Stages Of Healing Process Research Articles

Fabrication and characterization of Rhizochitosan and its incorporation with platelet concentrates to promote wound healing

Composite dressing composed of Rhizochitosan and Regenplex™ to promote wound healing were assessed. Rhizochitosan was fabricated by deacetylation of Rhizochitin, which obtained by simply depigmenting sporangium-free mycelial mattress produced from Rhizopus stolonifer F6. Physicochemical characterizations of Rhizochitosan demonstrated that it contained 13.5% chitosan with a water-absorption ability of 35-fold dry weight and exhibiting hydrogel nature after hydration. In a wound-healing study on SD rats with full-thickness injury, the composite dressing had a better healing effect than those for each individual components and control group and wound even healed as functional tissue instead of scar tissue. The underlying mechanism of the composite beneficial to wound remodeling is likely attributable to a more reduction level of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 expression in early stage and a higher MMP-2 expression level in a later stage of healing process. Conclusively, the composite dressing demonstrated to be highly beneficial to the healing of full-thickness injury wound.

BETWEEN PROLENE®, ULTRAPRO® AND BARD SOFT® MESHES WHICH PRESENTS THE BEST PERFORMANCE IN THE REPAIR OF THE ABDOMINAL WALL?

In the definition of the mesh to be used to correct hernias, porosity, amount of absorbable material and polypropylene should be considered in the different stages of healing process. To evaluate the inflammatory reaction in the use of macro and microporous meshes of high and low weight in the repair of defects in the abdominal wall of rats. Ninety Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus albinus) were used. The animals were submitted to similar surgical procedures, with lesion of the ventral abdominal wall, maintaining the integrity of the parietal peritoneum and correction using the studied meshes (Prolene®, Ultrapro® and Bard Soft®). Euthanasia was performed at 30, 60 and 120 days after surgery. The abdominal wall segments were submitted to histological analysis using H&E, Masson's trichrome, immunohistochemistry, picrosirius red and tensiometric evaluation. On the 120th day, the tensiometric analysis was superior with Ultrapro® macroporous mesh. The inflammatory process score showed a significant prevalence of subacute process at the beginning and at the end of the study. Microporous meshes showed block encapsulation and in macroporous predominance of filamentous encapsulation. The Ultrapro® mesh showed better performance than the others in healing process of the abdominal wall.

The estimation of the treatment effectiveness of the experimental soft tissues septic wound with the application of polymer antimicrobial compound in the depo-form of decametoxinum

Today septic wound treatment demands from a surgeon a multipurpose approach. For the reason of the microorganisms’ resistance to antibiotics, specialists have to use more often various dosage forms of antiseptics. According to the topical cement antibiotic form, which is used in traumatology and orthopedics, the new antimicrobial polymer compound was designed, that contains decametoxinum. Previous studies in vitro proved the sustained-release of the agent. The purpose of our experiment is to study the treatment effectiveness of the new polymer compound dosage form of the decametoxinum in comparison with other treatment methods of septic-necrotic processes of soft tissues. We estimated on laboratory animals the effectiveness of alternative treatment approaches of the septic wound management, which were caused by S.аureus and P.аeruginosa, in different groups, including those where the new antiseptics’ dosage form was used. Three groups of the septic experimental wounds were treated by the principles of monotherapy — with liquid solution of decametoxinum, depo-form of decametoxinum and with intramuscular (IM) injection of etiological antibiotic — amikacin. The animals in fourth group received multipurpose treatment — depo-form of the decametoxinum topically with amikacin IM. Fifth group — was the control one. Visual estimation, bacteriological investigations were held according to the stages of the wound healing process. Macroscopic assessment of the wounds showed the best treatment effect in groups with depo-form application, especially during the first stage of the healing process. Finally, it was revealed that in groups where different dosage forms of decametoxinum were used the effectiveness of decontamination process was almost the same. But the wounds’ redressing with depo-form of decametoxinum was carried out once in three – four days, in comparison with daily redressings of the wounds in the group where it’s liquid form was used. The sanitation effect was more vital against P.aeruginosa, then in relation to S.aureus. The best results were received in the multipurpose treatment group — the complete bactericidal effect against all microbe populations was achieved. That grants us an idea about possible potentiation of the system antibiotic by topical antiseptic.

The age of surgical castration affects the healing process in beef calves.

Castration is painful for calves. Castrating at an earlier age is often recommended, but little is known about how this affects the healing process or the pain experienced. We compared incision closure, swelling and pain sensitivity of beef calves surgically castrated at 3 (range 0 to 8 d; n = 16) or 73 (range 69 to 80 d; n = 15) d of age. Closure of the incision, as measured with a 5-point scale (1 = fresh wound, 5 = no longer visible), weight gain, and inflammation (skin temperature and swelling, as measured by scrotal circumference) were recorded on d 1, 3, 7, 11, 15, 18, 21, 25, 32, 39, 45, 61, and 77 after the procedure, until all incisions were fully healed. On these same days, pain sensitivity was assessed by applying a known and increasing force with von Frey hairs (0.02 to 300 g-force) at the edge of the castration wound and at a control site, approximately 2 to 5 cm anterior to the teats, until animals showed a behavioral response or the highest force was reached. The incisions of younger calves healed more quickly than older ones [fully healed, median (95% confidence interval); 39 (32 to 61) vs. 61 (61 to 77) d; P = 0.002], however, they had relatively more swelling in the days after castration (P < 0.001). Younger animals reacted to lighter pressure of von Frey hairs compared to older calves especially in the first stages of healing process (P < 0.001), and there were other signs indicative of inflammation processes in this region at this time. However, there was no difference in the control site for either age group. In addition, it took longer for older calves to recover their daily weight gain after the procedure (P < 0.001). Taken together, these results paint a mixed picture about the effects of age of surgical castration. Calves castrated soon after birth experience more tissue swelling and show more signs of pain, but their incisions heal sooner and their weight gain is less affected, when compared to animals castrated around 73 d of age.

Progress on graft and fixation options of arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction

Anterior cruciate ligament injury is one of the most common injuries of knee joint. Arthroscopic reconstruction of anterior cruciate ligament is the most commonly performed procedure. A variety type of fixation techniques are being used nowadays, such as interference screw, cortical suspension fixation and transfix, all of which can achieve good effect, with both advantages and disadvantages. However, the healing of reconstructed grafts is a complicated and long-term process, which can be affected by many factors. The mechanical properties of the grafts are also changed greatly in all stages of healing process, adding variables for the post-operative rehabilitation.

The role of the extracellular matrix components in cutaneous wound healing.

Wound healing is the physiologic response to tissue trauma proceeding as a complex pathway of biochemical reactions and cellular events, secreted growth factors, and cytokines. Extracellular matrix constituents are essential components of the wound repair phenomenon. Firstly, they create a provisional matrix, providing a structural integrity of matrix during each stage of healing process. Secondly, matrix molecules regulate cellular functions, mediate the cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions, and serve as a reservoir and modulator of cytokines and growth factors' action. Currently known mechanisms, by which extracellular matrix components modulate each stage of the process of soft tissue remodeling after injury, have been discussed.

Basic science of wound healing

Acute wound healing involves a complex series of events including chemotaxis, cell division, neovascularization, synthesis of new extracellular matrix, and the formation and remodelling of the scar tissue. These events are regulated by several mediators including platelets, inflammatory cells, cytokines and growth factors, and matrix metalloproteinases and their inhibitors. In acute wounds, these processes (which are triggered by tissue injury) involve the four overlapping (but well-defined) phases of haemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodelling; an avascular scar is the final stage of the wound healing process. In contrast to this, some wounds fail to heal in a timely and orderly manner, resulting in chronic non-healing wounds. Alterations in one or more of these components could account for the impaired healing observed in chronic wounds because cytokines, growth factors, proteases, and cellular and extracellular elements all play important roles in different stages of the healing process. Also, dysregulation in certain stages of the healing process could result in excessive deposition of collagen and formation of abnormal scar, as seen in hypertrophic scars and keloids. In this review, the cellular and molecular events involved in acute wound healing and the mechanisms resulting in abnormal healing are discussed; the various types of wound healing are also discussed.

振動利用コヒーレンス関数解析による下顎骨骨折の治癒判定に関する研究

Stages of bone healing in mandibular fractures are evaluated mainly based on clinical symptoms and x-ray appearance. However, the above evaluations are thought to be subjective by nature. An experimental and a clinical studies on the stages of healing process of mandibular fractures were performed based on Coherence function analysis utilizing a vibration test, in order to develop an objective method to analyse the healing process in the mandibular fractures.Intermaxillary fixations with steel wires were placed in 19 male monkeys (about 6kg body weight, with permanent dentition) soon after the mandibles were intentionally fractured. Observations on the stages of healing process were performed weekly with x-ray and checking the level of vibration for 12 weeks after the intermaxillary fixation. The monkeys were sacrificed weekly and sections were prepared for a histological examination. The level of vibration frequency on the fracture site was consistently lower than that of the non-fracture site soon after the intermaxillary fixation. The vibration frequency of the fracture site, however, increased to almost the same level as that of the non-fracture site in the fourth week. Bone unions at the fracture site were histologically evident on the fourth week after the intermaxillary fixation and increased gradually. Clinical observations on the healing process of mandiblar fractures, based on Coherence function analysis employing the vibration test, were also performed on 60 patients who were treated in the Department of Oral Surgery, Dental Clinics of Hokkaido University. The vibration frequencies of the fracture sites in the mandibles were almost the same levels as those of the non-fracture sites four to five weeks after the intermaxillary fixation. The intermaxillary fixations were removed based on the results of Coherence function analysis, and no clinical problems were encountered. Follow up observations also revealed mandibular functions to be satisfactory.The above mentioned data suggests that Coherence function analysis employing the vibration test is a valuable method in evaluating the stages of healing process in mandibular fractures.

Detection of cyanoacrylate tissue adhesives in histological sections.

Previous histological studies of cyanoacrylate in wound healing have all used Oil-Red-O staining of paraffin sections prepared by routine method. In the course of our studies we began to suspect that artifact was being introduced because of dissolution of cyanoacrylate during processing. Accordingly, biopsis of wounds sealed with cyanoacrylate and pieces of cyanoacrylate of a standard known dimension with no associated tissue were observed after every stage of histological preparation. It was observed that approximately 80% of the cyanoacrylate was lost at the deparaffinization in xylene stage. Accordingly, a number of solvents were tested, and it was found that petroleum ether could be used to remove paraffin completely without the loss of any of the cyanoacrylate from the specimen. This technique has been used to view the location and ultimate fate of cyanoacrylate applied to wounds and examined at different stages in healing process. It is concluded that previous histological studies of cyanoacrylate in wound healing have been inaccurate due to leaching out of most of the tissue adhesive during deparaffinization of the specimen.