different groups of farmers. The other objective is to investigate how MSDs affect farmers' daily lives and interfere with their activities. Farmers were evaluated for the repetitiveness of work and MSDs using the standard Nordic questionnaire, ergonomic assessment tool (REBA), and ART tool. Low back portions were the most affected body parts, followed by the knees (OR = 0.352; 95% CI = 0.280-0.598), shoulder (OR = 0.657; 95% CI = 0.405-1.066), neck (OR = 0.510; 95% CI = 0.350-0.743), ankle or foot (OR = 0.815; 95% CI = 0.556-1.196), and upper back region (OR = 0.681; 95% CI = 0.463-1.002). The REBA method found that most of the postures in farming are very dangerous. The ART tool showed that most of the activities are repetitive. Working long hours (90%) and monotony at work (87.5%) are the main psychosocial factors, followed by pressure to finish within a given timeframe (71.4%) and injuries related to MSDs. Farmers suffer from musculoskeletal disorders in various body parts (lower back, knee, neck, shoulder, and upper back) due to squatting, stooping, and other constrained working postures during agricultural activities. rolonged working hours, repetitive movements, and MMH are ergonomic risk factors forFurthermore, p MSDs.

Prevalence and consequences of spinal pain among people with type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus in Denmark.

To describe 1-week and 1-year prevalence of spinal pain and its consequences in relation to leisure activity, work-life, and care-seeking in people with type 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). A cross-sectional survey including adults diagnosed with DM from two Danish secondary care centres. Using the Standardised Nordic Questionnaire, spinal pain prevalence (cervical, thoracic, lumbar) and its consequences were evaluated (proportions, 95% confidence intervals) and compared to the general population. Among 3767 people, 1-week and 1-year spinal pain prevalence were 11.6-32.4 and 18.5-49.6%, respectively, highest for lumbar pain (24.6-49.6%). The prevalence was similar between DM types for cervical and thoracic pain, but higher in type 2 for lumbar spine. Women had higher pain prevalence across spinal regions and DM types, while cervical and thoracic pain estimates were higher for age < 60 vs. ≥ 60. Within the past year, > 50% reported pain > 30 days, high proportions had reduced their activities (leisure time, 43.7-63.9%; work, 20.7-33.3%), 13.3-28.1% reported sick-leave > 30 days, and 44.3-48.5% had sought care due to spinal pain. Spinal pain is common in people with type 1 and 2 DM, resulting in considerable consequences for work/leisure activities, sick-leave, and healthcare utilisation as compared to the general population.

WORK-RELATED MUSCULOSKELETAL DISORDERS AMONGNURSESOF GOVERNMENTAL HOSPITAL IN AL-MEDINAH, SAUDI ARABIA:A CROSS-SECTIONALSTUDY

Introduction: Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) considered to be one of the most common public health issues these days. Studies have addressed the issue of increasing prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal (MSK) pain among different occupations. However, contributing factors to MSK pain have not been fully investigated among Nurses. Thus, this study aimed to approximate the prevalence and predictors of MSK pain among the nurses working in governmental hospitals in Medina, Saudi Arabia. Methods: cross-sectional study took place on nurses of King Salman Medical city (KSAMC). The Standardized Nordic questionnaires for the analysis of musculoskeletal symptoms was utilized in our study. Results were analyzed descriptively using a Chi-square test and logistic regression analysis to estimate the odd ratio of experiencing disabling musculoskeletal symptoms. Results:Nearly 55% of the subjects were between ages 31 and 40 and 85% of the sample comprised of females. A multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed being a female nursesseem to have high odds and significant association with Neck pain OR = 5.5 (2.18-13.76, p&lt;.001) Conclusion: Health care workers, particularly nurses, are at a heigh risk for work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WRMDs), and therefore, it is imperative that measures are taken to manage this global issue. Occupational therapists can play an integral role in this regard.

PREVALENCE OF UPPER EXTREMITY MUSCULOSKELETAL DISORDERS AMONG TRAINED AND UNTRAINED WEIGHTLIFTERS OF GUJRANWALA

Background: Weightlifting is a competitive sport that is played by many people. The basis of performing such exercise is to increase the mass of muscle and symmetry. The risk of injury during heavy lifting at work or during free time is a well-recognized problem. Injuries may occur due to heavy weightlifting in extreme joint positions. Older weightlifters may sustain greater percentages of joint sprains and muscle strains during resistance training, while younger athletes would bear a greater percentage of injuries linked to accidents. Objectives: The objective is to find the prevalence of upper extremity musculoskeletal disorders among Gujranwala's trained and untrained weightlifters. Methodology: It was a comparative cross-sectional study. A convenient sampling technique was used. A sample size of 180 participants was taken. Standard Nordic questionnaire and Quick Dash Questionnaire were used. Results: This study showed that a high percentage of weightlifters had difficulty in performing their regular tasks and jobs due to pain in their neck region. The maximum frequency of MSK Disorders was found in the shoulder region among untrained weightlifters and 41.1% felt symptoms in the last 7 days while exercising. A high percentage (38.9%) of weightlifters felt symptoms in the last 3 months. Overall results of the study show that Upper Limb Musculoskeletal Disorders were seen as common in both trained and untrained weightlifters with no significant difference between the both. Conclusion: All the findings of the study strongly support that the untrained weightlifters showed slightly more prevalence in MSK disorders of the shoulder region, wrist, and hand as compared to trained weightlifters.

Prevalence and Factors Associated with Occupational Musculoskeletal Disorders among the Nurses of a Tertiary Care Center of Nepal

Introduction: Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are injuries or pain in the human musculoskeletal system which could lead to temporary or permanent impairments. The nature of nursing jobs makes nurses vulnerable to MSDs. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and potential risk factors associated with MSDs among nurses. Methods: In between March to June 2021, a cross-sectional study was conducted among 165 nurses using self-administered questionnaires. A standardized Nordic Questionnaire was used to measure MSDs. Pearson’s chi-square test and binary logistic regression at a 5% level of significance were performed to identify factors associated with upper extremities and spinal musculoskeletal disorders (UMSD) and lower extremities musculoskeletal disorders (LMSD). Variables associated with UMSD and LMSD in bivariate analysis were subjected to multiple logistic regression. Results: The prevalence of UMSD and LMSD experienced by nurses was 86.1% (95% CI: 79.4%-90.9%) and 66.1% (95% CI: 58.9%-74.3%), respectively. Among several factors, working in same position for long periods (AOR: 4.16, 95% CI: 1.2-13.4), not receiving training in injury prevention programs (AOR: 3.15, 95% CI: 1.0-9.2), not enough rest breaks during the day (AOR: 4.65, 95% CI: 1.3-15.9) and moderate to higher job stress (AOR: 3.62, 95% CI: 1.2-10.8) were found to be significantly associated with UMSD. Not having enough rest breaks during the day (AOR: 2.19, 95% CI: 1.0-4.7) was significantly associated with LMSD. Conclusion: Higher prevalence of MSDs among nurses is a serious concern that threatens individual health as well as the overall healthcare system. Sensitization and capacity enhancement programs on the issue could prevent MSDs among nurses.

Evaluasi Risiko Postur Kerja Pegawai Administrasi Menggunakan Metode SNQ dan ROSA di CV. Rempah Sari

Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs) is damage to the musculoskeletal system that accumulates and causes abnormalities due to repeated trauma, causing complaints of pain in the muscles. Ergonomics has an important role in preventing MSDs. Employee work activities at CV. Rempah Sari is an industrial company engaged in cinnamon bark. Workers feel complaints on the upper neck, lower neck, left shoulder, right shoulder, back, right arm, left arm, waist, hips and on the knee. The purpose of this study was to evaluate and analyze the risk level of the administrative department's work posture using the Standard Nordic Questionnaire (SNQ) and Rapid Office Strain Assessment (ROSA) methods. The results of this study using the SNQ method show that employees complain about the neck, shoulders, arms, back, waist, hips, buttocks, and need immediate repairs. The results of the ROSA calculation show that employees A, employees B, and employees C employees have a high or dangerous risk, and urgent repairs are needed. The cause of the high risk experienced is caused by the inadequate use of facilities, the need to update work facilities according to ergonomic standards in the world of work, and the holding of good and correct computer office ergonomics training to reduce injuries when using computers.

An Empirical Study of the Implementation of an Integrated Ergo-Green-Lean Framework: A Case Study

The implementation of lean manufacturing to increase productivity often neglects the impact on the environment and the well-being of employees. This can result in negative consequences such as environmental harm and poor employee satisfaction. To address this issue, an integrated ergo-green-lean conceptual model was developed in the literature. However, no case study has been conducted to support this model. Therefore, this research aims to investigate the practical outcomes of implementing the integrated framework in an automobile parts industry. Key performance indicators (KPIs) were identified, including ergonomic risk score, job satisfaction, carbon footprint emission both from direct energy consumption and material wastage, cycle time, lead time, die setup time, and rejection rate. Various assessment techniques were employed, such as the rapid entire body assessment (REBA) with the Standard Nordic Questionnaire (SNQ), job stress survey, carbon footprint analysis (CFA), and value stream mapping (VSM) to evaluate the KPIs at the pre- and post-intervention phases. The results demonstrate significant improvements in job satisfaction (49%), improved REBA score of 10 postures with very high risk numbers by 100%, a 30.3% and 19.2% decrease in carbon emissions from energy consumption and material wastage, respectively, a 45% decrease in rejection rate at the customer end, a 32.5% decrease in in-house rejection rate, a 15.5% decrease in cycle time, a 34.9% decrease in lead time, and a 21% decrease in die setup time. A Python regression model utilizing sklearn, pandas, and numpy was created to assess the relationship between process improvement and the chosen KPIs.

Bruxism as a new risk factor of musculo-skeletal disorders?

ObjectivesMusculoskeletal disorders (MSDs), particularly neck and low back pain, constitute a major public health issue worldwide with a heavy morbidity and economic impact. However, the relationships between the stomatognathic system and MSDs are subjected to debate, data sorely lacking. The study objective was to investigate the association between bruxism (BR) and MSDs. Secondary objective includes the study of the association between tooth wear (TW) and MSDs. MethodsThis is a cross-sectional study on 425 participants frequenting a university dental clinic. The presence of MSDs was evaluated with the standardized Nordic questionnaire. The sleep and awake BR assessments were based on clinical examination and self-report. TW was measured with the BEWE index. Socio-demographic factors, medical history, life habits and stress were analyzed as potential confounding variables. Results91% of patients reported at least one MSD during the preceding 12 months and 75.5% were diagnosed as bruxers. In multivariate analyses, BR was associated with a 5-fold increased risk of prevalent MSD (OR=5.88 (2.7–12.5), p<0.0001). Regarding TW, for a one-point increase in anterior BEWE score, the risk to present an MSD was increased by 53% (OR=1.53 (1.12–2.08), p = 0.0076). Moreover, BR was independently associated with neck, shoulder, upper back, low back, hip & thigh and knee MSDs. Anterior TW was independently associated with neck, low back and hip & thigh MSDs, and global TW with knee MSDs. ConclusionsBR and TW were shown to be associated with MSDs. The cause-and-effect relationships between those factors needs to be analyzed to optimize prevention and therapeutic care. Clinical significanceResults suggest that the body is a whole, a balanced muscular system, where every part constitutes a link of the chain. MSDs management and prevention may require a multidisciplinary team approach and future perspectives include defining the dentist's role in this context, particularly with respect to BR diagnostic and treatment.

Musculoskeletal injuries in cross-speciality surgeons: a survey of UK-based doctors.

Musculoskeletal disorder (MSD) rates amongst surgeons are as high as 80% and injuries within the healthcare setting are an impending epidemic with a distinct lack of intervention to prevent it. The career-shortening impact this has on the cohort of highly trained workers within the National Health Service must be highlighted. This study was designed to be the first UK-based cross-speciality survey to establish the prevalence and impact of MSDs. A quantitative survey from the standardised Nordic Questionnaire was distributed compromisingquestions assessing the prevalence of musculoskeletal complaints in all anatomical zones. 86.5% of the surgeons reported musculoskeletal discomfort over the last 12months, with 92% of respondents detailing issues over the last 5years. 63% state this had an impact on their home life, with a further 86% believing their symptoms are related to posture at work. 37.5% of surgeons admitted to altering or stopping work due to MSDs. This survey demonstrates high rates of MSK injuries in surgeons with a certain subsequent impact on occupational safety and career length. Robotic surgery may be a solution to the impending problemhowever further research is needed withpolicies developed to protect our health workers.

Prevalence of Musculoskeletal Disorders and its Correlation to Physical Activity among Geriatrics Population in Rural Wardha- A Cross-Sectional Study

Objective: Musculoskeletal disorders which leads to the pain in the neck, shoulder, upper back, lower back, knee or other skeletal areas, are instances of musculoskeletal strains. Musculoskeletal problem is the main region of morbodity and the seconldy cause of disability in all world. Any action of the body involving the skeletal muscles that results in a modest to high energy expenditure is referred to as physical activity (PA). This study's aim was to determine the prevalence of musculoskeletal illnesses and how physical activity among senior age groups relates to those disorders. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders, the level of physical activity using a short-form physical activity questionnaire, and the relationship between the prevalence of these disorders and physical activity. Material and Methods: From October 2021 to August 2022, a cross-sectional study of 152 geriatric patients in a rural Wardha was conducted using pre-structured and pre-designed questionnaires. These included demographic information, a short form of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire to gauge the level of physical activity, and standardized Nordic questionnaires to examine musculoskeletal symptoms. Results: Our survey shows 95.3% of elderly people reported musculoskeletal problems. The age groups 60-70 years of geriatrics had the highest prevalence of MSDs (55.19%), significantly higher than those of 70-80, 80-90, and 90-100 years of geriatrics (p 0.05). There is a substantial correlation between the degree of physical activity and the musculoskeletal disorder; the majority of the participant had a moderate level of physical activity (55.9%), with the knee being the most frequently reported region (61.18%). Conclusions: In this study, there are more musculoskeletal diseases among female individuals from rural Wardha than among male participants. Geriatrics between the ages of 60 and 70 had a higher MSD prevalence than those between the ages of 70- 80 or 80-90. The body component most affected was the knee, followed by the lower back and upper back. The majority of the affected senior population engaged in moderate physical activity