Concept Development Stage Research Articles

Harmonizing International Environmental Law and National Sovereignty

International environmental law is an important legal tool to deal with the global environmental crisis. In recent years with the increasingly serious and global environmental problems the speed and depth of environmental problems are also increasing. In this process the relationship between state sovereignty and international environmental law and its conflict become the object of study. "To do a systematic analysis this paper attempts to destroy the conflict between national sovereignty and environmental rights and on the basis of in-depth discussion of the background concept formation and development stage of international environmental law to explore whether the two can be coordinated. In particular the concept of "soft standards" is proposed to analyze its actual status and role in international environmental law and its dialectical relationship between legal significance and legal effect in non-binding international instruments. On the basis of respecting national sovereignty the document said that strengthening the supervision of international mechanisms and improving the national responsibility system can promote the effective coordination of international environmental law and safeguard national sovereignty and realize the mutual benefit and win-win situation of environmental protection and national interests. At the same time it puts forward a more cautious attitude towards the criticism and modification of the soft law of the international environment and emphasizes that the universal basis of the law should be paid attention to in the practical application so as to avoid the marginalization of legal research due to excessive dependence on social analysis methods.This paper aims to provide theoretical support and practical guidance for the further development and practical application of international environmental law.

Unlocking Creative Potential: Sustainable Art Practices Through Scrap Art and SCAMPER Design Innovation

Abstract: In today's consumer-centric world, rapid technological progress has led to an alarming increase in discarded items, posing a significant environmental threat. This situation underscores the pressing need for embracing sustainable practices in artistic endeavors. Many contemporary artists are now turning to "Scrap Art" or "Junk Art," creating stunning pieces from discarded materials, not only beautifying their surroundings but also raising awareness about reuse. This paper delves into the detrimental impact of rampant consumerism on the environment and advocates for repurposing and upcycling waste materials in art. It outlines a four-stage design process: selecting waste products, developing concepts, generating ideas, and creating a series of innovative designs. The SCAMPER technique, known for its effectiveness in generating creative ideas, was applied during the concept development and idea generation stages. Through this methodology, the study showcased how waste soft drink cans could be transformed into five distinct products: a desk watch, a picture frame, a spring paper clip, a pencil holder, and a lamp. These creations not only demonstrated the potential of upcycling but also reduced the need for recycling or landfill disposal. The research emphasizes the compatibility of the design process with creative concept generation and highlights the importance of sustainable art practices in mitigating environmental challenges. By unlocking the creative potential of upcycling and addressing environmental concerns, this study aims to contribute to a more sustainable and vibrant artistic landscape, benefiting both artists and the environment.

The engineering legacy of the FIFA World Cup Qatar 2022: Al Janoub stadium

Al Janoub was the first new-build stadium designed for the FIFA World Cup Qatar 2022. This paper describes the journey of the engineering design of the 40 000 seat stadium, from the concept and detailed design development stages led by AECOM and Zaha Hadid Architects, through to the design and build contract on site. An architectural jewel located in Al Wakrah, just south of the city of Doha, the stadium was a world-first, using state-of-the-art computational analysis and physical modelling to create a safe, cooled environment that satisfies FIFA's requirements for both player and spectator comfort in the extreme temperatures of the region. A sustainable post-tournament legacy was also a key factor of the design, allowing it to be reduced to a 20 000-capacity stadium for the local football club and community. The task of integrating the stadium's stringent performance requirements on this path-finder project, including extensive scientific research and development, was a challenge that was overcome through close collaboration between the design team and the Supreme Committee's subject matter experts. The project's success as a test-bed helped it to set the standard for other stadia as part of the overall FIFA World Cup Qatar 2022 programme.

The social sustainability improvement strategy for supporting the green library concept at Taman Ismail Marzuki library

PurposeThis study aims to describe and examine the strategy used by the Taman Ismail Marzuki Library for increasing its social sustainability capabilities.Design/methodology/approachThe research questions in this study are (1) What is the TIM Library’s social sustainability strategy for supporting the green library concept? and (2) What are the impediments and facilitators to implementing the green library concept in the TIM Library through a social sustainability process? This study adopted a qualitative approach, using a case study method, in research conducted over the period July–November 2022. The data collection methods used were purposive sampling, interviews, observations and document analysis.FindingsThis study’s findings indicate that the TIM library’s social sustainability strategy supports economic sustainability up to the independence stage, whereas environmental sustainability is still at the empowerment stage. The green library concept is sustainable due to the library’s commitment to the “third place” concept and library cooperation. The TIM Library’s continuing strategy to use creative community development programs to attract public interest and change the library’s perception in the community should help it realize the green library concept.Practical implicationsLibraries can use the research findings to guide their strategies for community engagement and inclusivity.Social implicationsThe paper suggests that policymakers supporting libraries can consider incorporating elements of the Green Library concept and community development stages into policies to enhance the societal impact of libraries.Originality/valueThe significance of this study is that it uncovers strategies to help public libraries meet the requirements of the green library concept.

Особенности формализованной технологии концептуального проектирования в авиастроении

The article is devoted to the general issues of design formalization and practical methods of conceptual project devel-opment in civil aircraft industry. The project idea and the sequential implementation of the project concept develop-ment stages are considered. Special attention is paid to marketing and justification of the project strategy. The im-portance of the idea analysis method for the project concept is shown. In the task of the technical system synthesis an approach to the coordination of its elements and a risk analysis of the designed civil aircraft critical characteristics is presented. The process of validation the aircraft project concept under development by means of experimental analo-gies is described. The presented methodology was developed for the first time as a complete full-cycle technology of civil aircraft conceptual design, the scientific results of which will eliminate the risks of erroneous choice of the technical concept and its inconsistency with the technical specifications.

The development of a wearable device for Sign Language Gesture Recognition (SLGR) by using Conceptual Design Approach (CDA)

In recent years, there has been a significant focus on researching and developing Sign Language Gesture Recognition (SLGR) for people with hearing and speaking impairments. This is especially important in Indonesia, where there are approximately two million people with these disabilities. However, current research and developments on SLGR devices are specifically designed to understand only particular sign language systems, such as Korean Standard Sign Language (KSDSL) and American Sign Language (ASL), each of which has its unique gestures and models. As a result, no device has been developed to recognize the gestures of the Indonesian sign language system, known as Sistem Isyarat Bahasa Indonesia (SIBI). Therefore, this study aims to develop an SLGR device that can recognize and translate SIBI gestures into output images via text and speech. The development of the SLGR device in this study is conducted by using the Conceptual Design Approach (CDA) methodology. Where in this case, previous research on SLGR devices is first observed as a benchmark for comparison. Furthermore, the benchmark is used as the basis for the function, sub-function, and specification of the proposed design. Based on these stages of benchmarking and concept development, the study concluded that the final design of the proposed SLGR device is constructed by using 5 flex and Gyroscope sensors connected wirelessly to the Raspberry microcontroller. The device is equipped with a voice system and LCR RPi as the output system for translation. Based on the combination of these sensors, the device is able to identify any particular gestures that correspond to words and phrases in SIBI and translate them into speech via the designated speaker and text display on the LCD screen. To fully understand the performance of the device, experimental tests are conducted by analyzing the input of 26 alphabets in the SIBI system. As a result, the device demonstrated an average of 92% accuracy to convert sign language into voice and text, which demonstrates the usefulness of the proposed device

예비과학교사의 온라인 기반 실천적 교수역량의 향상을 위한 학습조력 프로그램의 개발과 적용

Objectives Learning Assistant (LA) program was developed for pre-service science teachers to improve their online-based practical teaching competency to conduct online science classes.
 Methods The online-based teaching competency is defined as instructional design, material development, instructional execution and instructional reflection competency, in order to improve it, LA training course consists of four stages: PCK, planning, practice, and reflection. LA supported course is a science liberal arts class in which learning assistants practice teaching, and consists of the stages of concept introduction, concept understanding, and concept development. The ‘practice’ stage of the LA training course and the ‘concept development’ stage of the LA supported course intersect. 13 students from 2nd-4th grades majoring in physics education and environment education participated as learning assistants, and 24 students from 1st-3rd graders from various majors participated as learners. LA conducted a modified RTOP test based on online. After that, the change in online- based practical teaching capabilities before and after application of the program was analyzed through the corresponding sample t-test.
 Results Since both courses were conducted online for one semester, learning assistants can increase the effectiveness of learning at online teaching context such as online experiment, online evaluation, and online discussion guidance, after learning about PCK and making plans to apply them, they actually helped with learning. As a result of evaluation of the learning assistant's performance using RTOP, it was confirmed that the online-based practical teaching competency improved as the learning assistance experience was accumulated.
 Conclusions This result is significant in that it suggests a new direction in the way of nurturing online teaching competency in the college curriculum for teacher training.

Digital twins: stages of concept development, areas of use, prospects

The results of a review of the digital twin concept development, the areas of their use, and the prospects are highlighted. The history of the emergence and development of the digital twin concept, its definition, and its classification are given. The relevance of the technology under consideration is reflected. The purpose of this review is to provide the most complete, up-to-date information on the current state of the digital twin technology, its application in various fields of human activity, and further prospects for the development of the industry. An extensive bibliography on the topic is provided, which may be helpful for researchers and representatives of various industries.

Proof of concept and early development stage of market-oriented high iron and zinc rice expressing dicot ferritin and rice nicotianamine synthase genes

Micronutrient deficiencies such as iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), and vitamin A, constitute a severe global public health phenomenon. Over half of preschool children and two-thirds of nonpregnant women of reproductive age worldwide have micronutrient deficiencies. Biofortification is a cost-effective strategy that comprises a meaningful and sustainable means of addressing this issue by delivering micronutrients through staple foods to populations with limited access to diverse diets and other nutritional interventions. Here, we report on the proof-of-concept and early development stage of a collection of biofortified rice events with a high density of Fe and Zn in polished grains that have been pursued further to advance development for product release. In total, eight constructs were developed specifically expressing dicot ferritins and the rice nicotianamine synthase 2 (OsNAS2) gene under different combinations of promoters. A large-scale transformation of these constructs to Bangladesh and Philippines commercial indica cultivars and subsequent molecular screening and confined field evaluations resulted in the identification of a pool of ten events with Fe and Zn concentrations in polished grains of up to 11 μg g−1 and up to 37 μg g−1, respectively. The latter has the potential to reduce the prevalence of inadequate Zn intake for women of childbearing age in Bangladesh and in the Philippines by 30% and 50%, respectively, compared to the current prevalence. To our knowledge, this is the first potential biotechnology public-sector product that adopts the product cycle phase-gated approach, routinely applied in the private sector.

Virtual product development process for reducing noise, vibration, and harshness of vehicle based on substructuring and artificial neural network

In this study, virtual product development method for reducing vibration and noise is proposed for designing at the concept development stage of a vehicle. To this end, the vibration characteristics of the system are predicted through the Lagrange-multiplier frequency-based substructuring technique. The concepts of contact, blocked and transmitted force, and force transmissibility were used for determining the improvement subsystem or combination of subsystems when using the modular platform. Moreover, after the subsystems to be improved were determined, Artificial Neural Network was used as a method of predicting vibration characteristics according to the change of design variables. To verify this, the prediction of the blocked force was performed by changing the young’s modulus of the simplified substructure. Finally, the reduction in response was confirmed by applying the blocked force of the simplified subframe to the simplified structure, and a vehicle development process using a database at the concept setting stage is proposed.

Computer-Aided Automated Greenery Design—Towards a Green BIM

Contemporary climate challenges are changing the architect’s awareness, which results in a broader spectrum of interest. The available software enables the design of vegetation, but it is often very limited and requires specialist knowledge. The available software allows the creation of individual solutions based on visual algorithms or writing scripts; however, they are still not common methods used in architecture and urban planning. The study proposes a new complex digital method of selection and design of greenery based on a new parameter spreadsheet. The proposition is supported by the review and investigation of the software used by designers identifying a range of tools for the design of greenery. The study proposes a theoretical model for automated plant selection and variations of possible greenery scenarios that could be integrated into the design process at the early stages of concept development.

Mechanical Structure Design and Optimization of a Humanoid Robot Arm for Education

<div><p class="4">This paper introduces the mechanical structure design and construction of a four degree of freedom humanoid robot arm for teaching purposes. The project started from the concept development stage and obtained six suggestions to meet the needs of customers. Then, the concept to be developed is selected according to the product specification. For the proposed concept, seven redesign phases were carried out to achieve the final design proposal. Specifically, continuous simulation steps are carried out to analyze the dynamic response of the structure under load, observe the stress state of each component, and adjust the size of the connecting rod according to the previously defined constraints and specifications. Based on the results obtained, a structure conforming to the original design specification is generated, taking into account the limitations related to the servo motor to be used and the maximum load to be handled. Finally, the kinematics models of the straight arm and reverse arm of the developed product are given.</p></div>

Mathematical Modeling and Multivariable Optimization Design of SUV Chassis Structure Based on SFE CONCEPT

The car chassis design concept is an important part of the car design process. Analyzing the car chassis structure in the conceptual design process is of great significance for improving the efficiency and accuracy of car chassis design. This paper takes SUV models as the research object and uses SFE CONCEPT software to realize the mathematical modeling and multivariate optimization of the SUV chassis structure. The concept of “implicit” parameterization and the concept of “CAE analysis-driven design” are adopted to quickly realize large-scale geometric transformation and consistency of interconnection, while achieving automated production and grid parameters. Through this research, it can be found that in the concept development stage of the vehicle chassis structure, the CAE performance analysis is introduced into the early development stage as soon as possible; combined with the implicit parametric design method, it can quickly and effectively realize the exploration and optimization of a larger range of structures. In addition, the SFE CONCEPT software used in this article can create parametric structural models, and combined with automatic meshing technology, it can realize continuous changes of topology variables, shape variables, size variables, and material variables, and compare the design results with the detailed design results to confirm the feasibility of the design. In addition, the experimental test shows that the success rate of SFE CONCEPT and other CAD software docking reaches 100%.

Tracer Study Berbasis Teknologi Informasi dan Psikologi

Advances in Information Technology (IT) have provided many conveniences in various fields, such as government, business, and education. The global COVID-19 pandemic that has hit the world since 2019 has made many human activities limited due to a number of rules from health protocols. The tracer study process that was previously carried out conventionally has shifted to the digital mode by utilizing various information technology applications. The tracer study implementation process involves 3 (three) main stages, namely (1) the concept and instrument development stage; (2) Stages of collecting questionnaire data, and (3) Stages of data analysis and writing of tracer study reports. The Community Service Team (PKM) provides counseling to schools to empower a number of IT-based applications and psychological approaches for tracer studies. By using Google Forms, Facebook Groups, and WhatsApp Groups, tracer studies can still be carried out even though there are social limitations due to the pandemic. The results of the tracer study are very useful for the school to find out the distribution of alumni, and input from alumni regarding the various obstacles experienced by alumni.

Visual Trends of the 21st Century in Graphic Design: Interpretation of Virtual Space Attributes

The article presents an attempt to characterize the graphic design transformation under the impact of virtual space with its unified elements. It has been established that the change of the graphic designer’s role in the system of modern information technologies development has caused the professional responsibility expansion at the intersection of real and virtual environments. The article aims to investigate the use of virtual space attributes (Internet page and mobile device interface elements) in uncharacteristic printed forms (for example, poster and packaging design) as a modern approach to graphic design that expands the designer’s visual language. The virtual environment elements, reproduced by graphic designers, are described, and their applications in print and “native” environments are compared. The groups selected for borrowing are as follows: system navigation elements, alert dialogs, menu bars, search bars, tags, and particular process progress indicator. The article highlights the imitation of raster in graphic design objects as digital images loading errors. It has been found that, first, the elements retain their recognizability and original meanings even beyond the context. Secondly, although virtual systems are structured, eliminating the number of unnecessary actions of the user, and possible errors, the incorrect program operation, in the form of alert windows, is the most attractive for copying. Third, borrowed elements are self-sufficient and their value approaches to the sign. The data of the article are of practical importance for graphic designers at the stage of project concept development.

DO OPPOSITES ATTRACT IN NEW PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT? INVESTIGATING THE ROLE OF INNOVATION-MANAGEMENT CONTROL COOPERATION ACROSS THE NPD PROCESS

Cross-functional intra-firm cooperation is crucial for a firm’s new product development (NPD) process and innovation success. Nevertheless, neither current innovation nor management control literature does provide empirical evidence on whether and how the cooperation between innovation and management control departments affects outcomes of the NPD process. Thus, this paper intends to close this research gap by studying the effect of innovation-management control cooperation (IMCC) across multiple NPD process stages on NPD process effectiveness and its consequences for a firm’s innovation and financial success. A multiple-informant data set was collected including 109 dyadic data sets from employees at project and top management level and combined with secondary data assessing financial success. The results show that IMCC exerts a positive effect on NPD process effectiveness. More specifically, the effect can be best described as u-shaped, being strongest in the concept development and implementation stage, but weaker in the product development stage of the NPD process. Furthermore, our findings show that innovation success mediates the relationship between NPD process effectiveness and financial success thereby explaining the contradictory findings of past research concerning the link between NPD and financial success.

Elements of the teacher development system in learning management according to the concept of Education 4.0

The purpose of this study was to study the elements of the teacher development system in learning management according to the concept of Education 4.0 with a professional learning community process in secondary schools under the Office of the Basic Education Commission by studying the components of the teacher development system in learning management according to the concept of education 4.0 with a professional learning community process from 7 experts, consisting of 1) two people in higher education administration, 2) one person who has a stake in learning management, 3) two school directors, and 4) two teaching specialist teachers. The sample group was obtained by using a specific selection method using the teacher development system component assessment in learning management according to the concept of education 4.0 with a professional learning community process in secondary schools, under the Office of the Basic Education Commission, which is a 5-level rating scale. System Components Teacher development in learning management According to the educational model 4.0 with a professional learning community process in secondary schools, under the Office of the Basic Education Commission, there are 4 main components, 13 subcomponents, namely; 1) The inputs consist of (1) executives, (2) learning management courses, (3) teachers, (4) resources that support learning management. 2) The process consists of (1) Identifying challenging problems, (2) Concept finding stage, (3) Planning and development stage, (4) Testing and evaluation stage, (5) Presenting results to society. 3) Productivity consists of (1) Teachers have knowledge and understanding of learning management, (2) Teachers are competent in learning management. 4) feedback, which consists of (1) reporting on results and (2) improvements, corrections, and developments. And, the experts assess the suitability of the elements at a high and highest level and have consistent opinions on all components..

Y-en-Roux reconstruction in abdominal surgery: historical retrospective of operative method’s evolution. Part II

This historical review is more focused on the analysis of highly relevant, unique method proposed by A. Wölfl er, E. Doyen and C. Roux more than 140 years ago. We also try to present main facts and the chronology of Y-reconstruction of the digestive tube concept’s development. Hereby we present historical retrospective of theoretic concept creation, experimental confi rmation and initial clinical experience of Y-shaped reconstruction of the digestive tube on Roux-en-Y-loop, stages of concept evolution and development from the end of the 19th century and continuing into current times. Scientifi c research of surgical gastroenterology, oncology, pancreatology and hepatobiliary surgery founders, expand application of Roux-en-Y-reconstruction from distal resection of the stomach and gastroenterostomy to gastrectomy, repeated operations on the upper part of the digestive tube, the formation of biliary-enteric and pancreatic anastomosis, and the use in the routine practice of bariatric surgery.

Development of an inherent system safety index (ISSI) for ranking of chemical processes at the concept development stage

Inherently safer design is the most proactive approach to manage risk, as referred by scientists and experts. Researchers have adopted various methods in evaluating inherent safety indices like parameter-based indexing, risk-based indexing, consequence-based indexing, etc. However, the existing approaches have their limitations. The present paper focuses on establishing an inherent system safety index (ISSI) to evaluate inherently safer design during the concept development stage. The analysis starts by identifying a non-harmful system's inherent safety characteristics and related parameters. Four subindexes, determined from the non-harmful system's characteristics, are established using their relevant parameters. The safety of the chemical process system, the health of workers, and the environment's safety can be assured by selecting relevant parameters. Parameters are scored based on their deviation from the non-harmful condition. The sum of the deviations of the parameters gives the value of the inherent safety index. The case study looks at various routes of Methyl Methacrylate (MMA). According to the present case study, MMA production followed by Tertiary butyl alcohol is the safest route given health, safety, and environmental perspective. This approach helps overcome the limitation of parameter-based indexing, which arises from selecting predefined fixed parameters that become invalid in case of system variation or significant modification of the system. Besides, it considers the complexity and vulnerability that arises from the interaction of various factors|, which increase predetermined risk calculated at the design stage when the system is in operation. The subindices can be used individually if a focus is needed in a definite section of a system with a particular application or a smaller portion. This method is helpful for the industry in designing a safer plant considering the health, safety, and environmental perspective at the concept development stage.

Y-en-Roux reconstruction in abdominal surgery: historical retrospective of operative method’s evolution. Part I

Target of this historical review is focused on analysis of highly relevant, unique method proposed by A. Wölfler, E. Doyen and C. Roux more than 140 years ago, also we try to present main facts and chronology of development of concept Y-reconstruction of digestive tube. Hereby we present historical retrospective of theoretic concept creation, experimental verification and initial clinical experience of Y-shaped reconstruction of digestive tube on Roux-en-Y-loop, stages of concept evolution and development till the end of XIX age till our days. The founders’ scientific research onducted in surgical gastroenterology, oncology, pancreatology and hepatobiliary surgery, has expanded application of Roux-en-Y-reconstruction from distal resection of the stomach and gastroenterostomy to gastrectomy, repeated operations on the upper part of the digestive tube, the formation of biliary-digestive and pancreatic anastomoses, as well as the use in the routine practice of bariatric surgery.