Standard Programming Language Research Articles

Development of interactive maps of geolocations of native plants of Kazakhstan and the living collections of the Mangyshlak experimental botanical garden

The purpose of this article is to identify problems, demonstrate results and assess the prospects for compiling interactive digital maps of native plants of Kazakhstan and the MEBG living collections, to be distributed through the Internet. Here we present four interactive maps: MEBG collections in the 10th sub-district of Aktau; herbarium specimens of plants from the Garden’s gene pool; samples of the herbarium of the natural flora of Western Kazakhstan and plants of the natural flora of Kazakhstan. Standard web programming languages are used to compile Internet maps. The creation of html pages and server versions of databases is carried out automatically in specially developed computer program modules. They are compiled in MEBS for the dry conditions of Mangistau.

PROTOTYPING A WEB-PUBLISHED ACADEMIC ENGLISH COURSEBOOK FOR INDONESIAN PRIMARY SCHOOL TEACHER EDUCATION STUDY PROGRAM STUDENTS

This publication addresses the prototyping phase of a web-published academic English coursebook, which is exclusively designed and developed to assist the 6th semester primary school teacher education study program students at Universitas Negeri Makassar in learning academic English. Large-scale social restriction due to Covid-19 pandemic, which restricts any form of regular face-to-face meeting, and the fact that an English coursebook has not been developed yet at the locus of this study led the authors to set this as both an important and urgent goal to be reached through design-based research, which comprised (1) preliminary study; (2) prototyping; (3) assessment; and (4) systematic reflection. In prototyping the artefact, standard web programming languages including PHP, HTML, and CSS were synergized. The samples of this study were 5 classes consisting of 125 6th semester students majoring in primary school teacher education study program at Universitas Negeri Makassar, Indonesia. Through iterative cycle of prototyping, the findings of this study provide an ideal design of a web-published academic English coursebook exclusively addressed to solve a contextual educational issue detected in the locus of this research, as mandated by literature on design-based research. Besides, this publication discusses ideas of web design and development that work for academic English learning purposes. In addition, this publication also deals with the effectiveness issue of the web-published academic English coursebook in assisting non-English major students in learning academic English through online distance learning delivery mode. This publication theoretically contributes to the domain of teaching English as a foreign language (TEFL) and instructional learning design.

MuFBDTester: A mutation‐based test sequence generator for FBD programs implementing nuclear power plant software

SummaryFunction block diagram (FBD) is a standard programming language for programmable logic controllers (PLCs). PLCs have been widely used to develop safety‐critical systems such as nuclear reactor protection systems. It is crucial to test FBD programs for such systems effectively. This paper presents an automated test sequence generation approach using mutation testing techniques for FBD programs and the developed tool, MuFBDTester. Given an FBD program, MuFBDTester analyses the program and generates mutated programs based on mutation operators. MuFBDTester translates the given program and mutants into the input language of a satisfiability modulo theories (SMT) solver to derive a set of test sequences. The primary objective is to find the test data that can distinguish between the results of the given program and mutants. We conducted experiments with several examples including real industrial cases to evaluate the effectiveness and efficiency of our approach. With the control of test size, the results indicated that the mutation‐based test suites were statistically more effective at revealing artificial faults than structural coverage‐based test suites. Furthermore, the mutation‐based test suites detected more reproduced faults, found in industrial programs, than structural coverage‐based test suites. Compared to structural coverage‐based test generation time, the time required by MuFBDTester to generate one test sequence from industrial programs is approximately 1.3 times longer; however, it is considered to be worth paying the price for high effectiveness. Using MuFBDTester, the manual effort of creating test suites was significantly reduced from days to minutes due to automated test generation. MuFBDTester can provide highly effective test suites for FBD engineers.

DETERMINATION OF FORECAST INDICATORS OF ELECTRICITY QUALITY IN MODE OF SYNCHRONIZED VECTOR MEASUREMENTS

The work is devoted to the development of software for forecasting the quality of electricity in an automated system for diagnosing the quality of electricity consumers using cloud technologies. The existing domestic and foreign methods for monitoring the quality of electricity using the technology of synchronized vector measurements are analyzed. The structural scheme of the technology of diagnostics of electricity quality as a new direction at the junction of sciences – information technologies and energy is developed. Based on the experimental data of electricity quality indicators obtained from the synchrophasor, an array of data (dataset) was formed for further processing. Two statistical methods were chosen to study the data and forecast the indicators of electricity quality – the nearest neighbors and ridge regression. With the help of standard Phyton programming language libraries, reading and primary data processing, plotting, statistical processing and implementation of forecasting models were performed. The analysis of the obtained forecast graphs is performed and it is concluded that according to the normalized data the accuracy of the Ridge regression model is higher by 10-15%. The WEB-interface of the system for interactive interaction and visualization of indicators with the output of tables and graphs for analysis, graphical representation and display of the results of diagnostics of electricity quality is designed and developed.

NODESTUDIO, A VISUAL PROGRAMMING FRAMEWORK FOR MUSCULOSKELETAL MRI ANALYSIS

As research advances with ever increasing complexity and quantity of algorithms for MRI, it becomes increasingly difficult to research, consolidate, and access algorithms without considerable effort to either implement or integrate software repositories in a clinical researcher's analysis pipeline. To this end, we have developed a framework with the aim of improving the accessibility of sophisticated musculoskeletal MR imaging processing techniques and facilitating the creation of new multi-platform image processing pipelines. This software application offers an intuitive, visual method for the development of analysis pipelines for MR reconstruction, segmentation, data visualization, and quantitative analysis. We hope this framework will encourage the collaboration of researchers by facilitating the traditionally difficult task of integrating MR algorithms into clinical imaging processing pipelines. 1) An open-source node-based imaging processing web platform, called NodeStudio, was created to facilitate the design, development, and standardization of musculoskeletal MRI signal processing pipelines. 2) It supports a comprehensive, flexible ecosystem of tools, libraries, and resources to support researchers to push the state-of-the-art in MRI research. 3) It is designed to allow researchers to easily build, design and deploy advanced algorithms and techniques using a visual programming node editor. NodeStudio was developed to enable researchers to build complex imaging processing pipelines visually using a computation graph. A visual computation graph is a method for the design of complex algorithms without writing a single line of code. Instead of writing code, the user can visually assemble node networks in a cross-platform web application. NodeStudio gives rapid feedback that reflects network changes. It is designed to be simple to use and doesn't require the knowledge of Python or any standard programming languages. This platform also supports multi-vendor MRI data, the integration of custom Python code, and the integration of third-party packages the deep learning framework DOSMA. As a tool for MSK, the platform supports several techniques for quantitative MR analysis. We demonstrated the use of NodeStudio to create a quantitative MR analysis pipeline for the T2 values of meniscus cartilage using a qDESS T2 mapping algorithm and a DOSMA-based segmentation mask generation node. In the pipeline shown in Figure 1, the T2 values for femoral cartilage for a single sample subject was found to be 35.21 ± 9.03, in line with standard values, as shown in the stats node. We have developed a framework to reduce the complexity of MR reconstruction, segmentation, data visualization, and quantitative analysis. NodeStudio allows clinical researchers to visualize and facilitate the development of MR analysis pipelines. We hope this framework will provide a new standard for clinical MRI research. National Institutes of Health (NIH) R01 Grant and Imperial College London CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS: iammichaelmendoza@gmail.com

A Practical Example of Data Science Education through Hands-on Lecture using Python

Programming education is essential for developing data scientists and data engineers with practical skills. Python has become the de facto standard programming language for data analysis. In this paper, we present an example of practical data science education using Python conducted for second-year undergraduate students in the Department of Information and Computer Science at our university in 2019 and 2020. A feature of the lecture is a fill-in-the-blank “Lecture Notes” created by Jupyter Notebook. By the introduction of Lecture Notes, students can learn Python programming as if they were taking notes in hands-on style class. As a result of a questionnaire survey, about 80％ of the students answered that they were able to concentrate on the class.

Features of application of standard programming languages for the decision of problems of development of national economy

Features of application of standard programming languages for the decision of problems of development of national economy

Implementation of PI and MPC-Based Speed Controllers for a Drive with Elastic Coupling on a PLC Controller

This paper presents some of the issues related to the implementation of advanced control structures (PI controller with additional feedback, Model Predictive Controller) for drives with elastic coupling on a programmable logic controller (PLC). The predominant solutions to electric drive control include the use of rapid prototyping cards, signal processors or programmable matrices. Originally, PLC controllers were used to automate sequential processes, but for several years now, a trend related to their implementation for advanced control objects can be observed. This is mainly due to their compact design, immunity to disturbances and standard programming languages. The following chapters of the paper present the mathematical model of the drive and describe the implementation of the proposed control structures. A PI controller with additional feedback loops and a predictive controller are taken into consideration. Their impact on the CPU load was analysed, and the work was summarised by a comprehensive experimental study. The presented results confirm that it is possible to implement advanced control structures on a PLC controller for drives with elastic coupling while maintaining a sufficiently low load on its CPU.

PLCrypto: A Symmetric Cryptographic Library for Programmable Logic Controllers

Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs) are control devices widely used in industrial automation. They can be found in critical infrastructures like power grids, water systems, nuclear plants, manufacturing systems, etc. This paper introduces PLCrypto, a software cryptographic library that implements lightweight symmetric cryptographic algorithms for PLCs using a standard PLC programming language called structured text (ST). To the best of our knowledge, PLCrypto is the first ST-based cryptographic library that is executable on commercial off-the-shelf PLCs. PLCrypto includes a wide range of commonly used algorithms, totaling ten algorithms, including one-way functions, message authentication codes, hash functions, block ciphers, and pseudo-random functions/generators. PLCrypto can be used to protect the confidentiality and integrity of data on PLCs without additional hardware or firmware modification. This paper also presents general optimization methodologies and techniques used in PLCrypto for implementing primitive operations like bit-shifting/rotation, substitution, and permutation. The optimization tricks we distilled from our practice can also guide future implementation of other computationheavy programs on PLCs. To demonstrate a use case of PLCrypto in practice, we further realize a cryptographic protocol called proof of aliveness as a case study. We benchmarked the algorithms and protocols in PLCrypto on a commercial PLC, Allen Bradley ControlLogix 5571, which is widely used in the real world. Also, we make our source codes publicly available, so plant operators can freely deploy our library in practice.

Design Method for Building Automation Control Programs to Enable the Energetic Optimization of Industrial Supply Systems

Standard PLC programming language does not allow to use complex algorithms in building automation for the energetic optimization of industrial supply systems. This paper discusses how future building automation systems should be designed for this purpose. An adapted building automation control program is implemented on an industrial PC and evaluated in the real scale ETA Research Factory. The program ensures scalability and functional safety through object-oriented programming and implementation of a safety fallback system. The industrial PC is enabled to communicate via OPC UA. Finally we present a communication interface to connect the building automation to optimization programs using Python.

An Optimized Model for Energy Efficiency on Cloud System using PSO & CUCKOO Search Algorithm

Cloud computing is one of the growing technologies, these days. Cloud computing is a paradigm that is surrounded by multiple resources, which helps in resource utilization. Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS), Platform as a Service (PaaS) and Software as a Service (Saas) are named as services of cloud computing. In the IaaS models, users can rent infrastructure of the data center as a service. Some of the examples of IAAS are Google Compute Engine (GCE) and Amazon Web Service (AWS). In the PaaS models, users can take services like operating system and database. Some of the examples of PAAS are Microsoft Azure and Google App Engine. In the SaaS models, users can access and install application software and databases via Internet. Examples of SAAS are Citrix GoToMeeting and Google Docs. In this paper algorithms named as PSO and CSA are discussed The objective of optimization for energy consumption on cloud has also been discussed in the paper. Along with the optimization techniques, the detailed literature reviews have been presented. To achieve the proposed work, CloudSim simulators and standard programming languages have been used. The performance of the proposed work will be analyzed by using the various performance parameters such as response time, energy efficiency and execution time.

Enhanced Screening and Research Data Collection via Automated EHR Data Capture and Early Identification of Sepsis.

Clinical research in sepsis patients often requires gathering large amounts of longitudinal information. The electronic health record can be used to identify patients with sepsis, improve participant study recruitment, and extract data. The process of extracting data in a reliable and usable format is challenging, despite standard programming language. The aims of this project were to explore infrastructures for capturing electronic health record data and to apply criteria for identifying patients with sepsis. We conducted a prospective feasibility study to locate and capture/abstract electronic health record data for future sepsis studies. We located parameters as displayed to providers within the system and then captured data transmitted in Health Level Seven® interfaces between electronic health record systems into a prototype database. We evaluated our ability to successfully identify patients admitted with sepsis in the target intensive care unit (ICU) at two cross-sectional time points and then over a 2-month period. A majority of the selected parameters were accessible using an iterative process to locate and abstract them to the prototype database. We successfully identified patients admitted to a 20-bed ICU with sepsis using four data interfaces. Retrospectively applying similar criteria to data captured for 319 patients admitted to ICU over a 2-month period was less sensitive in identifying patients admitted directly to the ICU with sepsis. Classification into three admission categories (sepsis, no-sepsis, and other) was fair (Kappa .39) when compared with manual chart review. This project confirms reported barriers in data extraction. Data can be abstracted for future research, although more work is needed to refine and create customizable reports. We recommend that researchers engage their information technology department to electronically apply research criteria for improved research screening at the point of ICU admission. Using clinical electronic health records data to classify patients with sepsis over time is complex and challenging.

The benefits of concurrent computing in tribology system design

Abstrect Many optimum designs of tribological components are highly time-constrained before final productions. It is well-known that the process of a complex simulated design can be considerably accelerated by using some form of parallel computing. Also, for many tribological models additional assumptions can be relaxed with stricter design constrains, if the execution can be speeded up. In this study, the concurrent computing for tribological design is proposed, which is to perform parallel computing using the multitasking capability of today's operating system. In the concurrent computing a master program, which manages the process of the optimization, is used to launch a number of standalone slave programs (air bearing models) in a quick succession. And the operating system (MS-Windows) of the computer manages the parallel execution of the slave programs. Other than the standard programming language (Fortran 95) this approach uses none of the general parallel programming paradigms or directives, such as message passing interface, OpenMP, or coding using graphics processing units. In this study, the algorithm for the multiobjective optimization is group inching fortification method and the concurrent computing is executed in the algorithm-level. High parallel computing speedups are obtained in the simulated bearing designs. The approach can also be applied in using commercial general-purpose packages for modelling and self-coded methods for optimum design of tribological components or systems.

Multiple-Core PLC CPU Implementation and Programming

The paper presents a complete approach to the multithreaded execution of a control program prepared according to IEC61131-3 standard. The program is mapped to a dedicated multiple-core CPU unit. The CPU consists of multiple independent bit and word CPUs. The computation synchronization mechanism is based on memory cells with semaphored access, which enable hardware-level synchronization. The paper presents in detail the architecture, results of implementation and the achieved performance. The custom-developed compiler translates standard programming languages into a multithreaded executable form. It utilizes an original intermediate data flow graph to optimize and recognize program parallelisms. The program is automatically partitioned and mapped to the available computing resources. The paper is concluded with a performance comparison of program executions using the standard single-threaded and proposed approaches.

Typechecking protocols with Mungo and StMungo: A session type toolchain for Java

Static typechecking is an important feature of many standard programming languages. However, static typing focuses on data rather than communication, and therefore does not help programmers correctly implement communication protocols in distributed systems. The theory of session types provides a basis for tackling this problem; we use it to develop two tools that support static typechecking of communication protocols in Java. The first tool, Mungo, extends Java with typestate definitions, which allow classes to be associated with state machines defining permitted sequences of method calls: for example, communication methods. The second tool, StMungo, takes a session type describing a communication protocol, and generates a typestate specification of the permitted sequences of messages in the protocol. Protocol implementations can be validated by Mungo against their typestate definitions and then compiled with a standard Java compiler. The result is a toolchain for static typechecking of communication protocols in Java. We formalise and prove soundness of the typestate inference system used by Mungo, and show that our toolchain can be used to typecheck a client for the standard Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP).

Network Automation and Abstraction using Python Programming Methods

Abstract Network programmability is a trend, enhanced and inspired by Software Defined Networks, that are based on scripting methods and standard programming languages used for controlling and monitoring of network elements. This paper is illustrating some new methods in configuring network devices by using automation, reducing time for equipment configuration and easier maintenance. It also improves network security by recognizing and fixing security vulnerabilities and it increases the network stability. These methods represent the future of networks, allowing the management of an increased number of devices in a unitary way.

Industrial hardware and software verification with ACL2.

The ACL2 theorem prover has seen sustained industrial use since the mid-1990s. Companies that have used ACL2 regularly include AMD, Centaur Technology, IBM, Intel, Kestrel Institute, Motorola/Freescale, Oracle and Rockwell Collins. This paper introduces ACL2 and focuses on how and why ACL2 is used in industry. ACL2 is well-suited to its industrial application to numerous software and hardware systems, because it is an integrated programming/proof environment supporting a subset of the ANSI standard Common Lisp programming language. As a programming language ACL2 permits the coding of efficient and robust programs; as a prover ACL2 can be fully automatic but provides many features permitting domain-specific human-supplied guidance at various levels of abstraction. ACL2 specifications and models often serve as efficient execution engines for the modelled artefacts while permitting formal analysis and proof of properties. Crucially, ACL2 also provides support for the development and verification of other formal analysis tools. However, ACL2 did not find its way into industrial use merely because of its technical features. The core ACL2 user/development community has a shared vision of making mechanized verification routine when appropriate and has been committed to this vision for the quarter century since the Computational Logic, Inc., Verified Stack. The community has focused on demonstrating the viability of the tool by taking on industrial projects (often at the expense of not being able to publish much).This article is part of the themed issue 'Verified trustworthy software systems'.

Web technology in automated information and modeling systems for metallurgical processes

The software in information systems used by engineering personnel at metallurgical enterprises is considered. Such software operates automated workstations, support systems for decision making, information and modeling systems, expert systems, and so on. Typically, the software takes the form of desktop applications written in high-level programming languages (Visual C#, Visual Basic, etc.). The analysis of technological information from the enterprise’s database-management server entails the solution of programming problems, systems of differential equations, and mathematical-physics problems, for example. Such problems are unsolvable by the standard general-purpose programming languages. Therefore, the development of information and modeling systems requires access to outside software, such as Microsoft Excel and MATLAB. Interaction with Microsoft Excel depends on COM Interop technology, which requires the installation of Microsoft Office on each client computer. Interaction with MATLAB requires the preliminary assembly of a library in MATLAB Compiler and its connection to the program. MATLAB Runtime freeware must be installed on the client computer. However, desktop applications using Windows Forms do not meet the requirements of industrial information systems in terms of functionality, accessibility, and cross-platform compatibility. Accordingly, new technologies must be found for the creation of information systems. The best approach is the construction of web applications based on the ASP.NET MVC framework, which permits the transfer of mathematical libraries and modules for interaction with Microsoft Excel and MATLAB from Windows Forms, without modification. The structure of the web application employed in the development of information-system software is described. The web page employed has the following functional regions: the logo and title of the current page, the session-status menu, the function menu, group operations, notifications, and the working area.

A Tool Support to Distributed Control Synthesis and Grafcet Implementation for Discrete Event Manufacturing Systems

Current production systems are becoming more complex: manufactured products are increasingly technical, production components are more specific, and control specifications are rapidly changing. Thus, formal methods and tools are becoming essential to support the automated development of control systems. We propose to develop a tool for the synthesis and implementation of modular/distributed supervisory control for Automated Manufacturing Systems (AMS). To reduce the computational complexity, we divide the control problem into local and global controls. Local Controllers (LCs) are designed for the individual subsystems, then global dependencies are added to the LCs to cooperatively execute the control actions. The tool provides a distributed control, interpreted as Grafcet (standard IEC 60848), that can be lately converted into any suitable IEC 61131-3 standard programming language for PLC programming purposes. It is based on Model-to-Model (M2M) transformations implemented in an Eclipse Modeling Framework (EMF) environment.

Computer Technology to Improve Medical Information in Bangkok, Thailand

Building hospital applications based on services allow hospitals and other organizations to cooperate and make use of business functions. Hospital information systems that involve extensive information exchange across hospitals and organization boundaries, such as patient profiles, can easily be automated. Service-based applications can be constructed by linking services from various providers using either a standard programming language or a specialized workflow language. This paper reviews the use of computer technology which supports health services in Bangkok, Thailand by developing a survey of health services in hospitals, in which the focus is on the attitudes and competence of medical students and physicians, and the availability of health services equipment; and analyzing and providing guidance via a web service that supports health services. A prototype of a web application is created to simulate situations of the use of computer-based devices for supporting clinical operations, involving 12 medical doctors and 3 patients. Two cases are analysed to demonstrate different situations of the web service. In such situations, stakeholders are requested to query patient information and specify the documents. The experiments have been evaluated by considering straightforward criteria to perform activities with the prototype to determine how accurate the documents are requested and specified, and evaluate how the health service performs efficiently.