Standard Field Research Articles

Observational signatures of strong gravitational lensing in GUP-modified Schwarzschild black holes

We investigate gravitational lensing in strong-field limit by a static spherically symmetric GUP-modified Schwarzschild black holes having additional parameter ϵ . We found that inluences of negative and positive values of ϵ parameter differ from Schwarzschild black hole. We expand the deflection angle of the photon in the neighbourhood of complete capture, defining a strong field limit in opposition to the standard weak field limit. This expansion is performed for a generic spherically symmetric spacetime without referencing the field equations and assuming that the light ray follows the geodesics equation. We prove that the deflection angle always diverges logarithmically when the minimum impact parameter is reached. We apply this general formalism to Schwarzschild GUP black holes. We then compare the coefficients characterizing these metrics and find that different strong field limits characterize different collapsed objects. The strong field limits coefficients, such as the relativistic images’ position and magnification, are directly connected to the observables. As a concrete example, we consider the black hole at the center of our galaxy and estimate the optical resolution needed to investigate its strong field behaviour through its relativistic images.

Exploring optimal sensitivity of lepton flavor violating effective couplings at the e+e− colliders

We analyze lepton flavor violation (LFV) using the Standard Model effective field theory (SMEFT) framework at the future lepton colliders. Our focus is on the associated production of tau lepton with electron/muon at the electron-positron (e+e−) colliders, related to four-Fermi SMEFT effective operators. In accordance with the upper limits on effective couplings from lepton flavor violating tau decays, we conduct a cut-based analysis to achieve sufficient signal significance. We utilize the optimal observable technique (OOT) to estimate the optimal sensitivity of the effective couplings. The impact of electron beam polarization and the interplay of signal and background in enhancing the optimal sensitivity of the effective couplings are discussed in detail. We find that the sensitivity of flavor-violating effective couplings is enhanced by order of one for 3 TeV center-of-mass (CM) energy and 1000 fb−1 integrated luminosity at the e+e− colliders. Published by the American Physical Society 2024

Probing effective operators in single top quark production in association with a lepton-neutrino pair

We study single top quark production in association with a lepton-neutrino pair at the LHC within the framework of the Standard Model effective field theory (SMEFT). We focus on relevant two-quark-two-lepton operators (Olq3, Olequ1, and Olequ3). It is known that these operators have tiny effects on the inclusive cross section of standard model tW production and are thus typically ignored in the SMEFT searches. However, we show that by employing smart observables, such as mT2, the pp→tℓν process is significantly sensitive to these operators. We set the most stringent limit on the coupling strength of the Olq3 operator by reinterpreting the results of a search for new phenomena with two opposite-charge leptons, jets and missing transverse momentum at s=13 TeV performed by the ATLAS collaboration. The limits derived on the Olequ1 and Olequ3 operators are comparable to those obtained from probing EFT effects in pp→tt¯ℓν and pp→tt¯ℓℓ processes at the LHC. Consequently, we propose to include the effects of these three operators on the pp→tℓν process in future global SMEFT analyses to increase the sensitivity and to reduce possible degeneracies. Published by the American Physical Society 2024

The Impact of Grafting with Different Rootstocks on Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) Growth and Its Rhizosphere Soil Microecology

This study investigated the effects of grafting on eggplant growth, yield, and disease resistance, with a focus on microbial dynamics in the rhizosphere. Eggplant scions were grafted onto rootstocks of wild eggplant and tomato, with self-rooted eggplants serving as controls. Greenhouse experiments were conducted over an eight-month growing period, using standard field practices such as film mulching and integrated water–fertilizer management. High-throughput sequencing was used to analyze the biological properties and microbial community of the rhizosphere soil. Results showed that plants grafted onto ‘Huimei Zhenba’ and ‘Torvum’ rootstocks yielded up to 36.89% more than self-rooted controls, achieving yields of 4619.59 kg and 4399.73 kg per 667 m², respectively. The disease incidence of bacterial wilt was reduced to as low as 3.33% in the ‘Huimei Zhenba’ treatment, compared to 55.56% in non-grafted controls. Additionally, grafted plants exhibited increased stem diameter and chlorophyll content, with the TL/HM combination reaching 54.23 ± 3.17 SPAD units. The enhanced microbial biomass of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus, particularly in the TL/HM treatment (377.59 mg/kg, 28.31 mg/kg, and 36.30 mg/kg, respectively), supports a more nutrient-rich rhizosphere environment. Moreover, soil enzyme activities, such as β-glucosidase and phosphatase, were significantly higher in grafted plants, enhancing nutrient cycling and potentially increasing resistance to pathogens. Overall, grafted eggplants demonstrated enhanced soil microbial biomass, enzyme activity, and a more diverse microbial community, which are critical factors contributing to the improved yield and disease resistance observed in grafted crops.

Comparison of Geographic Atrophy Measurements Between Blue-Light Heidelberg Standard Field and Green-Light Optos Ultrawide Field Autofluorescence.

This study compared geographic atrophy (GA) measurements in the macula using standard 30° field and ultrawide field (UWF) fundus autofluorescence (FAF) imaging. Participants from Age-Related Eye Disease Study 2 (AREDS2) and Optos PEripheral RetinA (OPERA) studies with GA were included for comparison between standard field FAF with Heidelberg Spectralis and Optos 200Tx UWF FAF. Two time points 5years apart were evaluated. GA area (mm2) was recorded in the macular area for both imaging types and in the peripheral field for UWF. Of 102 paired images (73 subjects), the mean (SD) baseline GA area was 5.32 (6.36)mm2 with standard and 4.79 (5.87)mm2 with UWF FAF (P < 0.001). The mean difference between the two modalities was 0.52mm2 (95% confidence interval, -2.41 to 1.37). Progression of GA in 25 eyes over 5years showed a median annual growth rate of 1.28mm2 (range, 0.02 to 4.7) for standard and 1.34mm2 (range, 0.04 to 5.3) for UWF FAF (P = 0.49). The measurement of GA is larger on standard than on UWF FAF imaging. The observed difference may be due to image averaging and the use of blue versus green FAF. Similar GA progression with standard and UWF FAF suggests either may be used longitudinally, although not interchangeably. Further investigation is required with updated UWF technology. With the increasing adoption of UWF imaging modalities, this study suggests that Optos UWF FAF may be used longitudinally as an alternative to standard field FAF to monitor GA.

Completing the one-loop νSMEFT renormalization group evolution

In this work we consider the Standard Model Effective Field Theory extended with right-handed neutrinos, the νSMEFT, and calculate the full set of one-loop anomalous dimensions that are proportional to Yukawa couplings. These contributions are particularly relevant when symmetry-protected low scale seesaw models are embeded in the SMEFT, since large neutrino Yukawa couplings are expected. By combining our results with the already available gauge anomalous dimensions, we provide the complete set of one-loop renormalization group evolution equations for the dimension six νSMEFT. As a possible phenomenological implication of our results, we discuss the sensitivity of lepton flavor-violating observables to νSMEFT operators, focusing on the more sensitive μ → e transitions.

Simulation of an ohmic regime in the T-15MD tokamak based on the canonical profile transport model

mail: nrcki@nrcki.ru The canonical profiles transport model (CPTM), whose coefficients were determined from the T-10 tokamak database with a standard magnetic field BT = 2.3—2.5 T, has shown its robustness in ohmic regimes with a reduced magnetic field BT = 1.55—2.1 T. We used the CPTM for predictions of radial profiles and dependences of the electron and ion temperatures and the energy confinement time on the average plasma density for the T-15MD tokamak at the initial stage of its operation: the ohmic regime in a circular limiter configuration with BT = 1.0—2.0 T and plasma current Ip 1 MA.

Theoretical constraints on models with vectorlike fermions

We provide a set of theoretical constraints on models in which the Standard Model field content is extended by vectorlike fermions and in some cases also by a real scalar singlet. Our approach is based on the study of electroweak vacuum stability, perturbativity of model couplings, and gauge couplings unification with the use of renormalization group equations. We show that careful analysis of these issues leads to strong constraints on the parameter space of the considered models. This, in turn, has important implications for phenomenology, as we show using examples of the double Higgs boson production, electroweak precision observables, and the electroweak phase transition. Published by the American Physical Society 2024

The current trends in the development of methods and regulatory framework for indexing library information resources

The author examines the development of the basic concepts of indexing information resources using classifications and dictionaries of information retrieval languages. The impact of digital communications and the Internet on the indexing methods in the information environment, including the libraries, is emphasized. The modern library collections comprise various types of resources, both traditional paper publications and digital resources of various types, widely available on the Internet. In these conditions, harmonization of indexing methods with the principles of Internet information retrieval grows in importance. The author discusses the regulatory framework for indexing in the library sector and its relationship with Internet standards within the concept of Semantic Web. The author reviews the main stages of the development of the regulatory framework both on the international level and in this country. The author emphasizes the need to study the experience of other organizations in the field of standardization for further development of indexing technology.

The Λc → Λ ℓ+νℓ weak decay including new physics

We investigate the Λc → Λℓ+νℓ decay with a focus on potential new physics (NP) effects in the ℓ = μ channel. We employ an effective Hamiltonian within the framework of the Standard Model Effective Field Theory (SMEFT) to consider generalized dimension-6 semileptonic c → s operators of scalar, pseudoscalar, vector, axial-vector and tensor types. We rely on Lattice QCD (LQCD) for the hadronic transition form factors, using heavy quark spin symmetry (HQSS) to determine those that have not yet been obtained on the lattice. Uncertainties due to the truncation of the NP Hamiltonian and different implementations of HQSS are taken into account. As a result, we unravel the NP discovery potential of the Λc → Λ semileptonic decay in different observables. Our findings indicate high sensitivity to NP in lepton flavour universality ratios, probing multi-TeV scales in some cases. On the theoretical side, we identify LQCD uncertainties in axial and vector form factors as critical for improving NP sensitivity, alongside better SMEFT uncertainty estimations.

Comparative analysis of non-standardised aging methods for asphalt binder against standard laboratory aging and natural field aging

ABSTRACT This research investigates non-standardised and natural field aging methods, in comparison with standardised ones. Aging in the Rotational Viscometer (RV) for 24 hours was studied. Pressure Aging Vessel (PAV) aging time and film thickness were changed and compared with standard rolling thin film oven (RTFO) and field-aged binders. Finally, a conventional binder preserved from external conditions was tested over 24 months. Results showed that PAV-aged binders may exhibit greater susceptibility to changes captured by RV. The study also noted a higher increase in viscosities at lower shear rates over time in the RV. However, rheological results did not align with RV findings across all binders. Altering asphalt film thickness in the PAV from 32.5 mm to 25 ± 1 mm has a comparable effect to standard RTFO when the original binder is aged directly in the PAV for the same period of time. The recovered asphalt binder from a 15-year-old pavement showed similarities to 25–30 hours for high-temperature measures, and 55 hours for fatigue parameters indicating inconsistency between laboratory and filed aging. Finally, chemical changes indicated by carbonyl index showed that after 24 months of controlled environmental conditions, a conventional binder exhibited only 44% increase in the index compared to RTFO.

Complex dark photon dark matter EFT

We construct an effective field theory for complex Stueckelberg dark photon dark matter. Such an effective construction can be realized by writing down a complete set of operators up to dimension six built with the complex dark photon and Standard Model fields. Classifying the effective operators, we find that in order to properly take into account the non-renormalizable nature of an interacting massive vector, the size of the Wilson coefficients should be naturally smaller than naively expected. This can be consistently taken into account by a proper power counting, that we suggest. First we apply this to collider bounds on light dark matter, then to direct detection searches by extending the list of non-relativistic operators to include the case of complex vectors. In the former we correctly find scaling limits for small masses, while in the latter we mostly focus on electric dipole interactions, that are the signatures of this type of dark matter. Simple UV completions that effectively realize the above scenarios are also outlined.

First experimental confirmation of island SOL geometry effects in a high radiation regime on W7-X

Abstract This work characterizes the detachment behavior and radiation characteristics of the low&amp;#xD;iota configuration in the Wendelstein 7-X (W7-X) stellarator. The island scrape-off layer (SOL) of the&amp;#xD;low iota has a poloidal mode number of 6 islands surrounding the last closed flux surface (LCFS).&amp;#xD;The island geometry of the low iota configuration is significantly different to that of the standard&amp;#xD;magnetic field configuration, whose detachment characteristics have already been described in previous&amp;#xD;work[2, 3, 4]. Experimental results show that the radiation pattern in the low iota configuration&amp;#xD;is starkly different to that of the standard magnetic field configuration, with radiation concentrated&amp;#xD;at the island SOL O-points, rather than the X-points. Additionally, this O-point localized radiation&amp;#xD;pattern is associated with unstable detachment, with both radiation oscillations in experiments and the&amp;#xD;lack of a self-consistent plasma solution at high radiated power fraction in EMC3-Eirene simulations.&amp;#xD;EMC3-Eirene simulations are used to understand the radiation distribution. It was found that the O-&amp;#xD;point localized radiation arises first from local impurity accumulation near the parallel flow stagnation,&amp;#xD;which is located close to the geometrical center of the island (”O-point”). The local cooling in this&amp;#xD;region leads to plasma condensation in the islands in closest magnetic connection to the divertor target&amp;#xD;plates. The heat source to this region of the island, which is thermally isolated from the upstream heat&amp;#xD;source in terms of parallel transport, must arise via perpendicular heat transport. This heat source is&amp;#xD;expected to be large for the low iota configuration due to its very small internal island field line pitch.&amp;#xD;This work highlights the importance (complementary to previous work, e. g. [5, 6]) of the internal&amp;#xD;island field line pitch not only on the radiation pattern, but also the detachment performance of the&amp;#xD;island divertor.

The optimal way to use geoinformation systems with graphical elements of symbols of veterinary significant objects in vector format

A significant problem in the field of standardization in the monitoring of infectious animal diseases is the lack of a system of conventional symbols of veterinary significant objects used in geoinformation technologies, in particular in digital and electronic cartography. The object of the study is the conventional signs of veterinary significant objects, which in the context of display on digital maps can be defined as "non–scalable", marked with corresponding pictograms. A systematic approach has been applied as a methodological basis for the epizootological research method. The basic graphic format of the proposed SVG symbols is used – (Scalable Vector Graphics), which is a modern generally accepted vector format. This article presents the results of cartographic display of pictograms of one of the three sets of symbols for the database – veterinary facilities for various purposes – for which the method of selecting basic signs is used. An algorithm for fixing elements of symbols of veterinary significant objects in the vector format of the SVG geoinformation system with maximum use of free software and secure information technologies is presented. Images in SVG format can be directly represented in current GIS and converted to almost any vector and raster formats without loss of image quality. The algorithm for developing a system of symbols for veterinary significant objects will be used in the Draft of the preliminary national standard in the future.

Drivers of woody dominance across global drylands

Increases in the abundance of woody species have been reported to affect the provisioning of ecosystem services in drylands worldwide. However, it is virtually unknown how multiple biotic and abiotic drivers, such as climate, grazing, and fire, interact to determine woody dominance across global drylands. We conducted a standardized field survey in 304 plots across 25 countries to assess how climatic features, soil properties, grazing, and fire affect woody dominance in dryland rangelands. Precipitation, temperature, and grazing were key determinants of tree and shrub dominance. The effects of grazing were determined not solely by grazing pressure but also by the dominant livestock species. Interactions between soil, climate, and grazing and differences in responses to these factors between trees and shrubs were key to understanding changes in woody dominance. Our findings suggest that projected changes in climate and grazing pressure may increase woody dominance in drylands, altering their structure and functioning.

On the Principle of Relativity of Inertia in Both General and Entangled Relativities

Entangled Relativity is a novel theory of relativity that offers a more economical approach than General Relativity. It successfully recovers both General Relativity and standard quantum field theory within a specific (yet generic) limit. Furthermore, Entangled Relativity precludes the existence of spacetime devoid of the matter that permeates it. Consequently, I argue that Entangled Relativity is not only preferable from the standpoint of Occam’s razor, due to its economical nature, but it also aligns more closely with Einstein’s original vision for a satisfactory theory of relativity.

Correlating B→K(∗)νν¯\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$B\\rightarrow K^{(*)} \ u \\bar{\ u }$$\\end{document} and flavor anomalies in SMEFT

The recent measurement of B(B+→K+νν¯)\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$\\mathcal {B}(B^+\\rightarrow K^+\ u \\bar{\ u })$$\\end{document} by Belle-II reveals a 2.8σ\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$2.8~\\sigma $$\\end{document} deviation from the Standard Model (SM) prediction. Combining this with a prior Belle measurement of B(B0→K∗0νν¯)\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$\\mathcal {B}(B^{0}\\rightarrow K^{*0}\ u \\bar{\ u })$$\\end{document}, the upper bound of the ratio B(B0→K∗0νν¯)/B(B+→K+νν¯)\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$\\mathcal {B}(B^{0}\\rightarrow K^{*0}\ u \\bar{\ u })/\\mathcal {B}(B^+\\rightarrow K^+\ u \\bar{\ u })$$\\end{document} is notably smaller than the SM prediction. In this work, tensions are solved within the framework of Standard Model effective field theory (SMEFT). The flavor-changing-neutral-current (FCNC) and charged-current observables of either down-type (b→sνν¯\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$b\\rightarrow s\ u \\bar{\ u }$$\\end{document}, b→sℓ+ℓ-\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$b\\rightarrow s\\ell ^+\\ell ^-$$\\end{document}, and b→uiℓν¯\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$b\\rightarrow u_i\\ell \\bar{\ u }$$\\end{document}) or up-type (uj→uiνν¯\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$u_j\\rightarrow u_i\ u \\bar{\ u }$$\\end{document}, uj→uiℓ+ℓ-\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$u_j\\rightarrow u_i\\ell ^+\\ell ^-$$\\end{document}, and uj→sℓν¯\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$u_j\\rightarrow s\\ell \\bar{\ u }$$\\end{document}) processes, described by low-energy effective field theory (LEFT) operators, are interconnected by a minimal set of four SMEFT operators at the electroweak scale. Subsequently, we obtain the latest ranges of Wilson coefficients for these four operators through a global fit that accommodates flavor anomalies such as RK(∗)\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$R_{K^{(*)}}$$\\end{document}, RD(∗)\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$R_{D^{(*)}}$$\\end{document}, and B(B→K(∗)νν¯)\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$\\mathcal {B}(B\\rightarrow K^{(*)}\ u \\bar{\ u })$$\\end{document}. Our findings reveal that predictions for B(B+→τ+ντ)\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$\\mathcal {B}(B^+\\rightarrow \ au ^+\ u _\ au )$$\\end{document} and B(Ds+→τ+ντ)\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$\\mathcal {B}(D_s^+\\rightarrow \ au ^+\ u _\ au )$$\\end{document} align well with measured values from Belle and BESIII, based on the fitted coefficients. The predicted branching fraction for B0→K∗0νν¯\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$B^0\\rightarrow K^{*0}\ u \\bar{\ u }$$\\end{document} is (1.42±0.74)×10-5\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$(1.42\\pm 0.74)\ imes 10^{-5}$$\\end{document}, closely approaching the current experimental upper limit. Anticipation surrounds the rare decay Bs→τ+τ-\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$B_s\\rightarrow \ au ^+ \ au ^-$$\\end{document}, expected in the near future with a branching fraction on the order of 10-4\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$10^{-4}$$\\end{document}.

Quality of life modeling in Saint Petersburg and the Northwest regions

Subject: application of the quality economics methodology to obtain scientifically based assessments of the quality of life in the regions of the Northwestern Federal District. The purpose of the study: research development related to the search for possible areas of impact on the socio-economic system that contribute to improving the population’s quality of life in the context of digitalization (according to the data from St. Petersburg and the regions of the Northwestern Federal District). In the course of the study, a quality of life model was created for the regions of the Northwestern Federal District. A basic and comprehensive assessment of the quality of life was carried out, so now we can trace the more than ten-year dynamics of the indicator, group the regions, identify and justify their common and accusatory features in the context of the study. An analysis of individual characteristics of the quality of life in the Northwestern Federal District regions has shown that it is possible to measure the contribution that medical and demographic conditions, socio-economic well-being, comfort and safety of the living environment make to the quality of life indicator. Based on the results of the study, it was concluded that it is important to assess the contribution of these components to determine the direction of regional development policy. In the interests of revealing promising opportunities for obtaining algorithmic solutions in the field of standardization of quality of life management in the region, a new format of a multi-level quality management system is proposed. The use of a digitalized format for managerial decision-making in a multi-level quality management system will greatly increase their effectiveness by expanding the capabilities of analyzing complex data without clear relationships, including for forecasting and optimizing processes occurring at the local, regional, and national levels.

Navigating soundscape standardization: understanding barriers to the ISO 12913 implementation

This paper explores challenges and opportunities surrounding the implementation of the ISO 12913 series on soundscape, established by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) to standardize definitions, frameworks, and methodologies for soundscape research. Through semi-structured interviews with National Standards Bodies (NSBs) representatives and focus group discussions with soundscape experts and stakeholders, the paper unveils barriers such as a lack of national interest, resource constraints, and insufficient awareness and literacy about soundscape theory. This study offers an opportunity to the broader field of environmental standards, giving practical insights for overcoming barriers and promoting the (further) adoption of ISO 12913 for healthier acoustic environments.

Froggatt-Nielsen meets the SMEFT

We study the matching of Froggatt-Nielsen theories of flavour onto the Standard Model Effective Field Theory (SMEFT), upon integrating out a heavy Beyond-the-Standard-Model (BSM) scalar ‘flavon’ whose vacuum expectation value breaks an Abelian flavour symmetry at energies ΛFN well above the electroweak scale, ΛFN> ΛSM. We include matching contributions to the infrared dSM = 6 (Warsaw basis) SMEFT sourced from ultraviolet contact terms suppressed up to order 1/ΛUV2\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$ {\\Lambda}_{\ extrm{UV}}^2 $$\\end{document} in the Froggatt-Nielsen Lagrangian, where ΛUV> ΛFN is an arbitrary ultraviolet scale where further unspecified BSM particles are dynamical. This includes tree-level (one-loop) ultraviolet diagrams with dFN = 6 (5) effective vertices. We first do so with a toy model, but then generalize our findings to arbitrary Frogatt-Nielsen charges. Our results indicate a rich and non-trivial signature of Froggatt-Nielsen theories on the (otherwise) model-independent operators of the SMEFT, and we briefly speculate on extending our analysis to broader classes of BSM flavour models, e.g. non-Abelian and/or gauged theories. We thus take an important step towards determining how to use rapidly developing theoretical and experimental SMEFT technologies to gain unambiguous insight into the SM’s longstanding fermion flavour puzzle.