Stages Of Data Analysis Research Articles

Examination of Mathematics Teachers’ Strategic Flexibility in Solving Mathematical Problems

One of the fundamental skills teachers aim to impart in mathematics education is problem-solving. Developing and sustaining this skill is only possible if teachers possess strategic flexibility. Assessing the current level of teachers’ strategic flexibility is crucial, as it also plays a key role in their professional development. The research aims to explore the strategic flexibility of mathematics teachers in solving mathematical problems–both routine and non-routine problems. Using a qualitative research methodology, specifically the case study design, this study engaged a cohort of 12 mathematics teachers who were actively teaching during the autumn semester of the 2022-2023 academic year. These participants represented various educational levels, possessed different postgraduate qualifications, and had diverse years of professional experience. Data collection tools include a Problem Solving Flexibility Test with four math problems and semi-structured interviews to gather teachers’ perspectives on routine and non-routine problems. The semi-structured interviews aimed to reveal all the strategies that teachers use or can use when solving problems. In the initial stages of data analysis, the distinct strategies employed by each participating teacher in addressing the problems were classified. In the context of intra-task strategic flexibility, teachers often used different strategies simultaneously while solving a problem. Teachers were able to switch strategies or use a different strategy because they were able to tackle routine difficulties more readily. The most commonly favoured problem-solving approaches among participants was “Reasoning” and “Make a Drawing or Diagram”. Interestingly, strategies like “Look for a Pattern” and “Simplifying the Problem” were predominantly employed in non-routine scenarios, which is a significant finding of the research. It was found that teachers’ inter-tasks strategic flexibility paralleled their teaching experience and postgraduate education status. In summary, this study investigates how mathematics teachers adapt their problem-solving strategies when faced with different types of mathematical challenges, highlighting the prevalence of specific approaches in routine and non-routine contexts.

ANALYSIS OF PSEUDO THINKING PROCESS SKILLS IN ELEMENTARY SCHOOL STUDENTS THROUGH ETHNOMATHEMATICS BASED PROBLEM SOLVING

This research aims to analyze process skills in pseudo-thinking through ethnomathematics-based problem solving in elementary school students. The subjects used in this research were 4 students from class IVB of SD Negeri 76 Muaro Jambi involving 4 subjects, namely 2 male and female subjects who thought pseudo-true and 2 male and female subjects who thought pseudo-false. Data collection techniques in this research used tests, interviews and documentation. Data analysis used in this research includes data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The research procedures carried out in this research include the pre-field stage, field work stage, and data analysis stage. The results of the study stated that the four subjects showed various characteristics in using pseudo thinking patterns when answering mathematics questions. Each subject has abilities in several aspects of process skills in pseudo-true thinking, such as observing information, however, they still have shortcomings and difficulties in explaining the calculation process, communicating results, and understanding mathematical concepts as a whole. Consequently, further development is required to improve their processing skills in pseudo-thinking.

Implementation Of Management And Methods Of Tahfiz Al Qur'an In Ma As Surkati And Man Salatiga

Implementation of management and tahfiz al Qur'an methods at MA As Surkati and MAN Salatiga This research aims to find out how the management and methods of tahfiz al Qur'an are implemented at MA As Surkati and MAN Salatiga, the supporting and inhibiting factors, as well as the similarities and differences between tahfiz al Qur'an in the two madrasas. The method used in this research is a descriptive qualitative method with a comparative study type of research. Data collection techniques use observation, interviews and documentation methods. Stages in data analysis through data reduction, data presentation and drawing conclusions. The research results show that the implementation of tahfiz al-Qur'an management at MA As Surkati and MAN Salatiga consists of four parts, namely planning, organizing, implementing and evaluating. The method used in tahfidz al-Qur'an is the takrir method at MAN Salatiga and takrir plus translation at MA As Surkati. Among the supporting factors for tahfiz al-Qur'an in both madrasas are intention and determination, intelligence and enthusiasm, discipline and consistency, persistent and patient teachers, a good environment, repeating, staying away from sin, motivation and guidance, rewards and punishments and prayer. The inhibiting factors include internal factors within students such as feeling lazy and bored, as well as external factors such as a poor environment. The similarities between the tahfiz al Qur'an program at MA As Surkati and MAN Salatiga are the target of memorizing 30 juz, student acceptance tests, free memorization methods, evaluation exams using the tasmi' method, giving rewards and punishments and involving parents in order to support students. The differences between the tahfiz programs in the two madrasas lie in the students participating in the program, the period of education, the existing tahfiz program model, evaluation, and the levels of rewards and punishments

Pengaruh Tax Avoidance, Earnings Persistence dan Sustainability Report terhadap Nilai Perusahaan dengan Dewan Komisaris Independen Sebagai Variabel Pemoderasi

Business performance, investor expectations and growth prospects are reflected in the firm's value. High value makes a business more attractive to shareholders and investors and makes it easier for companies to obtain external funding. The aims of this research is to analyze the effect of tax avoidance, earnings persistence and sustainability report on firm value and analyze the effect of tax avoidance, earnings persistence and sustainability report on firm value with independent board of commissioners as a moderating variable. Research in mining sector companies listed on the IDX for the period 2020-2022 uses quantitative methodology. A total of 97 companies became the population of this study. Purposive sampling was used in this study to collect data into 77 samples. The data analysis stage uses three steps, namely prediction testing, classical assumption testing, and statistical analysis of variance with SPSS software. The findings show that tax avoidance has no effect on firm value. However, firm value is influenced by sustainability report elements and earnings persistence. In addition, the independent board of commissioners has an influence in terms of strengthening/weakening the relationship between earnings persistence and sustainability report on firm value. Meanwhile, in tax avoidance, the board of commissioners has no influence in strengthening / weakening the relationship to firm value. The conclusions of this study have consequences for regulators and prospective shareholder. Findings from this research can be useful for policy makers, especially those related to tax avoidance, earnings persistence and sustainability reports to increase firm value in Indonesia.

Pengaruh Brand Equity, Kepedulian Merek dan Personalitas Brand Terhadap Loyalitas Pelanggan Melalui Kepuasan Konsumen Sebagai Variabel Intervening: Studi pada Konsumen Kopi Kenangan Sidoarjo

This research aims to determine and analyze the influence of brand equity in the Kopi Kenangan brand on customer loyalty. The method used in this research uses a qualitative method which uses an approach that collects, analyzes and interprets data in the form of numbers or measurable data. With the findings that have been investigated through the process starting from the data collection stage, the data processing process, until reaching the data analysis stage, researchers can conclude that brand equity partially has an insignificant and positive influence on loyalty.

Involving children and young people in supportive cancer care research: the value of FDS grant funding and charitable partnerships

INTRODUCTION Involvement of children and young people in research has a multitude of benefits for children, researchers and the quality of the research itself. Despite the benefits of involvement, this is not always completed or reported in practice. METHODS This paper looks at the involvement of children and young people during a research study exploring the acceptability of photobiomodulation for mucositis management. It considers the importance of costing involvement into grant funding, and the value of charitable partnerships in conducting research with patient and public involvement. RESULTS Children and young people with experience of cancer, and their parents, were involved at the stages of grant application, research design, data analysis and dissemination. Involvement of families resulted in changes to inclusion criteria, plain language summaries and participant information documents. They provided insight into data analysis, and designed and filmed co-created video outputs to support acceptability of the treatment, dissemination of the research and research involvement of other children. Involvement was supported both practically and financially by charitable partnership with the Candlelighters children’s cancer charity as well as research grant funding from the Royal College of Surgeons of England’s Faculty of Dental Surgery. CONCLUSIONS Child and parent contributors shaped the research project, resulting in changes to the study design, data analysis and co-creation of video resources. Charitable partnership and flexibility of involvement supported diversity in the context of paediatric cancer research. Researchers should consider what they can contribute in return to child contributors and charities who provide support.

Consumer Perceptions of Maslahah on Halal-Labeled Madura Herbal Medicine

The background of this study is based on the fact that Madura herbal medicine is an interesting alternative treatment and is believed to be effective, as well as being Madurese local wisdom that has been trusted for generations. Therefore, consumers are faced with the choice of the maslahah and halalness of Madura herbal medicine. This study was conducted as part of the description of answers to these problems by testing independent variables using comparative quantitative methods. The research variable was the consumer perceptions of Madura herbal medicine products that were halal-labeled and those that did not have a halal label. The population was consumers of Madura herbal medicine in Kwanyar and Modung districts, Bangkalan Regency. The sampling of the population in this study used Lemeshow's formulation because the exact number of populations was unknown, and the sample determination used a random sampling approach with an accidental sampling technique. The main data collection used questionnaires and documentation techniques. Following the principles of research methodology, a series of data analysis stages have been carried out through questionnaire instrument testing (validity and reliability tests), data distribution normality tests (as a requirement for the t-test), and the one-sample t-test. From the test results, it is known that the perception of the consumer of the maslahah of the Madura herbal medicine is different. Halal-labeled Madura herbal medicine is perceived to guarantee more maslahah, while nonhalal-labeled Madura herbal medicine is not.

Analisis Penerapan JKN Mobile bagi Pengguna Lansia di Rumah Sakit Harapan dan Doa (RSHD) Kota Bengkulu

The JKN Mobile application has purposed to facilitate BPJS Health participants in employing JKN-KIS services without the need to come directly to the BPJS office. The aim of this research is to determine how JKN Mobile is employed by senior citizens at Bengkulu City's Harapan and Doa Hospitals, as well as to outline the services provided to JKN Mobile senior citizens at RSHD Bengkulu City.The research method employed in this study is the qualitative research method. Data collections were carried out through observation, interviews, and documentation. Informant selection technique using accidental sampling. The stages of data analysis used are data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The results of this study indicate the application of JKN Mobile for older people users at Harapan and Doa Hospital, Bengkulu City, found problems with older people users who claimed to be quite difficult in using the JKN Mobile application to get services at the hospital such as not having a smartphone that supports it, not understanding how to use the JKN Mobile application, to difficulties due to not having a family companion as a source of information supporting the older people.

Service Quality Improvement Strategies Through Strengthening Organizational Culture, Transformational Leadership, Self-Efficacy, and Work Engagement

This study aims to analyze the improvement of service quality through strengthening organizational culture, transformational leadership, self-efficacy, and work engagement. The types of data in this study are quantitative data and qualitative data. Research data collection was carried out using a questionnaire to respondents. In this study, the data analysis stage begins with descriptive variable analysis, prerequisite test analysis, and continued with path analysis. The results showed that 1) there is a significant direct positive effect of organizational culture (X1) on service quality (Y), 2) there is a significant direct positive effect of transformational leadership (X2) on service quality (Y), 3) there is a significant direct positive effect of self-efficacy (X3) on service quality (Y), 4) there is a significant positive direct effect of organizational culture (X1) on work engagement (X4), 5) there is a significant positive direct effect of transformational leadership (X2) on work engagement (X4), 6) there is a significant positive direct effect of self-efficacy (X3) on work engagement (X4), 7) there is a significant positive direct effect of work engagement (X4) on service quality (Y), 8) there is a significant positive indirect effect of organizational culture (X1) on service quality (Y) through work engagement (X4), 9) there is a significant indirect positive effect of transformational leadership (X2) on service quality (Y) through work engagement (X4), 10) there is a significant indirect positive effect of self-efficacy (X3) on service quality (Y) through work engagement (X4).

Examining Student Perception and Enthusiasm for The MBKM Program: A Comprehensive Study

Merdeka Belajar Kampus Merdeka (MBKM) is a new policy that has not been widely understood by students. It is necessary to assess students' perceptions and interests in this policy. This study was conducted to determine the extent of student perceptions of this policy and the level of student interest in the programs offered. The stages of the research method carried out include the preparation stage, data collection stage, data processing stage, and data analysis stage. The research method used in this study is a survey method using questionnaires as a data collection tool. The respondents of this study were 232 students of the elementary school teacher education study program starting from the Class of 2020 until 2022. Data analysis techniques use descriptive analysis, categorization and cross-tabulation as well as spherman rank correlation analysis. The results showed that students' interest in participating in the MBKM program was in the medium category. Student perceptions of MBKM policies are highest in the good category, and these perceptions are related to interest in participating in the MBKM program. Meanwhile, students' perceptions of MBKM programs are in the good category and these perceptions are related to their interest in participating in the MBKM program.

Investigating the Role of Digital Transformation, Digital Knowledge Management and Digital Innovation on Sustainable Performance (SDG) of SMES

Objective: This research aims to analyze the relationship between digital transformation and sustainability, analyze the relationship between digital innovation and sustainability and analyze the relationship between digital knowledge management and sustainability. Method: The research method used in this research is a quantitative method, research data analysis uses the structural equation modelling partial least squares (PLS-SEM) method with tools for processing data using SmartPLS 4.0 software. The population of this research are administrators or managers of SMEs in Indonesia. The respondents of this research were 467 SME managers who were determined using a simple random sampling method. Research data was obtained by distributing online questionnaires via digital platforms or online media. The questionnaire was designed to contain statement indicators using a 5 Likert scale. The independent variables of this research are digital transformation, digital innovation and digital knowledge management, the dependent variable of this research is sustainability. The stages of data analysis are unified validity, reliability testing hypothesis testing or significance testing of relationships between variables. Result: The results of this research are that digital transformation has a positive and significant relationship to sustainability, digital innovation has a positive and significant relationship to sustainability and digital knowledge management has a positive and significant relationship to sustainability. Research Implication: The results of this research provide an idea to SME stakeholders that to improve SME sustainability, competitiveness and performance, SME managers need to adopt digital transformation in SME operational activities. To achieve SME sustainability, SME managers need to cultivate a culture of digital innovation and management. digital knowledge in SME operational activities.

Range shifts and non-monotonic clines in studies of Bergmann’s rule as applied to climate change

Abstract Bergmann’s rule states that organisms should be smaller in warmer climates. This traditionally implied warmer latitudes, but also applies to warmer eras, as forming due to climate change. Integrating spatial and temporal ecology (chronoecogeography) can help us understand and predict how different species respond to environmental changes over time. However, study results can be misinterpreted if researchers do not take steps in the data collection or analysis stages to account for range shifting or non-monotonic patterns. Multiple variables can cause an organism’s geographic and recent temporal size clines to differ significantly, as seen in a review in this article, and these cannot easily be modeled. Range shifting can affect Bergmann’s rule modeling, especially regarding effects from climate change, and this article suggests methods to account for this when incorporating the dimension of time into climate change-focused ecogeographic research.

Exploration Mathematical Aesthetics through Logical and Critical Thinking Based on High Mathematical Ability

This study aims to explore the logical and critical thinking process of junior high school students in solving ill-structured problems based on mathematics ability. The research subject consisted of one student with high mathematics ability. The supporting instruments for data collection were: 1) Test of Mathematical Ability (TKM) consisting of 10 items in the form of descriptions to select subjects with high mathematical ability, 2) Ill-structured Problem Task (TMI), 3) Interviewing the subject based on the task (TMI). The data analysed in this study are interview transcript data, document data and field notes. This study used three stages in data analysis, namely data condensation, data display and conclusion drawing and verification. To validate the findings, the author applied method triangulation until consistent data was obtained, i.e. the data was structured and the content was relatively the same. Furthermore, consistent data in this study is categorised as research data. The results showed that the logical and critical thinking process of high mathematics ability students in solving ill-structured problems consisted of: (1) problem representation; (2) Generating Solution; (3) Justification; and (4) Monitoring and Evaluation. Based on the results of research related to the exploration of mathematical aesthetics through logical and critical thinking, it is recommended as material for further research development in terms of other aspects

ANALISIS LITERASI MATEMATIS SISWA SMP DALAM MENYELESAIKAN SOAL ALJABAR BERORIENTASI AKM NUMERASI DITINJAU DARI GAYA KOGNITIF

The aims in this research is to identify the mathematical literacy skill of student based on cognitive style, specifically field independent (FI) and field dependent (FD), in solving AKM numeracy oriented problems in algebra content on SPLDV material. Descriptive qualitative are applied as the method with data collected through written test, interview, and documentation, validated using triangulation technique. The study use three main stages in data analysis: reducing data, presenting data, and make conclusion. The findings show that field independent student excel in various mathematical literacy indicator compared to field dependent students, including communications skill, devising strategies for solving problems, reasoning and argument, using symbolic, operations, technical language and formal language. However, field independent student still face challenges in mathematization and representation, especially in non-routine problems. Meanwhile, field dependent student have advantages in mathematical literacy indicators such as communications skill, reasoning and argument, using symbolic, operations technical language and formal language, thus requiring more assistance and explanations to achieve the same result as field independent students.

Systematic evaluation of generative machine learning capability to simulate distributions of observables at the large hadron collider

Monte Carlo simulations are a crucial component when analysing the Standard Model and New physics processes at the Large Hadron Collider. This paper aims to explore the performance of generative models for complementing the statistics of classical Monte Carlo simulations in the final stage of data analysis by generating additional synthetic data that follows the same kinematic distributions for a limited set of analysis-specific observables to a high precision. Several deep generative models are adapted for this task and their performance is systematically evaluated using a well-known benchmark sample containing the Higgs boson production beyond the Standard Model and the corresponding irreducible background. The paper evaluates the autoregressive models and normalizing flows and the applicability of these models using different model configurations is investigated. The best performing model is chosen for a further evaluation using a set of statistical procedures and a simplified physics analysis. By implementing and performing a series of statistical tests and evaluations we show that a machine-learning-based generative procedure can be used to generate synthetic data that matches the original samples closely enough and that it can therefore be incorporated in the final stage of a physics analysis with some given systematic uncertainty.

The role of collaborative governance and total quality management on immigration services quality

This research aims to investigate the role of collaborative governance on the quality of immigration services and the role of Total Quality Management on immigration services quality. This research method uses a quantitative method approach, research data was obtained by distributing online questionnaires via the Google Form platform. The questionnaire is designed to contain statement items on a Likert scale of 1 to 7. A 7-point Likert scale can minimize measurement errors and be more precise. The Likert scale used in this research is (1) strongly disagree, (2) disagree, (3) quite disagree, (4) Neutral, (5) quite agree, (6) agree, (7) Strongly agree. The respondents for this research were 378 senior employees of the immigration department in Indonesia who were determined using a simple random sampling method. Analysis of research data uses the partial least squares (PLS) structural equation modeling (SEM) approach with data processing tools using SmartPLS 4.0 software. The variables in this research are the dependent variables, namely collaborative governance, Total Quality Management and the dependent variable is the quality of immigration services. The stages of data analysis are validity testing, reliability testing and significance testing or hypothesis testing. Based on the results of the analysis and discussion that have been presented in this research, this research uses the Partial Least Square (PLS) method for data analysis, it can be concluded as follows, it is concluded that collaborative governance has a positive and significant relationship to the quality of immigration services, Total Quality Management has a positive and significant relationship to the quality of immigration services. Implementing collaborative governance can encourage improvements in the quality of immigration services. Implementing Total Quality Management can encourage improvements in immigration services quality.

Political Economic Analysis of China’s Foreign Policy Changes Towards Afghanistan From 2014 to 2023

China's foreign policy towards Afghanistan in the 2014-2023 period has changed in a more proactive direction. Moreover, when the Taliban succeeded in taking power in Afghanistan, China decided to maintain its concession with the country that had replaced the regime that has shown a significant change in its foreign policy towards Afghanistan, after previously freezing diplomatic relations with the country when the Taliban's first occupation occurred in the 1996-2001 period. Therefore, this research is held to determine the reasons for China's foreign policy changes towards Afghanistan from 2014 to 2023, in terms of political-economic analysis. The theory used is foreign policy, using the Goldmann model and the Holsti model approach to identify changes in China's foreign policy towards Afghanistan. The method used in this research is explanatory with data sources obtained through interviews and literature study. In the data analysis stage, the authors sort out information that is relevant to the research topic, followed by the process of presenting data and drawing conclusions. The final results of this research show that Xi Jinping is the main actor behind changes in China's foreign policy towards Afghanistan since 2014. Securing China's economic interests in the development of Gwadar Port, a significant energy infrastructure project in BRI cooperation, became one of the main considerations for Xi Jinping to change China's foreign policy towards Afghanistan.

How the role of digital leadership and public service reform on bureaucratic revitalization? An empirical study of e-government implementation

This research investigates the relationship between the variables of public service reform (PSR) and bureaucratic revitalization and the relationship between digital leadership (DL) and bureaucratic revitalization. The research method used in this research is quantitative survey research which aims to determine the relationship between two or more variables. The research method for this research is quantitative associative, the population of this study is senior immigration officers. The data analysis method uses structural equation modeling (SEM) partial least squares (PLS), the respondents for this study were 634 senior immigration office employees who were determined using the simple random sampling method—non probability sampling, the questionnaire was designed to contain statement items using a 7 point Likert scale. A closed questionnaire is a list of questions or statements that are equipped with multiple answer choices expressed in scale form. The Likert scale used in this research is (1) strongly disagree, (2) disagree, (3) quite disagree, (4) neutral, (5) quite agree, (6) agree, (7) strongly agree. Data processing in this research used SmartPLS software. The independent variables of this research are digital leadership and public service reform and the dependent variable is bureaucratic revitalization. The stages of data analysis in this research are the outer model test which includes convergent validity, discriminant validity and composite reliability as well as inner model analysis, namely hypothesis testing. The results of this research show that public service reform has a positive and significant relationship to bureaucratic revitalization and digital leadership has a positive and significant relationship to bureaucratic revitalization. This research implies that leaders focus on engaging, using, and handling the uncertainty of emerging technologies, digital tools, and data, leaders to support bureaucratic revitalization, the immigration department must implement digital leadership, immigration leaders should encourage the use of digital platforms in their organizations, support and facilitate digital transformation. The immigration department should increase the revitalization of the bureaucracy, the immigration department should carry out public service reforms. Public services are to be good if they fulfill several principles of public interest, legal certainty, equal rights, balance of rights and obligations, professionalism, participativeness, equality of treatment/non-discrimination, openness, accountability, facilities and special treatment for vulnerable groups, timeliness, speed, convenience and affordability.

Innovative Exercise for Nursing PhD Students: Addressing Biases During Integrative Literature Reviews.

Nursing PhD students face the difficulty of conducting integrative literature reviews that may lead to bias and lack of rigor particularly in the literature search, data evaluation, and data analysis stages. This article describes the development and use of an arts-based learning exercise to identify potential biases and improve on the critical and writing skills of students during the integrative literature review process. The exercise consisted of visits to the university's museum, moderated discussions with nursing faculty and the museum educator, visual analyses of artwork, building art portfolios, and writing assignments. The exercise was modified over 3 years based on student feedback. Students reported the exercise helped in critical and writing skills, in identifying areas of potential bias, and in enhancing the methodological rigor of the review process. Conducting literature reviews is integral in doctoral nursing education and this innovative exercise can facilitate this process. [J Nurs Educ. 2024;63(X):XXX-XXX.].

APT-scope: A novel framework to predict advanced persistent threat groups from enriched heterogeneous information network of cyber threat intelligence

Addressing the expanding Advanced Persistent Threat (APT) landscape is crucial for governments, enterprises and threat intelligence research groups. While defenders often rely on tabular formats for assets like logs, alerts, firewall rules; attackers leverage a graph-based mindset. In this work, we propose a novel multistage framework named APT-Scope which employs a comprehensive approach to Cyber Threat Intelligence (CTI) analysis on qualified real-world data. APT-Scope workflow consists of data gathering, enrichment, and analysis stages, where relationships between entities are used to construct a Heterogeneous Information Network (HIN). We applied CTI enrichment using additional active data collection techniques like DNS and Whois lookups, port scans, SSL footprinting, named entity recognition via SpaCy, and constructed a machine learning pipeline to predict relationships between entities using FastRP and Logistic Regression. By analyzing the resulting HIN, we discovered aliases for APT groups and predicted threat actors of APT attacks with unknown perpetrators. We observed AUCPR metrics as train score = 96.57% and test score = 92.36%. Our work is beneficial to oversee the entire APT landscape, steer ongoing and future CTI operations and make strategic decisions.