Standard Variety Research Articles

New winter common wheat variety ‘Saban’ for the middle Volga Region

Winter wheat in the Republic of Tatarstan is sown annually on an area of more than 300 K hectares. The purpose of the current work was to develop a new variety ‘Saban’ and characterize its ability to produce high yields and grain quality in the northern regions of the Middle Volga region. The study was conducted on the fields of the Tatarsky RIA, SSU of the FRC KazRC of RAS in 2020–2022. Seeds were laid in ‘black’ fallow at the optimal time. The variety ‘Saban’ was developed by the method of individual selection from a hybrid population obtained from crossing the varieties ‘Kazanskaya 285’ and ‘Bezenchukskaya 380’. On average, over three years of testing, winter resistance was 88 %, and the plant height was 74 cm, which is 9.7 cm lower than that of the standard variety ‘Kazanskaya 560’. Lodging resistance was 8.7 points with a coefficient of variation of 6.66 %. The variety ‘Saban’ is of the intensive type, responsive to the application of complex fertilizers. The variety was better than the standard variety ‘Kazanskaya 560’ in productivity by 0.64 t/ha. Under arid conditions of 2021 the variety yielded 4.20 t/ha, which was 0.65 t/ha more than the standard variety did. This result was due to the productive stem density and a large number of grains per ear. The variety produced heavy kernels, its nature weight was 770–802 g/l. Crude protein percentage in grain ranged from 13.2 % to 15.2 %, and gluten varied from 27.0 % to 29.7 %. The variety formed high indicators of rheological qualities, such as 301 u.a. of flour strength, and 59 % of valorimetric estimation. The general baking assessment for three years of study was 4.5 points. The variety can be recommended for cultivation in the Middle Volga region of the Russian Federation from 2024.

Physicochemical properties of grain of promising winter durum wheat varieties and lines in the south of the Rostov region

The most important thing in the production of durum wheat is to obtain high-quality grain. In this regard, in the Rostov Region, there has been studied the physical and chemical properties of this crop and identified several sources for high-quality grain breeding. The objects of study were 30 winter durum wheat varieties and lines of our own breeding, with the standard variety ‘Kristella’. Large grain (1000-grain weight over 40 g) was formed by 12 winter durum wheat samples. According to the GOST, 26 varieties and lines (770–809 g/l) belonged to the 1st class of grain. In 2021–2023, grain hardness varied from 69 % to 93 %. This trait was influenced by weather conditions during the years of study, grain with large hardness (100 %) was formed in the favorable 2022, in 2023 the grain was floury (51 %). The protein percentage in grain varied over the years from 13.70% in 2022 to 14.91 % in 2021. The mean gluten content of winter durum wheat samples was consistently high over the years and ranged from 28.0 % (2022) to 30.1 % (2021). The mean carotenoid content over the years varied significantly from 472 μg/% (2023) to 718 μg/% (2021). There were significant fluctuations among the samples. Due to the diversity of weather conditions during the years of study, there have been identified 6 winter durum wheat varieties and lines ‘Diona’, ‘Dinas’, ‘Pridonie’, ‘691/20’, ‘390/20’, ‘1377/20’ according to the complex of physical and chemical properties.

Morpho-biological study of the grain sorghum collection of the fsbsi «ARC «Donskoy»

The current paper has presented the estimation results of the grain sorghum varieties and samples in a collection nursery. The purpose of the study was to analyze the collection material of grain sorghum and select the best variety samples for breeding work. The study of the samples was carried out in the laboratory for grain sorghum breeding and seed production of the FSBSI “ARC “Donskoy” in 2020–2023. The objects of the study were 40 grain sorghum samples and varieties. Morphometric analysis was carried out according to the methods presented by B.A. Dospekhov (2014). The variety ‘Zernogradskoe 88’ was used as a standard one. During the analysis, there have been identified the samples that exceeded the standard variety in 1000-grain weight, number of grains per panicle, and productivity per plot. According to productivity there have been identified such samples as ‘Milo 168/Combeine 7078’, ‘No. 93-23-13’, ‘Hegari’, ‘Kitayskoe 3’, ‘DN – 33f’, ‘D.D. Yellow Sooner Milo-2501’, ‘No. 50-13’, which produced over 600 g/m2. According to 1000-grain weight, the sample ‘No. 61-13’ was of the greatest breeding value with a 1000-grain weight of 39.3 g. According to number of grains per panicle the variety ‘Kitayskoe 3’ was the best with 2324 pcs. The identified samples have been recommended for use in breeding programs as grain sorghum sources.

Productivity and grain quality of hulled and hulles oat varieties in the middle Volga Region

Along with hulled oats, hulles oats are increasingly used in the processing industries, both for feed and food purposes without preliminary hulling. In the Middle Volga region, in the conditions of a sharply continental climate, the cultivation of oats for feed and food purposes is difficult, therefore, breeding of highly productive oat varieties with grain quality for a specific area of use is promising. The purpose of the current study was to estimate productivity and grain quality of hulled and hulles oat varieties in the Middle Volga region. There has been found that during the years of study, hulled oat varieties produced the highest grain yield of 29.2 hwt/ha (a mean value among the varieties). The maximum grain yield was obtained in 2022 with 41.6–42.4 hwt/ha due to productive tillering (r = +0.72 at p < 0.05) and 1000-grain weight (r = +0.82 at p < 0.05). The variety ‘Sapsan’ was the best one in the group of hulled varieties with the best indicators of protein 14.6 %, starch 40.2 %, oil 5.3 % and grain nature weight 470 g/l with the lowest value of grain husk content; these oat varieties are preferable to grow for the production of feed and feed mixtures. In the group of hulles varieties, the mean productivity among the varieties varied at the level of the standard variety ‘Persheron’ and was 16.8 hwt/ha. The largest productivity was formed by the varieties in 2023 with 24.6-24.7 hwt/ha and it was due to productive tillering (r = +0.68 at p < 0.05) and grain weight per ear (r = +0.80 at p < 0.05). Hulles oat varieties with a high content of protein 18.7 %, starch 53.0 %, oil 6.4 %, low amylolytic activity of grain 323 s and grain nature weight 597 g/l, corresponding to the requirements of GOST 28673-2019 are suitable for food purposes (groats production, functional products, bakery).

Physiological estimation of heat and drought resistance at the initial stages of winter barley ontogenesis

Drought and heat stress have significant effects on plant growth and productivity. In the natural environment, these abiotic stresses often occur simultaneously, which amplifies their negative effects. Therefore, understanding heat and drought influence on plant growth and productivity is particularly valuable. Winter barley, compared to other winter grain crops, is characterized by a relatively high resistance to moisture deficiency in soil and the effect of relatively high air temperatures. The current paper has highlighted the study of physiological indicators of winter barley resistance to moisture deficiency and high temperature effect. There have been presented the results of laboratory study for the period of 2022–2023. Identification of drought and heat resistance was carried out in the initial period of plant development on 100 winter barley samples of local selection and the VIR collection. The purpose of the study was to identify winter barley resistance to high temperatures and moisture deficiency using a set of laboratory methods. There has been studied the effect of sucrose solution of different concentrations (8, 12 and 14 atm.) and ambient temperature (52 and 54 °C) on the ability of seed germination under stress conditions. During the trials, there has been identified the best differentiation of resistance values under osmotic stress (8 atm.) and temperature (-54 °C). There have been identified the samples ‘Step’ (211.9 rel. units) and ‘HVW 36/72’ (157.9 rel. units) combining high resistance to osmotic and thermal stress, which reliably exceeded the values of the standard variety ‘Timofey’ by 25.3–79.3 rel. units.

Between formal and informal standards.

This article presents results from an explorative comparative study on ‘double standard’ constellations in French, German and (Brazilian) Portuguese. The concept of 'double' or even ‘multiple standards’ is based on the observation that many current standard languages are not homogeneous. Rather, the divergence of written and spoken standards, the emergence of informal standards and pluricentric/pluriareal situations have often resulted in the coexistence of different standard varieties/standard language registers. The aim of our study is to identify and discuss ‘double standard’ situations in three major languages against the background of the respective standardisation histories and current developments. Despite their different standardisation ages, ‘double standard’ constellations have emerged in all three languages, firstly, between written and spoken standard varieties, and, secondly, between different spoken registers – albeit with very different manifestations, ranging from a continuum between formal and informal registers (French) and the emergence of a ‘Neo-standard’ (with regional features) parallel to a conservative spoken standard (German) to the increasing integration of informal registers into a post-colonial standard variety (Portuguese in Brazil). In all three cases, the developments in the spoken standard can be seen as a process of demotisation. Although informal registers have become increasingly prevalent, the popular idea of a ‘best language’ remains unchallenged.

(Dis)empowering native speakers? Teachers’ perceptions in Malta

Abstract The article explores the perceptions of English language teachers in Malta with respect to native English-speaking teachers. It discusses the results of a small-scale study involving interviews with teachers working in a boutique English language school. Although the participants acknowledge English’s global significance, the idea of NS supremacy persists. Malta’s colonial heritage reinforces the authority belonging to the NS and influences teachers’ perceptions, with those participants hailing from former colonies struggling with how the NS/NNS dichotomy affected their self-perception. The study discusses the enduring power of the standard varieties possessing prestige, and how British colonialism still impacts teachers’ perceptions. It emphasizes the duty to oppose native-speakerism and promote teachers’ cultural diversity. Finally, the article underscores the necessity for further teacher professional development tailored to the changing Maltese multilingual context amid English’s transformation from the language of power to a lingua franca.

Genetic variability, character association and path analyses effects on fiber yield and yield attributing morpho-agronomic traits of tossa jute (Corchorus olitorius L.)

Jute (Corchorus spp.) is a natural fiber crop having a lower extent of genetic variability due to its self-pollinating nature. The success of any breeding program for variety development primarily depends on the presence of genetic variation in the parental genotypes. A field experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design at ManikganjStation of Bangladesh Jute Research Institute (BJRI) during 2019-2020. The genetic divergence of 58 tossa jute (C. olitorius) genotypes including two pre-released standard varieties (O-9897, BJRI Tossa pat 4) and 56 accessions were studied to select genotypes having the most divergence in natural rainy condition. The jute genotypes were categorized into five clusters based on Mahalanobis D2 analysis. Cluster I and IV showed maximum inter-cluster distance (181.44) while the maximum intra-cluster distance (16.15) was recorded in cluster I. Cluster V revealed the highest values for number of nodes, stem mid-diameter, core diameter, green weight with leaves, dry stick weight and dry fiber weight per plant while cluster IV showed higher means for plant height, green bark thickness and leaf area. The highest contribution (47.14%) was wielded by plant height of total deviations. The results recommended that hybridization between genotypes of cluster V, IV and III could provide a wide range of discrepancies in the segregating generation which could offer chance for isolation of good genotypes with high fibre yielding lines.

Economic and biological assessment of a new medium-ripened variety of soft winter wheat Priazovye

Relevance. In the Russian Federation, winter common wheat is the main food and strategic crop. Permanent improvement of productivity and quality of wheat grain, reducing its production costs is the main task of agricultural production. To solve this problem, the leading place is given to the continuous and constant creation and introduction into production of new competitive wheat varieties, highly adapted to stress factors, with guaranteed high yields and high grain quality.Methods. The research was carried out in the southern zone of the Rostov region at the experimental sites of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution ANTS “Donskoy” in 2021–2023 in order to create a new variety of soft winter wheat capable of forming not only high yields, but also having high frost resistance, drought resistance, resistance to leaf diseases, possessing high rheological and technological properties of grain and flour.Results. The winter common wheat variety Priazovie was developed by stepwise hybridization using the varieties Voyazh and Tanya. This is a highly productive variety. On average, over three years (2021–2023) of study in the competitive variety testing, the productivity of the variety laid in green manure fallow was 9.88 t/ha, exceeding that of the standard variety by 1.56 t/ha. The variety is capable of producing high yields after various forecrops. The maximum productivity of the variety (12.23 t/ha) was obtained in green manure fallow in 2022. The variety forms a high stem capacity (up to 800 pcs/m²), and is characterized by high resistance to the main leaf diseases, such as powdery mildew, brown and yellow mildew, loose smut, leaf blotch, etc. According to the main indicators of grain and flour quality, it belongs to valuable wheat, in terms of frost resistance (73.3%) it surpasses the standard Ermak variety (69.2%).

Development and evaluation of a new winter bread wheat variety Rubin Dona according to the main economically valuable traits

Relevance. The development of new varieties and their rapid introduction into production remains the most effective resource for improving productivity, energy saving, profitability and competitiveness. The purpose of the current study was to develop the winter bread wheat variety Rubin Dona and evaluate its productivity and basic adaptive, technological, and baking properties.Methods. The current study was carried out in the fields of research crop rotation of the department of winter wheat breeding and seed production in 2018–2023. The variety was developed by the method of intravarietal hybridization using the productive and adaptive variety Nakhodka as a maternal form and the high-quality strong wheat variety Donskaya Yubileynaya as a paternal form and a subsequent individual selection.Results. There has been established that the variety Rubin Dona has a high and stable level of productivity. For 6 years of competitive variety testing the mean productivity of the variety sown in green manure fallow was 9.45 t/ha with the minimum of 6.77 t/ha and the maximum of 11.80 t/ha, compared to the standard variety Ermak with 8.80, 6.06 and 11.21 t/ha, respectively. The variety Rubin Dona sown after various forecrops also demonstrates a reliable and stable productivity increase to the standard, 0.67 t/ha after maize for grain, 0.79 t/ha after peas, 0.62 t/ha after sunflower, 0.77 t/ha after winter wheat. There has been revealed that the advantage of the new variety, which provides high and stable yields, is its high environmental resistance to regional soil and climatic conditions such as drought, low temperatures, spring frosts, diseases, and lodging. The variety has lower indicators of the coefficient of variation, factor of stability (FS), yield range (d) with a high level of realization of productivity potential in comparison with both the standard variety Ermak and the highly productive variety Razdolie, which has a contrasting periods of heading and ripening. The technological and baking properties of the new variety are of high quality and meet the requirements of GOST-9353-2016 referring to the first class. Since 2023, by decision of the State Commission of the Russian Federation for testing and protection of breeding achievements, the variety has been included in the State List of the varieties approved for use in the Central Blackearth (5) and Lower Volga (8) regions.

Comparison of residual heterosis in F2 and F3 segregating generations of Indian Mustard [Brassica juncea (L.) Czern & Coss.] crosses

Abstract The present investigation was undertaken to study the residual heterosis in F2 and F3 populations of Indian mustard [Brassica juncea (L.) Czern & Coss.]. The study material included eight parents and the 28 crosses of Indian mustard in two generations, namely F2 and F3. The experiment was conducted over two years at Uttar Banga Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Cooch Behar, West Bengal, during Rabi season 2020-21 and 2021-22. Out of the 28 crosses, three crosses namely, Npj-194 × DRMR-15-16, Npj-194 × RW- 85-59 (Sarma) and Npj-194 × SKJM-05 were found to show significantly positive residual standard heterosis over the standard variety (SKJM-05) for both the characters siliquae per plant and seed yield per plant. This provides us evidence that by improving siliquae per plant, the character seed yield per plant can be improved. The promising cross populations which have shown significant standard heterosis for seed yield in F2 and F3, can be utilized for the development of hybrid varieties, which would be very much beneficial to the marginal farmers of our country as they would be able to use the F2 and F3 seeds of the hybrid varieties without any compromise with seed yield. Keywords: Residual relative heterosis, Residual heterobeltiosis, Residual standard heterosis, Indian Mustard, Segregating generations

Exploitation of heterosis in chilli using genetic male sterile lines for red fruit yield with special reference to high rainfall conditions

High-quality red/dry chilli for spice, pharmaceutical and medicinal purposes is a major goal in chilli breeding. The male sterile lines have greater potential for the exploitation of heterosis in chilli to achieve this objective. Genetic male sterile lines with special traits like destalking and ability to withstand high rainfall were involved in heterosis breeding to identify hybrids for commercial and industrial purposes. Forty F1 hybrids were developed by crossing 4 diverse GMS lines with 10 testers using Line × Tester mating design to estimate heterosis, combing ability and gene action. The experiment involving 14 parents and 40 F1s, along with standard variety ‘CH-27’ was laid out in α-lattice square design in three replications during summer 2020 and 2021. The GMS lines MS 9-2 and MS 26-1 along with testers DPCh 10, VVG, DPCh 40 and Him Palam Mirch-2 showed significant GCA for marketable red/dry fruit yield and majority of their component traits. Ten F1 hybrids were identified with superiority for fruit yield based on mean performance, significant heterosis and SCA effects, providing an opportunity to utilize them in value-added products and dried spice purposes viz., MS 9-2 × HPM-2, MS 11-2 × DPCh 40, MS 9-2 × DPCh 40 and MS 9-2 × DPCh 101 with erect fruiting habit and that of MS 9-2 × DPCh 10, MS 26-1 × DPCh 10, MS 9-2 × PBC 535, MS 26-1 × VVG, MS 29-2 × DPCh 10 and MS 26-1 × DPCh 22- C with pendent fruits. The non-additive gene action was predominant in the expression of fruit yield, total red fruits/plant, oleoresin and capsanthin. A significant positive correlation among SCA, economic heterosis and per se performance is an indicative to identify superior hybrids. Multi-location testing of these hybrids shall pave way to exploit them commercially by making them available to the farmers.

A comparative analysis of the volatile profiles in the pulp of red-fleshed and standard orange varieties during fruit maturation

Kirkwood Navel and Ruby Valencia red-fleshed sweet oranges accumulate high concentrations of the carotenes phytoene, phytofluene and lycopene in the pulp. In order to gain insight into the parameters that influence fruit quality in these varieties, a comparative analysis of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the pulp of Kirkwood Navel and Ruby Valencia red-fleshed sweet oranges and their standard blond counterparts, Navel and Valencia, was performed during fruit development and ripening. A total of 95 VOCs were identified by HS-SPME/GC–MS during the ripening process. The observed differences in VOCs between red-fleshed and blond oranges were more closely related to the fruit ripening stage than to the genotype. However, two distinctive common features were identified in both red-fleshed oranges compared to their respective standard varieties. These were lower levels of sesquiterpenes and higher levels of the norisoprenoids 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one and geranylacetone. These findings indicate that altered carotenoid metabolism in red-fleshed oranges not only affects flesh pigmentation but also leads to changes in specific VOCs that may influence flavor perception.

Influence of phosphorous fertilizer on mineral nutrition and yield attributes of wheat: Acquisition with PSTOL1 gene for arid environment

To boost agricultural yields, understanding mineral nutrition’s reliance on fertilizers is crucial, underscoring the need to evaluate nutrient-use efficiency for optimal fertilization. In this regard, a field study was conducted to elaborate the role of phosphorus fertilizer in enhancing growth, yield and marginal rate of return in four wheat varieties; two Zn-biofortified (Zincol-2016 and Akbar-2019) and two standard types (Anaj-2017 and FSD-2008). The study revealed that application of phosphorus significantly enhanced the uptake of nitrogen (N), phosphorous (P) and potassium (K) contents in straw (13 %, 59 % and 79 %) and grains (63 %, 92 % and 28 %) respectively. Similarly, the contents of Zinc (Zn) and iron (Fe) were reduced in straw (23 % and 19 %) and grains (19 % and 18 %) respectively after application of 80 and 120 kg P2O5, however at 40 kg P2O5 the contents of Zn and Fe were slightly enhanced. The grain yield (21 %) and harvest index (11 %) was maximum at 80 kg P2O5 as compared to 40 and 120 kg P2O5. The Marginal rate of return over investment (MRR) in P2O5 was maximum (241 %) in Akbar-2019 when P-fertilizer was applied at the rate of 80 kg P2O5 per ha−1. Regression analysis showed a positive correlation between grain yield and its determinants. Biofortified wheat varieties responded better to 80 kg P2O5, outperforming standard varieties in yield. Additionally, our findings demonstrate a significant upregulation of PSTOL1 gene expression at 80 kg P2O5 level. Concludingly the application of P-fertilizer at the rate of 80 kg P2O5 per ha−1 enhanced growth, yield and rate of return of testing wheat varieties especially the biofortified ones; Zincol-2016 and Akbar-2019.

Problems and effectiveness of breeding of winter wheat varieties with increased environmental stability

Aim. The search of adaptive response peculiarities to adverse environmental factors is an important condition of development of varietal technologies and control of adaptive potential of winter wheat varieties. Methods. The studies were carried out in accordance with the field test methodology. The wheat varieties of different types of growing, different genetic and ecological origins were studied. Results. The alternative variety Clarisa and the new universal varieties of winter wheat Perlyna, Askaniyska, Askaniyska Bereginya were characterized by the highest yield at different times of spring vegetation recovery. Thus, on average over the years of research, they exceeded the standard variety of Kherson Bezosta by 0.51–1.27 t/ha in terms of yield, and under unfavorable conditions of the late recovery of spring vegetation, their advantage was at the level of 0.58–1.34 t/ha. Conclusions. For stable production of high-yielding winter soft wheat grain, use new varieties of the universal type Askaniyska, Askaniyska Bereginya, Perlyna and alternative types Clarissa, Solomia for different agrophones for late sowing periods according to different predecessors.

Analysis of Component of Genetic Variance, Combining Ability, Gene Action and Heterotic Response in Rice (Oryza sativa. L)

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is an important staple crop, particularly in Asia, where it feeds more than half the world's population. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) for nine traits in a rice breeding experiment with seven lines, three testers, 24 F1 hybrids, and two checks indicated significant variations between treatments, showing significant genetic diversity. General combining ability (GCA) effects revealed that line MTU 1010 and tester NDR 2026 had favorable GCA effects on grain yield per plant, but NDR 2064 and Barani Deep had negative effects. Three crosses, showed considerable favorable benefits on grain yield due to specific combining ability (SCA). Heterosis analysis identified promising crosses, including Gopal Bhag × Prakhar and NDR-2064 × NDR-2026, that demonstrated considerable positive heterosis above the parent and standard varieties Shushk Samrat and Ashwani. These findings emphasize the possibility of specific crosses to improve grain production in rice breeding efforts.

An integrative paradigm for building causal knowledge

AbstractA core aspiration of the ecological sciences is to determine how systems work, which implies the challenge of developing a causal understanding. Causal inference has long been approached from a statistical perspective, which can be limited and restrictive for a variety of reasons. Ecologists and other natural scientists have historically pursued mechanistic knowledge as an alternative approach to causal understanding, though without explicit reference to the requirements of causal statistics. In this paper, I describe the premises of an expanded paradigm for causal studies, the Integrative Causal Investigation Paradigm, that subsumes causal statistics and mechanistic investigation into a multi‐evidence approach. This paradigm is distinct from the one articulated by causal statistics in that it (1) focuses its attention on the long‐term goal of building causal knowledge across multiple studies and (2) recognizes the essential role of mechanistic investigations in establishing a causal understanding. The Integrative Paradigm, consequentially, proposes that there are multiple methodological routes to building causal knowledge and thus represents a pluralistic perspective. This paper begins by describing the crux of the problem faced by causal statistics. To understand this problem, it should be recognized that the word causal has multiple meanings and a variety of evidential standards. An expanded vocabulary is developed so as to reduce ambiguities and clarify critical issues. I further show by example that there is an important ingredient typically omitted from consideration in causal statistics, which is the known information related to the mechanisms underlying relationships being evaluated. To address this issue, I describe a procedure, Causal Knowledge Analysis, that involves an evaluation and compilation of existing evidence indicative of causal content and the features of mechanisms. Causal Knowledge Analysis is applied to three example situations to illustrate the process and its potential for contributing to the development of causal knowledge. The implications of adopting the proposed paradigm and associated procedures are discussed and include the potential for advancing ecology, the potential for clarifying causal methodology, and the potential for contributing to predictive forecasting.

Phenotypic Diversity of Released South African Bred Potato Varieties for Tuber Yield and Processing Quality

Abstract Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is a nutritious starchy tuber crop consumed as a staple food in most potato growing countries. Its productivity and production are limited by climate change; thus, it is of utmost importance to tap into the diversity of germplasm resources, therefore, diversifying the potato varieties available for production. The objectives of this study were to determine the phenotypic diversity among the selected Agricultural Research Council-Vegetable, Industrial and Medicinal Plants (ARC-VIMP) potato varieties for tuber yields and processing quality and to determine the correlation between measured traits. Two imported and 22 local potato varieties were planted in three different environments in South Africa. Significant (P < 0.001) differences in the tested varieties across all environments were observed for all measured traits. High broad-sense heritability (> 0.6) was observed for most of the traits, except for fry colour and the yield of unmarketable tubers. Nine ARC varieties and three standard varieties were associated with high tuber yield and quality traits, indicating their suitability for the fresh market and processing industry. Variety Mondial and five ARC varieties were associated with high tuber yield, indicating their suitability for the fresh market. Varieties released between 2004 and 2021 had high tuber yield, dry matter and specific gravity compared to the standard varieties and varieties released between 1980 and 1999, although there were slight differences in the magnitudes of their traits measured. These varieties could be recommended for commercial production for specific markets and for use as potential parents for further genetic improvement of the potato crop.

Durum wheat from North African countries (Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia, Egypt) in the southern planar zone of the Dagestan Republic conditions

In 2022-2023 at the Dagestan experimental station of the All-Russian Research Institute branch, under irrigated conditions during winter sowing 615 samples of durum wheat from North African countries (Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia, Egypt) were studied for a set of breeding valuable traits (earliness, resistance to fungal diseases, productivity, height plants, lodging, number of grains per ear, weight of grain per ear and weight of 1000 grains). Standard varieties are k-66674 Odari, k-67482 Yarina (Krasnodar region), k-32453 Derbentskaya black-eared (Dagestan). Productive durum wheat varieties with high adaptive potential have been identified (k-16221, k-16242 and k-54550 from Algeria), which can be used for genetic research and in practical breeding to improve existing varieties and create new ones.

Research of a spring soft wheat collection material based on ear’s structure and grain quality elements

In modern conditions of high intensification of agriculture, the key task at all stages of development is to increase the volume of grain produced. This requires constant improvement of the varietal composition of production fields. When creating a new variety, it is necessary to comprehensively study the collection nursery for parental forms of important elements of grain structure and quality. In these scientific studies, 32 varieties of spring soft wheat were studied at the Institute of Seed Production and Agricultural Technologies in the Ryazan region. Standard variety Agata. From the studied varieties, the following varieties were identified: by the length of the ear Arsei, Margarita, Simbirtsit, Uralosibirskaya, Darnitsa, which are 19.5–31.2% higher than the standard, by the number of grains KVS Torridon, KVS Aquilon, Margarita, Ethos, Ekada 70, Odeta, and Kinelskaya Otrada, Uralosibirskaya, Darnitsa, Hercules exceeds the standard by 5.29–36.77%, by weight of grain per ear KVS Akvilon, KVS Torridon, Odeta, Margarita, Simbirtsit, Kalispero, Mary, Hercules, Uralosibirskaya, Ethos, Darnitsa, Kinelskaya Otrada, Kazan Yubileinyaya with indicators above the standard by 1.88–20.63%, in terms of protein content in grain Zlata, Novosibirskaya 29, Uralosibirskaya, Siberian Alliance, Sable, Chelyaba 2 above the standard by 0.42–2.01%, according to the gluten content in grain Novosibirskaya 29, Sable, Chelyaba 2 is 2.5–3.2% higher than the standard; by weight of 1000 grains Odeta, Siberian Alliance, Margarita, Simbirtsit, Burlak is 2.5–3.2% higher than the standard.