Stainless-steel Holder Research Articles

Silicon nanowires analyzed by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy

Silicon nanowires were characterized by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy with an Al Kα (1486.6 eV) excitation source. The sample was fixed to a stainless-steel sample holder with a copper double-sided adhesive tape. Survey spectrum and C 1s, O 1s, and Si 2p core-level spectra were acquired.

Cluster Mo2C deposited on graphene nanowalls by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy

Molybdenum deposited on carbon graphene nanowalls was characterized by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy with an Al Kα (1486.6 eV) excitation source. The sample was fixed to a stainless-steel sample holder with copper double-sided adhesive tape. Survey spectrum, C 1s, O 1s, Si 2p, and Mo 3d core levels spectra were acquired.

Ammonium perrhenate characterized by XPS

Ammonium perrhenate was characterized using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The specimen is a powder purchased from Sigma Aldrich. The sample was fixed to a stainless-steel sample holder with copper 3MTM double-sided adhesive tape. Survey spectra, Re 4f, O 1s, N 1s, C 1s, Re 4d, and Na 1s core levels spectra were acquired. Results showed how the elements in the structure of ammonium perrhenate are related.

Paracetamol tablet analyzed by XPS

Paracetamol tablet was analyzed by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Sample was fixed to a stainless-steel sample holder with a copper double-sided adhesive tape. Survey spectra, C 1s, O 1s, N 1s, Si 2p, Mg 2s, Mg KLL, and Mg 1s core levels spectra were acquired. Results showed the presence of carbon, oxygen, and nitrogen, elements that constitute the chemical structure of paracetamol; however, these can also be part of the excipients. In addition, silicon and magnesium were detected, which are related to excipients.

Zirconium oxychloride assessment by XPS

Zirconium oxychloride was characterized by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The specimen is a powder purchased from Sigma Aldrich. The sample was fixed to a stainless-steel sample holder with copper 3MTM double-sided adhesive tape. Survey spectra, Zr 3d, O 1s, C 1s, Cl 2p, Zr 3p, Zr 4p, and Cl 2s core levels spectra were acquired. Results showed how the elements in the structure of zirconium oxychloride interact.

Silicon dioxide by Ag Lα, hard x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy

Silicon dioxide powder was characterized by hard x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (HAXPES) with an Ag Lα (2984.2 eV) excitation source. The sample was fixed to a stainless-steel sample holder with copper double-sided adhesive tape. Survey spectrum, C 1s, O 1s, Si 1s, Si KLL, Si 2s, and Si 2p core levels spectra were acquired.

Platinum thin film by Ag Lα, hard x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy

Pt thin film was characterized by hard x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (HAXPES) with an Ag Lα (2984.3 eV) excitation source. Sample was fixed to a stainless-steel sample holder with a copper double-sided adhesive tape. The survey spectrum, Pt 3d, Pt 4f, Pt 4d, C 1s, and valence band core levels spectra were acquired.

Indium acetate analyzed by XPS

Indium acetate was analyzed using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The specimen is a powder purchased from Sigma Aldrich. The sample was fixed to a stainless-steel sample holder with copper 3MTM double-sided adhesive tape. Survey spectra, In 3d, O 1s, C 1s, In 3p, In MNN, and Cl 2p core levels spectra were acquired. Results showed how the elements in the structure of indium acetate are related.

Dipyrone tablet analyzed by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy

Dipyrone tablet was characterized by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Sample was fixed to a stainless-steel sample holder with copper double-sided adhesive tape. Survey spectra, C 1s, O 1s, N 1s, S 2p, and Na 1s core levels spectra were acquired. The results showed the presence of carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur, elements that constitute the Dipyrone/Metamizole molecule; however, carbon and oxygen are also found in the excipients (other ingredients). In addition, sodium was detected, which is associated with excipients.

Zeolite Linde type A powder analyzed by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy

Zeolite Linde type A powder was characterized by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Sample was fixed to a stainless-steel sample holder with a copper double-sided adhesive tape. The spectra of survey spectra, C 1s, O 1s, Na 1s, Al 2p, and Si 2p, core levels were acquired. Results showed the presence of carbon, oxygen, aluminum, and silicon, elements that constitute the aluminosilicate molecule.

γ-Al2O3 by Ag Lα, hard x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy

γ-alumina (γ-Al2O3) powder was characterized by hard x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy with an Ag Lα (2984.2 eV) excitation source. The sample was fixed to a stainless-steel sample holder with copper double-sided adhesive tape. Survey spectrum, C 1s, O 1s, Al 1s, Al KLL, Al 2s, and Al 2p core levels spectra were acquired.

Electroplating Jig Design for Mild Steel Nut for Cobalt Alloy Plating

This partly ongoing research focuses on designing a stainless-steel jig holder for varied sizes of mild steel nuts for cobalt alloy plating, scaled to industry-level requirements for field testing. The chosen type of electroplating jig is rack plating. The modelling and analysis of the design were done using SolidWorks software, which included 3D design and finite element analysis. The result shows the strength of the jig holder is reliable for nut sizes ranging from M8 to M16. In conclusion, the jig holder performance has been successfully optimized based on the material and design chosen for its simulation.

Loratadine tablet analyzed by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy

Loratadine tablet was characterized by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The sample was fixed to a stainless-steel sample holder with copper double-sided adhesive tape. Survey spectra, C 1s, O 1s, N 1s, Cl 2p, and Na 1s core levels spectra were acquired. Results showed the presence of carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, and chlorine, elements that constitute the loratadine molecule; however, carbon and oxygen are also found in the excipients (other ingredients). In addition, sodium was detected, which is associated with excipients.

XPS characterization of ciprofloxacin tablet

Ciprofloxacin tablet was characterized by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The sample was fixed to a stainless-steel sample holder with copper double-sided adhesive tape. Survey spectrum, C 1s, O 1s, N 1s, F 1s, Cl 2p, Mg 1s, and Si 2p core levels spectra were acquired. The results point out the presence of carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, and fluorine elements that constitute the ciprofloxacin; however, carbon and oxygen are also found in other ingredients (excipients). Additionally, chlorine, silicon, and magnesium were also detected, which are related with excipients.

An In Vitro Study of Fluid Contaminations Influences on Reverse Torque Values of Implant-Abutment Connections.

Purpose To examine the effects of fluid contamination on the reverse torque value (RTV) of abutment screws. 484 titanium fixtures were mounted into the stainless-steel holders. Methods 11 groups (44 specimens in each group) of implants were mounted in acrylic resin. Ten groups of fixture screw holes were contaminated with chlorhexidine, saliva, blood, fluoride, or combination groups, and one group served as a control without contamination. To simulate the oral environment, samples were subjected to thermal cycling and cyclic loading. Results The RTV means were less than the initial torque in both control and contamination groups. The maximum RTV mean was observed in the fluoride group (26.00 ± 1.02 Ncm). In other groups, this rate for control, blood, saliva, and chlorhexidine groups were 18.00 ± 1.78 Ncm, 22.12 ± 1.56 Ncm, 21.56 ± 1.43 Ncm, and 21.89 ± 1.02 Ncm, respectively. In combination groups, the maximum RTV mean was observed in the saliva+CHX group (23.89 ± 1.92 Ncm). In other combination groups, this rate for the blood+CHX, blood+saliva, saliva+fluoride, fluoride+CHX, and fluoride+blood groups were 22.56 ± 1.73 Ncm, 22.00 ± 1.54 Ncm, 20.11 ± 1.58 Ncm, 23.51 ± 1.19 Ncm, 21.02 ± 1.38 Ncm, and 20.11 ± 1.58 Ncm, respectively. The RTV was statistically significant (p < 0.05) for the contamination groups (except saliva) and combination groups compared to the control group. There is no statistically significant difference (p > 0.05) between the reverse torque value mean of the blood and saliva groups and between that of the fluoride and chlorhexidine groups. Conclusion Implant-abutment specimens are suggested to be placed in a saliva environment and should be subjected to cyclic loading.

Discrimination of commercial ibuprofen tablets by using a button sample holder and mid-infrared spectroscopy.

Infrared spectra obtained from commercial ibuprofen tablets are categorized by using principal component analysis. A stainless steel abrasive button is used to sample the coatings and interiors of ibuprofen tablets with three different formulations. Rubbing the button wire mesh surface across tablet surfaces removes material for analysis. Small fragments are retained within mesh void spaces and larger fragments are swept away prior to analyses. Infrared spectra for tablet coatings exhibit significant differences and can be used for identification. Tablet interior compositions consisting primarily of ibuprofen from different manufacturers are more distinguishable from pre-processed spectra than from spectrum second derivatives. The speed and sensitivity afforded by this methodology suggests that rapid detection of counterfeit pharmaceuticals based on mid-infrared spectroscopy measurements of microgram quantities of material removed with a button sample holder is feasible.

Evaluation of fracture resistance of zirconia monolithic restorations: an in vitro study

Objective: The aim of the study was to evaluate fracture resistance of zirconia monolithic restorations after ageing procedures. Material and methods: The fracture resistance of zirconia-based restoration after ageing procedures was evaluated. Monolithic translucent zirconia 3-unit FDPs were fabricated using Cerec inLab CAD/CAM system on 2 stainless steel dies prepared from stainless steel with a uniform 120 degrees circumferential deep chamfer finish line of 1 mm width and were placed into a stainless steel holder. FDPs were divided into 2 groups, the first group (Group A) was subjected to aging procedures in an autoclave at hydrothermal conditions 134 °C /2 bars for 5 hours. The second group (Group B) was not subjected to any ageing procedures and was designed as control group. All specimens of group A (Aged TZI) and group B (non- aged TZI) were loaded compressively in a universal testing machine at cross head speed 0.5 mm/min until fracture occurred. The percentage of monoclinic (m) phase was detected by XRD device. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to examine the fractured surfaces for Aged TZI (Group A) and Non-aged TZI (Group B). Student’s t-test was used to compare between fracture resistances of both groups. The significance level was set at P ? 0.05. Results: The fracture resistance mean (SD) values of non-aged TZI (Group B) was 2406.9±306.8 N which showed statistically significantly higher than that of aged group (Group A) which was 1964.5±234.5 N. The percentage of monoclinic (m) phase detected by XRD device software in non-aged TZI (Group B) was nearly 0 weight % and in aged TZI (Group A) was about 42 weight %. Conclusion: Accelerated artificial aging decreases the fracture resistance of monolithic TZI FDPs. Keywords Artificial aging; Fracture resistance; Monolithic zirconia.

Characterization and assessment of organic carbon migration and biomass formation potential of polymeric pipes using modified BioMig

To evaluate and approve the materials that can be in contact with drinking water with respect to biological contamination, organic carbon migration and biomass formation potential assays are widely employed. In previous studies, to conduct the assays, the entire material was exposed to the test water by submerging the material into glass jars. However, these are not realistic conditions since the water contact only the inner surface of the pipe in the distribution system, which may be different from the outer surface with respect to the coating layers. Furthermore, the extra components such as the glass jar containers and stainless steel holders might be the sources of organic carbon contamination. These two factors may result in imprecise conclusions. Here, we introduced a minor but essential modification to the BioMig test, which is the most current test on the migration potential and biomass formation potential. In this modified BioMig method, the outer surface and cutting edges, which are not in contact with water in practical water distribution systems, would not be exposed to the test water. Moreover, the assimilable organic carbon formation potential via chlorination in the leachates was observed and recommended as an additional test in the migration potential assay. The modified test results demonstrated that polyethylene (PE) material is the most unfavorable material, notably when used in chlorinated drinking water. This proposed test provided an alternative approach to the decision-makers with respect to evaluating the pipe material characteristics.

Ibuprofen tablet characterized by XPS

An ibuprofen tablet was characterized by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The sample was fixed to a stainless-steel sample holder with a copper double-sided adhesive tape. Survey spectra, C 1s, O 1s, N 1s, Si 2p, and Na 1s core level spectra were acquired. The results showed the presence of carbon and oxygen, elements that are part of the chemical structure of ibuprofen; however, these can also be part of the excipients. In addition, nitrogen, silicon, and sodium were detected, which are associated with excipients.

Effect of fluid contamination on reverse torque values in implant-abutment connections under oral conditions.

PURPOSEImplant mechanical complications, including screw loosening, can influence dental implant success. It has been shown that torque values are affected by contamination occurred in implant-abutment (I/A) interface. This study aimed to examine the effects of blood, saliva, fluoride and chlorhexidine contamination on reverse torque values (RTVs) of abutment screws in oral conditions.MATERIALS AND METHODS50 fixtures were mounted into the stainless-steel holders and divided into five groups (n = 10). Except control group (NC), fixture screw holes in other groups were contaminated with chlorhexidine (CG), saliva (SG), blood (BG), or fluoride (FG). Abutment screws were tightened with a digital torque meter. I/A assemblies were subjected to thermocycling and cyclic loading. The mean RTVs were recorded and data were analyzed with one-way ANOVA and Tukey test.RESULTSExcept for specimens in SG (20.56 ± 1.33), other specimens in BG (21.11 ± 1.54), CG (22.89 ± 1.1) and FG (24.00 ± 1.12) displayed significantly higher RTVs compared to NC (19.00 ± 1.87). The highest RTVs were detected in CG and FG.CONCLUSIONThe obtained data robustly suggest that RTVs were significantly affected by fluid contaminations. Specimens in FG and CG displayed the highest RTVs. Therefore, clinicians should have enough knowledge about probable contaminations in I/A interface in order to manage them during clinical procedure and to inform patients about using oral care products.