Standard Components Research Articles

Strategic Treatment and Assessment for Youth (STAY): A Theoretically-Driven, Culturally-Tailored MBC Approach.

Racial and ethnic minoritized (REM) youth are at greater risk for depression and suicide than their White peers. Despite this, REM youth are much more likely than their White peers to prematurely dropout of treatment. Culturally tailored and scalable engagement models to improve mental health treatment retention among REM youth with depressive symptoms and suicidal thoughts and behaviors (STB) are urgently needed. Strategic Treatment Assessment for Youth (STAY) is a theoretically-driven, culturally tailored measurement-based care (MBC) approach to treatment engagement for REM youth with depressive symptoms and suicide risk. Specifically, STAY uses MBC feedback processes to reduce perceptual barriers to treatment, thus improving treatment retention and ultimately, client outcomes among REM youth. In addition to standard MBC components, STAY includes a greater emphasis on providing a client-centered rationale for MBC which includes assessing and discussing treatment expectations, the use of individualized progress measures and alliance measures, and cultural competence training. The goal of this manuscript is to describe the STAY model based on initial theoretical development and preliminary clinician-informed refinements. Further, a case example of STAY is presented with a particular focus on the use of feedback processes. Finally, the current and future directions to empirically examine STAY as a treatment retention strategy with REM populations are provided.

Red cell distribution width: a potential marker of reduced femoral neck bone mineral density in men and postmenopausal women.

Osteoporosis imposes significant burdens. Early detection of high-risk individuals through simple indicators can greatly improve prognosis. Red cell distribution width (RDW), a standard component of a complete blood count, shows promise, yet remains underexplored. This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the association between RDW and femoral neck and spinal bone mineral density (BMD). Participants aged 20-79 years from the 2005-2010, 2013-2014, and 2017-2020 cycles of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) were included. BMD was measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). A total of 13,029 participants were included, comprising 6684 men, 3238 postmenopausal women, and 3107 premenopausal women, with the sample weighted to represent 98,712,128 people. After adjusting for covariates, RDW exhibited a negative association with femoral neck BMD in both men (β = -0.006; 95% CI: -0.010 to -0.002; p = 0.0053) and postmenopausal women (β = -0.005; 95% CI: -0.010 to -0.000; p = 0.0413). Subgroup and sensitivity analyses supported the robustness of these findings. A negative association between RDW and spinal BMD in men approached significance (β = -0.004; 95% CI: -0.008 to 0.000; p = 0.0557). Persistent trends were observed for RDW with spinal BMD in postmenopausal women and with both femoral neck and spinal BMD in premenopausal women. Our study suggests a negative association between RDW and femoral neck BMD in both men and postmenopausal women. These findings highlight the potential of RDW as a marker for identifying individuals at higher risk of osteoporosis.

Homogeneity analysis of medicine tablets by laser induced breakdown spectroscopy combined with multivariate methods.

Pharmaceutical tablets need to have a homogenous chemical structure, especially in cases where the patient may divide the tablet in half prior to consumption. This work aims to demonstrate the viability of using laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) for analyzing the homogeneity and determining the chemical composition of losartan potassium tablets. This was accomplished by obtaining the spectra of 10 tablet points in 30 successive laser pulses, which revealed four main peaks (C, H, N, and O) as well as a high concentration of calcium and potassium in the core tablets and titanium in the coating-all of which are excellent analytical objectives for LIBS. It is possible to say that the generated plasma meets the minimum requirement for local thermodynamic equilibrium because the physical parameters of the plasma, including temperature (T) and electronic density (Ne), were calculated throughout the Boltzmann plot and Stark broadened line, respectively, and the McWhirter criterion was met. In addition, T and Ne changes have been used for homogeneity analysis. Different peak comparisons cannot provide us with further data because the major structural components are similar, making it challenging to differentiate between them. So relative standard deviation (RSD) and principal component analysis (PCA) were used to comprise the whole spectra, which showed that the homogeneity of the tablet's core is better than that of the coating and is acceptable.

Deciphering Isotopic Fine Structures of Silylated Compounds in Gas Chromatography-Vacuum Photoionization Orbitrap Mass Spectrometry of Bio-Oils.

We introduce vacuum resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization (REMPI) with high-resolution Orbitrap Fourier transform mass spectrometry (FTMS) for analyzing silylated polar compounds. UV laser radiation at 248 nm sensitively and selectively targets aromatic constituents, while high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) enables high-performance mass spectrometric detection. This workflow enhances the detection confidence of polar constituents by identifying unique isotopologue patterns, including at the isotopic fine structure (IFS) level, in analytical standards and complex bio-oils. A direct and derivatized gas chromatography (GC) procedure on a polar standard component mixture allowed us to explore the general ionization and detection characteristics of REMPI FTMS. HRMS enabled the examination of the complex isotopologue profiles, revealing distinct patterns for the CHOxSiy-class compounds. Particularly in complex mixtures, this isobaric/isonucleonic complexity exceeded the classical mass resolution capabilities of the employed Orbitrap D30 series and prompted the usage of prolonged transients via an external data acquisition system. This procedure substantially improved mass spectrometric results by recording the unreduced time-domain transient data for up to 2 s. Notably, the ability to distinguish diagnostic isotopic pairs, such as 12C/29Si vs 13C/28Si with a mass split of ∼3.79 mDa and 13C12C/28Si29Si vs 13C2/28Si2, with an approximate mass difference of ∼3.32 mDa, demonstrates a significant and expected performance improvement. Finally, we benchmark the GC HRMS methodology to identify silylated oxygenated and nitrogen-containing constituents in ultracomplex bio-oil samples. The presented approach of utilizing the silicon isotope pattern and unique isotopologue mass splits for increasing attribution confidence can be applied beyond bio-oils toward the general GC analyses of polar oxygenates.

Design and validation of fixation points of polymeric components for the automotive industry

ABSTRACT The incorporation of polymeric materials in car structure components plays a key role in the automotive sector, enabling the production of more efficient and ecological vehicles. Among the many options to fix these components, there are clips and snap-fits, which not only facilitate assembly and disassembly, but also contribute to reduce the total mass of the car. This work aims to design and validate these fixation points of polymeric components using the Design Science Research (DSR) methodology. The work resulted from the need for a more rigorous control involving some internal standardized fixation points, namely interior trim parts. Experimental tests were carried out according to the specifications of the automotive brand, including the strength of the fixation points, to enable incorporation as standard components. Using the Finite Element Method (FEM), static simulations were performed in the Abaqus® software, where the conditions of the physical tests were replicated to correlate both tests and validate the numerical approach. Improvement of the fixation points was next undertaken, by making changes in the areas that were identified as critical. The improved fixation points were able to meet the specifications of the company and were proposed as new geometry for standard interior trim parts.

Development of a model-based modular building kit for sensor-integrating machine elements—Theory and application

AbstractIn the Priority Program 2305 of the German Research Foundation, so-called Sensor-integrating Machine Elements (SiME) are to be developed. These are essentially highly standardized components with integrated microelectronics. The present article presents the development of a model-based construction kit to support the design of integrated sensor systems for these new machine elements. A methodical procedure for collecting the development data required for modeling the modular building kit for SiME is presented and applied to four different cases within the project. Use cases, product structure and module diagrams were recorded and modeled for the machine elements screw, gear, coupling and feather key. These are then linked in SysML models to enable sensor systems for SiME to be configured in line with requirements. The modeling of the system architectures deepens the understanding of the underlying mechatronic system architecture and supports the identification of differentiation features as well as synergy potentials.

A novel pulse-modulated closed-loop artificial pancreas based on intravenous administration of insulin and glucagon

Current attempts to implement and apply automated control systems for the management of glucose homeostasis in individuals with diabetes are partly successful. In most semi and closed loop control systems to mimic the action of a normal pancreas in diabetes patients, insulin is administered subcutaneously. However, the parameters for insulin diffusion and transport time constants are relatively large and have wide individual variations. Therefore, deviation from a normal meal can result in suboptimal euglycemic control. Stable and reliable closed loop feedback control using continuous glucose monitoring under these conditions is difficult and needs regular interventions from the user. This article describes the translation of the endocrine physiology of a normal pancreas to an electronic equivalent. With this translation, the complex effects of a direct intravenous pulsatile method of insulin and glucagon administration can be simulated in accordance with physiological observations in a healthy subject and has been built with standard electronic components. This device is applicable for any individual and under any condition to automatically maintain the desired optimal euglycemic condition. The insulin and glucagon response control is presented in the same physiological pulsatile manner as is observed in healthy individuals.

Study of the Framework and Attributes of Ethical Standards in Journalism

It has always been difficult to create fair evaluation criteria for journalists, especially when it comes to judging morality and ethical conduct in news reporting. These guidelines function as yardsticks for gauging the ethics of news topics and the objectivity of journalistic techniques. These criteria are becoming more and more difficult as journalism changes, especially in the digital age. Fostering ethical journalism requires an understanding of its categorization and internal structure. This analysis employs a conceptual framework to explore the evaluation standards of news ethics. The method involves: Literature Review: Examining existing academic literature, ethical codes, and industry guidelines to outline the prevailing evaluation standards in journalism. Thematic Analysis: Identifying and categorizing the components of evaluation standards into normative and quality standards, assessing their relevance to different aspects of journalistic practice. Case Studies: Analyzing specific instances where journalistic ethics were put to the test, allowing for a practical understanding of how these standards function in real-world scenarios. The primary objective of this study is to clarify the internal structure of journalistic ethics evaluation standards and highlight the distinctions between normative and quality standards. By doing so, the analysis aims to provide insights into how these standards can be effectively applied to evaluate news behaviors and moral character in journalism. What is deemed ethical in one context may not hold the same weight in another. This relativity underscores the importance of understanding the specific circumstances surrounding journalistic practices. Historical Context: The evolution of journalistic ethics is tied to historical events and societal changes. Standards that once sufficed may need reevaluation to address contemporary challenges, particularly with the rise of digital media and misinformation. Complex Internal Structure: The internal structure of evaluation standards can be multi-layered, with different levels of criteria applied depending on the context and specific ethical dilemmas faced by journalists. This complexity requires continuous dialogue and adjustment as new ethical challenges arise. Practical Implications: Journalists and media organizations must engage with these standards actively, incorporating them into training and policy development. By fostering an understanding of both normative and quality standards, the industry can promote a more ethical and accountable journalism practice.

Curved flight procedure construction with site-specific statistical meteorological data: A Swedish example

This paper presents a study of using site-specific statistical meteorological data in the construction of curved flight procedures to explore its potential in reducing the environmental impact of air traffic near the airports. In the study, the statistical meteorological data which covers a 10-year period of time, from 2009 to 2018, have been collected for the air space centred two major Swedish airports, Arlanda at Stockholm (ESSA) and Landvetter at Göteborg (ESGG). Two procedure design practices, one is an area navigation (RNAV) standard instrument departure (SID) procedure from runway 08 of Arlanda airport and another is a required navigation performance authorization required (RNP AR) approach procedure heading to the runway 03 at Landvetter airport, have been performed and analysed. Applying the 95th percentile wind speed from statistical meteorological data, instead of the ICAO standardized tailwind component (TWC), offers varying benefits depending on the specific case. For the RNAV SID procedure from ESSA, the part of the designed departure path which is outside of the regulated noise dispersion area is significantly reduced. Whilst for the RNP AR approach procedure to ESGG, the smaller turning radius resulted from the lower TWC which is calculated from the local meteorological data makes it possible to avoid flying over an inhabited area. Besides the notable potential of noise impact reduction, flight distance shortening of 3.7 NM (RNAV SID ESSA case) and 1 NM (RNP AR ESGG case) compared to the same procedures designed on ICAO standard TWC have been observed. In general, the presented results are positive in supporting the use of local meteorological data in planning curved flight procedures during departures and approaches. A validation performed using an A320 full flight simulator has confirmed the operability of the ESGG RNP AR procedure from the design practice. In the full flight simulator, even with the 100th percentile wind condition from the collected statistical meteorological data, the designed RNP AR approach procedure can be operable considering RNP 0.3 corridor while a 30° bank angle is required for approximately 20 seconds during the turn.

Low-cost cascade thermoacoustic electric generator for energy harvesting

The cascade thermoacoustic heat engine has garnered significant attention for its ability to convert various heat sources into acoustic power without the challenges of acoustic streaming. By integrating it with a commercial loudspeaker, it can be further developed into a novel, low-cost thermoacoustic electric generator. This study aims to design and evaluate a thermoacoustic electric generator capable of producing several watts of electricity. The system consists of a cascade thermoacoustic engine, comprising a standing-wave and a traveling-wave unit, coupled with a B&C 6PS38 loudspeaker in a linear configuration. Atmospheric air is used as the working fluid, and standard market components, such as PVC and steel pipes, are proposed to minimize costs. Unlike traditional thermoacoustic generators, this system uses commercially available loudspeakers and a linear configuration, offering a cost-effective solution for low-wattage power generation, free from the issue of acoustic streaming. This makes it suitable for small-scale, distributed energy systems. The numerical simulation tool DeltaEC is employed to design and assess the system's performance. The optimal configuration is 4 m long, with the standing-wave and traveling-wave units centrally positioned. Operating at a frequency of 74.56 Hz, the system generates 90.18 W of electrical power with a total heat input of 1046.74 W and an external load resistance of 19.77 ohms. This corresponds to a heat-to-acoustic efficiency of 18.41 %, an acoustic-to-electric efficiency of 68.98 %, and an overall heat-to-electric efficiency of 8.62 %. The study also emphasizes the importance of operating conditions and impedance matching between the cascade engine and the loudspeaker. These findings represent progress toward developing an affordable thermoacoustic generator for energy recovery and other applications.

Mechanical Strength of Additive Manufactured and Standard Polymeric Components Joined Through Structural Adhesives.

The main aim of this work is to evaluate the mechanical properties of additive manufactured polymeric parts joined with standard plastic parts through structural adhesives. The primary advantage of this technique is its ability to significantly increase the size of the final assembly by using additive manufacturing (AM) for complex joints and inexpensive, reliable extruded plastic parts for load-bearing components. This hybrid assembly combines the flexibility and shape adaptability of AM with the structural strength and cost-effectiveness of extruded polymer parts, resulting in a final design that performs comparably to the base material. The materials used in the paper are rigid acrylic adhesive and toughened acrylic, both applicable with almost no surface preparation and fast curing. The 3D-printed parts are produced in ABS, while the standard parts are in PVC. First, the work is devoted to estimating the performance of the adhesives using pin-collar joints and a combined numerical and experimental methodology. The second section presents and discusses the results of two more realistic applications of adhesive bonding to hybrid complex joints. For the pin-collar joints, the results show failure mostly in the adhesive, with an average shear stress of 11.5 MPa and 5.22 MPa and a stiffness of 4449 N/mm and 3649 N/mm for the rigid and toughened adhesives, respectively. The results of the adhesive bonding of structural joints show that the adhesive is always capable of providing the load-carrying capacity required to achieve the strength of traditionally manufactured polymeric parts. The paper shows that adhesives are a feasible way to expand the potential of 3D-printed equipment to obtain larger hybrid parts partially realized with traditional technology, especially with inexpensive off-the-shelf bars and sections.

Особенности зачина публицистической статьи в современных СМИ Германии

The work is conducted within the framework of media linguistics. The aim of the study is to construct a structural-semantic model of the lead. As a result of the analysis, the authors conclude that the lead of a publicistic article possesses specific formal and content-related features. The lead conveys the content of the primary text of the article but functions as an independent communicative unit, possessing a specific set of standard content components. Based on their function, different components can be distinguished in the leads of publicistic articles. These include components of an exploratory nature, informing the reader about the content of the article, and components of a promotional nature, attracting the reader’s attention to the main text. Content components of an informative nature, in terms of their relation to reality, can be divided into objective components, describing certain facts and events, and subjective components, conveying the author’s attitude towards certain facts and events. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the fact that the work determined the frequency of different content components of leads and, based on this, constructed a model of the lead, the most common in the texts of German-language online publications.

Invasive neurophysiological recordings in human basal ganglia. What have we learned about non-motor behaviour?

Research into the function of deep brain structures has benefited greatly from microelectrode recordings in animals. This has helped to unravel physiological processes in the healthy and malfunctioning brain. Translation to the human is necessary for improving basic understanding of subcortical structures and their implications in diseases. The use of microelectrode recordings as a standard component of deep brain stimulation surgery offers the most viable route for studying the electrophysiology of single cells and local neuronal populations in important deep structures of the human brain. Most of the studies in the basal ganglia have targeted the motor loop and movement disorder pathophysiology. In recent years, however, research has diversified to include limbic and cognitive processes. This review aims to provide an overview of advances in neuroscience made using intraoperative and post-operative recordings with a focus on non-motor activity in the basal ganglia.

z ∼ 2 dual AGN host galaxies are disky: stellar kinematics in the ASTRID Simulation

We study dual AGN host galaxy morphologies at z=2 using the ASTRID simulation, selecting black hole (BH) pairs with small separation (), high mass ( MBH,12>107M⊙), and luminosity (). We kinematically decompose (using MORDOR) ∼1000 dual AGN hosts into standard components - a ‘disk’ (thin and thick disk, pseudo-bulge) and ‘bulge’ (bulge and halo) and define disk-dominated galaxies by the disk-to-total D/T≥0.5. In ASTRID, 60.9±2.1% of dual AGN hosts (independent of separation) are disk-dominated, with the D/T distribution peaking at ∼0.7. In dual-AGN hosts, the D/T increases from $17% $ at to $ 64% $ for , and the pseudo-bulge is the dominant component of the disk fraction at the high mass end. Moreover, dual AGN hosts exhibit a higher fraction of disk/large pseudo-bulge than single-AGN hosts. The Disk-to-Total ratio is approximately constant with BH mass or AGN luminosity. We also create mock images of dual AGN host galaxies, employing morphological fitting software Statmorph to calculate morphological parameters and compare them with our kinematic decomposition results. Around 83.3±2.4% of galaxies display disk-like profiles, of which ∼60.7±2.2% are kinematically confirmed as disks. Se'rsic indices and half-mass radii of dual AGN host galaxies align with observational measurements from HST at z∼2. Around 34% are identified as mergers from the Gini−M20 relation. We find two dual AGN hosted by galaxies that exhibit disk-like se'rsic index n12<1 and (D/T)12>0.5, which are in remarkable agreement with properties of recently discovered dual quasars in disk galaxies at z∼2.

Improving learning experience through implementing standardized team-based learning process in undergraduate medical education

IntroductionTeam-Based Learning (TBL) is a highly structured active learning methodology shown to have positive learning outcomes in undergraduate medical education (UME). While many medical schools have increasingly adopted TBL, there is considerable variation reported in the literature in the implementation of the standard sequence and key components of TBL. The extent to which this variation affects the benefits of TBL is not well understood. This study aims to assess the impact of implementing the standardized framework of the TBL process on student perception of the benefits of TBL.MethodsFaculty at our institute were surveyed to determine the frequency of implementation of TBL standards, as described in the literature. Second-year osteopathic medical students (OMS II) were surveyed for their perception of the experience of TBL at the beginning of the academic year. Curricular interventions targeting the enforcement of the standard steps and key components of TBL were implemented in a particular 6-week system course. The students were re-surveyed at the end of the course. Descriptive and thematic analyses were performed on quantitative and qualitative data.ResultsTwenty four of 31 (77.4%) faculty participated in the faculty survey, 53 of 105 OMS II students (50.4%) participated in the pre-intervention survey, and 72 of 104 OMS II students (69.2%) participated in the post-intervention survey. Faculty survey results indicated inconsistent implementation of key steps and components of the TBL process. Comparisons of student pre- and post-survey means of the perceived value of various aspects of TBL showed significant improvement in multiple aspects of the TBL process, including readiness assurance tests, immediate feedback, and application activities. Both before and after the intervention, students highly rated the value of teamwork and opportunities for practical application of concepts within TBL.ConclusionWhile medical students value teamwork in UME and professional development, their perception of TBL can be less than positive if not conducted deliberatively. Assessment of the implementation of the standard TBL steps and components and development of corresponding targeted interventions may improve the TBL experience of medical students. Our process could be generalized to help educators interested in improving TBL in their home institutes.

An updated method for identifying the formative factors in soil structure

AbstractSoil structure is a standard component of pedon descriptions collected to characterize the nature and function of soils as a natural body. Soil structure is an important indicator of soil development and a predictor of water, air, and root movement throughout the profile. However, inconsistencies exist within the current standardized methodologies used to describe soil structure in the field, making soil structure data difficult to use and often confusing to students encountering these concepts for the first time. Therefore, we propose an updated method of soil structure description to add an interpretive component that clearly distinguishes geogenic, pedogenic, and human‐induced structures. This method employs terminology that communicates both observable morphology and the mechanism of formation. The updated method herein differentiates three classes of structure: (a) geogenic structural formation (GS), (b) natural pedological structural formation (current nomenclature), and (c) significant human‐induced structure changes from natural pedological structure. This updated approach improves the documentation of scientifically relevant soil morphology and communicates the processes involved in the formation of all forms of soil structure. As a result, this change eases description challenges around soil structure and interpretations common in soil science classes, including soil judging.

Real-time automated quality control for quantitative MRI.

This work presents an automated quality control (QC) system within quantitative MRI (qMRI) workflows. By leveraging the ISMRM/NIST quantitative MRI system phantom, we establish an open-source pipeline for rapid, repeatable, and accurate validation and stability tracking of sequence quantification performance across diverse clinical settings. A microservice-based QC system for automated vial segmentation from quantitative maps was developed and tested across various MRF acquisition and protocol designs, with reports generated and returned to the scanner in real time. The system demonstrated consistent and repeatable value segmentation and reporting, successfully extracted all 252 T1 and T2 vial samples tested. Values extracted from the same sequence were found to be repeatable with 0.09% ± 1.23% and -0.26% ± 2.68% intersession error, respectively. By providing real-time quantification performance assessment, this easily deployable automated QC approach streamlines sequence validation and long-term performance monitoring, vital for the broader acceptance of qMRI as a standard component of clinical protocols.

A-211 Lipids in the Afternoon: Effect on LDL-C, Triglycerides, and Collection Time When Removing Fasting Requirements for Lipid Panels

Abstract Background Calculated LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) is a standard component of the lipid panel and an important risk factor in managing atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). Due to the assumptions in the derivation of the Friedwald formula, fasting (≥8 hours) and triglyceride levels ≤400mg/dL have long been recommended. More recent data have shown that in most cases fasting has minimal effect on results, leading to the endorsement of non-fasting lipid panels for routine evaluation of ASCVD risk in clinical practice guidelines. Furthermore, newer equations (e.g. Sampson-NIH) allow for more accurate estimation of LDL-C even in the presence of hypertriglyceridemia. Mayo Clinic has implemented the Sampson-NIH LDL-C calculation and removed fasting/non-fasting designation from lipid panel orders. We hypothesized that the change to fasting designation would allow more afternoon draws for routine lipid panels and that increased non-fasting collections may increase triglyceride levels, but that the Sampson-NIH equation would prevent bias in LDL-C estimation. In order to test these hypotheses, we analyzed patient data from 1 year prior and 1 year post-implementation. Methods Results of lipid panels performed for one year preceding (n=334,719) and one year after (n=381,804) removal of the fasting/non-fasting designation and implementation of Sampson-NIH equation were collected. Median, 10th, and 90th percentile of draw time, triglyceride, and LDL-C calculated by either Sampson-NIH or Friedwald formulas were compared by quantile regression. Results Draw times shifted post-implementation at the 10th percentile (7:06 vs. 7:10, p<0.0001), median (8:49 vs. 9:08, p<0.0001) and 90th (12:02 vs. 13:46, p<0.0001). No difference in median triglyceride measurement was observed between pre-and post-implementation (110mg/dL), but slight differences were observed in the 10th and 90th percentile values (60 vs 59mg/dL and 224 vs 229mg/dL, p<0.0001). No difference was observed in 10th, 50th, or 90th percentile LDL values when calculated by Sampson-NIH equation (56, 99, 153mg/dL); however, if the Friedwald formula is used, a slight shift is observed in the 10th and 50th percentile LDL values (54 vs. 53, 97 vs. 96; p<0.0001) but not the 90th (150mg/dL). Conclusions Changing to the Sampson/NIH formula for LDL-C and removing fasting vs. non-fasting designation from routine lipid panels had minimal effect on reported triglyceride and LDL-C values, while allowing increased flexibility in draw time and reporting of LDL-C on patients with triglycerides ≥400mg/dL. Patients with TG ≥400mg/dL represented 1.7% of the dataset overall, including 5,387 patients before the change in which LDL-C could not be reported and 6,697 patients in the year post-implementation for whom LDL-C was reported based on the Sampson-NIH formula. Using an equation that is robust in patients with elevated triglyceride levels and removing fasting requirements from routine lipid panels allows greater flexibility and convenience for patients while allowing for more even distribution of phlebotomy workload and reporting of LDL-C results for patients with hypertriglyceridemia without evidence of clinically significant bias in reported results.

Isolation and identification of the main components of garlic, Allium sativum, volatiles and their determination of repellent or toxic activities on green peach aphid, Myzus persicae

AbstractTo determine the control mechanism of garlic on Myzus persicae, volatiles from garlic plants were collected, and the components were determined by GC–MS. Then, the volatile extracts and standard components were screened by electroantennogram (EAG) apparatus and Y‐tube olfactometer, and the toxic effects were determined by the immersion method. The results showed the main components from garlic plant volatile were 2‐methoxyphenol, 2,4‐di‐tert‐butylphenol, diallyl disulfide, butyl phthalate esters, (1‐hydroxycyclohexyl) phenyl ketone, and 2,6‐di‐tert‐butylp‐cresol. The volatile extracts and the standard components had significant repellent effects (P ≤ 0.05) on M. persicae when the volume ratio was 1:100. The relative values of EAG from volatile extracts and diallyl disulfide were significantly higher than those of the other substances (P ≤ 0.05) when the volume ratio was 1:100. The toxicity of garlic volatile extracts to M. persicae significantly (P ≤ 0.05) increased with increasing concentration. After 72 h (treated), the adjusted mortality of the extract to M. persicae was 36.99% at 90 ml/L. The standard components had the significant toxic effect on M. persicae at 30 mg/mL, and the rates of mortality were over 78.95%. Thus, the results suggested that the volatile extracts and the four standard components from garlic plants had significant repellent effects and electroantennogram responses for M. persicae, and the toxic effects were stronger than the repellent effects for M. persicae.

Understanding the extent of caregiver involvement and needs in treatment-impacting activities.

187 Background: Caregivers are known to be a significant part of patient care; however, the extent of their role is commonly underestimated and they often feel ‘invisible’. COLONTOWN (CT) is a virtual colorectal cancer community providing peer support and evidence-based education for both caregivers and patients. As such, we sought to understand caregivers’ involvement related to treatment decision making and care delivery, and related gaps in support. Methods: Our online anonymous survey was posted in May 2024 to members of CT’s international caregiver community, who may be more active in their patients’ care than typical of the broader CRC population. It included 33 questions on caregiving responsibilities, effect of cancer on other life activities, impacts, support received/needed and 13 demographic questions. We identified a subset of 9 questions specifically related to treatment that are reported here. Results: All data was self-reported based on their patient’s time in active treatment. Of 359 respondents, 88% were female and 86% significant others/spouses. Their patients were 90% Stage IV and 85% in the US with 17 other countries represented. Caregivers nearly always participate in and often have primary responsibility in treatment-impacting activities (Table). This includes researching treatment options, where among the 69% in a primary role 31% have complete responsibility, managing side effects, and recording and reporting symptoms. 88% were always or usually at appointments and/or otherwise in direct contact with the care providers. Caregivers' roles, however, are not always recognized by their patient’s care team. Only 6% felt completely supported and 21% felt completely respected by their patient’s care team. 66% felt “Enhanced communication and collaboration with healthcare providers” would aid in their role in patient care. 56% indicated “more education resources for caregivers” are needed. Conclusions: Caregivers report assuming primary responsibility in many critical activities in patient treatment. The gap in recognizing this dynamic contributes to the challenges of caregiving. CT embraces the vital role of caregivers by offering dedicated caregiver resources and engaging them as equal partners in development and offering of all programs . Acknowledgement of the depth of the caregiver role is needed and more caregiver support should become a standard component of the patient’s care plan. Any shared decision-making processes and education should appropriately recognize and include caregivers as critical stakeholders as requested by their patient. Caregivers’ reported role in treatment-impacting caregiving activities. Activity Primary Role % Split Evenly % Support Role % No Role % Researching treatment options 69 13 17 1 Researching/managing side effects 64 21 14 1 Symptom reporting 47 24 23 6 Coordinating care 44 27 25 4