Standard Germination Research Articles

Effects of Drought Stress on Germination and Seedling Growth of Seed Primed with Boron in Spinach

This study aimed to examine the effects of seed priming with different boron concentrations on the germination and seedling growth of spinach under drought-stress conditions. Seeds of the spinach cultivar Matador and sodium borate (Na2B8O13.4H2O) were used as materials. The seeds were primed with 0 (distilled water), 1, 10, 100, 500, and 1000 ppm B for 24 hours, with unprimed seeds serving as a control. Drought stress was induced by polyethylene glycol (PEG 6000) solution at a water potential of -3 bar and distilled water denoted as control conditions. A standard germination test was performed between papers at 20°C for 14 days. The germination percentage, mean germination time, germination index, seedling growth parameters, and root/shoot length ratio were investigated. The findings revealed that drought stress reduced germination percentage, germination index, and seedling growth of unprimed seeds of spinach. However, boron priming improved these parameters while mitigating the negative effects of drought stress. Under drought conditions, seed priming with 1 ppm B shortened mean germination time. Similarly, seedling fresh and dry weight of spinach were improved by seed priming with 100-1000 ppm B, whereas root growth was stimulated by 10 ppm B. The highest root/shoot ratio was found at 10 ppm B. Boron priming was more efficient in promoting seedling growth than germination in spinach. As a result, seed priming with 10-100 ppm B should be recommended to improve the germination and seedling growth performance of spinach in the event of drought stress after planting.

Effective Detoxification of Olive Mill Wastewater Using Multi-Step Surfactant-Based Treatment: Assessment of Environmental and Health Impact.

Olive mill wastewater (OMW) poses a significant environmental challenge and health concern in olive-producing countries, including Jordan. Surfactant micelles are frequently employed as solubilizing agents to enhance the water solubility of chemical compounds. This study aims to leverage the sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) micelles in a multi-step process to detoxify OMW for agricultural and industrial uses and reduce its impact. The OMW was treated in multiple steps: screening, coagulation with different chemicals, and distillation with different surfactants. The treatment steps were monitored using LC-MS, GC-MS, ICP-MS, chemical oxygen demand contents, and total phenolic compounds. The detoxification of OMW was evaluated using standard germination assays, MTT assays using tissue culture, and toxicity assays using fluorescence bacteria. Following the treatment, the seed growth rate improved significantly from 0% to 100%. The GC-MS revealed a substantial decrease in pollutants. The concentration of polyphenols was reduced to 2.5%, while the COD level decreased to 35%. The toxicity in bacteria was significantly reduced in a time-dependent manner, and the toxicity in human cells decreased by 95%. Additionally, between 50% and 95% of metals in OMW were removed. The multi-step SDS-based approach successfully detoxified the OMW and enhanced water quality, which would pave the road for its direct application in industry and agriculture.

Effect of Different Seed Priming Treatments on Seed Quality Components of Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)

The effects of different seed priming treatments, namely tap water, KNO3 @ 2.5%, Thiourea @ 1000 ppm, CaCl2 @ 2%, NaCl2 @ 2%, ZnSO4 @ 1%, KH2PO4 @ 1% and Salicylic acid @ 100 ppm solutions, on seed quality parameters of Barley cv. K-1055 and K-409 in Factorial Completely Randomized Block Design with four replications were investigated during 2022-23 and 2023-24 at the laboratory of Department of Seed Science and Technology, Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agriculture & Technology, Kanpur. Analysis of variance revealed that the all recorded seed quality parameters were significantly affected by various seed priming treatments. Priming with KNO3 @ 2.5 % showed maximum 1000 seed weight, standard germination %, seedling length, seedling root length, seedling shoot length, seedling dry weight, seed vigour index-I and seed vigour index-II.

THE STONE-CECH COMPACTIFICATION IN THE CATEGORY OF SHEAVES OF SETS

We consider the Category of Sheaves of Sets. The morphisms are chosen in such a way that a change of the base space is allowed via continuous functions. Following M. M. Clementina, E. Giuli and W. Tholen in "Topology in a Category: Compactness", we define a proper (E, M)­factorization system for morphisms and a closure operator with respect to M. The Stone-Cech compactification is defined for any sheaf (E, p, T) of sets by adapting standard germination processes to construct a sheaf over the Stone-Cech compactification BT (of) T. We prove that the sheaf constructed satisfies a suitable universal property characterizing the Stone-Cech compactification of a sheaf of sets.

A promising method for selecting imazamox-resistant sunflower plants

This study was conducted to investigate the potential of using the germination test as a model for screening imazamox resistance in sunflower plants . A standard germination test was performed by applying different doses of imazamox (control, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8, and 1.6 mM) to imidazoline-resistant (IMI-R) and susceptible (IMI-S) sunflower hybrids. Germination percentage, mean germination time, germination index, shoot length, root length, seedling fresh and dry weight, and phytotoxicity percentage for seedling growth parameters were investigated. The results showed that imazamox concentrations slightly affected the germination percentage of two sunflower hybrids at only 1.6 mM. Increasing doses of imazamox led to an increase in the mean germination time and a decrease in the germination index for both sunflower hybrids, following a similar trend. Seedling growth parameters such as shoot length, root length, and seedling fresh weight were significantly decreased by increasing imazamox doses. In addition, the differences between IMI-R and IMI-S sunflower hybrids were very evident for these parameters. The IMI-S sunflower hybrid showed sensitivity in the presence of imazamox, while no changes in the IMI-R hybrid were determined up to 0.4 mM. The inhibition percentage was higher in the IMI-S hybrid than in the IMI-R. It was concluded that the optimal dose of imazamox for the selection of resistant plants during the early growth stage was found to be 0.2 mM. The germination parameters were not good criteria for imazamox resistance, while root length, shoot length, and seedling fresh weight should be considered as selection criteria for resistance to imazamox in sunflower.

Effect of Productive Tillers on Seed Yield and Seed Quality of Sorghum (<i>Sorghum bicolor L</i>.) Varieties in Assosa District, Western Ethiopia

Poor management of sorghum tillers is a significant problem in the Benishangul-Gumuz region of Ethiopia, affecting seed yield and quality. An experiment was conducted to determine the impact of sorghum productive tillers on seed yield and quality. The study involved two Sorghum varieties (Assosa-1 and Adukara) and three plant types per spot. The treatments were aligned as RCBD and CRD in factorial combination, replicated three and four times for field and laboratory experiments respectively. Varieties influenced TSW (P < 0.0001), Number of tiller influenced by number plants head matured for seed production (P ≤ 0.0001), plants height (P ≤ 0.0004), The interaction effects of varieties and number of tillers per plant influenced yields, Panicle length (P < 0.0001). For laboratory experiments varieties influenced Speed of germination (P < 0.0001), number of Dead seeds (P < 0.0001). Number of tiller influenced Speed of germination (P < 0.0001), number of Dead seeds, shoot length (P < 0.004), Vigor index one and Vigor index two (P≤0.05). The interaction effects of varieties and number of tillers per plant influenced Standard germination (P < 0.001). The main shoot plants had the highest number of fertile sorghum heads (86.5), followed by primary tillers (27.08). Secondary tillers had the highest plant height (96.52 cm). The main shoot plant yielded more seeds than primary and secondary tillers, with the shoot exceeding these yields by 302.96% and 1333%, respectively. Primary and secondary tillers had higher percentages of dead seeds than the main shoot plant, 53.5% and 45.2%, respectively. The primary and secondary tillers experienced a decline in seedling vigour index one over different periods, while the main sorghum plant varieties, Adukara and Assosa-1, showed an upward trend. The germination percentages of the primary and secondary tillers were less than the 85% Ethiopian seed standard requirement. Because sorghum tillers lower seed quality, they should be eliminated for seed production. If sorghum is grown for grain production, secondary tillers have the benefit of raising overall yield production.

Assessment of physiological quality of commercial maize-seed lots for quality a ssurance in the Nigerian seed industry

Maize productivity in Nigeria fluctuates over the years partly due to the use of seed lots with poor seed quality. The aim of this study was to assess problems associated with physiological quality for commercial maize seed lots in the Nigerian seed industry. Fifty samples of commercial maize seed-lots of the same variety, 'Sammaz 15', were collected from 50 seed companies across the country. Moisture content, standard germination, bulk conductivity, accelerated ageing, seedling vigour and field seedling emergence tests were performed on the seeds. The assessments were conducted in two consecutive years. Across the years, mean seed moisture content was 10.6%, germination was 93.7%, bulk conductivity was 8.10 μS cm-1 g-1 and 1000-seed weight was 245.2 g. Mean values for length of mesocotyl, coleoptile, primary leaf, shoot and root were 30.7, 35.6, 65.1, 97.7 and 210.5 mm, respectively. Mean values for field emergence and accelerated ageing were 88.5 and 68.8%, respectively. There were significant correlations between germination percentage, bulk conductivity, accelerated ageing germination percentage and ageing index and field emergence. Correlations with moisture content were poor. The ageing test showed that storability was low. Breeders should select for seed with good storability to ensure quality maize seed production.

Standardization of the accelerated aging test methodology for snap bean seed to differentiate batches by physiological quality

ABSTRACT Seed quality is extremely important for the entire production chain, given that good quality seeds contribute to obtaining vigorous and productive plants. For this reason, it is necessary to evaluate the quality of batches through vigor tests to complement the results obtained from the standard germination test. Because snap bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is propagated through seed, this work was undertaken to standardize the methodology of accelerated aging test for snap bean seed compared to the standard germination test to differentiate batches in terms of physiological quality. The study utilized the cvs “Top Seed” and “Feltrin,” with 48, 72 or 96 h exposure periods and temperatures ranging from 15 to 40°C. There were four replications of 50 seeds for each condition. During the germination test, the percentage of first germination count and total germination were analyzed, and the vigor was expressed as a percentage during the accelerated aging test. The accelerated aging test for snap bean seed should be conducted at a temperature of 41°C, with an exposure period of 72 h, considering that this methodology allows differentiating seed batches in terms of physiological quality, contributing to decision-making in the seed production chain. The accelerated aging test was more efficient than the standard germination test in differentiating batches of snap bean seed, proving to be a possible alternative to evaluating the physiological quality of batches of snap bean seed.

Genetic Assessment of Germplasms for Anaerobic Germination in Rice

The present study was planned using portray method to screen rice germplasm lines for anaerobic germination (AG) by assessing seedling parameters. Among 266 lines studies, 121 exhibited variable germination % of 100‒17 under AG condition. Germplasm lines viz., RDR 7555, WGL 915, CSR 27, RGP 103, IRTON 103, IET 23993, RGP 60 and MTU NS1 were with highest germination capability (100%). Longest seedling length was recorded in WGL 915 (33.1 cm), RGP 57 (31.8 cm) and CSR 27 (31.2 cm). Seedling vigour index was maximum in lines WGL 915 (3310), RGP 57 (3180) and CSR 27 (3120). Genotypes CSR 27 (22.5 cm), WGL 915 (23.3 cm), RGP 57 (23.1 cm), RGP 103 (21.5 cm) and IRTON 103 (20.7 cm) are possessing highest tolerance to AG conditions with elongated shoot length. Highest root length was recorded in WGL 915 (9.8 cm), CSR 27 (8.7 cm), RGP 57 (8.7 cm), Indursamba (8.5 cm) and RGP 103 (8.1 cm). Highest heritability, genetic advance, PCV and GCV were recorded for seedling vigour index clearly highlights the importance of trait for simple selection. Highest significant positive correlation was observed between the seedling length and seedling vigour index (0.93**) followed by germination % and seedling vigour index (0.88**). Seedling length and germination % are important traits for seedling establishment in direct seeded rice under AG conditions. The 121 Germplasm lines were grouped into four clusters, cluster 3 and 4 has genotypes with above standard germination % (80%), highest seedling length (33.1‒20.3 cm) and high vigour index (3310‒2030). Present day task for plant breeders is to identify rice germplasm lines tolerant for anaerobic germination and to introgress the trait into the superior variety for development of rice pre-breeding lines with tolerance to anaerobic conditions and high yield [1].

Siberian Wildrye (Elymus sibiricus) Seed Vigor Estimation for the Prediction of Emergence Performance under Diverse Environmental Conditions

Seed vigor is an important aspect of seed quality. It is critical to predict seed vigor and plant seedling emergence under diverse environmental conditions using the laboratory vigor test. Accordingly, laboratory experiments were conducted to determine the standard germination (SG), early individual counts of radicle emergence (RE), mean germination time (MGT), and vigor index (VI) for 16 commercially available seed lots of Siberian wildrye (Elymus sibiricus), an economically and ecological important grass species. The field emergence (FE) for seed lots was explored using a three-year field trial from 2021 to 2023. Meanwhile, pot experiments were carried out to determine the seedling emergence performance under different environmental conditions, including control, drought, and salinity stress. The correlation and regression analysis were done to investigate the links between laboratory vigor test with emergence performance under both field and pot conditions. The results showed that the SG of 16 seed lots were high, similar, and did not differ significantly between seed lots. However, the seedling emergence performance (emergence percentage, seedling dry weight, and simplified vigor index) differed significantly between seed lots under both field and pot conditions. The SG was not significantly correlated with seedling emergence performance under either the field or pot conditions. The counts of RE at selected timing, MGT, and VI showed a significant relationship with seed vigor as reflected by seedling emergence performance under diverse environmental conditions, and we found that RE at 108 h was highly predictive of seed vigor and seedling emergence. The RE at 108 h and VI were positively related to seed vigor, while MGT was negatively related. The seed lots with low vigor had lower RE at 108 h and VI but longer MGT. Overall, both RE at 108 h, MGT, and VI can be used to estimate seed vigor and predict seedling emergence under different environmental conditions, and we highly recommend RE at 108 h as a quick, precise, and convenient vigor test and early warning sign for seed storage of E. sibiricus. These results will enable seed researchers, plant breeders, farmers, and government program directors to target higher seed vigor more effectively for E. sibiricus and similar grass species.

Soybean planting date and seeding rate effect on germinability and vigor of harvested seed

AbstractSeed is one of the most crucial inputs for soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] production due to its influence on plant population, uniformity, and yield, as well as its cost as an input. Seeds of good quality have high germinability and vigor, providing an adequate stand with uniformly good growth and development even under adverse conditions. This study aimed to measure the effect of soybean planting date and seeding rate on harvested seed mass, seed germinability, and seed vigor. Seeds were collected from a field experiment during the 2020 and 2021 growing seasons at two locations in Ohio: Western Agricultural Research Station and Northwest Agricultural Research Station. The study was conducted using a split‐plot randomized complete block design (planting date–whole plot; seeding rate–subplot) with four replications. Standard germination and accelerated aging tests were conducted in the laboratory using seeds harvested from the field study. All four site‐years demonstrated that planting soybean very late (June 16–July 1) produced lower weight seeds than the other planting dates. Across planting date and seeding rate treatments, the harvested seed germinability was ≥94%. However, soybean planted in early June (June 1–June 15) had the lowest seed vigor results (64%–81%) compared to other planting dates (80%–89%). Rainfall at R7–R8 development stages is negatively correlated with the seed vigor. The results will help seed producers optimize seed production and quality and suggest avoiding planting in June to increase harvested seed vigor.

Effect of different storage containers on moisture content and standard germination of mustard seed

Effect of different storage containers on moisture content and standard germination of mustard seed

Radicle emergence and seed imbibition tests as estimators of seed vigour in mexican Pepitilla maize landrace

Seed vigour of Mexican native maize was evaluated in 10 Pepitilla populations (PEP) and three improved varieties by radicle emergence vigour (REVT) and seed imbibition tests, in order to design a plant breeding programme to obtain native varieties with high seed vigour. As part of the REVT, protrusion percentage (PR), radicle emergence (RE), non-germinated seeds (NGS) and radicle length (RL) were measured. Additionally, the imbibition curve and the percentage of testa rupture were recorded. Radicle protrusion in Pepitilla seed lots was 73-94%; for improved varieties, it ranged from 69 to 94%. For ‘PEP-2401NS’, ‘PEP-2402AG’, ‘PEP-2406GU’ and ‘PEP-2410RP’, RE was equal to PR, so, neither of these genotypes produced a radicle < 2 mm; while, RE in ‘V 236P’ was 50% lower than PR. In addition, the R2 of 0.9630 between RE and standard germination suggests that RE can be considered a reliable test to predict maize seed germination. For NGS, ‘PEP-2402AG’ and ‘H-565’ showed 6%, and RL in Pepitilla was three times greater than for the improved varieties. After 36 hours imbibition, an improved variety registered the highest water absorption (49.8%), but all Pepitilla landraces showed higher testa rupture. In general, the Pepitilla populations had a high seed-vigour due to the rapid RE and a greater RL.

Radicle emergence test for soybean vigour testing

This study was carried out to determine the use of single counts of radicle emergence to test seed vigour and estimate seedling field emergence of soybean (Glycine max) seed lots. Results of radicle emergence (RE) (production of 2 mm radicle) at 20°C for 48 hours and 25°C for 24 hours, mean germination time (MGT), tetrazo lium vigour test (TZ) and field emergence (FE) were compared using nine soybean seed lots with standard germination above 80%. The single counts of RE performed at 20 and 25°C were significantly correlated with the MGT at the same temperature (R2 = 0.82 and 0.89, respectively) and with the TZ vigour (R2 = 0.96 and 0.93, respectively). The RE counts at both temperatures also estimated the field emergence of the seed lots (R2 = 0.74 at 20°C and 0.68 at 25°C). The TZ vigour results had a significant correlation with the seedling field emergence (R2 = 0.70). Results indicate that a single count of radicle emergence after 48 hours at 20°C or 24 hours at 25°C is an efficient option for soybean seed vigour assessment.

A seed vigour test based on radicle emergence during germination at 5°C for four forage species

Forage species play important role in both livestock production and environment protection. Seed vigour is a critical aspect of seed quality. The objective of this study was to develop a seed vigour test based on radicle emergence at a low temperature for four important forage species, Lolium multiflorum, Coronilla varia, Astragalus sinicus and Vicia sativa. The standard germination test (20°C) (SG) and cold radicle emergence (CRE) to ≥ 2 mm during germination at 5°C were determined for seed lots of four species in the laboratory. Field emergence (FE) was also measured, in April 2022. For four species, the SG of seed lots were high and similar, and was not significantly related to FE. However, the CRE counts at 11, 14, 18 and 7 days from sowing for L. multiflorum, C. varia, A. sinicus and V. sativa, respectively, were well correlated with FE, with co efficients of determination (R2) of 0.757, 0.815, 0.774 and 0.812, respectively (P < 0.01). These findings suggested that CRE during germination at 5°C has good potential in assessing FE and hence seed vigour for four forage species.

Surface modification of particles in a photochemical fluidized bed

Different techniques have been recently studied to promote the surface modification of materials. Surface modifications are used to improve the performance of materials in diverse areas, such as chemical processes, pharmaceutical industry and agriculture. Despite the considerable work in the literature on the subject, the experiments carried out were always conducted with small samples of the materials, and the performance of the treatment on a larger scale has yet to be evaluated. This work aimed to make the surface modification of particles of different materials by UV-assisted treatment in a photochemical fluidized bed. The purpose was to verify the feasibility of treating particles with UV radiation on a larger scale, something not yet found in the literature. The analyzed materials were two polymers and four types of forage seeds. The effect of UV radiation on the surface was checked using the water contact angle (WCA) and FTIR analysis. The treated seeds were also submitted to the Standard Germination Test (SGT) to verify eventual physiological damages and possible beneficial effects of the treatment. The results indicated a significant decrease in the contact angle of the treated particles of all materials because of the incorporation of oxygenated groups on their surface. In turn, the SGT pointed out not only that the seeds were not damaged by radiation but also that there was a significant increase in the agronomic index for two of the species studied. The data obtained in this work showed that the photochemical fluidized bed proved a viable way to carry out the surface treatment of particles with UV radiation, making it possible to conduct the process on a larger scale.

Study the Interactive Effects of Different Nitrogen Doses and Spacing on Quality Characteristics of Coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.)

Coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) is one of the most important spice crops worldwide, possessing varied medicinal impacts. It is majorly grown for its leaves; however, its seeds occupy a major place in various cuisines around the world. Several studies have reported the interactive effects of different nitrogen doses and spacing in coriander and provided valuable insights into the optimal conditions for its growth and development. In this sequence, the present study explores the effect of various nitrogen doses and spacing on coriander under field conditions at Research Farm of Vegetable Science, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar (India) during Rabi, 2019-20. Amongst all the treatments, treatment S3N3 (40×15; N@75 kg/ha) was found best for harvest index, Test weight, Standard Germination, Seedling Length, Seedling Dry weight, Vigour Indices I & II, and S2N1 (30×15; N@50 kg/ha) for minimum Electrical Conductivity. Based on this study, the following treatments can be exploited for sustainable coriander production.

Rapid viability analysis in Pterogyne nitens Tul. by the tetrazolium test

Pterogyne nitens Tul., also known as brave peanut, is a native tree species, with economic and ecological importance, occurring from the Northeast to the South of Brazil. For most forest species, the standard germination test requires a relatively long time to obtain results, which is why tests such as the tetrazolium test have been widely used, as they are a quick and low-cost test. Therefore, the objective of the present work was to establish the most appropriate procedure for conducting the tetrazolium test to evaluate the viability of Pterogyne nitens seeds. The trial was conducted at the Phytotechnics Laboratory, at the Engineering and Agricultural Sciences Campus, at the Federal University of Alagoas, Rio Largo, AL, Brazil. To define the most appropriate methodology for the tetrazolium test and ensure the viability of Pterogyne nitens seeds, a completely randomized experimental design was used, in a 2x3+1 factorial scheme, with two concentrations of the tetrazolium solution, three periods of coloring, plus a control treatment represented by the germination test, with four replications of 25 seeds. Only the cotyledons containing the embryo were placed in 50 mL plastic cups, and immersed in a solution of 2,3,5-triphenyl tetrazolium chloride salt, at concentrations of 0.05 and 0.075%, for staining periods of 2. 4 and 6 hours, in a Biochemical Oxygen Demand (B.O.D.) chamber at 30 ºC in the dark. For the germination test, the seeds were placed equidistant in plastic boxes with blotting paper and a volume of water equivalent to 2.5 times the weight of the substrate, and placed in a B.O.D. chamber. regulated at 30 ºC and a 12-hour photoperiod. Based on tissue color and health standards, seeds whose embryonic axis was pink in color were classified as viable, and seeds with a discolored embryonic axis or yellow or intense red color were classified as non-viable. In general, the results of the percentage of viable seeds of Pterogyne nitens obtained in the tetrazolium test presented values below 78%, showing significant differences in relation to the germination test with 95%, except for the concentration of 0.05% for 6 hours presenting 90% viability. The tetrazolium test proved to be efficient in evaluating the viability of Pterogyne nitens Tul. seeds, being recommended to be immersed in a tetrazolium solution at a concentration of 0.05% for 6 hours.

Environmental stability and genetic effect of soybeans differing in mutant allele combinations between rs and mips1 genes for soluble carbohydrate profiles

AbstractRaffinose and stachyose (raffinose family oligosaccharides [RFOs]) in soybeans [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] are anti‐nutritional carbohydrate components. Previous studies identified mutant alleles of raffinose synthase (rs) 2 and 3 and d‐myo‐inositol‐3‐phosphate synthase 1 (mips1) to increase sucrose and reduce RFOs content. Although earlier studies investigated the effects of rs2 and rs3 mutations, a mips1 mutation has not been tested yet. The objectives of this study were (1) to investigate the genetic effects and environmental stabilities of rs2, rs3, and mips1 mutations across 18 environments and (2) to evaluate germination rates of genotypes carrying these mutations. Sucrose was significantly affected by all environmental factors (year, location, and planting dates). However, raffinose was not affected by planting dates, and stachyose was only affected by location. The rs2 mutant allele (rs2W331‐) and mips1 showed the highest environmental stability for sucrose and raffinose, respectively. For stachyose, the wild‐type check showed the highest environmental stability. The lines with mips1 mutation showed significantly higher sucrose (11.1%) and lower raffinose (0.5%) and stachyose (0.6%) content than other genotypes across environments. The lines tested in field emergence tests showed no significant difference from the check. Lines with mips1 and rs2W331‐, respectively, showed significantly higher germination rates than the check in the accelerated aging test. In contrast, a line with mips1 showed a significantly higher germination rate than the check in the standard germination test. Desirable carbohydrate allele combinations will facilitate the development of new cultivars with modified carbohydrate profiles that are beneficial to human food and animal feed.

Seed biopriming using saline soil rhizobacteria from the coast of Kolaka Regency for enhancing seed viability and vigor of tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum L.)

The research was conducted to identify indigenous rhizobacteria that can be useful as growth promoters and adapted to saline soils. The isolate was isolated from saline soil rhizosphere on the coast in Kolaka district. The research was conducted in the Lab of Agronomy, on Agricultural Faculty in Halu Oleo University. The research carry out from April to September 2022. The study arranged in a completely randomized design (CRD) using of 15 test isolates. The test was carried out using a seed biopriming technique, then the seeds were germinated using a standard germination procedure. The results showed that all tested rhizobacterial isolates increase the viability and vigor of tomato seeds. There was an increase in maximum growth potential, seed germination, vigor index, and relative growth rate of seeds in the range of 85% to 89% when compared to control. There were 3 isolates of rhizobacteria which were more capable of reducing T50 and increasing seed germination of tomato seeds, namely KL6, KL10 and KL14 isolates. Further research is still needed to test the effectiveness of this isolate to increase tomato growth and yield under conditions of salinity stress in the field.