Standard Solid-state Reaction Method Research Articles

Study of phase composition, microstructure and hardness of multicomponent zirconia-based ceramics

The manufacture of products from refractory ceramics requires high temperatures due to the high activation energies of the sintering process of refractory oxides. Processing temperatures for ceramics made of ZrO2, Al2O3, MgO can be reduced if a flux or glass-forming component is selected. Furthermore, in multicomponent ceramics it is possible to create more favorable thermoresistive properties. This study examines the synthesis, structural, phase and mechanical properties of multicomponent porous ZrO2-WO3-Al2O3-MgO ceramics with varying weight concentrations of components. Experimental samples were obtained by standard solid state reaction method. The analysis of fabricated samples was carried out using X-ray phase analysis, scanning electron microscopy and the Vickers microhardness test. In this work, a new approach to increasing the microhardness of porous refractory ceramics is presented, in which WO3-based flux forms a matrix composed of glass-like formations that “attach” particles of ZrO2 and MgAl2O4 phases. The obtained ceramics demonstrates high microhardness values HV0.05 for porous materials ranging from 500 to 600. Studies have shown that the selected composition of multicomponent ceramics (x = 0.10–0.25) can be used as a refractory material up to temperatures of ∼1300 °C. The fabricated refractory ceramics potentially possess chemical stability and optimal microhardness properties, which makes these materials promising as a heat insulating lining in the metals, ceramics and glass manufacturing, as well as for components in the chemical industry.

Low permittivity MgF2-LiF ceramics with ultra-low dielectric loss for ULTCC applications

In this work, MgF2–xwt%LiF (x = 0.5, 1.0, 2.5, 4.0, 5.0) ceramics have been prepared through the standard solid-state reaction method. X-ray diffraction patterns and scanning electron micrographs revealed the successful preparation of dense MgF2–LiF composite ceramics at an exceptionally low sintering temperature range of 525–600°C. The optimal microwave dielectric properties (εr = 5.09 ± 0.03, Qf = 100,733 ± 1646 GHz, τf = −67.4 ± 3.3 ppm/°C) were achieved in MgF2–0.5 wt%LiF ceramics after sintering at 550 °C for 3 h. The present ceramics exhibited an outstanding combination of low-εr, high Qf, and an ultra-low sintering temperature, surpassing the performance of most low-temperature-fired dielectric materials. Moreover, the theoretical Qf value, extrapolated from the fitting of infrared reflectivity spectra, was calculated to be 326,583 GHz, indicating significant potential for further Qf improvement. Additionally, the chemical compatibility with Al electrodes was confirmed, suggesting promising potential for ultra-low temperature co-fired ceramic (ULTCC) applications.

Unveiling the Structural and Optical Properties of Samarium Titanates Pyrochlore, Sm2Ti2O7

A magnetic system whose geometry prevents all pairwise spin interactions from being fulfilled simultaneously to minimize the energy is said to be frustrated. These systems are prevalent throughout all disciplines of physical and chemical study. This article reports a detailed structural and optical analysis of such frustrated Sm2Ti2O7 (STO), a pyrochlore structure. The ordered pyrochlore, STO of cubic symmetry, space group Fd3¯m [no. 227], has been synthesized using the standard solid-state reaction method. The Tauc’s plot reveals a direct band gap value of 3.8 eV from ultraviolet-visible reflectance data. Photoluminescence studies for STO using 280 nm excitation wavelength show the most intense emission peak at 395 nm, 468 nm, and other weak emissions at 368 nm, 412 nm, 430 nm, 449 nm, and 514 nm corresponding to the respective electronic transitions, indicates that the materials show photoluminescence properties. However, the unique characteristics of Sm2Ti2O7, including its wide band gap, photoluminescence, and high refractive index, make it a promising candidate for various magneto-optical, solid oxide fuel cell device fabrication applications.

Improved relaxor ferroelectrics and energy storage performance of polycrystalline Ba0.95Sr0.05Ti2O5 ceramics modified with La dopants

Lead-free relaxor ferroelectrics are useful in energy storage applications. In particular, BaTi2O5-based dielectric materials may have great potential for such applications. In this study, polycrystalline Ba0.95Sr0.05Ti2O5-xLa (BST2-xLa) ceramics were synthesized using a standard solid-state reaction method with as-prepared nanoparticles prepared via a modified Pechini polymeric precursor method. The structural and electrical properties of the BST2-xLa ceramics were systematically investigated using a series of measurements. The phase analysis results confirm that La3+ is a donor dopant that replaced Ba2+ sites in the structure, which results in a decrease in oxygen vacancies to maintain charge neutrality. The intrinsic electronic conduction mechanism for electrical conductivity was evaluated from the fitted activation energy based on the Arrhenius equation. The relaxor ferroelectric behaviour and energy storage density and efficiency are improved by the addition of a small amount of lanthanum (<3.6 mol%) because of the charge and ionic radius mismatch in the structure. These results suggest that lanthanum can effectively optimise the relaxor ferroelectrics of BST2-xLa ceramics, which have promising potential as energy storage materials.

Near room temperature hexagonal multiferroic (Yb0.25Lu0.25In0.25Sc0.25)FeO3 high-entropy ceramics

In this work, h-RFeO3 multiferroic high-entropy ceramics are designed by introducing high-entropy concept with four elements (Yb, Lu, In, Sc) for R site. (Yb0.25Lu0.25In0.25Sc0.25)FeO3 high-entropy ceramics are prepared by the standard solid-state reaction methods. The samples prepared with precursors were identified to crystalize in the pure hexagonal structure with polar space group (P63cm) at room temperature. By the analysis of the variable XRD patterns, it is speculated that the ferroelectric transition temperature of the sample is above 773 K. Meanwhile, three magnetic anomalies are determined for high-entropy ceramics, which is the antiferromagnetic transition at Néel temperature TÑ280 K, the spin-reorientation temperature TSR∼145 K and the reasonable ferromagnetic-like clusters without long ordering in TN < T < TA (∼397 K). Besides, it is observed that the peak intensity of the pyroelectric current around TN can be tuned by magnetic field, which is indicated the magnetoelectric coupling effect in (Yb0.25Lu0.25In0.25Sc0.25)FeO3 high-entropy ceramics. These results indicate the ferroelectric and antiferromagnetic orders are coexist in the h-RFeO3 high-entropy ceramics as promising near room temperature multiferroic materials, and it is an effective way to obtain a new type single-phase multiferroic materials.

LiGaSiO4: An ultra-low permittivity dielectric material enabling application in patch antenna

A low permittivity microwave dielectric ceramic, Li-containing silicate (LiGaSiO4), was synthesized using the standard solid-state reaction method. The nominal LiGaSiO4 ceramic exhibited a relative permittivity of approximately 4.4. The effects of nonstoichiometric Li on the microstructure, sintering behavior, and microwave dielectric properties of LiGaSiO4 were comprehensively investigated. Excess Li content (6 mol%) significantly improved the relative density (96.1 %) and microwave dielectric properties (εr∼5.34, Q × f ∼55,600 GHz, and τf ∼ -48.6 ppm/°C), while reducing the optimum sintering temperature from 1070 °C to ∼1010 °C. Additionally, the incorporation of 2 wt% LiF further reduced densification temperature (∼940 °C). The regulation of the τf was achieved through the addition of CaTiO3 ceramic, and a patch antenna was designed and fabricated using a modified Li1.06GaSiO4-LiF-CaTiO3 composite ceramic. The resulting patch antenna resonates at 5.87 GHz with an impressive bandwidth of 83.1 MHz, while both simulated and measured results demonstrate excellent agreement.

Fabrication and physical characteristics of K/W double doped BiFeO3 complex electro-ceramic; (Bi1/2K1/2)(Fe1/2W1/2)O3

The main objective of this research work is to investigate the effect of the inclusion of potassium/tungsten (K/W) (at the Bi/Fe site) on the structural, dielectric, electrical, and optical characteristics of eco-friendly BiFeO3 to assess its potential use for multifunctional applications including energy storage. The standard solid-state reaction method was used to synthesize the desired (Bi1/2K1/2)(Fe1/2W1/2)O3 complex compound. Examination of X-ray diffraction data demonstrates the structural transformation of bismuth ferrite from rhombohedral to monoclinic on the addition of K/W. The estimated crystallite size is 52 nm. The standard cell parameters include a = 12.1967 Å, b = 9.0468 Å, c = 6.4971 Å, and β = 105.02°, resulting in a cell volume of 692.40 Å3. Analysis of Raman spectra reveals a slight alteration in intensity and displacement of Raman mode positions, attributed to the doping effect, which confirms the incorporation of K and W ions into the BiFeO3 lattice. Scanning electron microscopy provides an image indicating the dense surface structure of the sample. Elemental analysis through energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy verifies the presence and purity of the constituent elements. The material doped with potassium and tungsten exhibits a high dielectric constant (εr ∼ 3 × 103) and low tangent loss (tanδ ∼1). The extensive dielectric studies conducted across various frequencies and temperatures suggest that the sample possesses capacitive properties. The depression angle of 8.51° reflects the extent of deviation from Debye's behavior. The presence of hysteresis loops indicates the presence of ferroelectric behavior.

Novel non-equimolar SrLa(Al0.25Zn0.125Mg0.125Ga0.25Ti0.25)O4 high-entropy ceramics with excellent mechanical and microwave dielectric properties

Novel non-equimolar high-entropy SrLa(Al0.25Zn0.125Mg0.125Ti0.25Ga0.25)O4 (SLAZMTG) ceramics with a layered perovskite structure have been prepared via the standard solid-state reaction method. The high-entropy composition belongs to the tetrahedral structure with a space group of I4/mmm, which is confirmed by the XRD and TEM analyses. Excellent microwave dielectric properties with a suitable dielectric constant (εr = 22.5), high quality factor (Qf = 83,003 GHz), and near-zero τf value of −1.7 ppm/°C are obtained in SLAZMTG ceramics sintered at 1400 °C. Meanwhile, a significant enhancement in compressive strength was achieved due to the improvement of configuration entropy, 912 MPa for SLAZMTG compared to 578 MPa in the pure SrLaAlO4 composition. Additionally, the high-entropy engineering in the present work suggests great potential in achieving low thermal conductivities. SLAZMTG ceramics exhibit low thermal conductivities ranging from 2.86 W/m•K at 323 K to 1.99 W/m•K at 673 K, much lower than those of SrLaAlO4 and other perovskite ceramics.

Structural, magnetic and ferroelectric properties of magnetoelectrically coupled xBa0.95Sr0.05TiO3-(1–x)BiFe0.90Sm0.10O3 ceramics

ABSTRACT The standard solid state reaction method was followed to synthesize the polycrystalline xBa0.95Sr0.05TiO3-(1–x)BiFe0.9Sm0.1O3 [xBST-(1–x)BFSmO, x = 0–0.35] ceramics. The XRD pattern revealed a structural transition of the prepared ceramics from rhombohedral to cubic symmetry. The mean grain size was estimated in the micrometer range, with values ranging from 0.40 to 1.95 μm. The maximum real part of the complex initial permeability of 28.26 was noticed for x = 0.30 multiferroic ceramics. The highest remanent magnetization determined for the x = 0.30 sample was 3.4 10−2 emu/g. For the sample with x = 0.35 the maximum recorded dielectric constant was found to be 677 at 103 Hz. A small value of dielectric loss (<5%) was observed. The compound exhibited significant remanent polarization and a reduction in the leakage current. In addition, the investigated materials comprise large magnetoelectric coefficients and the optimum magnetoelectric coefficient of 0.662 mV.cm−1.Oe−1was obtained for the x = 0.30 composition.

Studies of structural, dielectric, and electrical properties of polycrystalline barium bismuth tungstate for thermistor application

In this communication, preliminary investigation of structural and detailed analysis of electrical proprties of a new barium bismuth tungstate of a chemical composition Ba3Bi2WO9, produced via a standard high-temperature solid-state reaction method, is presented. The basic crystal structure of the compound is monoclinic (a = 8.4621 Å, b = 6.7358 Å, c = 6.9064 Å and β = 109.94°). The homogeneous distribution of grains (average grain size = 1.717 μm) is studied via surface morphology demonstrating the feasibility of fabricating a high-density sample under experimental conditions. This compound shows ferroelectric and related properties, which have been experimentally verified by examination of the frequency-temperature dependence of capacitance, impedance, and other related behaviors. The variation of ac conductivity of the material under alternating current varies according to Jonscher's universal power law. The ferroelectric property of the material (Pr = 0.331C/cm2, Ec = 0.207 kV/cm) is demonstrated by the electric field-dependent polarisation (P-E loop) study. The temperature dependence of resistance yields a thermistor constant (β) and temperature coefficient of resistance (TCR), which may be useful for fabricating thermistor-based device applications.

Change in transition balance between durable tetragonal phase and stress-induced phase of cobalt surface-layered in Bi-2212 materials by semi-empirical mechanical models

This study has indicated the positive effect of sintering temperature on the mechanical durability, strength, critical stress, deformation degrees, durable tetragonal phase, failure and fracture by fatigue, and mechanical characteristic behavior to the applied test loads for the Co surface-layered Bi-2212 ceramic materials produced by the standard solid-state reaction method. The sintering mechanism has been used as the driving force for the penetration of cobalt ions in the Bi-2212 ceramic matrix. The microindentation hardness test measurements have been performed at the load intervals 0.245 N-2.940 N. The experimental findings have also been examined by the six different semi-empirical mechanical and indentation-induced cracking models. It has been found that all the mechanical performance parameters are improved considerably with increasing the diffusion sintering temperature up to 650 °C. On this basis, the Co surface-layered Bi-2212 sample produced at the sintering temperature of 650 °C has been observed to improve dramatically the mechanical durability and resistance to the applied test loads as a consequence of the formation of new force barrier regions, surface residual compressive stress regions, and slip systems in the Bi-2212 ceramic system. Similarly, the optimum sintering temperature has extensively enhanced the elastic recovery mechanism, critical stress values, and deformation degree levels, stored internal strain, and crack surface energy through the Bi-2212 ceramic materials. Accordingly, it has been noted that the best sample produced at 650 °C is more hardly broken than the other ceramics. Namely, the optimum sintering temperature has decreased the sensitivity to the applied test loads as a result of delaying the beginning of the plateau limit regions. On the other hand, all the mechanism has been found to reverse completely depending on the excess sintering temperature. Lastly, the indentation-induced cracking model has been found to exhibit the closest results to the original Vickers microhardness parameters in the plateau limit regions.

Novel high-entropy microwave dielectric ceramics Sr(La0.2Nd0.2Sm0.2Eu0.2Gd0.2)AlO4 with excellent temperature stability and mechanical properties

Novel high-entropy Sr(La0.2Nd0.2Sm0.2Eu0.2Gd0.2)AlO4 ceramics with a layered perovskite structure have been prepared via the standard solid-state reaction method. The design of high-entropy improves the bond valence and subsequently optimizes the large negative temperature coefficient of resonant frequency (τf = −32 ppm/°C) of the simple SrLaAlO4 ceramics. Excellent temperature stability (τf = −6 ppm/°C) together with a relative permittivity (εr) of 18.6 and a quality factor (Qf = 14,509 GHz) are obtained in Sr(La0.2Nd0.2Sm0.2Eu0.2Gd0.2)AlO4 ceramics sintered at 1475 °C. It indicates that the present ceramics have great application prospects in passive microwave components such as resonators and filters. Meanwhile, significant improvements in compressive strength and strain are achieved, which are 1040 MPa and 15.7% for Sr(La0.2Nd0.2Sm0.2Eu0.2Gd0.2)AlO4 compared to 583 MPa and 12% in SrLaAlO4. The enhanced mechanical properties originate from the dislocation strengthening mechanism as the intertwining of interlayer lattices is revealed from the high-resolution transmission electronic micrographs.

Study of LaCoO3 Across Insulator–Metallic Phase Transition

The standard solid-state reaction method was used to prepare perovskite LaCoO3 crystal successfully. The crystal structure was confirmed by means of powder X-ray diffraction. An investigation of the electrical properties shows an interesting temperature dependence. The real and imaginary parts of the dielectric constant show maximum at 533 K and minimum at 548 K. This indicates an Insulating-Metallic phase transition. It was found that the activation energy \(\Delta E_{a}\) in the semiconducting region was about 0.80 eV. The grain resistance shows an inverse dependence on temperature justify negative temperature coefficient of resistance exhibit. The crystal exhibits non-Debye type dielectric relaxation.

Ultra-low permittivity MgF2 ceramics with high Qf values and their role as microstrip patch antenna substrates

MgF 2 ceramics have been prepared via the standard solid-state reaction method, and their microwave dielectric properties are reported for the first time. The permittivity ( ε r ) and quality factor ( Qf ) of MgF 2 ceramics are closely related to porosity and lattice energy, respectively. The optimum microwave dielectric properties ( ε r = 4.67, Qf = 92,233 GHz, and τ f = −67.1 ppm/°C) are obtained when sintered at 1100 °C. The ultra-low permittivity and high Qf value distinguish MgF 2 ceramic as a perfect substitute for the commonly used polymer-based FR4 epoxy in the coming 5G/6G era. The feasibility of using MgF 2 ceramics as antenna substrates is demonstrated by fabricating an X-band microstrip patch antenna. The MgF 2 -based antenna resonating at 8.25 GHz exhibits excellent antenna performance with a return loss (S 11 ) of −23.39 dB and impedance bandwidth of 318 MHz.

Influence of scandium codoping on the stability of barium cerate electrolyte

Proton (H+) conducting electrolytes significantly outperform oxide ion (O2–) conducting electrolytes in terms of performance while also costing less to operate the cell. This makes them popular and potential electrolytes in future electrochemical devices such as intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cells (IT-SOFCs). The standard solid-state reaction method has been utilized in the synthesis of scandium (Sc) co-doped barium zirconium cerate ceramics, BaCe0.8-xZr0.2ScxO3-δ. The powder X-ray diffraction spectra confirmed that the prepared samples are of single phase and have orthorhombic symmetry. The samples were analyzed for thermal stability by employing thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). All samples are stable up to 800 °C, according to TGA performed on dried and pre-hydrated samples—however, the samples under higher partial pressure of water exhibit lower degree of stability. Raman analysis was used to determine the stability of perovskite phase of the studied compositions both before and after TGA. This study showed that most initial phases either persisted or remained stable when the samples were treated at high vapor pressure. The thermal stability increased as the amount of Sc-substitution increased. Also, to investigate how the presence of grains and grain boundaries influenced the total resistance of samples with different Sc concentrations, complex impedance spectroscopy (CIS) was performed.

Enhanced superconducting transition temperature for Cr-substituted Tl2Ba2CaCu2O8-δ

Cr-substituted Tl2Ba2CaCu2O8-δ (Tl-2212) high temperature superconductor for x = 0–0.5 has been prepared using the standard solid-state reaction method. The precursor powders consisting of Ba2CaCu2Od were sintered at 900 °C for 24 h. The powders were then added with Tl and Cr, ground and pressed into pellets. The pellets were heated at 910 °C in oxygen flow for 4 min followed by furnace cooling. The d.c. electrical resistance (R) versus temperature (T) measurements were carried out using the four-point probe method with silver paste contacts. The transition temperature was determined from the slope of the resistance versus temperature graph. The superconducting critical region was divided into three: onset transition temperature (Tc-onset), middle transition temperature (Tc-mid) and zero-resistance temperature (Tc-zero). The non-substituted sample showed onset transition temperature, Tc-onset of 97 K. The x = 0.2 sample (Tl1.8Cr0.2Ba2CaCu2O8-δ) showed the highest Tc-onset (102 K). Further substitutions of Cr (x ≥ 0.3) decreased the transition temperature. All samples except the non-substituted samples showed at least two peaks in the dR/dT curves. This indicated that superconductivity within grains and intergrain occurred at different temperatures for all Cr-substituted samples. This work showed that Cr (x = 0.2) slightly enhanced the transition temperature of Tl-2212.

Low-temperature dielectric and impedance properties of Ba1-xSrxTiO3 and BaTi1-xTaxO3 ceramics

In this work, two series of BaTiO3-based ceramics, Ba1-xSrxTiO3 (x = 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8) and BaTi1-xTaxO3 (x = 0.03, 0.06, 0.075, 0.09, 0.1), were synthesized by using standard solid-state reaction method at 1350 ?C, and then sintered at 1400 ?C for 10 h in air. Frequency-dependent dielectric and impedance properties were investigated at low temperature range of 100-300K. The changes in dielectric properties of the Ba1-xSrxTiO3 ceramics are believed to originate from the phase transition due to the different A-site Sr2+ doping concentration. The local electron-pinned defect-dipole effect is responsible for the enhancement of dielectric constant observed in the B-site Ta5+ doped BaTi1-xTaxO3 ceramics. The complex impedance analysis was used to discern the temperature and frequency dependence of grains and grain boundaries responses. The results suggest that A- and B-site doped BaTiO3 ceramics can be applied for different dielectric devices at low temperatures.

Enhancing the relaxor character in K0.5Bi0.5TiO3 based ternary system for energy storage applications

Lead-based ferroelectric materials dominate the electronic industry due to their possible applications in sensors, actuators, advanced storage materials, microwave devices, and MEMS. Due to the toxicity of lead, there is a need for the development of environmentally compatible alternatives. Lead-free ternary solid solutions of (1−2x)K0.5Bi0.5TiO3-xBaTiO3-xLiNbO3 (KBLN100x) with x = 0.03, 0.05, 0.07, and 0.09 are synthesized using a standard solid-state reaction method. X-ray diffraction studies confirm the pseudocubic structure of the samples. Structural, Raman, dielectric and piezoelctric studies indicate that a normal to relaxor ferroelectric transition occurs as dopant concentration increases, and it is attributed to the increase in charge fluctuation and site disorder that resulted in the reduction in correlation lengths of the inbuilt dipole moments. A recoverable energy density of 1.3 J/cm3 was achieved for the KBLN7 sample, making it an attractive candidate in the energy storage realm. A strain value of 0.17% with Smax/Emax of 218 pm/V is observed for KBLN3 sample, indicating that K0.5Bi0.5TiO3 (KBT)-based systems can be used for actuator applications on further improvement. The normal-relaxor crossover of KBT with appropriate dopants indicates that KBT-based systems are efficient for both actuator and energy storage applications on improvising and tuning as required.

Structural, complex dielectric, Ac conductivity and impedance properties of Mn3-xCrxTeO6 (x = 0.02, 0.04, 0.06 and 0.08) compounds

In this communication, the synthesis of polycrystalline Mn3-xCrxTeO6 (MCTO) (x = 0.02, 0.04, 0.06 and 0.08) compounds is carried out using the standard high-temperature solid-state reaction (SSR) method. The X-ray Diffraction (XRD) technique revealed the trigonal (hexagonal axes) crystal structure of MCTO compounds. The doping of Chromium (Cr) on the Mn site does not affect the structure of the compound. The compositional purity and morphological observations are also investigated. Dielectric parameters are examined throughout a wide frequency range. Detailed investigation obtained by theoretical fitting of the cole-cole model revealing a non-Debye type relaxation mechanism which is also evident from the complex modulus studies. An investigation on electrical conductivity is carried out by conceptually fitting experimental data using a power law and indicates a Correlated Barrier Hopping mechanism in MCTO compounds as the cause of conduction. The resistance and capacitance were validated by impedance analysis, and the effect of grains and grain boundaries was also studied accordingly. In-depth, this study demonstrates an effective synthesis approach and a thorough examination of Cr-doped Mn3TeO6 multiferroic compounds, potentially providing fundamental attributes to investigate their applications in various fields of multiferroics.

Structure-based magnetic, electrical and transport properties of Ni–Zn–Co ferrite by V5+ substitution

This article presents the modification of structure-based magnetic, electronic and transport properties along with the conduction mechanism and its relaxation process in a Ni–Zn–Co ferrite tailored by V5+ substitution at B-site replacing Fe3+ ions. The composition Ni0.7Zn0.2Co0.1Fe2-xVxO4(0≤x≤0.12) was synthesized by standard solid-state reaction method and all samples were crystallized with a single-phase cubic spinel structure belonging to the Fd3‾m space group. The lattice constants decreased gradually from 8.3673Å to 8.3602Å and the average grain sizes (DSEM) are also decreased from 6.92μm to 1.99μm due to V5+ ions substitution at Fe3+ of B-site. However, more than 25% of Fe3+ ions migrate to A-site from B-site due to V5+ substitution at Fe3+ of B-site. In all samples θD does not strictly follow the Anderson's prediction, rather it monotonically decreases to a low value until x=0.12. Magnetic phase transition temperature shifted to the lower temperature and the net magnetization (ηBe) decreases due to V5+ substitution in Ni–Zn–Co ferrite. Apart this, during conduction charge carriers should require more energy to jump from one cationic site to other for V5+ substitution in the Ni–Zn–Co ferrite and the activation energy (Ea) is much more higher in V5+ substituted sample. Moreover, long-range interaction with localized relaxation mechanism is observed in V5+ doped samples. The resistance at the grain (Rg) is maximum (243.09 Ω) for the sample x=0.10 while grain boundary resistance (Rgb) is maximum (5.98×105Ω) for the sample x=0.07. However, the higher value of ρdC for x=0.12 sample ensures to be suitable for electromagnets, transformers, electronic inductors, and at high-frequency applications. Moreover, x=0.07 sample displays high value of TCR (−8.6%/K at 418K) which may be utilized as an infrared detector for night vision bolometer material.