Standard Hygiene Research Articles

Significant nocturnal wakefulness after sleep onset in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.

Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is a multisystemic disease with a multifactorial pathogenesis involving dietary, environmental, and genetic factors. Previous mouse models suggested that circadian misalignment may additionally influence its development as it influences metabolism in diverse organs including the liver. Further, data from sleep questionnaires proved sleep-wake disruption in patients with MASLD. We objectively assessed sleep-wake rhythms in patients with biopsy-proven MASLD (n = 35) and healthy controls (HC, n = 16) using actigraphy 24/7 for 4weeks. With the aim to re-align sleep rhythms a single standardized sleep hygiene education session was performed after 2weeks. Actigraphy data revealed that MASLD patients had more awakenings per night (MASLD vs. HC 8.5 vs. 5.5, p = 0.0036), longer wakefulness after sleep onset (MASLD vs. HC 45.4min vs. 21.3min, p = 0.0004), and decreased sleep efficiency (MASLD vs. HC 86.5% vs. 92.8%, p = 0.0008) compared with HC despite comparable sleep duration. Patients with MASLD self-reported shorter sleep duration (MASLD vs. HC 6h vs. 6h 45min, p = 0.01) and prolonged sleep latency contributing to poorer sleep quality. Standardized sleep hygiene education did not produce significant changes in sleep parameters. Our findings indicate fragmented nocturnal sleep in patients with MASLD, characterized by increased wakefulness and reduced sleep efficiency, perceived subjectively as shortened sleep duration and delayed onset. A single sleep hygiene education session did not improve sleep parameters.

Innovative Solutions for Multidrug-resistant Organisms Infections in ICU: A Joint Efficacy Evaluation of Multi-disciplinary Team and SHEL Model (Software, Hardware, Environment, Liveware)

BackgroundThe escalating threat of Multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs) in Intensive Care Units (ICU) demands innovative management strategies to curb the rising infection rates and associated clinical challenges. ObjectiveTo assess the effectiveness of integrating the Multi-disciplinary team (MDT) approach with the SHEL model (Software, Hardware, Environment, Liveware) in reducing MDROs infections within ICU settings. MethodsFrom January 2021 to April 2024, a prospective, randomized controlled study was conducted in the ICU of Nantong Fourth People's Hospital, enrolling 411 patients with MDROs infections. These patients were randomly assigned into three groups: the MDT group, the SHEL model group, and a combined group. The intervention lasted for four weeks, during which the effects on the MDROs detection rate, infection rate, healthcare staff's infection control execution scores, and the rationality of antibiotic use were assessed, aiming to determine the efficacy of each approach in managing MDROs in the ICU setting. ResultsThe overall infection rate of MDROs in the ICU of our hospital from 2021 to 2024 was 60.18%, with sputum infection sources accounting for 68.37% of the total sources, making it the primary source of infection. The detection rate of MOROs in the combined group was significantly higher than that in the MDT group and the SHEL group, with the SHEL group having a higher detection rate than the MDT group (P<0.05). The infection rate of MOROs in the combined group was significantly lower than that in both the MDT group and the SHEL group, with the SHEL group having a lower detection rate than the MDT group (P<0.05). The implementation scores of the combination group in standard prevention, hand hygiene, antibiotic management, and isolation measures were significantly higher than those of the MDT and SHEL groups, with the SHEL group scoring higher than the MDT group (P<0.05). The rational use of antibiotics in the combined group was also higher than in both the MDT group and the SHEL group, with the SHEL group having a higher level than the MDT group (P<0.05). ConclusionThe integrated MDT and SHEL model significantly reduced MDROs infections in ICU, improved healthcare workers' infection prevention and nursing quality, and promoted the appropriate use of antibiotics, advocating for its clinical application.

Evaluating the Effectiveness of Existing In-service Training Courses on Infection Prevention and Control in Nurses: An Evaluation Using the Kirkpatrick Model

Background: Evaluating the effectiveness of educational courses is essential for ensuring high-quality healthcare. Objectives: This study assessed the effectiveness of current in-service training courses on infection prevention and control for nurses, using the Kirkpatrick evaluation model. Methods: This evaluative study was conducted at Shiraz Army Hospital in 2024, involving 40 nurses and 10 supervisors. The educational program consisted of interactive workshops held over two days, covering topics such as standard precautions, isolation procedures, and hand hygiene. The evaluation followed Kirkpatrick’s four levels: Reaction, learning, behavior, and impact. Nurses' reactions and knowledge were measured using validated questionnaires, while supervisors assessed behavioral changes. Data were analyzed with SPSS 26, using descriptive statistics and a one-sample t-test. Results: All four levels of the Kirkpatrick model were evaluated. Nurses reported a mean reaction score of 3.73 (SD = 0.80), reflecting positive feedback on the training. Knowledge scores significantly increased from a pre-test mean of 2.39 (SD = 0.74) to a post-test mean of 3.72 (SD = 0.74) (P &lt; 0.001). Supervisors observed a behavioral improvement, with scores increasing from 2.34 (SD = 0.94) to 3.72 (SD = 0.74) (P = 0.004). Furthermore, the nosocomial infection index decreased from 0.7 to 0.5 (P = 0.002) following the training. Conclusions: The findings demonstrate the effectiveness of current in-service training courses on infection prevention and control for nurses. The Kirkpatrick model proved to be a valuable evaluation tool, underscoring the importance of ongoing assessment of nurses’ competencies to enhance infection prevention practices.

Music and Sleep Hygiene Interventions for Pregnancy-Related Insomnia: An Online Randomized Controlled Trial.

Approximately 50% to 60% of all pregnant women suffer from insomnia during pregnancy. Pregnancy-related insomnia has been associated with severe outcomes for both mother and child postnatally. Currently, the treatment of pregnancy-related insomnia is often neglected due to a lack of suitable treatments. This online assessor-masked randomized controlled trial aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of music listening and sleep hygiene for treating pregnancy-related insomnia. We recruited first-time pregnant women at the end of the second trimester with a report of poor sleep. Participants in the music and sleep hygiene (MSH) group received standard sleep hygiene advice and were instructed to listen to music daily at bedtime for 4 weeks. They could choose from 6 sleep playlists of different genres. Participants randomized to the sleep hygiene alone (SH) group received standard sleep hygiene only. Primary outcomes were sleep quality measured with the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and insomnia severity measured with the Insomnia Severity Index. gov Identifier: NCT04633395. Among the 98 participants receiving the online intervention, 31 participants in the MSH group (62%) and 40 participants in the SH group (80%) completed the postintervention measurements. Both groups experienced improved sleep quality during the intervention period (PSQI change, -2.10; 95% CI, -3.27 to -0.93; P <.001), with no significant difference between the groups. Similarly, insomnia symptoms were reduced (Insomnia Severity Index change, -3.42; 95% CI, -5.02 to -1.83; P <.001) with no significant difference in the effect between groups. There was a significant difference in adherence to sleep hygiene between the MSH and SH groups (42% vs 8%; P =.007). Sleep quality and insomnia severity can be improved in pregnant women with relatively simple interventions like music listening and sleep hygiene advice. These results align with previous research, but larger trials are recommended to support introduction into clinical practice.

Sanitary management and the presence of Salmonella spp. in a small-scale aviary and poultry carcasses

Salmonella spp. is one of the primary foodborne pathogens and is a problem for public health and poultry farming. This study aimed to evaluate the sanitary management of a small poultry farm of a family farming company under female management in Jataí-GO and how such management affects the presence of Salmonella spp. Samples were collected for microbiological analysis from the environment of two batches of chicks at the entrance (D0), on the 28th (D28) and the 60th (D60) day of the chicks; from the carcass, from the evisceration table and the chicken plucker. The presence of Salmonella spp. was not detected in any of the samples, which were taken from the bottoms of the transport boxes, from eggshell residues, from the growth and fattening rations, from shoe covers, from chicken litter, from the reception sheds, from the feeders and water fountains, from the walls and screens, from the external area of ​​the shed, from the compost pile and the carcasses. The pH, water chlorine, ambient temperature, and carcass temperature were assessed using a good production practices monitoring form and were considered adequate. The descriptive analysis of the data considered the current legislation. Therefore, strict monitoring of the standards underlying the Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) and Standard Hygiene Operating Procedures (SHOP) programs controlled the spread of Salmonella spp. in the poultry meat rearing and processing process and also ensured the quality of the final product for consumption.

A RELEVÂNCIA DOS PROGRAMAS DE AUTOCONTROLE NA SAÚDE PÚBLICA EM INDÚSTRIAS DE PRODUTOS DE ORIGEM ANIMAL

Self-Control Programs (PACs) are fundamental for the agroindustry, aiming at food safety and reducing risks to public health. Along with Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP), Standard Operational Hygiene Procedures (PPHO) and the Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points Program (HACCP). The research aims to demonstrate the importance of PAC as a tool capable of minimizing and controlling levels of contamination, infection and/or food poisoning in the food industry, discussing the regulations issued by supervisory authorities on the quality, health and safety of food, as well as good practices in the production of products of animal origin. The importance of studying this topic is that it has great relevance due to the fact that it addresses the importance of the hygienic-sanitary and technological quality of raw materials, animal health and public health. The study was carried out using articles, books and academic sources through electronic searches in SciELO, Google Scholar, PUBMED, PubVet of relevance in addition to Laws and books, bibliographical research and insights into the need to highlight and demonstrate the importance of programs in the food industry. It was concluded that PACs are essential to reduce risks to public health and enhance food quality and safety for consumers.

Intensive Oral Hygiene Interventions during Therapy of Acute Leukemia May Result in Detrimental Outcomes: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Objectives There are no standard guidelines on oro-dental care during induction therapy of acute leukemia (AL). This study aimed to assess the effect of intensive oral hygiene practice on oral mucositis, infection, and disease outcomes compared to standard clinical practice. Materials and Methods Newly diagnosed patients with AL were randomized to receive either standard oral hygiene protocol (group A, n = 92) or comprehensive oral hygiene protocol (group B, n = 91). In group A, the oral hygiene indexes were measured by the dentist at baseline and at the end of treatment. In group B, weekly monitoring of oral hygiene indexes by the dentist and interventions in the form of oral cavity inspection, probing for gum health, and use of a soft toothbrush and education on oral hygiene practices were carried out. Results The frequency of mucositis was higher in group B (60%) than in group A (40%; p = 0.09). There was no difference in the median Simplified Oral Hygiene Index (OHI-S; 0.5 vs. 0.6) and Silness and Loe plaque index (0.4 vs. 0.25) between the groups. The local (11 vs. 1%; p = 0.005) and systemic infection rate (82.2 vs. 65.2%; p = 0.009) were higher in group B than in group A. Conclusion This study failed to show the superiority of a comprehensive oral hygiene protocol compared to standard protocol in reducing oral mucositis in patients receiving induction therapy for AL. We hypothesize that frequent intervention in the oral cavity may lead to the dissemination of infection.

Effects of Melatonin on Sleep Quality and Patient-Reported Outcomes After Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Surgery: A Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial.

Sleep disturbance is a significant symptom associated with both rotator cuff tears and arthroscopic rotator cuff repair. Melatonin has been shown to be safe and effective in managing multiple sleep disorders, including secondary sleep disorders, with relatively minor adverse effects and lack of addictive potential. To investigate the effects of oral melatonin on postoperative sleep quality after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair. Randomized controlled trial; Level of evidence, 1. This was a prospective randomized clinical trial evaluating patients undergoing arthroscopic rotator cuff repair. Exclusion criteria included history of alcohol abuse, current antidepressant or sedative use, revision rotator cuff repair, severe glenohumeral arthritis, and concurrent adhesive capsulitis. Patients were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to 1 of 2 groups: 5-mg dose of melatonin 1 hour before bedtime or standard sleep hygiene (≥6 hours per night, avoiding caffeine and naps in the evening). Patients in the melatonin group took their assigned melatonin dose for 6 weeks beginning the day of surgery. Patient-reported outcome assessments, including the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons Standardized Shoulder Assessment Form (ASES), and the Single Assessment Numeric Evaluation (SANE), and pain medication charts were collected preoperatively as well as at 2 weeks, 6 weeks, 3 months, 4 months, and 6 months postoperatively. Numeric variables were analyzed using paired and unpaired t tests, with significance set at P < .05. Eighty patients were included for final analysis (40 in the control group, 40 in the melatonin group). Patient characteristics such as age, sex, race, body mass index, and laterality did not differ significantly (P≥ .05). Preoperative ASES, SANE, and PSQI scores did not differ between groups (P≥ .055). PSQI scores were significantly lower (better quality sleep) in the melatonin group at the 6-week postoperative period (P = .036). There was a positive correlation between how patients rated the intensity of their pain and the PSQI at the 6-week postoperative period (0.566). The PSQI question regarding sleep quality was found to be significantly lower in the melatonin group at the 3-month, 4-month, and 6-month postoperative periods (P = .015, P = .041, and P≤ .05, respectively). SANE scores were significantly lower in the melatonin group (P = .011) at 6 weeks and then higher in the melatonin group (P = .017) at 6 months. ASES scores were significantly higher in the melatonin group at 4 and 6 months (P = .022 and P = .020, respectively). Lastly, patients who were randomized into the melatonin group were found to use significantly less narcotic medication at the 4-month postoperative period (P = .046). Melatonin use after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair led to improved sleep quality (PSQI) in the early postoperative period as well as improved functional outcomes (ASES and SANE scores) and decreased narcotic use in the later postoperative period. Patients with significant sleep disturbances associated with rotator cuff repairs may benefit from the use of melatonin. NCT04278677 (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier).

Traditionally produced tempeh harbors more diverse bacteria with more putative health-promoting properties than industrially produced tempeh

In recent years, there has been a significant shift towards industrialization in food production, resulting in the implementation of higher hygiene standards globally. Our study focused on examining the impact of hygiene standards on tempeh, a popular Rhizopus-based fermented soybean product native to Indonesia, and now famous around the world. We observed that tempeh produced with standardized hygiene measures exhibited a microbiome with comparable bacterial abundances but a markedly different community structure and function than traditionally produced tempeh. In detail, we found a decreased bacterial abundance of lactobacilli and enterobacteria, bacterial diversity, different indicator taxa, and significantly changed community structure in industrial tempeh. A similar picture was found for functional analysis: the quantity of bacterial genes was similar but qualitative changes were found for genes associated with human health. The resistome of tempeh varied based on its microbiome composition. The higher number of antimicrobial resistance genes in tempeh produced without standardized hygiene measures mainly belong to multidrug efflux pumps known to occur in plant-based food. Our findings were confirmed by functional insights into genomes and metagenome-assembled genomes from the dominant bacteria, e.g. Leuconostoc, Limosilactobacillus, Lactobacillus, Enterococcus, Paenibacillus, Azotobacter and Enterobacter. They harboured an impressive spectrum of genes important for human health, e.g. for production of vitamin B1, B7, B12, and K, iron and zinc transport systems and short chain fatty acid production. In conclusion, industrially produced tempeh harbours a less diverse microbiome than the traditional one. Although this ensures production at large scales as well as biosafety, in the long-term it can lead to potential effects for human gut health.

Correlation between tooth decay and insulin resistance in normal weight males prompts a role for myo-inositol as a regenerative factor in dentistry and oral surgery: a feasibility study.

In an era of precision and stratified medicine, homogeneity in population-based cohorts, stringent causative entry, and pattern analysis of datasets are key elements to investigate medical treatments. Adhering to these principles, we collected in vivo and in vitro data pointing to an insulin-sensitizing/insulin-mimetic effect of myo-inositol (MYO) relevant to cell regeneration in dentistry and oral surgery. Confirmation of this possibility was obtained by in silico analysis of the relation between in vivo and in vitro results (the so-called bed-to-benchside reverse translational approach). Fourteen subjects over the 266 screened were young adult, normal weight, euglycemic, sedentary males having normal appetite, free diet, with a regular three-times-a-day eating schedule, standard dental hygiene, and negligible malocclusion/enamel defects. Occlusal caries were detected by fluorescence videoscanning, whereas body composition and energy balance were estimated with plicometry, predictive equations, and handgrip. Statistically significant correlations (Pearson r coefficient) were found between the number of occlusal caries and anthropometric indexes predicting insulin resistance (IR) in relation to the abdominal/visceral fat mass, fat-free mass, muscular strength, and energy expenditure adjusted to the fat and muscle stores. This indicated a role for IR in affecting dentin reparative processes. Consistently, in vitro administration of MYO to HUVEC and Swiss NIH3T3 cells in concentrations corresponding to those administered in vivo to reduce IR resulted in statistically significant cell replication (ANOVA/Turkey tests), suggesting that MYO has the potential to counteract inhibitory effects of IR on dental vascular and stromal cells turnover. Finally, in in silico experiments, quantitative evaluation (WOE and information value) of a bioinformatic Clinical Outcome Pathway confirmed that in vitro trophic effects of MYO could be transferred in vivo with high predictability, providing robust credence of its efficacy for oral health. Our reverse bed-to-benchside data indicate that MYO might antagonize the detrimental effects of IR on tooth decay. This provides feasibility for clinical studies on MYO as a regenerative factor in dentistry and oral surgery, including dysmetabolic/aging conditions, bone reconstruction in oral destructive/necrotic disorders, dental implants, and for empowering the efficacy of a number of tissue engineering methodologies in dentistry and oral surgery.

Implementing an Internal Audit: Evaluating Hand Scrub Compliance in a Tertiary Care Hospital.

Background Aseptic protocol adherence and sterilization are the most important factors in a patient's satisfactory recovery after surgery. The standard hand scrubbing procedure helps control infection and keeps the surgical site clean by adhering to aseptic principles. Methods Thirty-six young residents and house officers participated in this prospective audit after ethical clearance was obtained. The World Health Organization (WHO) standard criteria were adhered to both before and after the intervention. Participants were observed in the surgical operation theatre (OT) without prior notice to ensure hand hygiene compliance before surgical procedures. The intervention included a video presentation as well as a live demonstration. Results Only 64.41% (n=23) of residents and house officers followed the recommended standard hand hygiene procedures before the intervention. This percentage rose to 93.92% (n=33) following the intervention, suggesting a noteworthy improvement. Conclusion Significant changes in the acceptance rates for the essential requirements of hand hygiene were observed after the evaluation in the second cycle. Adhering to WHO guidelines for procedures will help reduce the risk of infections and promote awareness of asepsis in practice.

Acupuncture for Chronic Radiation-Induced Xerostomia in Head and Neck Cancer

Patients with head and neck cancer who undergo radiotherapy can develop chronic radiation-induced xerostomia. Prior acupuncture studies were single center and rated as having high risk of bias, making it difficult to know the benefits of acupuncture for treating radiation-induced xerostomia. To compare true acupuncture (TA), sham acupuncture (SA), and standard oral hygiene (SOH) for treating radiation-induced xerostomia. A randomized, blinded, 3-arm, placebo-controlled trial was conducted between July 29, 2013, and June 9, 2021. Data analysis was performed from March 9, 2022, through May 17, 2023. Patients reporting grade 2 or 3 radiation-induced xerostomia 12 months or more postradiotherapy for head and neck cancer were recruited from community-based cancer centers across the US that were part of the Wake Forest National Cancer Institute Community Oncology Research Program Research Base. Participants had received bilateral radiotherapy with no history of xerostomia. Participants received SOH and were randomized to TA, SA, or SOH only. Participants in the TA and SA cohorts were treated 2 times per week for 4 weeks. Those experiencing a minor response received another 4 weeks of treatment. Patient-reported outcomes for xerostomia (Xerostomia Questionnaire, primary outcome) and quality of life (Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-General) were collected at baseline, 4 (primary time point), 8, 12, and 26 weeks. All analyses were intention to treat. A total of 258 patients (201 men [77.9%]; mean [SD] age, 65.0 [9.16] years), participated from 33 sites across 13 states. Overall, 86 patients were assigned to each study arm. Mean (SD) years from diagnosis was 4.21 (3.74) years, 67.1% (n = 173) had stage IV disease. At week 4, Xerostomia Questionnaire scores revealed significant between-group differences, with lower Xerostomia Questionnaire scores with TA vs SOH (TA: 50.6; SOH: 57.3; difference, -6.67; 95% CI, -11.08 to -2.27; P = .003), and differences between TA and SA (TA: 50.6; SA: 55.0; difference, -4.41; 95% CI, -8.62 to -0.19; P = .04) yet did not reach statistical significance after adjustment for multiple comparisons. There was no significant difference between SA and SOH. Group differences in Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-General scores revealed statistically significant group differences at week 4, with higher scores with TA vs SOH (TA: 101.6; SOH: 97.7; difference, 3.91; 95% CI, 1.43-6.38; P = .002) and at week 12, with higher scores with TA vs SA (TA: 102.1; SA: 98.4; difference, 3.64; 95% CI, 1.10-6.18; P = .005) and TA vs SOH (TA: 102.1; SOH: 97.4; difference, 4.61; 95% CI, 1.99-7.23; P = .001). The findings of this trial suggest that TA was more effective in treating chronic radiation-induced xerostomia 1 or more years after the end of radiotherapy than SA or SOH. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02589938.

Biomarkers of Orthodontic Patients After Use of 1% Brazilian Red Propolis Toothpaste: A Randomized Clinical Study.

To evaluate the salivary biomarkers and plaque index after a treatment with a propolis-contained toothpaste. This is a longitudinal, randomized, double-blind study where 76 participants were randomized into two groups: Group I: Fluoridated Red Propolis toothpaste; Group II: Fluoridated toothpaste. The participants were selected in a municipality without fluoridated public water. All participants received standardized oral hygiene instructions from the same instructor for 3 daily brushings (after breakfast, after lunch, and before bed) for a period of 2 min; Saliva samples were collected before (D0) and after 28 days (D28) of treatment for analysis of pH and total protein, amylase, and IL-10. Saliva was collected in the initial consultation and on return, totaling two collections. All samples were collected under the same conditions, by the same operator and between 9:00 AM and 11:00 AM in order to minimize the influence of circadian rhythm on salivary flow. On D0 and D28, the various treatments had no effect on total salivary proteins (G1: P = 0.0746; G2: P = 0.2144), and the pH stayed about the same. Additionally, there was no change in the amylase activity in G1 (P = 0.1877) or G2 (P = 0.4674). Significant decreases in G1 (P < 0.0001) and G2 (P = 0.03) were observed with IL-10. There was no statistically significant difference in the salivary flow between the BRP toothpaste-treated group (P = 0.172) and the commercial fluoridated toothpaste-treated group (P = 0.329). Compared to G2 (P = 0.03), G1 showed a superior decline in the plaque index (P = <0.0001). After 28 days of using the toothpastes, there were no changes in the amylase, pH, or total protein indicators. After 28 days, there was a decrease in the propolis group's IL-10 dose and plaque index.

Supragingival dental biofilm profile and biofilm control during orthodontic treatment with fixed orthodontic appliance: A randomized controlled trial

ObjectiveThe effectiveness of supragingival dental biofilm control during orthodontic treatment and changes in the bacterial profile were analyzed. DesignSixty-four participants aged 12–22 years (57% female) were included in the study. Participants underwent orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances and were randomly assigned to one of the three groups, which during a period of one month: (I) used chlorhexidine digluconate (CHX), (II) used high concentration of fluoride (F) gel and (III) performed standard oral hygiene. The plaque and gingivitis index, pH of biofilm and white spot lesions (WSL) were assessed. Changes of the bacteria in the biofilm were analyzed by the quantitative polymerase chain reaction ResultsIncrease in the plaque index, pH of biofilm, and WSL was observed during orthodontic treatment with standard oral hygiene. Large interindividual variability was present, and the effects of one-month use of fluorides and CHX on clinical parameters were not significant. Despite standard hygiene the abundance of studied biofilm bacteria increased - the most Streptoccocus mutans (14.2x) and S. salivarius (3.3x), moderate Veillonella parvula (3x) and the least S. sobrinus (2.3x) and Agregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (1.9x). The use of CHX reduced S. sobrinus (2.2x) and A. actinomycetemcomitans (1.9x). Fluoride use reduced A. actinomycetemcomitans (1.3x) and S. sobrinus (1.2x). Fluorides better controlled S. mutans than CHX. ConclusionBacterial biomass in supragingival biofilm increased during treatment with metal orthodontic appliances, with greater increase in cariogenic bacteria than periopathogens. Fluoride controlled S. mutans, while CHX S. sobrinus and A. actinomycetemcomitans.

Status of Food Safety in Correctional Homes: A Mixed-methods Study from West Bengal, India

Abstract Introduction: Food safety and hygiene management are an important global public health concern. In correctional homes, people live with sketchy basic amenities and health-care facilities. Here the eating establishments run through mass self-catering services by inmates themselves. As noncompliance to hygienic and sanitary food handling can pose threat to food-borne illnesses, the current study was conducted to assess the status and bottleneck of safe food practice in eating establishments of correctional homes. Materials and Methods: A mixed-methods cross-sectional study was conducted over 10 months in three correctional homes of Kolkata. With pro forma based on Food Safety and Standard Rules, food and environmental hygiene of eating establishments was observed and thirty food handlers were assessed for knowledge and practice related to food hygiene. Two food samples from each establishment were collected for laboratory examination for contamination, if any. Superintendents and welfare officers were interviewed in-depth for barriers toward safe food practice. QDA miner lite, 2022 was used for the analysis. Results: All the three eating establishments were categorized as “poor” having total scores of &lt;50% in various facets of food safety and none of the food handlers scored above cut-off value. One food sample has showed bacterial growth after incubation. Content analysis revealed knowledge gap in part of handlers besides unstructured monitoring, lack of health check-ups to have maximum coding frequency, and strongest links. Conclusion: Food safety in correctional homes under the study at each step including monitoring is dreary. Training of food handlers and their supervisors besides regular health screening is the need of the hour.

Evaluation of a daily facial massage on perceived sleep quality and well-being: A pilot study.

Sleep disorders are widespread and constitute a major public health risk. The present study thus aims to investigate the effect of a facial cosmetic self-massage daily routine on women's sleep and well-being. The present pilot study was conducted on 62 middle-aged women declaring daily tiredness and sleep troubles. We examined the effect of a regular facial cosmetic self-massage routine on sleep patterns, daytime sleepiness, and well-being over the course of 2 months. After 1 and 2 months, our results show improved sleep quality (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, PSQI - -20.2% after 2 months), reduced daytime sleepiness (Epworth Sleepiness Scale, ESS, -31.2% after 2 months), and increased well-being measures. The number of participants with abnormal sleep (PSQI >5) decreased over the course of the experiment as well, from 71.9% to 49.2% at the end of the 2 months [odds ratio 95% CI for decrease: 0.38 (0.18-0.81)]. Similarly, the number of participants with excessive daytime sleepiness (>10 on the ESS) decreased over the course of the study from 44.3% to 21% after 1 month [95% CI: 0.33 (0.15-0.73)] and to 16.1% after 2 months [95% CI: 0.24 (0.10-0.56)]. These results suggest that a facial cosmetic self-massage routine may improve sleep patterns and is likely to be a useful addition to a standard sleep hygiene routine.

Health Workers Perception on Precautionary Knowledge and Practices in Secondary Hospitals and Isolation Centres for COVID-19 Preventive Measures in Lagos State, Nigeria

This paper assesses Health Workers' perception of precautionary measures, knowledge and practices in selected Secondary hospitals and Isolation centres for COVID-19 preventive measures in Lagos State, Nigeria. The study adopted a mixed-method research design. A sample of 302 respondents was obtained from Isolation Centres and Selected Secondary Health Facilities in Lagos State. The researcher used purposive and simple random sampling techniques to obtain data from the health workers. Through the administration of questionnaires and Key Informant Interviews, data for the study was obtained. The study found that about 201 (69.4%) of 290 respondents agreed that the information provided by the National Centre for Disease Control was adequate for the prevention of the COVID-19 Virus. guidelines: also revealed that all the Isolation centres studied had well-trained medical personnel and IPC guidelines on standard precautions, hand hygiene, and waste management guidelines; similarly, all facilities studied had guidelines for transmission–based precautions contained therein. The study therefore recommended amongst others that There should be adequate and efficient collaborations among all stakeholders in the fight against COVID-19 disease.

FEATURES OF THE MANAGEMENT OF PATIENTS WITH POSTPARTUM PURULENT-SEPTIC COMPLICATIONS

Postpartum purulent-septic diseases are one of the topical issues of modern obstetrics due to their high prevalence and absence of a downward trend toward reduction in the disease incidence.Aim. Іmprove the management of high risk puerperas to prevent the development of purulent-septic complications in the postpartum period.Material and methods. The cohort prospective comparative study included 78 puerperas who experienced spontaneous labour complicated by injuries to birth canals. The patients were divided into two groups according to the risk of developing purulent-septic complications and the management of patients. Group 1, (n = 20) included the puerperas who did not show any signs of inflammatory diseases of the genital tract during pregnancy. Group 2 included patients, who were diagnosed with various forms of vaginal dysbiosis based on the results of bacterioscopic and bacteriological examination of the genital tract. The group was further divided into two subgroups depending on the type of treatment. Subgroup 1 of Group 2 (n = 28) only received standard hygiene care, and Subgroup 2 (n = 30) received standard hygiene procedures combined with vaginal irrigation using chlorhexidin solution for 3 days in the obstetric hospital.Research results. The study resulted in improving postpartum care of high-risk puerperas to prevent purulent-septic complications.Discussion. The test results showed that the use of chlorhexidin in the postpartum period prevents the purulent-septic complications of puerperium, such as inflammation and disruption of perineal muscle sutures and endometritis, as well as relieves pain and discomfort, and improves the puerperas’ quality of life.Conclusion. Based on the study results, we recommend the use of this drug in the early postpartum period to prevent purulentseptic complications in the high-risk groups.

Efficacy and safety evaluation of alcohol-containing and alcohol-free mouth rinses: A clinical study

Background: This clinical study aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of alcohol-containing and alcohol-free mouth rinses in a controlled setting. With oral hygiene being a crucial aspect of overall health, it is essential to determine which type of mouth rinse is more effective and safer for daily use. Materials and Methods: A randomized, double-blind, parallel-group study was conducted with 150 adult participants. They were divided into two groups: one using an alcohol-containing mouth rinse, and the other using an alcohol-free alternative. Participants followed a standardized oral hygiene regimen for four weeks, using their respective mouth rinses twice daily. Key parameters such as plaque reduction, gingival health, and adverse effects were assessed at baseline and after the study period. Results: The results indicated a significant reduction in plaque accumulation in both groups, with the alcohol-containing mouth rinse group showing a mean reduction of 25.4% and the alcohol-free group showing a mean reduction of 23.1%. In terms of gingival health, both groups demonstrated improvement, with the alcohol-containing mouth rinse group showing a mean reduction of gingival inflammation by 19.2%, while the alcohol-free group exhibited a reduction of 18.5%. Importantly, the alcohol-free mouth rinse group reported fewer cases of adverse effects such as dry mouth and irritation compared to the alcohol-containing group. Conclusion: This clinical study suggests that both alcohol-containing and alcohol-free mouth rinses are effective in reducing plaque accumulation and improving gingival health when used as part of a daily oral hygiene routine. However, the alcohol-free mouth rinse demonstrated a lower incidence of adverse effects, making it a potentially safer choice for individuals with sensitivity or a history of irritation. Further long-term studies are needed to confirm these findings. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.23 (Special Issue) 2024 p.S97-S100

Combined Efficacy of Advanced Oral Hygiene Aids and Active Reminders in Maintaining the Oral Hygiene of Patients with Fixed Orthodontic Appliances: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Objectives To evaluate the efficacy of water irrigating devices, powered toothbrushes, and active repeated oral hygiene reminders on oral hygiene of fixed orthodontic patients. Materials and Methods This was a randomized, examiner-blind clinical trial involving fixed orthodontic appliance patients. Patients were recruited within six months of bonding on both the arches. Eighty patients were randomly assigned to four groups; groups 1 and 3 subjects received standard oral hygiene procedures and used manual orthodontic toothbrushes, and subjects in groups 2 and 4 used powered toothbrushes and water irrigators for oral hygiene maintenance during the study period. In addition, repeated oral hygiene reminders via SMS were sent to subjects in groups 1 and 2, whereas groups 3 and 4 subjects received only oral motivation. The principal investigator assessed the plaque index (PI) and gingival index (GI) at baseline (T0) and after 2, 4, 8, and 12 weeks, that is, T1, T2, T3, and T4, respectively. Results Group 2 and group 4 subjects showed statistically significant reduction in PI ( p &lt; .001) and GI ( p &lt; .001) scores at the end of study interval; however, the magnitude of decrease was less in group 4 in comparison to group 2. Intergroup comparisons between group 1 versus group 3 and group 2 versus group 4 were made to evaluate the efficacy of reminders. Statistically significant reduction was observed in group 2 as compared to group 4 at T4 ( p &lt; .001) when compared to T1 ( p &lt; .87). Conclusion Using powered toothbrushes and oral irrigators resulted in a statistically more significant reduction in plaque and gingivitis scores than conventional procedures. Active reminders had a catalytic effect in improving the oral hygiene.