Stainless Needle Electrode Research Articles

Influence of Stainless Needle Electrodes and Silver Disk Electrodes over the Interhemispheric Cerebral Coherence Value in Vigil Dogs.

Electroencephalography (EEG) is an objective diagnostic tool in the evaluation of cerebral functionality, both in human and veterinary medicine. For EEG acquisition, different types of electrodes are used, as long as they have no impact on the recorded background activity. However, to date, the influence of electrode type on quantitative EEG and cerebral coherence has not been investigated. Twenty EEG traces (ten with needle electrodes and ten with disk electrodes) were recorded from ten mesocephalic vigil dogs in a monopolar montage. Values for interhemispheric coherence for each frequency band were compared between stainless needle and silver disk electrodes traces. Our results show that the values of interhemispheric coherence in vigil dogs are depending of the type of electrodes used in EEG recordings. In the frontal (FP) channel, for delta and theta frequency bands, the registered coherence is significantly higher when stainless needle electrodes are used. Our results might have important consequences in the field of canine neurology and applied neuroscience, as the frontal channel analysis is preferred in aging and behavior studies.

Particle Behavior Analysis in a Hole-Type Electrostatic Precipitator Using PIV

A gas emitted from marine diesel engines has high particle concentration. Therefore, re-entrainment phenomenon occurs in a conventional electrostatic precipitator (ESP). A new hole-type ESP was developed to overcome the re-entrainment in the ESP. The hole-type ESP utilizes the ionic wind and Coulomb force to induce particle motion into the hole. To understand this mechanism, visualization of particle behavior is important. In this study, the particle behavior, the particle velocity, and the influx rate of particle in the hole were investigated. Particle image velocimetry (PIV) was used especially to analyze the ionic wind and particle behavior in the hole-type ESP. The ESP model was made of clear acrylic. The high-voltage electrode was a stainless needle electrode, and the ground electrode was a plate electrode with a hole in its center. It was confirmed that the particles flowed into the hole with discharge current of 3 μ A. In order to confirm quantitatively whether particles are flowing into the hole, the influx rate of particle in the hole was calculated. The influx rate of particle in the hole was improved by moving the position of the needle electrode toward the ESP inlet direction.