Standard System Research Articles

A deterministic mathematical model with non-linear least squares method for investigating the transmission dynamics of lumpy skin disease

Lumpy skin disease (LSD) is an economically significant viral disease of cattle caused by the lumpy disease virus (LSDV) which is primarily spread mechanically by blood feeding vectors such as particular species in flies, mosquitoes and ticks. Despite efforts to control its spread, LSD has been expanding geographically, posing challenges for effective control measures. This study develops a Susceptible-Exposed-Infectious-Recovered-Susceptible (SEIRS) model that incorporates cattle and vector populations to investigate LSD transmission dynamics. The model considers the waning rate of natural active immunity in recovered cattle, disease-induced mortality, and the biting rate. Using a standard dynamical system approach, we conducted a qualitative analysis of the model, defining the invariant region, establishing conditions for solution positivity, computing the basic reproduction number, and examining the stability of disease-free and endemic equilibria. We employ a non-linear least squares method for model calibration, fitting it to a synthetic dataset. We subsequently test it with actual infectious cases data. Results from the calibration and testing phases demonstrate the model’s validity and reliability for diverse settings. Local and global sensitivity analyses were conducted to determine the model’s robustness to parameter values. The biting rate emerged as the most significant parameter, followed by the probabilities of infection from either population and the recovery rate. Additionally, the waning rate of LSD infection-induced immunity gained positive significance in LSD prevalence from the beginning of the infectious period onward. Simulation results suggest reducing the biting rate as the most effective LSD control measure, which can be achieved by applying vector repellents in cattle farms/herds, thereby mitigating the disease’s prevalence in both cattle and vector populations and reducing the chances of infection from either population. Furthermore, measures aiming to boost LSD infection-induced immunity upon recovery are recommended to preserve the immune systems of the cattle population.

Artificial Intelligence: A Quick Overview of Speech Recognition System

Abstract: The study of intelligent behaviour is known as artificial intelligence. Wagner said, "We build intelligent machines in science." By this, he implied that the primary goal is to teach these sophisticated devices, such as computers, to examine and comprehend human conduct. numerous believed that human intelligence might be understood through the construction of several programmes, while other researchers believed that numerous basics should be required in order to accomplish the intended objective. We can carry out or replicate any type of task we conduct using a computer. Therefore, computers are the ideal devices for developing artificial intelligence. In the hopes that they will outperform computers in several other areas, some researchers created additional computing devices. Billions of dollars were invested in creating new devices that surpassed the speed of the computer used to simulate software. However, the computers and the code both need to be extremely quick. As you learn about artificial intelligence, you may wonder, what really is intelligence? How is intelligence measured? Turn become something quite significant. In this case, the programme that evaluates its surroundings acts as the intelligent agent. Modern digital computers and human minds are comparable to one other in ways such as symbolic information processing systems. Both use symbolic data as input, change it in accordance with predetermined guidelines, and then use the results to solve issues. In order to mechanically replicate intelligent human activity, artificial intelligence researchers have programmed some algorithms to recognise intelligent human behaviour. Human conduct in language processing, chess, and other games, as well as medical diagnostics, may be used to monitor this activity. Voice recognition is a key component of AI. A certain voice may be recognised using voice recognition technology. The cornerstone for speaker identification is voice signals. Voice targeting is applicable to a wide range of applications, including voice mail, database access, phone banking, and phone purchasing. The ability to enter one's voice for verification is among the most potent uses of voice recognition for security. The fundamental means of interpersonal communication is speech. The technique of translating voice sounds into appropriate text is known as speech recognition. Over the past few years, speech recognition technology has advanced significantly. Nonetheless, there are other significant study obstacles, such as variations in speaker and language, ambient sound, word size, etc. This study aims to give a comprehensive overview of speech acceptance by summarising the several approaches utilised in the standard speech system and describing the numerous processes involved

IOT Based- Smart Metering and Charging System for EV

Abstract: Electric vehicles often face concerns regarding overcharging, leading to detrimental outcomes like pollution, reduced hardware lifespan, and safety hazards. Unlike conventional fuels, electric vehicles lack standardized systems to regulate charging parameters and costs. This absence of fail-safe mechanisms can lead to overcharging, causing negative consequences without intervention. To tackle this issue, the project proposes an Arduino-based solution coupled with a relay sensor and dedicated application. This system aims to prevent overcharging, minimizing both financial and electrical wastage. The project serves as a compact prototype, offering a viable resolution to the problem of unregulated charging in electric vehicles.

Asymmetric distributed trust

AbstractQuorum systems are a key abstraction in distributed fault-tolerant computing for capturing trust assumptions. They can be found at the core of many algorithms for implementing reliable broadcasts, shared memory, consensus and other problems. This paper introduces asymmetric Byzantine quorum systems that model subjective trust. Every process is free to choose which combinations of other processes it trusts and which ones it considers faulty. Asymmetric quorum systems strictly generalize standard Byzantine quorum systems, which have only one global trust assumption for all processes. This work also presents protocols that implement abstractions of shared memory, broadcast primitives, and a consensus protocol among processes prone to Byzantine faults and asymmetric trust. The model and protocols pave the way for realizing more elaborate algorithms with asymmetric trust.

Implementation of Small-Scale Industries and Medium-Scale Industries using Agile Manufacturing in Different Methods

The overall market for current power gadgets and get-together structures with related organizations has a gigantic number of individuals with numerous things in different applications like social occasion parts, exhausting and material clearing. Clients are found in adventures like the auto business, off-turnpike vehicles, the equipment business, aeronautics, devices, the energy region, and general present-day get-togethers. In particular, the business area has been powerful in making advanced electric present-day contraptions and systems that assist clients with achieving getting according to their subtleties and cutoff missteps and breaks in progress. With a rising interest in electric vehicles, battery creation, and creating use of lighter materials, the auto business centres around imaginative party plans. The market demands new assembling developments, for example, controlling paste and sealants and self-infiltrating riveting. The market for machine vision ends up being continuously huge, driven by creating revenue in computerization, quality and proficiency in current creation. Machine vision courses of action are used in discrete creation, similar to the vehicle business, and conflicting cycle creation, similar to metal and paper creation, significant level material collecting, and sun-fueled chargers. Nimble Assembling and Nimble Gathering is a technique for making and Creating things in a manner that is more versatile and Flexible than Standard Systems. This implies Changing or Adjusting the Creation Communication Quickly and Actually to satisfy the Client's endless needs better. The Gathering System is working and has changed to a 21st-century technique. Expected to be Very Responsive. They license makers to rapidly answer changes, whether those changes are in client interest, advancement, or even the business place itself. Keywords—Agile Manufacturing. Organizations' names are PSR, ABC, and SRR veiled are be the Tainted level, and can't be revived since organizations are Coercion Objects are Situated in Mysore City (India).

Long-Term Multiyear Transmission Expansion Planning in Turkish Power System

To sustain the clean energy transition without interruption and to ensure the reliable operation of the transmission system, it is required to have enough additional transmission capacity in the future horizons. The transmission expansion planning (TEP) problem is a core issue in deciding additional transmission capacity in the planning activities. TEP aims to find the best expansion plan while satisfying technical and economic constraints. In this study, a new binary version of the original FBI algorithm called the BFBI (binary forensic-based investigation) algorithm is developed to solve the binary TEP problem. The effectiveness and performance of the developed BFBI are assessed by implementing it in two different test systems: the standard Garver 6-bus test system and the modified 400 kV Turkish grid. Seasonal scenarios are created for 5- and 10-year planning periods to cover all possible generation and load conditions and to assess the impact of the increased share of RES on the grid in the TEP studies conducted for the modified 400 kV Turkish grid created as a bulk realistic grid. The TEP problem is solved by including investment, reliability, and operational costs in two different objective functions for cases while considering the N-1 contingency criterion. The efficacy and robustness of the BFBI algorithm are justified by comparing it with well-known algorithms such as GA and PSO.

Head model dataset for mixed reality navigation in neurosurgical interventions for intracranial lesions

Mixed reality navigation (MRN) technology is emerging as an increasingly significant and interesting topic in neurosurgery. MRN enables neurosurgeons to “see through” the head with an interactive, hybrid visualization environment that merges virtual- and physical-world elements. Offering immersive, intuitive, and reliable guidance for preoperative and intraoperative intervention of intracranial lesions, MRN showcases its potential as an economically efficient and user-friendly alternative to standard neuronavigation systems. However, the clinical research and development of MRN systems present challenges: recruiting a sufficient number of patients within a limited timeframe is difficult, and acquiring low-cost, commercially available, medically significant head phantoms is equally challenging. To accelerate the development of novel MRN systems and surmount these obstacles, the study presents a dataset designed for MRN system development and testing in neurosurgery. It includes CT and MRI data from 19 patients with intracranial lesions and derived 3D models of anatomical structures and validation references. The models are available in Wavefront object (OBJ) and Stereolithography (STL) formats, supporting the creation and assessment of neurosurgical MRN applications.

Effectiveness of a novel integrated dilator-needle transseptal crossing device in atrial fibrillation cryoballoon ablation procedures

Abstract Background In cryoballoon ablation (CBA) procedures, left atrial (LA) access is generally achieved using a standard sheath and needle system that is exchanged for the cryoballoon delivery sheath and dilator over a long wire. Sheath exchange has been related with air embolic events in CBA procedures. A novel integrated dilator-needle system, that can be combined with the cryoballoon delivery sheath allowing direct LA transseptal access, was recently introduced. Figure. Objective The purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of this new integrated transseptal access tool compared with the traditional approach in CBA procedures. Methods In this prospective single-center study, consecutive patients who underwent AF CBA procedures were randomly assigned 1:1 to undergo traditional transseptal access (t-TSA) or integrated transseptal access (i-TSA). Patients with foramen ovale or interatrial communication, detected on transesophageal echocardiogram prior to the procedure, were excluded. Transseptal access time was defined as time from superior vena cava to LA insertion of the cryoballoon delivery sheath, after sheath exchange (t-TSA) or directly (i-TSA). Results We evaluated 82 patients (63 males, mean age 59 ± 10 years) indicated to CBA of atrial fibrillation, 42 patients underwent t-TSA and 40 i-TSA. The baseline characteristics of the study population were comparable between groups. Table. Mean CBS transseptal access time was 5 min 6 sec ± 2 min 5 sec in the t-TSA group and 3 min 5 sec ± 2 min 23 sec in the i-TSA group, P < 0.001. Challenging interatrial septa were noted in 3 patients: 1 in t-TSA (1 aneurysmal/elastic) and 2 in i-TSA group (1 lipomatous hypertrophy, and 1 abnormally thickened/fibrotic). No acute complications related to transseptal access were noted in both cohorts. The CBA procedure time and fluoroscopy time were lower in the i-TSA group. Table. There were 1 temporary phrenic nerve injury and 1 vascular complication, both in the t-TSA group. Importantly, no signs of clinical air embolism were noted in both groups. Conclusion This is the first randomized study comparing the traditional approach and the use of a new integrated dilator-needle system. Transseptal crossing in CBA procedures using this integrated tool enables a safe and more efficient workflow, reducing time for transseptal access and avoiding sheath exchange.FigureTable

Real-world insights on anticoagulation therapies in non-valvular atrial fibrillation: a comprehensive electronic health record-based study using natural language processing and machine learning

Abstract Background Limited evidence exists regarding real-world practices and outcomes of oral anticoagulation in patients with Non-Valvular Atrial Fibrillation (NVAF). Purpose To conduct a retrospective real-world data (RWD) study using Natural Language Processing (NLP) and Machine Learning (ML) on Electronic Health Records (EHRs) to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Direct Oral Anticoagulants (DOACs) and vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) in NVAF patients. Methods Retrospective study in 15 Spanish hospitals between 2014-2020 including adult NVAF patients treated with oral anticoagulants without anticoagulation history, recent thrombotic events, rheumatic mitral valvular heart disease, mitral valve stenosis, venous thromboembolism, nor pregnancy. We employed EHRead®, a free text analysis engine utilizing NLP and ML to extract RWD from EHRs based in SNOMED CT (standardized coding system). Free-text information was extracted and organized in an anonymized database for population-based descriptive and comparative analysis. After matching patients using propensity-score matching (PSM), we used Kaplan-Meier curves to compare VKA vs DOAC efficacy on thrombotic prevention, safety, and mortality. Results After evaluating 138,773,332 EHRs from 4.6 million patients, 44,292 NVAF patients were included; 35,267 (79.6%) treated with VKA and 9,025 (20.4%) with DOAC. Half of them were men (53.0%) with a mean (SD) age of 76.3 (12.7) years. VKA-treated patients tended to be older, with more cardiovascular comorbidities and higher CHA2DS2-VASc scores than DOACs-treated patients (Table 1). Using PSM, 8,930 patients were matched per subgroup with standardized mean differences below 10% for all confounders. The comparative analysis showed that DOAC-treated patients had a significant lower risk of thrombotic, minor bleeding events, and mortality than VKA-treated ones, with no significant differences in major bleeding (Figure 1). Conclusion The application of NLP and ML allowed us to create an extensive, plausible, and detailed database of Spanish NVAF patients from RWD in EHRs. In our cohort, we found a higher efficacy and lower mortality and minor bleeding events with DOACs over VKAs, without differences in major bleeding events. This study was sponsored by Pfizer and Bristol Myers Squibb. JCS, MA & CS were paid consultants to Pfizer and Bristol Myers Squibb in connection with the development of this abstract. CAC & LMS are employes of the SAVANA who were paid consultants to Pfizer and Bristol Myers Squibb in connection with the development of this abstract. DA & SFC are employees of Pfizer.Table 1Figure 1

Fast Photoactuation and Environmental Response of Humidity-sensitive pDAP-silicon Nanocantilevers.

Multi-responsive nanomembranes are a new class of advanced materials that can be harnessed in complex architectures for micro and nano-manipulators, artificial muscles, energy harvesting, soft robotics, and sensors. The design and fabrication of responsive membranes must meet such challenges as trade-offs between responsiveness and mechanical durability, volumetric low-cost production ensuring low environmental impact, and compatibility with standard technologies or biological systems. This work demonstrates the fabrication of multi-responsive, mechanically robust poly(1,3-diaminopropane) (pDAP) nanomembranes and their application in fast photoactuators. The pDAP films are developed using a plasma-assisted polymerization, technique that offers large-scale production and versatility of potential industrial relevance. The pDAP layers exhibit high elasticity with the Young modulus of about 7 GPa, and remarkable mechanical durability across 20 to 80°C temperatures. Notably, pDAP membranes reveal immediate and reversible contraction triggered by light, rising temperature, or reducing relative humidity underpinned by a reversible water sorption mechanism. These features enable the fabrication of photoactuators composed of pDAP-coated Si nanocantilevers, demonstrating milliseconds timescale response to light, tens of micrometers deflections, and robust performance up to kHz frequencies. Our results advance fundamental research on multi-responsive nanomembranes and hold the potential to boost versatile applications in light-to-motion conversion and sensing toward the industrial level. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

Vertical Agrivoltaics System on Arable Crops in Central France: Feedback of the First Year of Operation

Since the development of Agrivoltaics with panels placed above the plants, a new system is tested with vertical mounted bifacial photovoltaic panels, of which we present the results of the first year of two experimental sites. Such installations bring a lower shading level on the plant compared to fixed tilt or single axis tracking systems and could potentially suit fields with crops having low demands of shading. However, unlike more standard PV systems, few studies have detailed the effects of such devices on field crops. In this first experimental year, bifacial vertically mounted PV system showed interesting results with a stable or even a slight increase in annual crop yields. Also, harvest quality indicators are maintained or present favorable evolution indicating a high potential of vertical PV systems for Agrivoltaics.

Exploring and Analyzing a Hybrid PAPR Reduction Method for OFDM Optimization

Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) is a effective modulation technique widely used in modern communication systems, including 5G and wireless networks because of its high spectral efficiency and robustness towards multipath fading. However, OFDM signals are characterized by a high Peak-to-Average Power Ratio (PAPR), which can severely impact the power efficiency and operational cost of these systems. This research investigates and analyse effectiveness of two conventional PAPR reduction methods that is Selective Mapping (SLM), and Partial Transmit Sequence (PTS) with incorporating their approach of PAPR reduction to develop a hybrid variant: SLM-PTS. This study utilized MATLAB simulations to implement and test each PAPR reduction technique on a standard OFDM system model. Parameters such as the number of subcarriers, oversampling factor, and modulation types were systematically varied to analyze the impact on PAPR, BER, and computational complexity. The effectiveness of each technique was measured using the Complementary Cumulative Distribution Function (CCDF) of PAPR values and BER performance under different channel conditions. Key findings reveal that hybrid techniques, particularly SLM & PTS, offer significant improvements in PAPR reduction compared to traditional methods alone, without a corresponding increase in BER or computational overhead. The research underscores the potential of hybrid PAPR reduction techniques to significantly enhance the efficiency and reliability of OFDM systems. These findings have important implications for the design and optimization of next-generation wireless communication systems, suggesting that hybrid approaches can provide a balanced solution to the longstanding issue of PAPR in OFDM transmissions. This study contributes valuable insights into the practical application of combined PAPR reduction strategies, offering a pathway toward more power-efficient and robust OFDM technologies. Keywords : OFDM, PAPR, CCDF, SLM and PTS

Development of novel magnetorheological dampers with low-speed sensitivity for flying car suspensions

Abstract As urban traffic environments continue to grow in complexity, there is an urgent need for a versatile mode of transportation that seamlessly transitions between terrestrial and aerial mobility. In these conventional magnetorheological damper (CMRD), the magnetorheological (MR) fluid flowing through the narrow annular gap between the piston and cylinder in CMRD results in a damping force directly proportional to velocity. As velocity increases, the damping force rises sharply, posing a significant risk to the vehicle's mechanical structure and passenger safety. This velocity sensitivity restricts their applications primarily to standard commercial vehicle suspension systems. They face significant challenges when it comes to high-speed impact scenarios. To overcome this limitation, enhance the shock-absorbing capacity of flying cars, ensure passenger safety, and improve passenger comfort during the landing phase, this study introduces a novel magnetorheological damper (NMRD) with unique internal channel structure embedded in a circular permanent magnet. In road travel mode, flying cars equipped with NMRD can maintain a broad dynamic range. During the landing process with high-speed impact, the specialized channel activates to reduce the peak impact force effectively. This feature greatly expands the application range of magnetorheological dampers (MRD). The researches included simulations of the electromagnetic induction phenomenon within the piston, followed by numerical analyses and impact tests to compare the velocity sensitivity of these two distinct impact dampers. Experimental evaluations were conducted using a material testing system (MTS), the peak force and peak acceleration experienced by the two dampers during impact were tested using a dedicated drop hammer apparatus. These tests demonstrate that the NMRD exhibits superior impact resistance performance compared to CMRD. This highlights the promising potential for the NMRD's application within the suspension systems of flying cars.

Routing light with different wavevectors using synthetic dimensions

Synthetic dimensions have drawn intense recent attention in investigating higher-dimensional topological physics and offering additional degrees of freedom for manipulating light. It has been demonstrated that synthetic dimensions can help to concentrate light with different frequencies at different locations. Here, we show that synthetic dimensions can also route light from different incident directions. Our system consists of an interface formed by two different photonic crystals. A synthetic dimension ξ is introduced by shifting the termination position of the photonic crystal on the right-hand side of the interface. We identify a correspondence between ξ and the interface state such that light incident from a specific direction can be collected. Thus, routing incident light from different directions is achieved by designing an interface with a proper distribution of ξ. Traditionally, this goal is achieved with a standard 4f optical system using a convex lens, and our approach offers the possibility for such a capability within a few lattice sites of photonic crystals. Such an approach reduces the size of the system, making it easier for integration. Our work provides, to our knowledge, a new direction for routing light with different momentums and possibly contributes to applications such as lidar.

A Real-Time Zbus-based Method for Peer-to-Peer Energy Transactions in The Energy Internet

The Energy Internet (EI) has emerged as a promising field within smart grids, addressing capacity limitations and discrepancies in energy resources. It facilitates a peer-to-peer (P2P) energy trading environment for EI prosumers and consumers, reducing reliance on the main grid. To ensure an efficient P2P trading process, it is essential to route energy through the path with minimal power loss optimally. The Energy Router (ER) plays a pivotal role in governing power flow through EI. This paper presents the development of a novel real-time Zbus-based method for directing P2P energy transactions within the EI considering congestion management. The proposed method depends on bus impedance matrix in forming the routing matrix. Firstly, the ER’s structure and function are outlined in relation to the network, and then to design the EI’s topology using an adjacency matrix representation. Secondly, the proposed method methodology is presented in steps and explained on simple 7-bus microgrid. Additionally, a novel congestion management method is integrated into the routing algorithm, considering transmission line loading and available capacity during route selection. Furthermore, the paper applies a power flow technique to the selected routes to optimize power flow performance. The proposed method demonstrates enhanced directness and accuracy compared to existing approaches. Its efficiency is validated by testing a modified IEEE 14-bus system and the standard IEEE 30-bus system. Importantly, the method successfully identifies the minimum loss path, despite the unnecessity of power loss calculations in the routing algorithm. The key contribution of this research lies in providing a comprehensive and practical solution for P2P energy transactions in the EI, showcasing substantial improvements in accuracy, efficiency, and congestion management compared to previous methods.

The Performance of a Passive Autoranging Method for a Photonic Current Transducer.

This paper reports on the testing and evaluation of a passive autoranging (AR) method designed to dynamically extend the measurement range of a photonic current transducer (PCT) to pave the way toward a realization of a combined metering- and protection-class current sensor. The PCT utilizes a current transformer (CT), a piezoelectric transducer (PZT), and a fiber Bragg grating (FBG) to enable current measurement at multiple points in an electrical power network whereby multiple sensors are deployed and interrogated serially using a single optical fiber. The autoranging technique relies on incorporating static MOSFET switches to instantaneously short individual serially connected CT burdens in response to a measured current magnitude exceeding pre-set thresholds. The AR circuit switching events produce distinctive signal features that are used by the proposed switching algorithm to apply appropriate scaling factors to reconstruct the measured current from the optical signal. It is shown through laboratory experiments that the AR circuit correctly reacts to pre-set burden current thresholds of 130% of the nominal value and 22 times the nominal value, signifying its "metering" and "protection" range boundaries. The circuit reaction time is below 4 ms, rendering it suitable for standard power system protection purposes. Moreover, the operation of the AR circuit is demonstrated for burden currents of up to 100 A for over 1 s, satisfying a test procedure for the secondary CT circuit, as required by some power system operators. It is demonstrated that the proposed switching algorithm allows for a correct reconstruction of the burden currents from the optical signal acquired by the FBG interrogator, offering the potential to realize a dual-class optical current sensor.

An observational study on the safety of teprotumumab based on FAERS database.

Teprotumumab plays an important role in thyroid eye disease pathogenesis and progression. We intend to mine the adverse event (AE) signals from a relevant database, thereby contributing to the safe use of teprotumumab. The data obtained from the ASCII data packages in the FAERS database from January 2020 to the second quarter of 2023 were imported into the SAS software (version 9.4) for data cleaning and analysis. Disproportionality analysis was performed using the reporting odds ratio (ROR) in conjunction with the United Kingdom Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency (MHRA) omnibus standard method to detect positive signals. This retrospective observational study relied on adverse drug reactions reported to the FDA through FAERS, which is a standard public system for spontaneous reporting. Collectively, 2171 AE reports for teprotumumab were collected, among which 108 significant signals were identified involving 17 system organ classes. The SOC of ear and labyrinth disorders included the most AE signals and reports. Muscle spasms, fatigue, headache, nausea, diarrhea, alopecia, blood glucose increased, hypoacusis, tinnitus, and diabetes mellitus were the top ten PTs ranked by the frequency of reporting, meanwhile, the two high-strength signals of thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulin increase (ROR 662.89, 95% CI 182.40-2409.19) and gingival recession (ROR 125.13, 95% CI 79.70-196.45) were not documented in the drug instruction. Meanwhile, we found a higher risk of increased blood glucose, deafness, and decreased appetite for male patients, and headache for female patients. Clinical application of teprotumumab should be closely monitored for ototoxicity, nail abnormalities, and menstrual changes, as well as for AEs not mentioned in the drug instruction, including gingival recession, thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulin increase, and so on.

Integrating sustainability factors into corporate financial reporting in the modern ESG agenda context. Part 1

Subject. This article discusses innovations and trends in the development of corporate reporting standardization within the framework of the IFRS Foundation project and the initiative of the European Financial Reporting Advisory Group. Objectives. The article aims to reveal the essence of the main innovations and characterize the prospects for improving corporate financial reporting in the context of the development of ESG Standards by the International Sustainability Standards Board of the IFRS Foundation and the Task Force of the European Sustainability Reporting Standards Project. Methods. For the study, I used analysis and synthesis, comparison, and generalization. Results. Based on an analysis of the ESG agenda modern realities, the article identifies prerequisites and trends in the development of corporate reporting standardization in relation to the integration of sustainable development factors into financial reporting, and determines the impact of innovations of the two systems of sustainability reporting standards being developed on the informative and analytical value of corporate reporting. Conclusions and Relevance. The need to overcome the limitations and shortcomings of the GRI standards predetermined the development of two new systems of standards in the context of the ESG agenda modern realities. The International Sustainability Standards Board of the IFRS Foundation is developing standards designed to become a global framework for the disclosure of information on sustainable development, focused on the needs of investors and financial markets. The European Financial Reporting Advisory Group is developing European Sustainability Reporting Standards, which should cover a wide range of topics to meet the information needs of various stakeholders. New systems of ESG reporting standards are aimed at generating complete, coherent, comparable and verifiable information in the field of sustainable development. The research results obtained will contribute to the further promotion of sustainability reporting, improve corporate financial reporting practices by incorporating the impact of sustainability issues on value creation, and enhance stakeholder awareness and decision-making in a comprehensive and ESG-informed manner.

Sequestration of cyanide ions from aqueous medium by physio-chemically fabricated biochar of peels of banana and grape fruit in ecofriendly way

Pakistan is an agricultural country producing plenty of fruits, like: mango, banana, apple, peaches, grapes, plums, variety of citrus fruits including lemon, grapefruit, and oranges. So far the peels of most of the fruits are usually wasted and not properly utilized anywhere. In this work, the peels of banana and grapefruit are converted into biochar by slow pyrolysis under controlled supply of air and used for sequestering cyanide ions from aqueous medium after chemical modification with ZnCl2 and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). The modified biochar was characterized by various instrumental techniques, like: SEM, FTIR, TGA, and CHNS. Different parameters, like: time, temperature, pH, and dose of adsorbent affecting the adsorption of cyanide ions, onto prepared biochar were optimized and to understand the adsorption phenomenon, kinetic and thermodynamic studies were performed. Concentration of cyanide ions was estimated by employing standard ion selective electrode system and it is found that Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate treated biochar of banana peels shown more adsorption capacity, i.e.,: 17.080 mg/g as compared to all samples. Present work revealed that the biochar produced from the fruit waste has sufficient potential to eliminate trace quantities of cyanide from water, especially after treatment with sodium dodecyl sulfate.

Association Between Documented Intraoperative and Postoperative Adverse Events: An Analysis of Over 100,000 Surgical Trauma Cases

Abstract Background Intraoperative adverse events (iAEs) are common during surgical procedures. However, structured and comparable documentation often depends on the physician’s subjective assessment of each iAE. Aims The aim of this study was to validate the hypothesis that iAEs during surgical interventions are clearly associated with further postoperative complications and prolonged hospital stays. Methods We performed a retrospective analysis comparing surgical patients with and without any iAEs regarding postoperative outcomes during the hospitalization. We analyzed more than 100,000 patients with surgically treated injuries between January 2012 and December 2022 from over 70 institutions across Switzerland. Outcome parameters were further compared using a 1:1 case-control matching method, while controlling for same age, gender, main diagnosis and procedure. Results Regarding outcomes, patients with iAEs had a significantly longer duration of surgery (131 vs. 77 minutes), a prolonged length of hospital stay (10 vs. 8 days), a significantly higher need for an intensive care unit (ICU) stay of more than one day (7% vs. 3%), and a significantly higher rate of postoperative and procedure-associated complications (28% vs. 7%) than those without iAEs. The prolonged duration of surgery, length of stay, and postoperative and procedure-associated complications in the iAE group were also confirmed in the matched-pair analysis to be associated with poorer patient outcomes while controlling for significant characteristics. Conclusion In line with the current literature, our data show a clear relevance of iAEs as crucial factors for patient outcomes, manifesting in significantly longer durations of surgery, prolonged lengths of stay, and more postoperative complications, in a broad spectrum of surgical trauma procedures. We propose the mandatory documentation of iAEs through a standardized classification system, such as ClassIntra, and in accordance with the Intraoperative Complications Assessment and Reporting with Universal Standards (ICARUS) guidelines for clinical practice and surgical research.