Stand-alone Monitoring System Research Articles

Feasibility study on intelligent bridge combined with smart monitoring techniques

This article proposes an innovative concept of an intelligent bridge system that integrates sensors, a processing unit, and an actuator to maintain bridge safety and performance even in the face of unexpected environmental changes and disturbances. Although technically challenging, this system is an exciting prospect for young engineers who aspire to contribute to cutting-edge technological advancements. As a practical example, this article presents an ICT-based bridge remote monitoring system called the "Intelligent Bridge," which allows real-time monitoring and control during extreme events such as earthquakes and typhoons. The Intelligent Bridge comprises a stand-alone monitoring system and a web-based internet monitoring system for bridge maintenance, which is introduced as an intelligent structure integrated into the intelligent bridge system. To verify the validity of the proposed system, it is investigated the ability to adjust cable forces on a 2-span continuous cable-stayed bridge model to control its structural performance. The development of an intelligent bridge system represents a significant advancement in bridge engineering and has the potential to improve the safety and longevity of bridges, particularly in areas prone to extreme environmental events. The system proposed in this article has practical applications that can benefit both engineers and the general public.

A field camera for MR sequence monitoring and system analysis

MR image formation and interpretation relies on highly accurate dynamic magnetic fields of high fidelity. A range of mechanisms still limit magnetic field fidelity, including magnet drifts, eddy currents, and finite linearity and stability of power amplifiers used to drive gradient and shim coils. Addressing remaining errors by means of hardware, sequence, or signal processing optimizations, calls for immediate observation by magnetic field monitoring. The present work presents a stand-alone monitoring system delivering insight into such field imperfections for MR sequence and system analysis. A flexible NMR field probe-based stand-alone monitoring system, built on a software-defined-radio approach, is introduced and used to sense field dynamics up to third-order in space in a selection of situations with different time scales. Highly sensitive trajectories are measured and successfully used for image reconstruction. Further field perturbations due to mechanical oscillations and thermal field drifts following demanding gradient use and external interferences are studied. A flexible and versatile monitoring system is presented, delivering camera-like access to otherwise hardly accessible field dynamics with nanotesla resolution. Its stand-alone nature enables field analysis even during unknown MR system states.

Chronic unlimited recording electrocorticography–guided resective epilepsy surgery: technology-enabled enhanced fidelity in seizure focus localization with improved surgical efficacy

Epilepsy surgery is at the cusp of a transformation due to the convergence of advancements in multiple technologies. Emerging neuromodulatory therapies offer the promise of functionally correcting neural instability and obviating the need for resective or ablative surgery in select cases. Chronic implanted neurological monitoring technology, delivered as part of a neuromodulatory therapeutic device or as a stand-alone monitoring system, offers the potential to monitor patients chronically in their normal ambulatory setting with outpatient medication regimens. This overcomes significant temporal limitations, pharmacological perturbations, and infection risks inherent in the present technology comprising subacute percutaneous inpatient monitoring of presurgical candidates in an epilepsy monitoring unit. As part of the pivotal study for the NeuroPace Responsive Neurostimulation (RNS) System, the authors assessed the efficacy of the RNS System to control seizures in a group of patients with medically refractory epilepsy. Prior to RNS System implantation, these patients were not candidates for further resective surgery because they had temporal lobe epilepsy with bilateral temporal sources, frontal lobe reflex epilepsy with involvement of primary motor cortex, and occipital lobe epilepsy with substantial involvement of eloquent visual cortex. Without interfering with and beyond the scope of the therapeutic aspect of the RNS System study, the authors were able to monitor seizure and epileptiform activity from chronically implanted subdural and depth electrodes in these patients, and, in doing so, they were able to more accurately localize the seizure source. In 5 of these study patients, in whom the RNS System was not effective, the notion of resective surgery was revisited and considered in light of the additional information gleaned from the chronic intracranial recordings obtained from various permutations of electrodes monitoring sources in the frontal, temporal, parietal, and occipital lobes. Through long-term analysis of chronic unlimited recording electrocorticography (CURE) from chronically implanted electrodes, the authors were able to further refine seizure source localization and sufficiently increase the expected likelihood of seizure control to the extent that 4 patients who had previously been considered not to be candidates for surgery did undergo resective surgery, and all have achieved seizure freedom. A fifth patient, who had a double-band heterotopia, underwent surgery but did not achieve significant seizure reduction. Chronic unlimited recording electrocorticography-guided resective epilepsy surgery employs new monitoring technology in a novel way, which in this small series was felt to improve seizure localization and consequently the potential efficacy of resective surgery. This suggests that the CURE modality could improve outcomes in patients who undergo resective surgery, and it may expand the set of patients in whom resective surgery may be expected to be efficacious and therefore the potential number of patients who may achieve seizure freedom. The authors report 4 cases of patients in which this technique and technology had a direct role in guiding surgery that provided seizure freedom and that suggest this new approach warrants further study to characterize its value in presurgical evaluation. Clinical trial no.: NCT00572195 (ClinicalTrials.gov).

English

Recent developments in the availability of low-cost integrated General Packet Radio Service (GPRS)/Global Positioning Systems (GPS) modem and publically available web based Geographical Information Systems (GIS)have enabled the development of embedded stand-alone monitoring systems. But there is no such technology, or method exists for fluoride monitoring in water and soil.This paper presents the design, implementation of remote fluoride monitoring system that utilizes online Map from a GIS in conjunction with the readily available public satellite-based GPS, and GPRS mobile networks. The system allows remotely monitor various fluoride sensors status via their mobile phone or by using the Internet. This system can also be utilized by people in fluoride affected areas, government organizations and municipalities to continuously monitor

Online Temperature Monitoring, Fault Detection, and a Novel Heat Run Test of a Water-Cooled Rotor of a Hydrogenerator

In this paper, we propose online monitoring systems for uninterrupted noncontact temperature measurement and detection of overheated water-cooled rotor poles of all ten hydrogenerators in the hydropower plant Djerdap 2 on Danube. The proposed stand-alone monitoring systems are based on remote infrared measurement and recognition of hot pole surface of the rotor. The main parts of each system are measuring device, industrial PC with the SCADA interface, virtual instrument, and related database. The measuring device is installed in front of the generator and consists of optical, analog, and processing units. The novel applied method of measuring remote temperature is based on the measurements of emission of infrared radiation from rotor poles in motion. Ten systems, for all ten generators in the power plant, are connected to SCADA. They are very useful for continuous maintenance without work interruption, and have vital roles in power plant such as fault detection and keeping electric power generating safe, preventive maintenance, and avoidance of damaging to rotor poles. These monitoring systems are also useful for the modern maintenance approach such as condition-based maintenance without generators' work interruption and better planned and preventive maintenance in the power plant. In this paper, we also present the use of the measurement system in novel heat run test on a rotor. This test is performed under the real exploitation condition.

Development of an integrated remote monitoring technique and its application to para-stressing bridge system

Bridge monitoring system via information technology is capable of providing more accurate knowledge of bridge performance characteristics than traditional strategies. This paper describes not only an integrated Internet monitoring system that consists of a stand-alone monitoring system (SMS) and a Web-based Internet monitoring system (IMS) for bridge maintenance but also its application to para-stressing bridge system as an intelligent structure. IMS, as a Web-based system, is capable of addressing the remote monitoring by introducing measuring information derived from SMS into the system through Internet or intranet connected by either PHS or LAN. Moreover, the key functions of IMS such as data management system, condition assessment, and decision making with the proposed system are also introduced in this paper. Another goal of this study is to establish the framework of a para-stressing bridge system which is an intelligent bridge by integrating the bridge monitoring information into the system to control the bridge performance automatically.

製薬用連続モニタリングに関するコンプライアンス，リスク，所有コストの比較 有線の，無線，および独立型モニタリングシステム

製薬用連続モニタリングに関するコンプライアンス，リスク，所有コストの比較 有線の，無線，および独立型モニタリングシステム

The software of the ATLAS beam pick-up based LHC monitoring system

The ATLAS BPTX stations are comprised of electrostatic button pick-up detectors, located 175 m away along the beam pipe on both sides of ATLAS. The pick-ups are installed as a part of the LHC beam instrumentation and used by ATLAS for timing purposes. The signals from the ATLAS BPTX detectors are used both in the trigger system and for a stand-alone monitoring system for the LHC beams and timing signals. The monitoring software measures the phase between collisions and clock with high accuracy in order to guarantee a stable phase relationship for optimal signal sampling in the sub-detector front-end electronics. It also measures the properties of the individual bunches and the structure of the beams. In this paper, the BPTX monitoring software is described, its algorithms explained and a few example monitoring displays shown. In addition, results from the monitoring system during the first period of single beam running in September 2008 are presented.

The ATLAS beam pick-up based timing system

The ATLAS BPTX stations are composed of electrostatic button pick-up detectors, located 175m away along the beam pipe on both sides of ATLAS. The pick-ups are installed as a part of the LHC beam instrumentation and used by ATLAS for timing purposes.The usage of the BPTX signals in ATLAS is twofold: they are used both in the trigger system and for LHC beam monitoring. The BPTX signals are discriminated with a constant-fraction discriminator to provide a Level-1 trigger when a bunch passes through ATLAS. Furthermore, the BPTX detectors are used by a stand-alone monitoring system for the LHC bunches and timing signals. The BPTX monitoring system measures the phase between collisions and clock with a precision better than 100ps in order to guarantee a stable phase relationship for optimal signal sampling in the sub-detector front-end electronics. In addition to monitoring this phase, the properties of the individual bunches are measured and the structure of the beams is determined.On September 10, 2008, the first LHC beams reached the ATLAS experiment. During this period with beam, the ATLAS BPTX system was used extensively to time in the read-out of the sub-detectors. In this paper, we present the performance of the BPTX system and its measurements of the first LHC beams.

The design and application of an inexpensive pressure monitoring system for shallow water level measurement, tensiometry and piezometry

Summary The measurement of water level or pressure is often a key requirement in the study of hydrogeological, hydrological and soil science processes. Modern microelectronics can provide a range of solutions for the automated monitoring of water levels in boreholes, rivers as well as more specialised applications such as tensiometry. The advantages of stand-alone monitoring systems when compared to manual measurement approaches are well understood, especially when the point of measurement is remote or the frequency of perturbation is rapid. For this reason the combination of a pressure transducer and logging system within a single package has been widely adopted in commercially available systems. However, although the price of these devices continues to fall, they may still represent a significant cost for researchers on limited budgets. We therefore present a design for a simple, inexpensive (∼£30) but versatile pressure monitoring system which can interface to low-cost (£50–£70) data-loggers. We demonstrate how the design may be adapted for a range of field applications which include: river level measurements, tensiometers, permeameters and in situ river-bed piezometers. The performance of the system is assessed and for each application the specific design and examples of resulting data are described.

A Stand-Alone Monitoring System for Reliable Unattended Operation of a Commercial Preparative LC/MS Purification System

Commercially available preparative liquid chromatograph/mass spectrometer (LC/MS) systems are commonly used in drug discovery research to purify large numbers of compounds made by parallel synthesis techniques. The systems in our lab are comprised of individual instruments that communicate continuously with control software in order to collect specific compounds based on mass triggering. Over time, communication errors may cause improper system operation, and excessive pressure during injection may cause system damage or a leak. The risks of sample loss and safety hazards precluded unattended overnight operation of the purification systems. A stand-alone monitoring system was developed to ensure proper purification system operation. Custom sensors and software are used to identify failures and remotely control power to the purification system. In response to a failure, the monitoring system will either shut down the purification system or, if possible, selectively reboot an instrument to allow continued operation. With the creation of the monitoring system, the purification system can be run unattended with