Stakeholder Analysis Methods Research Articles

Interactive Stakeholder Dynamics in Affordable Housing Projects: A Non Linear Analysis

The development of public housing in the form of public housing necessitates meticulous execution by 'stakeholders'. This study aims to identify and eliminate defects in the implementation of public housing rules that have a major influence on the fundamental goal of public housing or impede beneficiaries from receiving the benefits to which they are entitled. As a result, it is critical to analyse those characteristics or aspects in public housing at the implementation level. The Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojna (Urban) - Housing for All in India was supposed to finish in 2022, but due to a failure to fulfil targets, it has been extended until December 2024. Because stakeholders are primarily active in the Affordable Housing in Partnership (AHP) component of the PMAY-U, this study will concentrate solely on that component. The methodology included the Stakeholder Analysis (SA) method, which divides stakeholders into four groups, as well as a one-on-one discussion on independent stakeholders, resulting in the discovery of both single and many faces. The same stakeholder has different personalities in different jobs, but they all have the same goal in mind: meeting the PMAY targets. Ground reality is transitioning from a defined employment to a diverting function for a variety of reasons. Their institutional variance has a significant impact on the entire implementation process of the PMAY(U)-UP.

STAKEHOLDER ANALYSIS IN E-LEARNING EDUCATION OF THE DIGITAL ECONOMY

Successful implementation of e-learning platforms in education requires careful consideration of all parties involved, commonly referred to as stakeholders. Understanding their interests, power and expectations is key to strategies for creating e-learning educational platforms. The article examines the principles and methods of stakeholder analysis for the development of e-learning platforms in education. In particular, the research work identified the main groups of stakeholders of e-learning processes, dividing them into different groups. Various analytical tools were also used for stakeholder analysis, such as the stakeholder map, which determines the power and influence of a group of stakeholders on the development of e-learning educational projects. Moreover, the article analyzed the development of the online education market at the global level in recent years. In particular, the educational app sector in the world was examined, including the number of educational apps and the usage of educational apps in recent years. It also analyzed the world’s most popular online education course applications, which have become more integrated into workers’ career development. In this regard, the development of various online learning platforms in Kazakhstan is also relevant in the era of the development of new digital technologies. This topic affects not only the individual perspectives of students but also the country’s competitiveness in the global economy. Keywords: e-learning education, digital economy, digital transformation, stakeholder analysis, stakeholder map, IT project.

Technical and financial interactions between Iran groundwater institutions: A stakeholder analysis approach

The over-exploitation of groundwater resources (GWR) by the agricultural sector in Lorestan province in the west of Iran has been blamed for the severe depletion of groundwater and irreparable damages to them in this province. This problem partially originates from poor institutional interactions between groundwater institutions especially, their technical and financial interactive links. In this regard, a prerequisite is to study the interactions of the institutions, identify stakeholder institutions, categorize them, and then, study their interactive links. The process of identifying, categorizing, and studying the links of these institutions can be performed by the stakeholder analysis (SA) method. Therefore, based on this method the groundwater institutions related to agricultural sector of Lorestan province were identified, they were categorized according to the interest-power matrix, and their (technical and financial) interactive links were investigated by the social network analysis (SNA) method. Based on the results, 25 institutions were identified as groundwater institutions related to agricultural sector of Lorestan province. According to the interest- power matrix, the institutions located in the two upper categories, i.e, Key Players and Subjects, are the most important groundwater institutions related to agricultural sector of this province. The SNA shows that the institutions have, in general, poor technical and financial interactions and most technical and financial interaction links are the disposal of some limited institutions, which are mostly from the public sector. Policymaking experts have so far identified institutions related to groundwater resources management (GWRM) by relying on their limited information and subjective experience. In this regard, SA method is a comprehensive method to identify relevant institutions, categorize them, and study their interaction links. This study might have significant policy implications for groundwater management concerns in western Iran and the arid and semi-arid regions of the Middle East. The results of this study not only helps policy makers in decisions related to GWRM but also in the analysis and policy-making related to it.

FORMATION OF HYBRID ORGANIC AGRI-FOOD SYSTEMS BASED ON CONSORTIUMS

The article discusses the hypothesis of combining small and large producers of organic food into associations and consortiums, where each business entity will receive certain advantages. In the course of the study, the author took into account the features of the types and experience of state support for existing organic agro-food systems, the main beneficiaries of the progressive development of these systems. The study is based on the synthesis of types of modern, traditional and mixed organic agro-food systems, which made it possible to identify the possibility of forming a new type of system — ​hybrid organic agri-food systems. The results of the study showed that cooperatives and associations can become the most acceptable forms of hybrid systems at the initial stage of their formation. The addition of an agro-industrial holding to the system will allow the formation of consortiums, which are proposed to be considered as the main form of hybrid organic agri-food systems and a mechanism for scaling them up to create export sectors based on small and medium-­sized businesses. In order to identify the interests of the main beneficiaries of the consortiums, the stakeholder analysis method was used, which shows that it is the state that is the main recipient of the positive effects from the development of hybrid organic agro-food systems. These effects include: preservation of natural capital, reduction of unemployment in rural areas, slowing down the rate of rural migration, involvement in the circulation of unused land, strengthening the health of the nation and increasing farmers’ incomes. At the same time, a necessary condition for the formation and scaling of organic consortiums are state support measures that can be aimed at stimulating the interaction of business entities and protecting the interests of small farmers.

VFT and AHP Approach to Selecting the Best Option in Decision-Making at PLN: A Case Study in the Cawang-Gandul Project

PLN EIC is one of PLN’s business units and is responsible for the development of electrical infrastructure in the working area of DKI Jakarta, Banten Province, and its surroundings. One of the national strategic projects included in the PLN is the 500 kV Cawang Baru II/Cililitan-Gandul transmission line project, with a COD target of 2026. The delay in the completion of this project and the non-fulfillment of stakeholders’ expectations will certainly have a broad impact on the operation of the electricity system, the impact on PLN’s financial performance, the social impact, the environmental impact, as well as the direct impact on the performance and image of PLN EIC. This research aims to assist management in making decisions related to the best transmission line design for the Cawang-Gandul project so that project completion can be on time and in accordance with stakeholder expectations. In this research, several methodological approaches were used to gain a broader and more complete understanding. The Problem Tree Analysis approach, combined with brainstorming and structured interview techniques, was used to explore business issues. Two complementary approaches, namely Value-Focused Thinking (VFT) and the Stakeholder Analysis method, are used to formulate stakeholder expectations and will become guidelines for formulating alternative strategies. Using a structured interview technique, 4 alternative strategies were formulated in the form of the transmission line design, namely (1) Compact Lattice Tower, (2) Underground Cable, (3) Combine Design (Compact Lattice Tower + Underground Cable), and (4) Steel Pole Tower. The next methodological approach uses the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) to determine the best transmission line design, which is then analyzed using AHP Super Decision software. The results of this research show that the Underground Cable design is the best design alternative that can be implemented in the Cawang-Gandul project with several advantages, namely minimal social conflict, easy implementation, and a relatively faster work process. The final stage of research is to make an implementation plan.

Stakeholders and Their Participation in Foresight Projects

With the expansion of the scope of foresight research, the role and importance of various participants in the relevant projects and the users of their results - stakeholders - simultaneously increase. Whereas previously a significant part of foresight projects were carried out with the involvement of professional experts, in many recent studies the circle of their participants is becoming more diverse and an increasing role belongs to members of the public and other potential beneficiaries. This article explores the theory and best practices of applying the stakeholder analysis method in foresight projects, and an attempt is made to systematically characterize this approach. The place and role of various stakeholders in foresight projects are considered, the main problems, opportunities, and recommendations for using the method are assessed, and the features of its application in conjunction with other foresight methods are characterized.

Identifying, categorising, and mapping actors involved in resilience in healthcare: a qualitative stakeholder analysis

BackgroundResilience in healthcare is the capacity to adapt to challenges and changes to maintain high-quality care across system levels. While healthcare system stakeholders such as patients, informal carers, healthcare professionals and service managers have all come to be acknowledged as important co-creators of resilient healthcare, our knowledge and understanding of who, how, and in which contexts different stakeholders come to facilitate and support resilience is still lacking. This study addresses gaps in the research by conducting a stakeholder analysis to identify and categorise the stakeholders that are key to facilitating and sustaining resilience in healthcare, and to investigate stakeholder relationships relevant for the enactment of resilient healthcare systems.MethodsThe stakeholder analysis was conducted using a sample of 19 empirical research projects. A narrative summary was written for 14 of the projects, based on publicly available material. In addition, 16 individual interviews were undertaken with researchers from the same sample of 19 projects. The 16 interview transcripts and 14 narratives made up the data material of the study. Application of stakeholder analysis methods was done in three steps: a) identification of stakeholders; b) differentiation and categorisation of stakeholders using an interest/influence grid; and c) investigation and mapping of stakeholder relationships using an actor-linkage matrix.ResultsIdentified stakeholders were Patients, Family Carers, Healthcare Professionals, Ward/Unit Managers, Service or Case Managers, Regulatory Investigators, Policy Makers, and Other Service Providers. All identified stakeholders were categorised as either ‘Subjects’, ‘Players’, or ‘Context Setters’ according to their level of interest in and influence on resilient healthcare. Stakeholder relationships were mapped according to the degree and type of contact between the various groups of stakeholders involved in facilitating resilient healthcare, ranging from ‘Not linked’ to ‘Fully linked’.ConclusionFamily carers and healthcare professionals were found to be the most active groups of stakeholders in the enactment of healthcare system resilience. Patients, managers, and policy makers also contribute to resilience to various degrees. Relationships between stakeholder groups are largely characterised by communication and coordination, in addition to formal collaborations where diverse actors work together to achieve common goals.

Distribution of Benefits and Risks in Inter-Basin Water Transfers: The Case Study of NCT I from Upper Tana Basin to Nairobi City

Inter-Basin Water Transfers (IBWTs) introduce complex socioeconomic, hydrological, ecological, and institutional impacts that are instrumental to decision-making. However, since most studies focus on the hydrological and ecological aspects of IBWTs for the development of sustainable water resources, it is necessary to investigate the distribution of risks (costs) and benefits of IBWTs among stakeholders. This study aimed to identify and categorize stakeholders, their relationships, and the distribution of risks/costs and benefits in the Northern Collector Tunnel phase I (NCT 1) IBWT using a stakeholder analysis method. The Athi Water Works Development Agency (AWWDA) and the Ministry of Water and Irrigation (MoWI) played a central role in the project. However, most stakeholders found the devolved units Water Services Providers (WSPs), Water Resources Authority (WRA), Water Resources Users Associations (WRUAs), and Murang'a County as the most critical institutions. Public participation in NCT1 was not inclusive but only done to meet the statutory project requirements. Significant risks of the project emerged, such as reduced river flows, drying of the springs, and Murang'a residents' ability to meet their water needs. Therefore, it is necessary to compensate for diverted water through a water levy to cover environmental externalities and catchment conservation. The increase in water supply for Nairobi City was perceived as the main benefit for the recipient basin, but an improved water levy with adequate cross-subsidies was pointed out as an instrument to catalyze water savings by the urban water utility.

Stakeholder Salience Analysis in the Policy Formulation of Anti-Violence Against Women and Children

This article explores stakeholders influence in the policy formulation of anti-violence against women and children by using the stakeholder salience model as a conceptual framework. Stakeholder engagement in policy formulation is essential to achieving optimal policy practise and performance. However, the contestation of interests and imbalance of power between stakeholders in the policy formulation of anti-violence against women and children inhibit the development of policy alternatives based on problem solving, resulting in low policy performance. The research method used is qualitative research with a case study approach, and the stakeholder analysis method is applied to the data analysis. The research findings demonstrate that the policy formulation of anti-violence against women and children is dominated by dependent stakeholders with only power and legitimacy attributes, while the attributes of urgency are not available, reflected in their inattentiveness in providing a quick response to the rising cases of violence and their lack of knowledge on the issue of violence. This study concludes that stakeholders' influence in the policy process is limited. Stakeholders are only involved during public hearings, and the policy is only drafted and discussed by the policy elite, specifically Commission VI of the Aceh Legislative Council, an expert’s team, and the Aceh Women's Empowerment and Child Protection Unit. It indicates that stakeholder engagement is only to gain legitimacy for policy decisions. This research contributes to providing knowledge about stakeholder dynamics in policy formulation contexts and theoretical knowledge about the creation of the most powerful and influential stakeholders for maximising policy formulation and policy performance.

Analysis of Li Nings International Marketing Strategy and Its Development Path

As a leading domestic sporting goods company in China, Li Ning has always occupied a large number of domestic market share. However, with the rapid development of globalization, the targeted penetration of international brands into the Chinese market began to shake Li Ning's position in the local market. This paper focuses on Li Ning's brand itself, repositions its development path and direction, and studies the shortcomings of Li Ning's current marketing strategy. Based on the analysis of Li Ning's brand market strategy model, the researchers put forward a series of suggestions to provide a more comprehensive direction for Li Ning's future expansion plan. During the study, the researchers used the SWOT model, the competitor model, and the stakeholder analysis method to help establish the depth and completeness of the content. In a word, Li Ning's existing cultural diversity and channels for external expansion are relatively lacking. At present, Li Ning can only strengthen technological innovation and improve international image awareness (change of spokespersons or transnational cooperation, etc.) to successfully create an excellent marketing strategy of globalization.

Multistakeholder's Roles in Creating Job Vacancy for Youth through Community Development

The development of the Wangsakerta youth community which has been carried out since 2016 has implications for the ability and innovation of the younger generation to take part in the non-formal sector which provides benefits for themselves and the surrounding community. Various self-development activities are carried out so that the younger generation is able to have self-confidence and be able to create various jobs independently. The purpose of this study was to analyze the influence of youth characteristics and youth participation on job creation according to social capital. This study uses a stakeholder analysis method using the penta helix. The results showed that academic stakeholders or IAIN Syekh Nurjati Cirebon played a role in organizing training activities to support the abilities and insights of the youth community at the Wangsakerta nature school. Business actor stakeholders play a role in establishing relationships such as non-governmental organizations through Ms. Farida Mahri, in this case the relationship creates partners for the development of Saung Wangsakerta to date. Communities or non-governmental organizations have a role in gaining relationships or networks for the development of the Saung Wangsakerta youth community. The government, through Karang Taruna, plays a role in helping in the development and construction of Saung Wangsakerta, such as participating in the construction of Saung or places of learning. The media plays a role as a publication in promotion. The village government is not involved as a controller, regulator and provider in the development of the Saung Wangsakerta youth community.

Determining the strategic position of car-sharing services in Poland based on the stakeholder analysis method

This article presents the use of the stakeholder analysis method to characterize the strategic position of car-sharing services in Poland. The theoretical part presents a detailed theory of stakeholders, as well as detailed methods and the course of the interest group analysis procedure. It covers the fundamentals of stakeholder theory which refers to the concept of strategic planning, system theory, organization theory, social responsibility and strategic management. The characteristics of stakeholder analysis are presented together with mostly used methodology. The focus is put on most common analysis tools including the matrix of M. Johanson and K. Scholes based on the earlier Mendelow matrix and the map of stakeholders. The legitimacy and benefits of using the discussed method to determine the strategic position of modern and developing services have been presented. The research part presents an example of the use of the stakeholder analysis method in the Polish sector of car sharing services. The car-sharing services company stakeholder analysis of 23 entities provided knowledge on building relationships with employees and their involvement in the company's processes. The analysis made it possible to improve the strategic position of the company and determination of its position in negotiations with other organizations.

Sustainable coastal management in supporting blue economy: an Indonesian experience

The coastal regions had a great ecosystem and potential for the sustainability of life. At the same time, growing human and environmental pressures in coastal areas significantly impact coastal systems. Various problems arise in the development and utilisation of the coastal regions. The issues have prompted the importance of studying coastal area management policies. Specifically, legal uncertainty in the management of utilisation has initiated the formulation of the RZWP3K policy. This study uses stakeholder analysis to map the actors involved and their influence on coastal area management policies. This study was conducted using a qualitative method and stakeholder analysis to explore and classify the actors shaping coastal area management policies. The stakeholder analysis method classified constituents into important actors, contextual fixers, users, and audiences using variables of interest and impact. Developing policies for coastal management is hampered by the conflicting agendas of many parties and their multiple goals and worries. This study recommends that the government maintain stakeholders by keeping them informed, actively groomed, monitored and managed, or satisfied. This paper contributes to conceptual stakeholder analysis literature to analyse coastal area management policies.

KONVERGENSI AKTOR KELEMBAGAAN DALAM PENANGANAN STUNTING DI KABUPATEN SUMEDANG

Stunting reduction programs are important to be carried out with a multi-sectoral approach through the synchronization of national, local, and community programs at the central and regional levels. The convergence of stunting prevention can fill the empty spaces of interventions that have been carried out. The purpose of this study is that researchers want to know how the level of influence and dependence between institutional actors in stunting prevention efforts, then how is the relationship between institutional actors' goals in stunting prevention efforts. Stakeholder analysis method using Matrix of Alliance Conflict: Tactic, Operation, and Responses (MACTOR) . The results showed that the actor with the highest influence was the Department of Public Works, while the actor with the highest dependence was the Department of Health. Actors who have the same goals will have the potential to collaborate, while actors who have different goals will generate potential conflicts. Actors who responded positively to the goals and were able to collaborate were Bappeda, the Health Office, and the Family Planning Office. Meanwhile, those who gave a negative response related to the goals that had been set were college actors.

Future Development of an Energy-Efficient Electric Scooter Sharing System Based on a Stakeholder Analysis Method

E-scooters as a new form of mobility are gaining more and more popularity. This popularity results from the flexibility of this mode of transport, but above all from the positive impact on the natural environment through the much higher energy efficiency of an e-scooter compared to a motor vehicle (according to the literature the rate is 2 km per kWh equivalent for a motor vehicle and the range is 90–100 km per kWh in the case of an e-scooter). This paper introduces a discussion on the future development of an energy-efficient electric scooter sharing system based on stakeholder analysis methods. The implementation of the e-scooter sharing system involves linking several areas of human activity, including social activity. This, in turn, relates to the interactions and building of relationships with entities, particularly those influencing the provision of services and their effects. The large number of entities and the complexity of the relations between them make it a challenge both to identify stakeholders in the development of the public e-scooter system and to indicate their roles in shaping the sustainable development strategy for urban mobility. The following study was based on the methodological foundations of stakeholder theory and social network analyses. The main research objective of the article is to identify and assign to different groups the stakeholders influencing the sustainable development of energy-efficient e-scooter sharing systems based on Polish cities. An evaluation was carried out using expert methods with a stakeholder analysis, based on matrix and mapping methods, and with the MACTOR application. Relationships and cooperation suggestions were established for each of the stakeholder groups, which could become an important part of the strategic approach to supporting public transport service providers and organizers, as well as allowing for further reductions in energy consumption in the city by introducing such services on a large scale. The cooperation of the entities participating in the implementation of bike-sharing services can contribute to their greater sustainable development and assurance using the new mobility modes, which consume less energy and at the same time make the city energy-efficient.

Stakeholder Mapping For Social Entrepreneurship Projects

The article discusses stakeholder theory and stakeholder definitions. The methods of stakeholder analysis known in the world practice are investigated: power-influence-interest grid, stakeholder cube, salience model. A step-by-step stakeholders mapping outline is given. The methodology for categorizing stakeholders has been developed by the author, based on a resource approach. Based on three types of resources (administrative, financial and informational), an integral indicator of the importance of stakeholders is calculated and mapped. The stakeholder mapping allows you to optimally allocate time and attention to stakeholders, as well as develop effective communication plans for the company and stakeholder engagement strategy.

Stakeholder perceptions of uncertainty matter in megaprojects: The Flemish A102 infrastructure project

Complexity in megaprojects leads to uncertainty about the future, which means forecasting is difficult, and perceptions of uncertainty can differ among stakeholders based on differing interests and values. We contribute to uncertainty and stakeholder management research and practice in megaprojects by conceptualising perception of uncertainty and by adopting Q methodology as a mixed method for stakeholder analysis to empirically study stakeholders’ perceptions of uncertainty in the Flemish A102 road project. Four perception groups are revealed that show why understanding perceptions of uncertainties in megaprojects matters: (i) uncertainty management must be broadened by considering relations between uncertainties; (ii) assessing whether uncertainties are irreducible or reducible and how they should be managed can be perceived differently; (iii) stakeholder analysis must aim to understand stakeholder heterogeneity and avoid classifying stakeholders based on a priori assumptions; (iv) revealing perceptions of uncertainty can help project managers anticipate conflict and prepare for stakeholder dialogue and engagement.

Rapid Characterisation of Stakeholder Networks in Three Catchments Reveals Contrasting Land-Water Management Issues

Catchments are socio-ecological systems integrating land, water and people with diverse roles and views. Characterising stakeholder networks and their levels of influence and interaction within catchments can help deliver more effective land and water management. In this study, we combined stakeholder analysis and social network methods to provide a novel stakeholder-mapping tool capable of identifying interactions among the land and water management communities across three contrasting study catchments. The overarching aim was to characterise the influence of different stakeholders involved in catchment management based on the perceptions of participants from four key stakeholder groups (Environmental Regulators, Water Industry Practitioners, the Farm Advisor Community, and Academics). A total of 43 participants identified 28 types of specific catchment management stakeholder groups with either core or peripheral importance to our three case study catchments. Participants contributed 490 individual scores relating to the perceived influence of these different stakeholder groups and categorised whether this influence was positive, negative or neutral for the management of catchment resources. Local Government, Farmers and Environmental Regulators were perceived to have the greatest level of influence. Social network analysis further determined which stakeholders were most commonly connected in all of the study catchments and hence formed the core of stakeholder networks in each catchment. Comparing outputs from the analysis of three contrasting river catchments, as well as between participants from four key stakeholder groups allowed identification of which stakeholders were more central to the catchment management networks. Such analyses could help facilitate effective communication within land and water management stakeholder networks by targeting highly connected opinion leaders or promoting peer learning via distinct catchment subgroups.

Reconciling Conflict of Interest in the Management of Forest Restoration Ecosystem: A Strategy to Incorporate Different Interests of Stakeholders in the Utilization of the Harapan Rainforest, Jambi, Indonesia

The Harapan Rainforest is the only remaining lowland rainforest in Sumatera Island, Indonesia, that the Ministry of Forestry has designated for restoring lowland rainforest ecosystems. In the Harapan Rainforest, several stakeholders are interested in using the forest for several things. For example, the local community uses the forestland for their oil palm plantation, while PT Restorasi Ekosistem Indonesia (PT REKI) as forest manager, uses the forest for ecosystem restoration goals, causing a conflict of interest. This study aims to identify the stakeholders involved and provide a policy recommendation for the contestation in the Harapan Rainforest. We conducted key-person interviews to identify the stakeholders involved and analyze the interest and influence of all important stakeholders related to the utilization of the the Harapan Rainforest. The stakeholder analysis method analyzes and categorizes stakeholders’ interests and influences in the Harapan Rainforest utilization. According to the study, three of the eight stakeholders have a direct role in the Harapan Rainforest’s utilization. The last section of this paper ends by giving an alternative strategy for considering policy options and a win-win solution that prioritizes all stakeholders’ interests. This study concludes that the utilization of the Harapan Rainforest should be conducted with multiple-use forest management for production and rehabilitation.

An analysis of the stakeholders of groundwater resources management in Iran

Excessive exploitation of groundwater resources (GR) in Iran has become a tragedy of water resources whose roots should be sought in the lack of cooperation and communication between institutions involved in the groundwater resources management (GRM). In this regard, identifying institutions, classifying them, and analyzing the pattern of communication and cooperation between them constitute an important step towards their synergistic cooperation for collective action. The process of identifying and classifying stakeholders and discovering the relationships of stakeholders can be understood through stakeholder analysis (SA). The present study aims to use the SA method to identify the stakeholders, classify them, and determine the structure of their relationship through social network analysis (SNA). Based on the results of the stakeholder identification phase, 25 institutions were identified as those involved in GRM in Lorestan province. According to the influence-importance classification matrix, the stakeholders were divided into categories A, B, and C. The key stakeholders are those that can significantly influence the management of groundwater resources. The SNA method shows that, among the studied stakeholders, ‘Regional Water Company’ and ‘Water & Soil Management Department of Agriculture Organization’ have the most communication links and cooperation within the network of communications and cooperation with other institutions involved in GRM.