Stage Of Technology Development Research Articles

Smart textiles: Paving the way to sustainability

As an emerging technology, smart textiles can bring solutions to many problems, but also create new ones, especially related to their disposal and their impact on the environment. That is why it is important to address this problem at this stage of technological development when smart textiles have not yet pervaded the mass markets. In this article, first, an attempt is made to understand the chronological development of smart textiles: the reasons for a weak breakthrough in the commercial markets throughout the decades, starting from the 1990s until today, but also the emergence of new driving forces that should inevitably lead to a bright future for smart textiles. In addition, we explore the contemporary possibilities for sustainable materials, manufacturing techniques, and end-of-life solutions for developing sustainable smart textiles based on a broad literature review, online sources, and a questionnaire survey among textile experts. Finally, an overview of the latest developments related to the standardization of smart textiles is given. This research was spurred by participation in CONTEXT COST Action (CA17107 - European Network to connect research and innovation efforts on advanced Smart Textiles).

Comparative analysis of robot-assisted and laparoscopic operations in oncogynecology

Aim. To determine the advantages and disadvantages of laparoscopic (LS) and robot-assisted (RA) surgery in oncogynecological operations.Materials and methods. 282 clinical cases were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were treated in oncogynecological department No. 70 of the CS.P. Botkin City Clinical Hospital, Moscow Healthcare Department for endometrial cancer of stages IA–II, cervical cancer in situ and IA1 stages or atypical endometrial hyperplasia in the period from February 2020 to September 2022, among them 74 patients were operated with Da Vinci robotic units (models Si and Xi) and 208 using laparoscopy. The standard volumes of surgical treatment, depending on the clinical diagnosis, were: hysterectomy, hysterectomy with pelvic lymphadenectomy, hysterectomy with pelvic and retroperitoneal lumbar lymphadenectomy. To compare the technical characteristics of minimally invasive operations and the condition of patients in the intra- and postoperative periods in each group, data on the duration of operations, body mass index, age, intra- and postoperative complications, as well as the number of postoperative hospital bed-days were analyzed.Results. When comparing the average duration of operations by time, a statistically significant difference was obtained. Thus, LS hysterectomy was performed 43 minutes faster on average than RA (74.2 minutes versus 117 minutes) (p <0.001). When performing pelvic lymphadenectomy, the average duration of RA operations was 28 minutes longer than LS operations (142 minutes versus 170 minutes), and when adding the retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy stage, the average duration of RA operations was 128 minutes longer than LS operations.Conclusion. At this stage of technology development in surgery, LS operations have a number of advantages over RA ones in numerous ways. LS operations demonstrate statistically significantly shorter execution time, fewer perioperative complications, as well as a more controlled environment in the operating field. In the long term, RA surgery has serious potential and is currently at an early stage of its development. A real and sober assessment of its characteristics will determine the right direction for the development of this technology in the future.

Green hydrogen prospects in Peninsular Malaysia: a techno-economic analysis via Monte Carlo simulations

According to Malaysia's National Energy Transition Roadmap, hydrogen is a critical component of the country's energy transition. However, there is a scarcity of hydrogen studies for Peninsular Malaysian states, which limits discussions on green hydrogen production. This study employs a Monte Carlo model to assess the economic and technical factors influencing the success of green hydrogen in Peninsular Malaysia. The study focuses on three target years: 2023, 2030, and 2050, representing various stages of technological development and market adoption. The levelized cost of hydrogen (LCOH) of a 1-MW Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) electrolyzer system ranges from $5.39 to $10.97 per kg in 2023, highlighting early-stage challenges and uncertainties. A 6-MW PEM electrolyzer system could achieve an LCOH of $3.50 to $4.72 per kg by 2030, indicating better prospects. Because of technological advancements and cost reductions, a 20-MW PEM electrolyzer system could achieve an LCOH of $3.12 to $3.64 per kg in 2050. The findings indicate that the northern regions of Peninsular Malaysia have consistently low LCOH values due to favorable geographical conditions. Due to minor variations in solar capacity factors, uncertainty distributions in LCOH remain stable across different regions. Some states may face increased uncertainty, emphasizing the need for additional policy support mechanisms to mitigate risks associated with green hydrogen investments. The sensitivity analysis shows that key cost drivers are shifting, with early-stage electrolyzer investments dominating in 2023 and electricity prices becoming more important in 2030 and 2050. Future research could focus on optimizing green hydrogen systems for areas with underdeveloped green hydrogen industries. This study contributes to informed discussions about green hydrogen production by emphasizing the importance of tailored strategies that consider local conditions and highlighting the role of Peninsular Malaysia in the energy transition.

Engineering and management approach in the sphere of transport and logistics

The article is devoted to the analysis (consideration) of peculiarities of management in the sphere of transport at the present stage of social and technological development. The role of transport and infrastructure projects as a key element of the country’s economic development is described. Being linked into a single comprehensive plan, infrastructure solutions become the basis for the development of a country or territory. It was concluded that with the current form of organisation of transport activities, a two-circuit management system is believed to be optimal, when the role of the state is reduced to planning of long cycles and to the role of economic administrator. The private sector, individual carriers, small companies regulate the quality of service by individualising the supply. One of the most important points of contact between these systems is the sphere of education. The authors describe the concept of engineering and management approach to education. This approach will make it possible to systematically train specialists with both technological and managerial competencies which will become an impetus for the development of economic sectors and strengthening the technological sovereignty of the state. The purpose of the article is to determine the patterns of functioning of the transport and logistics sphere in the framework of supply-side economics, and to consider the engineering and management approach to the training of specialists (for the industry).

Technological substitution: The key control modes

One of the primary goals of public administration in Russia is ensuring technological sovereignty which is hard to attain without proper planning and coherent technology modernization policy in different fields of economic activity. However, administration tools should allow for the current stage of technological development. The article aims to identify control modes of technology modernization considering the principles of substitution and addition. The foundation of research resides in technological change theory. The research methods applied are taxonomic and structural analysis, statistical generalization. Empirical evidence for 2004–2021 was retrieved from the Russian Federal State Statistics Service (Rosstat). This methodological approach has allowed establishing the key control modes and types of technology modernization – substitution and addition – according to investment in high or low technology, and formulating their central principles. The study also discusses the variants of state policy aiming to extend the country’s technological sovereignty based on the current mode of technological modernization. It is shown that the pseudo effect of technological dualism discovered in the Russian economy suggests utilising special tools designed to optimize the economic structure for boosting investment in new technologies.

A Review on Energy Storage Technologies: Current Trends and Future Opportunities

Despite the fact that numerous energy storage technologies have already been reviewed in the scientific literature, these innovations are right now at various stages of technological development, with only a few having been demonstrated for use on a large scale. The majority of research articles on energy storage give detailed descriptions of these technologies, but there is little data on how these technologies compared when used for energy storage. This paper provides a comprehensive review on energy storage concepts and also compares the different energy storage technologies in terms of research trends and future opportunities. Among the reviewed energy storage technologies, the thermochemical energy storage (TCES) method stands as an attractive and potential alternative to the conventional heat storage methods like sensible and latent thermal energy storage (STES and LTES) for several reasons that include: high energy storage density, minimal heat losses between the system and surroundings, and long term heat storage.

Intangible space as a new form of crime scene: doctrinal aspect

The article discusses the problems of defining cyberspace and information space as a possible place of commission of a crime or other optional sign of an objective party in relation to specific acts provided for by the norms of the Special Part of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. The properties and characteristics of cyberspace are determined, and a comparison is made with the intangible and information space. The problem of determining the connection of cyberspace to specific objects of the material world - computer media, servers, the impossibility of the existence of cyberspace in isolation from three-dimensional reality at this stage of scientific and technological development, which predetermines the criminal legal classification of crimes, is noted. The scientific novelty of the work lies in the fact that the article substantiates an innovative approach to determining the place of intangible space in the system of composition characteristics. The author notes that the current realities force us to take a fresh look at the perception of the content of such a sign of the objective side of the crime as the place where the latter was committed, since its traditional understanding from the position of an object of material reality - a specific section of the earth’s surface, which has its own geographical landmarks and coordinates - does not meet the modern needs of the theory and practice of applying criminal law. As a result of the research, the author concludes that the development of computer technologies, communications and the information and telecommunications network “Internet” contributed to the emergence of a new – information – space, which by its nature is intangible and actually does not exist in a three-dimensional dimension.

혁신기술의 사업화와 규제개선

In the era of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, the pace of technological innovation is increasing rapidly. However, the speed of change in laws and regulations has not kept pace, resulting in the so-called regulatory lag. This is because innovative technologies and industries produce new and disruptive things in a remarkable speed, while the regulatory response is slow and lagging behind. This study surveyed 75 companies in the early demonstration stage of technology development to identify the regulatory challenges they have experienced in commercializing innovative technologies and suggested alternatives to solve them. The study found that companies in the early demonstration stage of technology development claimed the absence or lack of a certification system to prove the stability and performance of innovative products as the biggest regulatory obstacle. This shows that appropriate regulations are needed for SMEs' technological innovation rather than deregulation.

Evaluation Model of Distributed Photovoltaic Utilization in Urban Built-Up Area

Photovoltaic (PV) power generation is emerging as a key aspect of the global shift towards a more sustainable energy mix. Nevertheless, existing assessment models predominantly concentrate on predicting the overall capacity of PV power generation, often neglecting temporal dynamics. Drawing upon the urban energy substitution rate, utilization rate, and power supply stability, this study has devised a comprehensive evaluation model for the utilization of distributed photovoltaic systems (SUS). This model integrates the quantification of spatio-temporal features inherent in urban settings and buildings. Using Hohhot city as a case study, this study conducted simulations to analyze how the installation of PV systems affects the electricity consumption patterns across different land plots within the urban core. The study additionally examines how urban planning influences the adoption of PV power, taking into account both the timing of PV power usage and the stage of PV technology development. The evaluation model surpasses the constraints of current urban PV assessments, which primarily emphasize enhancing power generation potential without adequately quantifying supply–demand dynamics or spatial and temporal variations. This breakthrough significantly improves the precision and reliability of assessing the efficiency of distributed PV systems. Its implications extend widely to subsequent comprehensive evaluations of urban PV applications.

Инновационная среда России на современном этапе развития экономики

Modern leadership of economies is ensured by the trend of innovative development. Innovation-oriented economic growth is the number one issue for developed countries. The new stage of Russia's technological development, achievement of technological sovereignty requires new actions. An important condition for the implementation of in-novation activity is the innovation environment. Effective development of innovation environment favors innovative development. This article analyzes the external conditions and internal environment defined as the innovation environment. The article analyzes the current state of Russia's innovation environment on the basis of international inno-vation indices and ratings affecting various aspects of countries, participants, statistical surveys of innovation process-es in the Russian economy. The peculiarities of Russia's innovative development in the scientific and production, insti-tutional environment, the totality of resources, the characteristics of internal capabilities have been revealed. It is estab-lished that the positions of intellectual, material and infrastructural factors, the degree of impact of the results of inno-vation activity on the economy and society are low. Indicators demonstrate insufficient efficiency of resource utiliza-tion, the results of scientific and technological innovation activity. The efficiency of innovation activity of economies depends on the state scientific, technological and innovation policy that provides incentive priority development of various industries, institutional conditions that ensure technological leadership, research and development work for enterprises that create innovative products. Thus, it is necessary to increase the level of innovation activity of economic entities, to increase the amount of funding for research and development, the implementation of measures contributing to the innovative development of the Russian Federation.

Development of Cell Technologies Based on Dendritic Cells for Immunotherapy of Oncological Diseases.

Immunotherapy using dendritic cell-based vaccination is a natural approach using the capabilities and functions inherent in the patient's immune system to eliminate tumor cells. The development of dendritic cell-based cell technologies evolved as the disorders of dendritic cell differentiation and function in cancer were studied; some of these functions are antigen presentation, priming of cytotoxic T-lymphocytes and induction of antigen-specific immune responses. At the initial stage of technology development, it was necessary to develop protocols for the in vitro generation of functionally mature dendritic cells that were capable of capturing tumor antigens and processing and presenting them in complex with MHC to T-lymphocytes. To achieve this, various forms of tumor-associated antigen delivery systems were tested, including lysates, tumor cell proteins (peptides), and DNA and RNA constructs, and it was shown that the use of DNA and RNA constructs was the most effective method, as it made it possible not only to deliver the most immunogenic epitopes of tumor-associated antigens to dendritic cells, but also to enhance their ability to induce antigen-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocytes. Currently, cell therapy based on dendritic cells is a modern basis for antigen-specific immunotherapy of cancer due to the simplicity of creating DNA and RNA constructs encoding information about both target tumor antigens and regulatory molecules. The potential development of cell technologies based on dendritic cells aims to obtain antigen-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocytes induced by dendritic cells, study their functional activity and develop cell-based therapy.

Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis: Development Mechanisms and Methods of Molecular Genetic Diagnosis

The widespread occurrence of drug-resistant tuberculosis is an important public health challenge. To better understand this phenomenon, the article summarizes current ideas on the development of mechanisms of Mycobacterium tuberculosis resistance to antituberculosis drugs. Special attention is paid to the mechanism of acquired resistance based on mutations in the genes encoding antituberculosis drug targets or enzymes that translate pro-drug into its active form; the effect of these mutations on fitness of the pathogen is in the focus of the article. It emphasizes the leading role of molecular genetic methods for diagnosing M. tuberculosis drug resistance and importance of these methods for preventing the expansion of the pathogen’s resistance range and the spread of resistant clones in the population. A comparison of sequencing and PCR-based methods capacities led to a conclusion that at the current stage of technological development it is reasonable to use each of these approaches for specific purposes: domestic PCR-based tests — for diagnosis, and sequencing — for basic research of M. tuberculosis evolution and epidemiological monitoring. Promising areas of M. tuberculosis resistance research were proposed to develop new approaches for diagnosis and treatment of drug-resistant tuberculosis and to provide effective personalized therapy.

Assessment of Advanced Diagnostic Bronchoscopy Outcomes for Peripheral Lung Lesions: A Delphi Consensus Definition of Diagnostic Yield and Recommendations for Patient-centered Study Designs. An Official American Thoracic Society/American College of Chest Physicians Research Statement.

Background: Advanced diagnostic bronchoscopy targeting the lung periphery has developed at an accelerated pace over the last two decades, whereas evidence to support introduction of innovative technologies has been variable and deficient. A major gap relates to variable reporting of diagnostic yield, in addition to limited comparative studies. Objectives: To develop a research framework to standardize the evaluation of advanced diagnostic bronchoscopy techniques for peripheral lung lesions. Specifically, we aimed for consensus on a robust definition of diagnostic yield, and we propose potential study designs at various stages of technology development. Methods: Panel members were selected for their diverse expertise. Workgroup meetings were conducted in virtual or hybrid format. The cochairs subsequently developed summary statements, with voting proceeding according to a modified Delphi process. The statement was cosponsored by the American Thoracic Society and the American College of Chest Physicians. Results: Consensus was reached on 15 statements on the definition of diagnostic outcomes and study designs. A strict definition of diagnostic yield should be used, and studies should be reported according to the STARD (Standards for Reporting Diagnostic Accuracy Studies) guidelines. Clinical or radiographic follow-up may be incorporated into the reference standard definition but should not be used to calculate diagnostic yield from the procedural encounter. Methodologically robust comparative studies, with incorporation of patient-reported outcomes, are needed to adequately assess and validate minimally invasive diagnostic technologies targeting the lung periphery. Conclusions: This American Thoracic Society/American College of Chest Physicians statement aims to provide a research framework that allows greater standardization of device validation efforts through clearly defined diagnostic outcomes and robust study designs. High-quality studies, both industry and publicly funded, can support subsequent health economic analyses and guide implementation decisions in various healthcare settings.

Человеческий капитал профессионалов в современной России (размышления над новой книгой Н.Е.Тихоновой и её коллег)

The book «Human capital of Russian professionals: status, dynamics, factors» by N.E. Tikhonova and her colleagues, published in 2023, continues the cycle of their long-term research into various aspects of the state and development of Russian society. Professionals as the subject of analysis of this work are of great interest not only for sociologists, but especially for economists. The prospects for realizing the opportunities that open up for Russia at the new stage of scientific and technological development depend decisively on the quality of professionals. The article analyzes the contents of the book, notes the methodological innovations used by the authors, clarifies the formulation of such concepts as «professional», «human capital», «human potential», etc. Particular attention is paid to the problem of qualitative characteristics of the human capital of professionals, the problems of their social and economic success. The role of the territorial characteristics of the country in the processes of both the formation of human capital and its monetization as motives for the migration activity of professionals is considered. Obstacles in the development of professionals are noted, which are posed by the imperfections of the existing institutional structure in Russia.

ICT development and total factor productivity growth

Total factor productivity (TFP) is essential for disentangling the determinants of economic growth, productivity, and the standard of living. Understanding the variations in TFP, however, is greatly challenging because of the many assumptions that comprise the theoretical growth framework. In this paper, we aim to explore the determinants of TFP growth for countries at different stages of information and communication technology (ICT) development. To address the endogenous nature of the associated growth variables, we implement a three-stage-least (3SLS) square panel regression to improve the efficiency and asymptomatic accuracy of the estimators. We find that transmission channels, such as financial openness and trade globalization, have contributed substantially to growth in both advanced and developing countries. However, we also discover that greater financial openness can undermine a country’s TFP growth if the financial system is not sufficiently developed. When time horizons are decomposed into pre-ICT development and post-ICT development periods, a significant crowding-out effect is observed between ICT investment and financial openness in the pre-period, implying that the allocation of resources is critical for countries in the developing stage. Trade and finance policies that are adopted by advanced and developed countries might not be ideal for underdeveloped countries. Discretion in choosing adequate policies regarding financial integration and trade liberalization is advised for these emerging countries.

СОВРЕМЕННЫЕ ПРОБЛЕМЫ ЮРИДИЧЕСКОЙ ЗАЩИТЫ АВТОРСКИХ ПРАВ В НАУКЕ И ИСКУССТВЕ

Modern problems of copyright protection in science and art are closely related to the new stage of technological development, which was clearly identified in the early 20s with the introduction of artificial intelligence in all spheres of modern life [11, 165]. The introduction of AI into art and science raises a number of legal issues, especially regarding copyright [3, 78]. In some jurisdictions, authorship can be attributed to the AI developer and in others to the AI itself. To get copyright protection, a work must be original. Can AI create original works, or will they be considered based on previous works? If the AI uses materials or data that are copyrighted by others, the question arises as to the use and licensing of these materials. If the AI creates a work that violates the copyrights of others, who is responsible for the violation — the AI developer or the AI itself? What rights to use the AI-created work should be granted to the creator or owner of the AI, as well as to others? A parallel question is how to legally protect AI and the works it creates in order to prevent the illegal use or copying of these works. In some cases, AI can create new technologies or inventions. Then comes the question of who owns the patent rights to such inventions, and how they can be protected. All these issues require further legal analysis and the development of appropriate legal norms and policies to regulate the introduction of AI in art and science.

Automatic detection and analysis of malicious files using artificial intelligence

This article examines the importance of cybersecurity in today's digital age and the rise in threats posed by malware. An overview of various methods for detecting malicious files is provided, taking into account their advantages and problems at this stage of technology development.

Artificial intelligence in healthcare

Research on the issues and problems of the introduction of artificial intelligence into various spheres of life of a modern individual, the society, and the state are in the trend of scientific research at the present stage of information technology development. Artificial intelligence (AI) is being used now more than ever before, especially in the healthcare sector. Artificial intelligence has provided a more efficient way to automate routine work and other daily tasks, as well as manage patients and medical resources. The system can perform most of the tasks previously performed by humans, making it faster and cheaper. This significant advantage has facilitated the activities of interacting parties in the healthcare sector, doctors and patients. Artificial intelligence continues to gain momentum. Currently, there are modern machine learning solutions that can act, learn, understand, and predict. This is a step forward compared to robotic assistants in surgical interventions and the binding of genetic codes previously controlled by artificial intelligence. The article demonstrates that the development of artificial intelligence in healthcare involves some risks and problems — artificial intelligence systems expose patients to the risk of injury, and patient data for use in artificial intelligence systems involve the risk of privacy invasion. The article shows the advantages and disadvantages of the introduction of artificial intelligence in the field of healthcare, and the necessary conclusions are drawn.

Future in Battery Production: An Extensive Benchmarking of Novel Production Technologies as Guidance for Decision Making in Engineering

Due to the rising interest in electric vehicles, the demand for more efficient battery cells is increasing rapidly. To support this trend, battery cells must become much cheaper and “greener.” Energy consumption during production is a major driver of cost and CO <formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex>$_2$</tex></formula> emissions. The drying production step is one of the major energy consumers and cost drivers. The technological approach of “dry coating” allows the energy-intensive drying step to be eliminated for significant energy and cost savings. However, there are numerous emerging dry coating technologies that differ significantly in physics, chemistry, and readiness levels. Moreover, typical methodological procedures for technology selection remain less applicable to the early stages of technological development. Both issues raise the questions, “What is the most promising dry coating technology?” and “How do we identify it?” To answer these questions, a comprehensive, systematic technology benchmark was conducted. Following a four-step analytical approach, based on the nominal group technique, qualitative content analysis, and multicriteria decision analysis, different dry coating technologies were identified, analyzed, and cross-compared. This was performed qualitatively and quantitatively. We also forecast which factor will impact the application of the most promising technologies for CO <formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex>$_2$</tex></formula> emission rate reductions and cost savings in 2030. In summary, four different technologies were identified with a high chance of technological breakthrough within the next 3–5 years. By applying these technologies, 4.76 million tons of CO <formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex>$_2$</tex></formula> could be saved per year by 2030.

Цифровые технологии для взрывных работ: интеллектуальный автономный программно-аппаратный комплекс компании «ДАВТЕХ» для анализа гранулометрического состава горных пород

Rock blasting is the first stage of rock crushing and it plays a defining part in the process chain of mining and processing of minerals. The difficulties in correlating the data on particle size distribution in the muck pile with the blast, the rock properties and the energy characteristics of explosives define the need to solve a wide range of scientific and practical tasks. Contemporary approaches to optimizing the particle size distribution ("fragmentation") are based on considering the energy efficiency of explosives and controlled distribution of the blast energy during the blast. At the current development stage of digital technologies in the mining industry, the qualitative and quantitative characteristics in assessing the particle size distribution are determined with the help of tools that estimate the size of the rock pieces by analyzing two- or three-dimensional images obtained by various technical means. The authors of the article present a study of the rock particle size distribution analysis based on digital technologies using a Russian innovative hardware and software suite developed by the DAVTECH Company. During a full-scale study the authors confirmed that the hardware and software suite ensures satisfactory results for a preliminary assessment of blasting operations due to faster sampling using a fully autonomous system, and it provides reliable information and allows visualizing and comparing the data of a large number of measurements. The studied hardware and software suite also secures improved safety by eliminating manual sampling directly at the muck pile, thus avoiding work in high-risk areas.