Stallion Research Articles

The complete mitochondrial genome of the extinct Pleistocene horse (Equus cf. lenensis) from Kotelny Island (New Siberian Islands, Russia) and its phylogenetic assessment

The complete mitochondrial genome from the Pleistocene stallion horse (Equus cf. lenensis) which complete skull was found in 1901 on Kotelny Island (New Siberian Archipelago, Sakha Republic, Russia) is published in this paper. The mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is 16,584 base pairs (bp) in length and contained 13 protein-coding genes, 2 rRNA genes, 22 tRNA genes. The overall base composition of the genome in descending order was 32.3% – A, 28.5% – C, 13.4% – G, 25.8% - T without a significant AT bias of 58.2%.

Surgical management of penile sarcoid in a stallion.

ABSTRACTThis report describes surgical management and breeding implications of a case of penile sarcoid associated with penis laceration in a 4-year-old Kurdish stallion. A large fleshy mass on the distal end of the penis that resulted in urethral meatus deviation and dysuria was detected in a physical examination. No evidence of local extent or metastasis was detected. Under general anaesthesia, the involved distal portion of the penis was removed through partial phallectomy. Histopathological examination of the mass confirmed a fibroblastic sarcoid. Partial phallectomy was successful for management of penile sarcoid and resulted in no postoperative complications or tumour recurrence in long-term follow up; however, successful ejaculation and semen collection have not been achieved.

Identification of serotoninergic system components in stallion sperm.

Assisted reproductive techniques have been used on several domestic animals to preserve desirable traits in strains of high genetic and commercial value; however in equines its efficiency rate is relatively low. To increase the conception ratio in stallions, some research groups have used pharmacological treatments which promote sperm hyperactivation in order to increase male's fertility rates. In this way, our previous work suggests that serotonin (5-HT) could be a good pharmacological candidate that facilitates conception rate in domestic horses. 5-HT is a neurohormone involved in several reproductive processes, i.e., it enhances hyperactivation, motility, and promotes the acrosome reaction in mammalian sperm, but it has not been described in the stallion sperm yet. Therefore, using both immunofluorescence and western blot techniques, we searched for and found some serotonin markers such as 5-HT, 5-HT1B, 5-HT2A, 5-HT₃ receptors, both TPH1 and MAOA enzymes, and serotonin transporter (5-HTT) in stallion sperm. In addition, we found a non-neuroendocrine cell, V-MAT₁ transporter, which has not been previously reported in mammalian sperm. Our results suggest that serotoninergic system is present in stallion sperm, which could be a pharmacological target to increase the conception rates in domestic horses.

European stallions have oriental ancestors

European stallions have oriental ancestors

Surgical management of severe trauma involving group of muscles around the brisket of Dongola breed of horse:A case report

Equine wound management is challenging to the veterinarian in practice. This paper presents the successful management outcome of a large wound on the brisket of a seven and half years old Dangola Stallion horse sustained from a road traffic accident. There was traumatic shearing off of the skin including the dermis and fascia of the thoracic inlet beginning from the ventral caudal end of the neck to the cranial border of both shoulders and there were two open wounds on the medio-cranial aspect of the right tibial region just below the elbow joint. All physiological parameters were within normal range. Continuous suture and interrupted patterns were used during the surgical procedure until all the exposed muscles were apposed. The surgery was successful, with good post operative care, the wound healed properly.

Studies on embryonic development in thoroughbred mares

This study was planned to determine the embryonic developments in 12 Thoroughbred mares. The follicular growths were recorded in mares from day 8 postpartum till ovulation daily by using ultrasound machine with 7.5 MHz transrectal probe. All mares which were detected with largest follicle size and a characteristic uterine pattern of edema (cart-wheel like appearance) were mated with stallion every second day. Ultrasonography was carried out daily from day 14th post-mating till day 40 (ovulation = day 0) for detection of early of pregnancy and to monitor the conceptus. Embryonic vesicle was observed for the first time on day 14 in all mares with mean size of 10.25±0.59 mm. The fixation of vesicle, loss of spherical shape of vesicle, detection of embryo, detection of heart beats, detection of allantoic sac and start of fetal ascent were observed on 16.75±1.52, 20.66±1.86, 25.08±2.23, 28.16±2.45, 27.83±2.43 and 27.83±2.43 days post-mating, respectively. It was concluded that ultrasonic detection of early pregnancy and embryonic developments studies is an accurate tool and simple way for estimating the age of pregnancy in Thoroughbred mares.

Isolation and molecular identification of Mycoplasma equigenitalium from equine genital tracts in northern India.

Although Mycoplasma equigenitalium has been implicated in equine reproductive problems, its prevalence is largely unexplored due to the lack of specific diagnostic tests. To address this limitation, the authors developed and optimized species-specific primer pairs that target M. eguigenitalium rpoB (RNA polymerase B subunit) gene sequences. The specificity of the PCR assay developed in this study was determined using 12 field isolates including the type strain of M. equigenitalium and other Mycoplasma species. In the field study, a total of 122 mare and stallion samples comprising of 50 clinical and 72 random samples were subjected to species-specific PCR assay to detect M. equigenitalium in equine genital tracts. Mycoplasma equigenitalium (MEG) species-specific PCR detected 22.13% positive samples; however, only 9.01% of the samples were found to be positive using the conventional culture technique. The PCR established in this study could be used for rapid, specific and accurate diagnosis of M. equigenitalium strains. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report addressing the development and evaluation of species-specific PCR to detect M. equigenitalium.

Estimation of infection of internal parasites in horses from different type of farms.

Studies were carried out in year 2014 during the pasture period (from April to October) in Warmia and Mazury Region. Fecal samples were taken from cold- and warmblood horses from individual and agrotouristic farms with the different housing, feeding and pasture- care practices. Total of 512 horses were examined (320 mares, 170 geldings and 22 stallions). In the group of 185 horses from individual farms, 119 animals (64.3%) were infected with gastro-intestinal parasites. Among the 372 horses from agrotouristic farms 169 (51.7%) were infected with parasites. Most of the animals expelled the eggs of Cyathostominae. In some individuals occurred eggs of Strongylus spp., Parascaris equorum, Strongyloides westeri and tapeworm of Anoplocephala. The number of infected horses from agrotouristic farms was lower than from individual farms, probably due to more regular deworming (usually 2 times a year) and bigger care paid to cleaning pastures.

Occurrence of jejunojejunal and ileocecal intussusceptions in a thoroughbred stallion

A 4-year-old, 600.4 kg stallion horse of German thoroughbred breed was presented at the Tehran University Veterinary Medicine Teaching Hospital, Iran, with a history of weakness of 2-3 days duration. The stallion died of unknown cause on the previous day. Abnormal findings during physical examination included an estimated dehydration of 3% to 5%, dark red oral mucous membranes, elevated heart and respiratory rates, stiffened feces, and absence of intestinal motility on auscultation. Postmortem examination indicated the presence of a jejunojejunal and ileocecal intussusceptions, 46 cm in length; a torsion of jejunum proximal to the intussusceptions was also noted. An ulcerative lesion, 6 cm in diameter, was found on the mucosa of duodenum. Large amounts of sand, coat hair, and hay mantling in bloody discharge were observed in a colonic impaction. It was an acute case that was evident by the involvement of intussusception and ulceration, indicating desquamation of the necrotic epithelial cells with edema and distinct infiltration of neutrophils. Histopathological examination confirmed that the ileum was the intussiscipiens to the jejunum that subsequently passed through into the caecum, and the mesentery probably tore as a result of the intussusception.

HERITABILITY PARAMETERS FOR SOME BODY MEASUREMENTS IN TURKISH ARABIAN FOALS

Summary The aim of the present study was to estimate genetic parameters of body measurements in Turkish Arabian foals. Records of wither height, front cannon circumference, heart girth, and body length were used for body measurements at birth, 6 months of age, 1-year-old and 2-year-old. Heritability of body measurements of Turkish Arabian foals was estimated by using records of foals sired by stallions which had at least 5 foals. Body measurement records at birth of 1597 foals sired by 40 stallions were used in heritability calculation of withers height, front cannon circumference, and heart girth. Heritability of all body measurements was estimated by paternal half-sib method. Estimated heritability ranged from 0.05 (heart girth) to 0.58 (wither height). Heritability estimates can be used to improve body measurements of Turkish Arabian horses. These results indicate that mass selection method based on the individual phenotype of the horses at different ages can provide genetic improvement in the herd. Phenotypic correlations between body measurements at consecutive age periods were all positive, ranging from 0.22 to 0.63. Thus, early body measurements of the Turkish Arabian foals can be used for prediction of the size of the adult horse.

Preliminary results using a new container for cooled stallion semen transport

TM (%) 76 9 50 21 63 16 62 18 62 16 33 21 49 17 49 15 50 21 PM (%) 37 9 25 17 34 15 35 16 34 15 15 13 24 14 24 14 25 15 RAP (%) 68 11 42 22 54 18 55 19 54 18 27 19 43 17 42 19 43 20 PMI (%) 56 13 53 14 60 11 60 9 59 11 41 13 56 9 55 11 53 12 a,b Values in the same row with different superscript differ significantly (P < 0.05). 6 ISSR Abstracts / Journal of Equine Veterinary Science 32 (2012) 475-518 494

Nephrosplenic Entrapment in Horses: A Systematic Review from a Meta-Analysis Approach

Left dorsal displacement of the large colon, also called nephrosplenicentrapment, occurs commonly in horses. A lot of factors including anatomic characteristics, breed, ageand gender, added to diet, take part in this disease. The aim of this study is to determinate the mainpredisposal factors that may contribute to the nephrosplenic entrapment using a statistical tool calledmeta-analysis. This study is based on the systematic and structured integration of the informationobtained from different clinical studies, all of them focused on the nephrosplenic entrapment, in orderto evaluate them as a whole and to be able to provide a synthetic and quantitative evaluation of theavailable studies. To achieve this statistical study we have relied on a series of scientific articlespublished from 1989 to 2010. We have grouped the different races found in the articles into twogroups: warmblood (n=52) and hotblood (n=30). As for sex, were divided into females (n=22) andmales, including both together stallions and geldings (n=60). Once performed the meta-analysis test,we can determine that males are more likely to present the nephrosplenic entrapment than mares, andalso warm-blooded horses are more likely to have this pathology than hot-blooded horses. Theadvantage of performing the meta-analysis is that the sample size used is much higher than in any ofthe articles reviewed separately, so the results are much more reliable.

Partial Results Regarding the Genetic Analysis of Romanian Furioso North-Star Horse from Slatina Studfarm: Important Ancestors

The study of important ancestors provides important information about ways to improve the analyzed population (the origin of the population, selection on the ascendant) and the possibilities of its further development (small number of ancestors, maintaining genetic similarity with outstanding breeding animal or preferring descendants from some individuals, can lead to inbreeding and genetic drift). Material was represented by Furioso North-Star horse population from Slatina stud, Olt county. Method used was „The numerator relationship matrix” (A matrix) elaborated by Henderson and Cuningham in 1976. The results reveal that the share of genetic relationship between males’ ascendants and population is 0%-25.17%. 11 stallions have a higher genetic similarity to population, between 20.29%- 25.17%.

Equine coital exanthema in a stallion

Em agosto de 2008, um garanhao da raca Mangalarga Marchador, de quatro anos de idade, com historico clinico de apatia, inapetencia e edema de prepucio e escroto, apresentou, ao exame clinico, exsudato purulento fluindo pelo ostio prepucial, prepucio e mucosa peniana com inumeras lesoes circulares de bordos elevados e hiperemicos, centro ulcerado recoberto por material amarelado de aspecto fibrinoso, com distribuicao multifocal. Histologicamente, a mucosa peniana apresentou areas de ulceracao associadas a infiltrado inflamatorio misto, com necrose multifocal e moderado acumulo de fibrina, que se estendiam para o tecido conjuntivo adjacente. O diagnostico morfologico foi de balanopostite ulcerativa fibrino-necrotica multifocal intensa, similar ao encontrado em casos de exantema coital equino (ECE), causado pelo herpesvirus equino 3 (EHV-3). Amostra de pele do prepucio e sangue, colhido em EDTA, foram submetidos a ensaios de PCR especificos para EHV-3, observando-se a amplificacao de um produto de tamanho esperado de 518pb. A deteccao do EHV-3 foi confirmada por meio de seu sequenciamento, sendo a sequencia de nucleotideos depositada no GenBank sob o numero GQ336877. As sequencias de nucleotideos e as de aminoacidos deduzidos apresentaram identidade de 99% e 100%, respectivamente, com a sequencia de EHV-3 disponivel no GenBank, numero AF081188. Apos 15 dias de tratamento, houve completa cicatrizacao das lesoes, com despigmentacao da pele, principalmente, no prepucio e na bolsa escrotal. Com base nos achados clinicos, histopatologicos, PCR e sequenciamento, concluiu-se tratar de um caso de exantema coital equino, sendo o primeiro com confirmacao definitiva do agente etiologico no Brasil.

ASSESSEMENT OF STALLION SEMEN CRYOPRESERVATION EXTENDERS

The researches were carried out during the breedi ng season of the year 2008, using three stallions o f different ages and breeds. In total, there were col lected 6 semen samples, 2 for each stallion, which were analyzed and preserved by freezing. We concluded that the semen extender used influenced the quality o f cryopreserved semen. The asessed motility and viabi lity depending on the cryoprotectant, stallion and sample, mainly showed a higher efficiency of one particular cryopreservation extender.

THE EFFECT OF DIFFERENT FREEZING PROCEDURES ON SPERM HEAD MORPHOMETRY IN STALLIONS

The evaluation of sperm quality is useful in predicting the fertility of sperm and is of great importance in maximizing reproductive efficency. This work used semen samples collected from 3 stallions and assessed for sperm morphometry (length, width, area, perimeter and ellipticity) before and after cryopreservation with two freezing extenders and procedures and then compared. Sperm freezability was judged according to the sperm quality parameters assessed. Cryopreservation succes was different between freezing methods. Sperm head dimensions were significantly (p<0.05) smaller in cryopreservated samples that in the fresh ones. These data suggest that changes in sperm head morphometry might reflect spermatozoa injury during cryopreservation.

Comparison between three extenders for cooling of stallion semen before freezing

Sao Paulo State Univ, Dept Anim Reprod & Vet Radiol, FMVZ UNESP, BR-18618000 Botucatu, SP, Brazil

Testicular and epididymal antioxidant activity in the Brazilian pony breed stallions

I.C. Bustamante-Filho a,b,∗, C.D. Pederzolli b, F.R. Zanin b, Â.M. Sgaravatti b, A.P. Neves a,c, C.S. Dutra-Filho b, M.I. Mascarenhas Jobim a, R.C. Mattos a a REPROLAB, Faculdade de Veterinaria, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil b Departamento de Bioquimica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul. Porto Alegre, Brazil c Faculdade de Veterinaria, Universidade da Regiao da Campanha, Bage, Brazil

“The Stallion Who Became a Gelding Who Became a Mayor”: Georgie Girl

Research Article| May 01 2008 “The Stallion Who Became a Gelding Who Became a Mayor”: Georgie Girl Peter Limbrick Peter Limbrick Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Camera Obscura (2008) 23 (1 (67)): 184–193. https://doi.org/10.1215/02705346-2007-032 Cite Icon Cite Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Permissions Search Site Citation Peter Limbrick; “The Stallion Who Became a Gelding Who Became a Mayor”: Georgie Girl. Camera Obscura 1 May 2008; 23 (1 (67)): 184–193. doi: https://doi.org/10.1215/02705346-2007-032 Download citation file: Zotero Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search Books & JournalsAll JournalsCamera Obscura Search Advanced Search The text of this article is only available as a PDF. Camera Obscura2008 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.

TRAUMATIC URINARY DIVERSION CAUSED BY GUNSHOT INJURY IN A STALLION

Summary A seven-year-old stallion with diversion of urinary pass to the thigh due to a urethral fistula caused by gunshot perineal injury was presented to the Urmia University, Veterinary Teaching Hospital. No signs of urinary obstruction or renal failure were observed. Because of inaccessible location of the injured urethra, through a perineal urethrotomy incision, a urinary catheter was effectively advanced to repel the obstruction into the bladder. Retrograde urethral catheterization was adopted for 5 days to assist mucosal healing. Healing was uneventful and no complications were observed during one month postoperative. Key words: Fistula, Urethra, Gunshot, Stallion Introduction The urethra, a muscular tube lined by mucosa, serves as the normal conduit for urine flow to the exterior of the body after birth. The male urethra connects the bladder to the glans penis and consists of pelvic and extrapelvic segments (Sisson and Grossman, 1975). Disorders of the equine penis and urethra that require surgery are principally limited to conditions involving urolithiasis, soft tissue obstructions, contusions, and lacerations (Trotter