Mean Standardized Scores Research Articles

Exploring riverine aquatic animal diversity and establishing aquatic ecological monitoring approaches tailored to the Qinling region via eDNA technology.

This study thoroughly examines biodiversity and aquatic ecosystems across 14 sampled sites within the Shitou River basin by utilizing environmental DNA technology. Through integrated analysis and high-throughput sequencing, the study elucidates a diverse array of biodiversity, encompassing 27 fish species and 341 freshwater benthic macroinvertebrates (FBM) species. Using various biodiversity indices, we found significant differences in diversity and stability across different environments. Regions with more complex habitats had higher species richness and evenness. Further analyses showed complex relationships between diversity metrics for FBM and fish, indicating potential interactions between these groups. The standardized mean score (SMS) was developed to aid in the assessment of water quality. Specifically, SMS scoring revealed that sites STH3, STH4, and STH14 excelled across multiple dimensions, earning an "Excellent" rating, while site STH12 was rated as "Poor" due to subpar performance across several metrics. This project not only enhances current understanding regarding aquatic ecological dynamics but also establishes a strong foundation for detailed environmental evaluation and monitoring, aligned with the priorities of contemporary ecological management and caution.

Maintenance Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for Major Depressive Disorder: A Meta-analysis.

Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is an effective therapy for acute treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD). However, the efficacy and optimal strategy of delivering maintenance rTMS beyond acute treatment remains unclear. This meta-analysis aims to quantify the treatment effect of maintenance rTMS therapy in MDD and compares the difference in treatment effect between the fixed and rescue maintenance rTMS protocols. We conducted a meta-analysis of 14 studies (N = 705) comparing depression rating scores before and after maintenance rTMS. Standardized mean scores adjusted for sample size (Hedges g) were used as the effect size. Subgroup analysis was performed to compare the fixed and rescue maintenance rTMS treatment. Maintenance rTMS was associated with a statistically significant improvement in depression scores (standardized mean difference [SMD] = 0.75; confidence interval [CI] = -1.25 to -0.25). The random effects model had the Q value = 142.67 (P < 0.0001) and I2 = 90%, supporting significant heterogeneity among studies. The prediction interval yielded a possible effect size from -2.54 to 1.05. The subgroup analysis showed a stronger treatment effect for rescue maintenance protocol (SMD = -1.17; CI = -2.13 to -0.21) compared to fixed maintenance protocol (SMD = -0.45; CI = -1.00.16). Although not statistically significant (Q-between = 2.56, df-between = 1, P = 0.1096), a large difference in effect size was observed between subgroups. Maintenance rTMS appears to be an effective strategy for maintaining remission and preventing relapse in MDD. Significant heterogeneity among the studies warrants caution in interpreting the results. These findings suggest the need for standard protocols and consensus guidelines for the optimal delivery of maintenance rTMS treatment.

Population normative data for OxCAP-MH capability scores.

The study aims to establish the first set of normative data for OxCAP-MH capability instrument and to examine its association with sociodemographic and anxiety/depression severity variables. A large-sample cross-sectional online survey was conducted among the Hungarian adult general population in 2021. OxCAP-MH standardized mean scores were compared across age, sex, education level, residence, employment, and marital status. Linear regression analysis was employed to determine the impact of sociodemographic and anxiety/depression severity on the OxCAP-MH score. In total, N = 2000 individuals completed the survey. The sample mean age was 47.1, with female majority (53.4%). Most respondents had completed primary education (51%), were active on labour market (52.4%), lived in larger cities (70.0%), and were married/in relationship (61.1%). Nearly half of the participants reported experiencing depression (48.5%), anxiety (44.3%), and 38.6% reported having both. The mean OxCAP-MH score for the total sample was 67.2 (SD = 14.4), the highest in the non-depressed (74.4) and non-anxious (73.6) subgroups, the lowest among those with extremely severe depression (45.0) and severe anxiety (47.7). Regression results indicated that older individuals (by β = 0.1), males (β = 2.3), those with secondary or higher education (β = 2.7 and 4.5) and students (β = 6.8) had significantly (p<0.01) higher mental capabilities. Respondents with mild, moderate, severe, or extremely severe depression (β = -6.6, -9.6, -13.8, -18.3) and those with mild, moderate, or severe anxiety (β = -4.1, -7.7, -10.3) had lower capability scores. The OxCAP-MH instrument effectively differentiated capabilities across sociodemographic groups and highlighting the impact of depression and anxiety severity on general population's mental capability.

Care Needs of Older Adults With Urinary Incontinence: A Cross-Sectional Study.

To explore care requirements of older adults with urinary incontinence (UI) and contributing factors. This cross-sectional study used the Older Adults Urinary Incontinence Care Needs Inventory to survey participants with UI in three large-scale tertiary hospitals located in Guangzhou City, China, from January 2023 to November 2023. Statistical analyses, including analysis of variance, t tests, correlation analyses, and linear regression models, were conducted to assess factors influencing participants' care needs. A total of 530 older adults with UI participated in the survey and mean standardized score for overall care needs was 78.65 (SD = 5.01), with mean scores for each dimension ranging from 70.88 (SD = 10.55) for social participation needs to 82.45 (SD = 7.11) for health education needs. Factors that were found to influence incontinence care needs in older adults included age, literacy level, number of leaks, and type of disease (F = 37.07, adjusted R2 = 0.290, p < 0.001). Comprehensive care for older adults with UI, encompassing physiological, psychological, and social aspects, is crucial. It is essential to tailor care to individual needs and characteristics, taking into account factors, such as age and education, to ensure effective care. [Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 50(5), 43-49.].

Quality evaluation of clinical practice guidelines for placenta accreta spectrum disorders

IntroductionWe evaluated the quality of the published clinical practice guidelines on placenta accreta spectrum (PAS) disorders to provide reference for the development of high-quality PAS guidelines. MethodsChina National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wan Fang, PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library were systematically searched. Quality assessments were conducted using the appraisal of guidelines for research and evaluation (AGREE) II framework and Reporting Items for practice Guidelines in Healthcare (RIGHT) checklist. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were used to measure the agreement among reviewers. ResultsIn total, 13 guidelines from different countries, published between 2015 and 2021 were included. There included 9 official guidelines, 3 consensuses, and 1 standard reference and covered subjects including epidemiology, diagnosis and treatment. The mean standardized scores across 6 domains (scope and purpose, stakeholder involvement, rigor of development, clarity of presentation, applicability, and editorial independence) were 53.63%, 27.35%, 33.57%, 72.01%, 19.39% and 41.02%, respectively. Of the 13 guidelines, 11 were classified as grade B, whereas 2 as grade C. According to the RIGHT checklist, the overall reporting rate of the 13 guidelines ranged from 28.57% to 54.29%. ConclusionThe current guidelines for PAS demonstrate commendable methodological and reporting qualities. However, the methodological and reporting quality of PAS CPGs still need to be further improved, particularly in stakeholder involvement, the rigor of development, applicability, and editorial independence domains.

Policy implementation deviation of government purchase of old age care services in Jiangsu, China: based on empirical and policy analysis

BackgroundGovernment purchase of social forces to participate in old age care services can release the burden of social care. Current research on performance evaluation in this field mainly focussed on the establishment of appropriate evaluation indices. However, discussion on the policy implementation deviation is scarce. This study aimed to evaluate the performance of China’s local government purchase of old age care services, analyse the characteristics of related policies and explore their deviation.MethodsThe persons who participated in the Training of the Trainer (ToT) organized by the Red Cross Society were enrolled. The policy documents were obtained from the official websites. The K-means cluster was used to determine the project performance grades. We compared the project performance grades between service objects and undertakers with different characteristics utilizing the non-parametric test. Based on the framework of ‘Collaborative Participation – Project Performance Objective’, we analysed the content of relevant policy aiding by NVivo 12.ResultsData of project performance were collected from 306 participants. The standardized mean score of the efficiency dimension was the lowest (0.70 ± 0.24). The projects were divided into four grades: poor (17.0%), average (27.5%), good (12.4%) and excellent (43.1%). There were statistically significant differences in project performance grades only between advanced ageing groups (Z = 2.429, P = 0.015). As well, the policy also mentioned that the services focus should be tilted towards the oldest old. The purchasers mainly involved the Ministry of Civil Affairs and Health management departments in the policy. Respite services were less mentioned in the responsibilities of the undertakers. The requirement for efficiency and effectiveness was mentioned in less than half of the policy documents.ConclusionPolicy attention is needed for the responsibilities and functions of the intermediate purchasing force, as well as more precise directions and responsibilities of undertakers. The purchasers and undertakers should improve management abilities and capacity of old age care services and focus on associated factors to achieve the best marginal benefit. In addition, the embedded performance evaluation needs to be updated periodically to bridge the deviation between policy implementation and policy formulation.

Epilepsy in childhood and school performance: a nation-wide cohort study.

Childhood epilepsy has been linked to poor academic performance, but large-scale studies are lacking. In this nation-wide study of school-aged children, we examined the association between childhood epilepsy and school performance in standardized tests according to phenotypic and treatment-related characteristics. We performed a matched register-based cohort study of children born in Denmark (1997-2009) who participated in the Danish National School Test Programme between 2010 and 2019. We used population and health registers to identify children with epilepsy and a randomly sampled sex- and age-matched reference cohort without epilepsy (ratio 1:10). Norm-based test scores from language and mathematics reflecting performance as a percentile of the nation-wide distribution of scores (scale 1-100) were used to assess academic performance. Adjusted differences in mean standardized scores between children with and without epilepsy were estimated using linear regression models. Among 582 840 children participating in the School Test Programme, we identified 4659 (0.8%) children with epilepsy (52.8% males) and 46 590 matched reference children. Median age at epilepsy onset was 7.5 years (interquartile range: 4.0-10.6). Childhood epilepsy was associated with poorer school performance overall (mean score = 48.2 versus references = 56.7; adjusted difference = -6.7, 95% CI: -7.4 to -6.0), and worse performance was found in all epilepsy subgroups, including in 3534 children with uncomplicated epilepsy (i.e. no other pre-existing neurologic or intellectual disabilities and no identified possible cause for epilepsy; adjusted difference = -6.0, 95% CI: -6.8 to -5.2). No major variation by sex, age or subject was observed, but larger score differences were seen in children using antiseizure medication at time of testing (e.g. valproate monotherapy, adjusted difference = -9.3, 95% CI: -11.5 to -7.0 and lamotrigine monotherapy, adjusted difference = -13.1, 95% CI: -15.0 to -11.3) and in children with psychiatric comorbidity, especially epilepsy with comorbid intellectual disability (adjusted difference = -27.0, 95% CI: -30.0 to -23.9) and epilepsy with comorbid attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (adjusted difference = -15.7, 95% CI: -19.0 to -12.4). Children with epilepsy scored significantly lower than their unaffected siblings (adjusted difference = -6.2, 95% CI: -7.1 to -5.4). In conclusion, childhood epilepsy was associated with impaired academic performance throughout schooling, which suggest that there is a widespread need for educational support of children with epilepsy, even when the child has no other comorbidities and when the epilepsy appears well-managed.

Predictors of information needs among women with breast cancer receiving adjuvant therapy at Tikur Anbessa specialized hospital, Addis Ababa Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study

BackgroundWomen undergoing adjuvant therapy for breast cancer have diverse information needs that remain unfulfilled. Extensive research has shown that access to relevant information about their condition can significantly enhance the quality of life for these women, making it an essential part of cancer care. However, various clinical and socioeconomic factors influence the information needs of these women. Hence, the primary aim of this study is to identify predictors of the information needs of women undergoing adjuvant therapy for breast cancer. In addition, this study will also describe the preferred sources of information and the optimal timing for its acquisition.MethodsA facility-based cross-sectional study was undertaken at Tikur Anbessa Specialty Hospital, enlisting a cohort comprising 121 women undergoing adjuvant therapy for breast cancer. Trained interviewers administered an Amharic-translated Toronto information needs questionnaire specifically designed for breast cancer to assess the information needs of the study participants Statistical analysis was executed using the sophisticated software SPSS (version 25). Descriptive statistics were employed to summarize the variables of the study. A linear regression analyses was then carried out to identify notable predictors that significantly influenced the information needs of the women.ResultsThe total mean score for overall information needs in the current study was 194.30 (± 28.01), with a range scale of 142–260 and a standardized mean score of 3.74 (± 0.54). The disease and treatment domains had the highest information needs, with standardized mean scores (standard deviation) of 4.00 (± 0.54) and 3.77 (± 0.59), respectively. 95% of the participants sought information from healthcare professionals, and 67.7% of the women needed the information before beginning the treatments. Predictors of information needs were following a single treatment option (β = 12.68; 95% CI (0.68, 24.68); P = 0.039) and joining higher education and above (β = 17.1; 95% CI (1.47, 34.14); P = 0.033).ConclusionThe women exhibited a substantial demand for information. Healthcare professionals need to consider the women’s educational background and treatment status while delivering the needed information.

Comparison of Vascular Health in Super‐Agers and Cognitively Normal Adults 80 Years and Older

AbstractBackgroundUnraveling factors associated with cognitive resilience and super‐agers might reduce expected increases in Alzheimer’s disease and related dementia (ADRD). Vascular disease can impair the cerebral circulation and increase risk for cognitive decline and ADRD. However, data in persons aged 80+ suggests that maintained vascular health can preserve key brain regions for normal cognition.MethodUsing National Alzheimer’s Coordinating Center (NACC) data from January 2005 ‐ December 2020, we found 9,581 participants age 80+ (white: 8,296 vs. AA: 1,285,p&lt;.0001) at the baseline visit. We defined cognitive groups per global Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) and Memory subscale scores. Normal cognition (NC) was defined as a global CDR and memory subscale score = 0. To identify super‐agers (SA), we utilized data‐derived cutoffs from cognitive test performances consistent with prior reports. The operationalized definition was created from: 1) Mean Craft delayed recall scores in 50–60‐year‐olds with NC; 2) Craft scores among age 80+ with NC group were standardized to the mean score for age 50‐60 with NC; and 3) Standardized mean scores for non‐memory measures (trail making test‐B, phonemic fluency, and multilingual naming test) for age 80+ with NC. SA were defined as age 80+ with episodic memory performance (Craft scores) ≥ 1 standard deviation (SD) of the standardized mean for the age 50‐60 group and non‐memory scores ≥ 1 SD of the standardized mean for the 80+ age group.ResultWe identified 4.5% (n = 431) SA and 27.7% (n = 2,654) NC (p&lt;.01) to compare vascular variables. Compared to NC, SA were younger (83.5±3.4 vs. 84.7±4.0, p&lt;.01), had more education (16.5±2.8 vs. 15.2±3.1, p&lt;.01), higher diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (73.9±10.5 vs. 71.9±10.5, p&lt;.01), and mean arterial pressure (MAP) (95.5±11.8 vs. 93.5±11.5, p&lt;.01). Pulse pressure (PP) was similar for both groups (67.5±17.1 vs. 68.1±10.5, p = .33).ConclusionOur results suggest that vascular health could impact cognition in aged 80+ adults. SA may have higher cerebral perfusion (CP) per MAP. Although DBP can decrease with aging, higher values in our sample may contribute to CP. The PP in our sample is similar to reported values for healthy 70‐year‐old adults. Further study of vascular health and super‐aging is needed.

Abstract 12724: High Health-Related Quality of Life Among Survivors of Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest: A Nationwide Survey From 2001-2019

Background: Survival after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest has increased over the past two decades. However, little is known about the health-related quality of life of long-term survivors. Purpose: We conducted a nationwide survey to examine the long-term quality of life of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest survivors from 2001-2019. Methods: The study included all out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients from the Danish Cardiac Arrest Registry between 2001-2019 who were alive in October 2020. Health-related quality of life was evaluated using the EuroQol health questionnaire (EQ-5D), SF-12 Health Survey (SF-12), and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Results: Of the 4,545 survivors, 2,552 (56.1 %) completed the survey. Respondent and non-respondent age was comparable (67 vs. 68 years). The median EQ-index score for survivors who had been alive for 0-1 year was 0.8 (Q1-Q3: 0.7-1.0), while survivors who had been alive for 15-20 years had a median EQ-index score of 0.9 (0.8-1.0). These scores were comparable to a Danish reference population, whose mean EQ-index score was 0.9 (SD: 0.16). Mean standardized SF-12 physical health score was 40.6 (SD: 12.7) for 0-1 year survivors vs. 44.4 (SD: 11.8) for &gt;15-20-year survivors, and the SF-12 mental health score was 53.1 (SD: 8.4) vs. 54.1 (SD: 8.7), respectively. Both scores were comparable to a Danish reference population. In terms of symptoms of anxiety, 73% of survivors who had been alive for 0-1 year reported a normal score (score ≤ 8), compared to 89.3% of survivors who had been alive for 15-20 years. For symptoms of depression, the percentages were 79.7% and 87.5%, respectively (Figure 1). Health-related quality of life was similar for survivor groups &gt;1-2, &gt;2-4, &gt;4-6, &gt;6-8, &gt;8-10, and &gt;10-15 years after arrest. Conclusion: Short-term as well as long-term survivors of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest generally reported high health-related quality of life after the event, regardless of the time elapsed since the arrest.

59 Perinatal Risk Factors and Cognitive Outcomes in Children HIV-Exposed, Uninfected

Objective:Children who are HIV-exposed uninfected (CHEU) are at risk of neurodevelopmental impairments due to perinatal HIV and antiretroviral therapy exposure as well as additional health and psychosocial burdens. There is limited understanding of the impact of perinatal risk factors on long-term outcomes of CHEU. The present study investigated the association between perinatal risk factors and the intellectual and language abilities in CHEU and children who are HIV-unexposed uninfected (CHUU).Participants and Methods:CHEU and CHUU, 6 to 10 years, of age underwent neurodevelopmental assessments through the Kids Imaging and Neurocognitive Development (KIND) study at the Hospital for Sick Children in Toronto, Canada between January 2020 and August 2022. CHUU were recruited from the community with similar sociodemographic backgrounds based on residential area in Toronto and parental income levels. Measures of Full-Scale IQ (FSIQ), Verbal Comprehension (VCI), Visual Spatial skills (VSI), Fluid Reasoning (FRI), Working Memory (WMI), and Processing Speed (PSI) were evaluated with the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children - Fifth Edition. Core Language, Receptive Language, and Expressive Language skills were assessed with the Clinical Evaluation of Language Fundamentals - Fifth Edition. Perinatal risk factors included birthweight, birth complications (e.g., premature rupture of membranes, jaundice, etc.), maternal smoking and alcohol use during pregnancy, and NICU admission. Analyses of variance and chi-square tests were performed to investigate group differences and multiple regression analyses tested the relation between neurodevelopmental measures and birth factors. Significance was held at p &lt;0.05.Results:36 CHEU (21 female, 8.74 ±1.56 years) and 26 CHUU (12 female, 8.53 ±1.50 years) children were included. For both groups, mean standardized scores of the cognitive abilities assessed were in the average range. CHEU had significantly lower birth weight than CHUU, but there were no differences between these groups with respect to maternal smoking and alcohol use, birth complications or NICU admission. There were no between group differences identified for the intellectual and language abilities. In the CHEU group, birthweight was significantly associated with lower VCI, WMI, and expressive language. In the CHUU group, prenatal alcohol and smoking exposure was associated with lower VCI scores. Birth complications were associated with lower WMI, PSI, and FSIQ scores.Conclusions:In this interim analysis, perinatal risk factors impacted neurodevelopmental outcomes of CHEU and CHUU differently. While the groups did not differ in frequency of birth complications and maternal smoking and alcohol use, these factors negatively impacted aspects of intellectual ability in the CHUU group. CHEU with lower birthweight are at greater risk of working memory and language difficulties, supporting the need for early interventions and close neuropsychological follow-up of this population throughout childhood.

63 Repeated Administration of Sucrose in Hospitalized Preterm Infants and Neurodevelopment at 18 Months

Abstract Background Preterm neonates, often hospitalized in the neonatal intensive care units (NICU), undergo multiple skin-breaking procedures. To minimize procedural pain, these infants frequently receive repeated administration of sucrose of varying concentrations and doses. Repetitive procedural pain has been associated with neurodevelopmental consequences, but long-term effects of repeated sucrose administration and volume are unknown. Objectives Our goal was to examine the association of total volume of sucrose over the NICU stay and neurodevelopment of preterm neonates at 18 months corrected gestational age (CGA). Design/Methods A prospective longitudinal observational study was conducted in four level-III Canadian NICUs. Infants &amp;lt;32 weeks of gestational age (GA) at birth and &amp;lt;10 days of life at enrollment were included. The minimally effective dose of 24% sucrose (0.1 ml) was administered prior to all skin-breaking procedures during the NICU stay. Total volume of sucrose administered for painful procedures was calculated for the full hospitalization. Infants were assessed at 18 months CGA by a trained observer using the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, Third Edition (Bayley-III). The standardized mean score for each Bayley-III component was reported out of 100 (±15). Scores ≥85 are considered within normal limits. The association between sucrose and 18-month composite development scores, adjusting for birthweight and maternal use of medication for depression, were conducted using GEE models accounting for NICU site. Results Of the 168 infants enrolled in the study, 118 completed the Bayley-III assessment at 18 months (60% male, mean GA at birth 28.3 [±2.2] weeks, mean birth weight [1092 (±354) grams]). Infants received an average of 5.92 (±5.59) ml of sucrose during the hospitalization for an average of 58 (±70) skin-breaking painful procedures. The mean Bayley-III scores were within normal limits; cognitive 91 (±17), language 86 (±18), motor 88 (±17). There was no statistically significant association between total sucrose volume administered and cognitive (p=0.98), language (p=0.68), and motor (p=0.29) Bayley-III scores in the adjusted analyses. Conclusion Results do not generally indicate neurodevelopmental delay in preterm infants assessed at 18 months of CGA. The association between total sucrose volume administered for painful procedures and neurodevelopment requires more research as the infant matures, to better understand the impact of sucrose on long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes and with attention to potential confounders. The relationship between the combination of sucrose and other evidence-supported interventions (e.g., skin-to-skin care, breastfeeding) for all painful procedures during the NICU and neurodevelopment also requires further investigation.

Writing Quality Predictive Modeling: Integrating Register-Related Factors

The primary purpose of this study is to investigate the degree to which register knowledge, register-specific motivation, and diverse linguistic features are predictive of human judgment of writing quality in three registers—narrative, informative, and opinion. The secondary purpose is to compare the evaluation metrics of register-partitioned automated writing evaluation models in three conditions: (1) register-related factors alone, (2) linguistic features alone, and (3) the combination of these two. A total of 1006 essays ( n = 327, 342, and 337 for informative, narrative, and opinion, respectively) written by 92 fourth- and fifth-graders were examined. A series of hierarchical linear regression analyses controlling for the effects of demographics were conducted to select the most useful features to capture text quality, scored by humans, in the three registers. These features were in turn entered into automated writing evaluation predictive models with tuning of the parameters in a tenfold cross-validation procedure. The average validity coefficients (i.e., quadratic-weighed kappa, Pearson correlation r, standardized mean score difference, score deviation analysis) were computed. The results demonstrate that (1) diverse feature sets are utilized to predict quality in the three registers, and (2) the combination of register-related factors and linguistic features increases the accuracy and validity of all human and automated scoring models, especially for the registers of informative and opinion writing. The findings from this study suggest that students’ register knowledge and register-specific motivation add additional predictive information when evaluating writing quality across registers beyond that afforded by linguistic features of the paper itself, whether using human scoring or automated evaluation. These findings have practical implications for educational practitioners and scholars in that they can help strengthen consideration of register-specific writing skills and cognitive and motivational forces that are essential components of effective writing instruction and assessment.

The relationship between frailty and HRQoL in elderly cardiovascular patients in Phase II Cardiac Rehabilitation

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: None. Background With an aging cardiovascular disease population, frailty is become an important prognostic factor in patients, which is associated with poor quality of life outcomes, such as fatigue, and decreased physical activity. However, the relationship between frailty and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in elderly patients undergoing cardiac rehabilitation (CR) remains unclear. Methods In this study, 217 patients (mean age: 74.6 ± 5.8 years; male: 67%) were recruited who participated in early phase II CR at a university hospital between November 2015 and December 2016. As part of the CR processed, patients were asked to complete the Kihon Checklist (KCL) and 36-Item Short Form Survey (SF-36). We divided patients into three groups according to their KCL results: the frailty group (n = 81; 37%), the pre-frailty group (n = 71; 32%), and the non-frailty group (n = 65; 29%). The three groups were compared based on their basic characteristics and SF-36 scores. Results Among the three groups, sex, body mass index, 6-minute walking distance (6MWD), hemoglobin level, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level varied significantly (p&amp;lt;0.05). The frailty group scored significantly lower than the other two groups on all items of the SF-36, the Physical Component Summary (PCS), and the Mental Health Component Summary (MCS) (p&amp;lt; 0.05). In all groups, the PCS scores were below the standardized mean scores. Interestingly, MCS score in the frailty group was below the standardized mean scores. Additionally, the significant correlations were found between the PCS and 6MWD in the non-frailty group (p=0.006, r=0.38) and pre-frailty group (p=0.002, r=0.52), but no correlation was found in the frailty group (p=0.14, r=0.22). On the other hand, there was no significant correlation between MCS score and 6MWD in all groups. Conclusions HRQOL as well as physical and mental domains declined in frail elderly patients undergoing CR, which suggests that an intervention program considering social life and daily roles is necessary.

VISIONARY-MS Top-line Results: A Phase 2, Randomized, Double-Blind, Parallel Group, Placebo-controlled Study to Assess the Safety and Efficacy of CNM-Au8, a Catalytically Active Gold Nanocrystal Suspension in Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis (PL5.005)

VISIONARY-MS Top-line Results: A Phase 2, Randomized, Double-Blind, Parallel Group, Placebo-controlled Study to Assess the Safety and Efficacy of CNM-Au8, a Catalytically Active Gold Nanocrystal Suspension in Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis (PL5.005)

Quality of life in patients with idiopathic ventricular arrhythmias treated at the Instituto Nacional Cardiovascular - INCOR

To describe the quality of life in patients with idiopathic ventricular arrhythmias treated at the Instituto Nacional Cardiovascular INCOR in Lima -Peru. . Analytical and cross-sectional study of patients with idiopathic ventricular arrhythmias treated by 3D ablation or antiarrhythmic therapy between July 2017 and December 2019 to whom the SF-36 health questionnaire was applied to assess quality of life related to health. Fifty-two patients with idiopathic ventricular arrhythmias were included (34 underwent 3D ablation, and 18 underwent antiarrhythmic therapy only). The percentage of recurrence (14.7% vs. 50%, p=0.01) and adverse effects (0% vs. 22.2%, p=0.011) were lower in the 3D ablation group compared to the antiarrhythmic group. The mean standardized scores obtained from the Spanish version of the Health Survey SF-36v2, applied to the 3D ablation and antiarrhythmic groups were 85.1 vs 68.4 (p<0.001), respectively. Were found statistically significant differences in 6 of the eight components that evaluate health-related quality of life: physical function (96.0 vs. 76.0, p<0.001), physical role (93.4 vs. 61.1, p<0.001), general health (74.5 vs. 47.4, p<0.001), vitality (69.9 vs 54.7, p=0.008), emotional role (92.2 vs. 77.8, p=0.006) and mental health (73.8 vs. 60, p<0.001). Patients with idiopathic ventricular arrhythmias who underwent 3D ablation have a higher mean standardized score for health-related quality of life.

The study of nurses’ knowledge and attitudes regarding pain management and control in emergency departments

BackgroundGiven the importance and pivotal role of nurses in pain management and control, this study was conducted to determine the nurses’ knowledge and attitudes toward in emergency departments.MethodsThis study was designed and conducted as a descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study. Nurses’ attitude and knowledge towards pain management and control and relationship between their demographic characteristics have been assessed. Nurse Attitude Survey (NAS) and Pain management and control principles assessment Test (PMPAT) questionnaires were used.ResultsTotally 400 volunteers, including 148 (37.2%) male and 250 (62.8%) female nurses recruited from 23 hospitals in East Azerbaijan, Iran, with a mean age of 30.88 years (± 6.04 SD) and age range between 22 and 53 years old. The crude mean score of participants’ knowledge of pain management and control was 12.51 (± 2.77 SD), and standardized mean score was 40.34 (± 8.92 SD), which was low at 84.8% and moderate in 15.3% of the participants. Older nurses and nurses who previously participated in pain retraining courses had significantly less knowledge about pain management and control (r= -0.104, P = 0.038), and (r= -0.148, P = 0.003) respectively. The crude mean score of participants’ attitudes toward pain control and management was 15.22 (± 2.56 SD), and standardized mean score was 60.87 (± 10.26 SD). Nurses’ attitudes have become more negative with the increase of their work experience (r = -0.168, P = 0.001), and previously participation in pain retraining courses (r =-0.207, P < 0.001). Older nurses and highly educated nurses had significantly more negative attitudes towards pain control and management (r = -0.153, P = 0.002), and (r= -0.126, P = 0.005), respectively.ConclusionsThe current study revealed that pain management and control knowledge in most emergency nurses was low, and most of them had a moderate attitude. We need more scientific and comprehensive pain management and control training courses to improve knowledge and attitude among health workers and nurses.

Cross-Cultural Adaptation and Validation of the Serbian Version of the Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia Scale.

The Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia (BACS) scale was developed for the assessment of cognitive function in patients with schizophrenia. The objective of this study was to cross-culturally adapt and validate the BACS in to the Serbian language. The study was conducted at the Laza Lazarevic Clinic for Mental Disorders and the Clinic for Psychiatry of the University Clinical Center of Serbia from March 2021 to January 2022. The study enrolled 61 inpatients diagnosed with schizophrenia and 61 healthy controls matched for age and sex. Compared with the healthy control group, the schizophrenia patient group had worse cognitive function in all dimensions measured using BACS (p < 0.001 for all measures). The mean standardized composite BACS score was z = -2.46, and symbol coding (z = -2.54) was the most deficient function. Principal component analysis suggests a two-factor structure, where the first factor consisted of loading the measures of verbal and working memory, attention, speed of information processing, and executive function, while the second factor regarded the loading of motor speed. Cronbach's alpha coefficient demonstrated an excellent level of internal consistency (0.798). These outcomes suggest that the Serbian BACS neurocognitive battery's psychometric properties are satisfactory, with good overall discriminant validity and high internal consistency. The Serbian BACS appears to be a quick and reliable neuropsychological instrument for evaluating global cognition in schizophrenia patients in Serbia.

Association of Perceived Neighborhood Health With Hypertension Self-care

Hypertension self-management is recommended for optimal blood pressure (BP) control, but self-identified residential contextual factors that hinder hypertension self-care are understudied. To quantify perceived neighborhood health and hypertension self-care and assess interactions with the area deprivation index (ADI) and healthy food availability at home. A cross-sectional study was conducted in Baltimore, Maryland, including primary care adults enrolled in the Achieving Blood Pressure Control Together trial between September 1, 2013, and June 30, 2014. Participants were Black and had at least 2 BP readings greater than or equal to 140/90 mm Hg in the 6 months before enrollment. Analyses were conducted from August 5, 2021, to January 28, 2022. Participants' perceived neighborhood health, defined as the mean standardized score across 4 subdomains of aesthetic quality, walkability, safety, and violence, with a higher score signifying better neighborhood health. Hypertension self-care behavior and self-efficacy. Multivariable generalized linear models were fit regressing each outcome on perceived neighborhood health (higher scores on each domain signify better perceived neighborhood health), adjusted for confounders, and interaction terms between neighborhood health and potential modifiers (ADI [higher percentiles correspond to more deprivation] and healthy food availability [higher scores indicate greater availability]) of the primary association were included. Among 159 participants (median [IQR] age, 57 [49-64] years; mean [SD] age, 57 (11) years; 117 women [74%]), median (IQR) hypertension self-care behavior was 50 (45-56) and self-efficacy was 64 (57-72). Better perceived neighborhood health was associated with greater hypertension self-care behavior (β, 2.48; 95% CI, 0.63-4.33) and self-efficacy (β, 4.42; 95% CI, 2.25-6.59); these associations persisted for all neighborhood health subdomains except aesthetic quality. There were no statistically significant interactions between perceived neighborhood health or its subdomains with ADI on self-care behavior (P = .74 for interaction) or self-efficacy (P = .85 for interaction). However, better perceived neighborhood aesthetic quality had associations with greater self-care behavior specifically at higher healthy food availability at home scores: β at -1 SD, -0.29; 95% CI, -2.89 to 2.30 vs β at 1 SD, 2.97; 95% CI, 0.46-5.47; P = .09 for interaction). Likewise, associations of perceived worse neighborhood violence with lower self-care behavior were attenuated at higher healthy food availability at home scores (β for -1 SD, 3.69; 95% CI, 1.31-6.08 vs β for 1 SD, 0.01; 95% CI, -2.53 to 2.54; P = .04 for interaction). In this cross-sectional study, better perceived neighborhood health was associated with greater hypertension self-care among Black individuals with hypertension, particularly among those with greater in-home food availability. Thus, optimizing hypertension self-management may require multifaceted interventions targeting both the patients' perceived contextual neighborhood barriers to self-care and availability of healthy food resources in the home.

PD12 Quality Assessment Of Health Economic Evaluation On Screening Programs From China

IntroductionWith the increasing use of health economic evaluation (HEE) in decision-making and health resource allocation and management policy design has seen an increase in HEE studies on screening programs in China l. In addition to the quantity of HEE, the quality may be of particular concern as it influences the reliability of HEE evidence adopted in policy formulation. This study sought to assess the reporting quality of HEE on screening programs over the last 20 years in China and identify potential predictors and relevant recommendations to improve the quality of study reporting.MethodsA search of HEE studies published in PubMed, Embase, CNKI and WANFANG from 2000 to 2021 was performed. Two reviewers independently extracted data and assessed the quality if reporting using the 24 item Consolidated Health Economic Evaluation Reporting Standards (CHEERS) checklist. The CHEERS score for each study was converted into standardized 0-1 point scale. General liner regression was used to identify predictors associated with the reporting quality.ResultsOne hundred and thirty-three studies met the inclusion criteria. The mean standardized score for the included studies was 0.56 (title), 0.64 (abstract), 0.74 (introduction), 0.58 (methods), 0.40 (results), 0.70 (discussion), and 0.54 (other section). The number and reporting quality of articles published each year showed an overall upward trend. A greater proportion of studies were published in Chinese journal (69.2%), modelling-based (54.9%), conducted by universities/research institutions (45.9%), focused on non-infectious disease (84.2%), using cost-effectiveness analysis method (50.4%), published in non-specialty journal (60.2%), and declaring the funding support (76.7%). Items related to study perspective, discount rate, measurement of effectiveness, currency and price, analytical methods, uncertainty, heterogeneity and conflicts were under-reported. Published year, journal type, first author affiliation and economic evaluation type predicted higher score in regression analyses (p&lt;0.05).ConclusionsOverall, the quantity and quality of HEE on screening programs in China is improving, although there is a need to improve the use of on specific reporting items in the CHEERS criteria. The use of suitable evaluation guidelines will make the decision-making process more scientific.