Stafne Bone Defect Research Articles

A rare case of unilateral double Stafne bone defects and literature review.

Stafne bone defect (SBD) is a rare developmental bone defect characterized by an asymptomatic focal concavity of the cortical bone, typically on the lingual aspect of the mandibular body, which generally contains salivary gland tissue. It can be detected during routine dental examinations and typically appears as an ovoid, well-defined, well-corticated, radiolucent depression in the posterior mandibular region below the inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) (in: Neville et al, Oral and maxillofacial pathology, Elsevier, Inc, St. Louis, MO, 2016).An 80-year-old male presented to our clinic for a routine dental examination. Panoramic radiography and cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) displayed two well-defined, well-corticated, ovoid radiolucencies inferior to the IAN canal on the left mandibular molar region. The working diagnosis was SBD, and the patient was informed of the findings. Irregular margins on the superior aspect of the anterior defect were noted on CBCT imaging; therefore, follow-up with panoramic images at 6months, 1 and 5years was recommended.

Stafne Bone Defect: A 24- Year Case Report of a Benign Surgical Condition

Stafne Bone Defect: A 24- Year Case Report of a Benign Surgical Condition

CBCT as a tool for differential diagnosis between bone lesions and anatomic variations: a clinical case series

The clinical examination associated with complementary tests are the basis for establishing the diagnosis. In the context of complementary imaging exams, cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) represents a relevant tool as it allows more precise and detailed assessments of the oral and maxillofacial region. The objective of this study was to identify and describe anatomical variations of the oral and maxillofacial complex that mimic bone lesions. The presence of these structures may increase the possibility of errors in diagnosis and consequently in the treatment plan, and the role of CBCT as an essential tool for differential diagnosis. This case series reported 9 patients with anatomical variations that mimicked bone lesions, of which the differential diagnosis was obtained through CBCT, as pneumatization of the sphenoid sinus, extensions of the maxillary sinus, Stafne's bone defects, reduced thickness of the mandibular symphyses and morphological variation of mandible head. Thus, CBCT seems to be a relevant tool that optimizes the differential diagnosis between variations in normality and bone lesions, favoring both the diagnosis and the design of the treatment plan.

Evaluation of Panoramic Radiographs of Totally Edentulous Jaws: A Retrospective Study

Aim: This retrospective study aimed to determine the incidence of random findings in digital panoramic images acquired from edentulous patients presenting for conventional prosthetic rehabilitations or implant-supported dentures. Materials and Methods: In this retrospective study, of the patients aged 16 years and older, 950 of 1100 panoramic films were evaluated by two maxillofacial radiologists (MA and IBY) in ambient light on an LCD monitor. The final classification and radiographic status of each finding were recorded after inter-observer consensus. Radiographs with low image quality and artifacts that did not include the demographic information of the patients were not included in the study. In the present study; impacted teeth, root remnants, radiolucent (RL) lesions, radiopaque (RO) lesions (including idiopathic osteosclerosis), foreign bodies, crest atrophies, soft tissue calcifications, maxillary sinus opacities, and Stafne bone defects were examined. Lesions affecting the alveolar region were divided into three regions as anterior (incisors and canines region), premolars and molars region. Results: Tonsillitis was observed in a total of 55 individuals, 26 men and 29 women. Sialolith was seen in a total of 3 patients, 2 male and 1 female, but phleboliths were not found in any of them. Styloid ligament ossification(SLO) was seen in a total of 125 patients, 69 of these cases were female and 56 were male, however calcified atherosclerotic plaque is the most common calcification with 156 individuals and a rate of 16.4% among calcifications. Laryngeal cartilage calcification, which is seen in 36 female and 23 male individuals. Conclusion: The outcome of this study indicated that the ratio of advantageous findings fixed in digital panoramic images of totally edentulous patients was highly rated. There are indispensable for patients with total edentulism such as routine use and careful examination of panoramic images.

Sialolithiasis of the submandibular gland associated with stafne bone defect: case report

Sialolithiasis of the submandibular gland associated with stafne bone defect: case report

Effect of Stafne bone defect on the adjacent tooth: A review of the literature.

PurposeThis report presents a case of an unusual and rare presentation of Stafne bone defect (SBD) with apical resorption extending from the lower right lateral incisor to the right first premolar. A systematic search of the current literature on cases where SBD affected the adjacent teeth was conducted.Materials and MethodsFrom 259 identified articles, 114 studies were examined, containing 12 individuals with a mean age of 41.58 years. Ten cases in the anterior mandible and 2 in the posterior mandible were found.ResultsThe results of SBD varied from apical blunting to severe root resorption, and some cases showed close apical contact with the lesion or involvement of the root without any effect.ConclusionSBD is an unusual incidental finding in the anterior region of the mandible, and unexpected behavior of the lesion, such as root resorption, must be considered.

STAFNE BONE CYST OF MANDIBLE - A RARE PSEUDOCYST

Background: Stafne bone cyst (SBC) is a bone depression found on the lingual side of the mandible. It is usually asymptomatic and is usually diagnosed on the routine radiographs as an incidental nding. So it has an unknown prevalence. The lesion resembles many odontogenic pathologies and the entity remains a diagnostic challenge. The aim of this case report is to describe the clinical and radiological characteristics of a case of stafne bone cyst and the importance of cone beam computed tomography in conrming the diagnosis. Method: Analysis of orthopantomogram (OPG) and cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) was done on the basis of diagnostic criteria described by Stafne. Result : According to the clinical and radiographic ndings and based on the dental literature, it was concluded that the observed bony cavity was a Stafne bone defect, located in the angle of mandible below inferior alveolar canal. Conclusion: Differential diagnosis of SBC's from other possible pathologies that may require treatment and imaging technique selection according to case is signicant. The use of CBCT is highlighted because of the ne detail of imaging , low radiation dose and limited area exposure which is benecial for the diagnosis of SBC.

Imaging features of Stafne bone defects on computed tomography: An assessment of 40 cases.

PurposeThis study was performed to assess and describe the imaging features of 40 cases of Stafne bone defects (SBDs) on computed tomographic (CT) examinations.Materials and MethodsThis study collected data, including age and sex, from 40 patients with SBDs who underwent CT exams. The imaging features of the SBDs were assessed in terms of their location, average size, the relationship of their contour with the cortical plate of the lingual mandible, bone margins, degree of internal density, shape, topographic relationship between the defect and the mandibular edge, the distance from the SBD to the base of the mandible, and the Ariji classification (type I, II, and III).ResultsThe average age was 57.3 years (range, 28–78 years), and the patients were predominantly male (70%). In all cases (100%), the posterior unilateral lingual SBD variant was observed. Within the Ariji classification, type I was the most common (60%). Among the most frequently observed radiographic characteristics were thick sclerotic bone margin across the entire defect contour, completely hypointense internal content, an oval shape, and continuity with the mandibular base with discontinuity of the mandibular edge.ConclusionThis study showed that posterior SBDs could present with an oval or rounded shape, complete hypodensity, and thick sclerotic margins. Likewise, SBDs could appear almost anywhere, with minor differences from the classic SBD appearance. It is fundamental for dental practitioners to know the imaging features of SBDs, since they are diagnosed primarily based on imaging.

Radiographic Evaluation of the Prevalence of Stafne Bone Defect

Radiographic Evaluation of the Prevalence of Stafne Bone Defect

Analysis of digital panoramic imaging findings of completely edentulous patients applying for prosthetic treatment

Aim: The aim of this study is determination of the prevalence and clinical significance of random findings detected in digital panoramic images of complete edentulism patients, applied for prosthetic treatment.Material and Methods: Of the 382 images, 189 digital panoramic images (49.5%) matching the study criteria were included in the study. The positive findings were evaluated, such as impacted teeth, residual roots, radiolucent lesions, radiopaque (RO) lesions, foreign bodies, atrophic crest, soft tissue calcifications (STCs), maxillary sinus opacities, Stafne bone defects, stylohyoid ligament ossifications, and laryngeal cartilage calcifications. The findings were analyzed in different age groups and evaluated with descriptive analysis.Results: Images of 100 male (53%) and 89 female (47%) patients with a mean age of 64.2±9.6 were examined. It was found that 80% (n=151) of the patients were delivered conventional complete dentures, 20% (n=38) of them were delivered complete dentures in the upper jaw, and two implant-retained overdentures in the lower jaw. The detected positive radiographic findings were 94.7% (n=179); 48.7% (n=87) were in female and 51.3% (n=92) were in male. The most common positive findings were maxillary (50.7%) and mandibular (28.4%) crest atrophies, followed by maxillary sinus opacities (25.9%), and STCs in tonsilloliths region (18.5%). In all age groups, the most common positive finding was maxillary crest atrophy.Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the rate of positive findings detected in digital panoramic images of completely edentulous patients was high. Routine use and careful examination of panoramic images are essential for patients with complete edentulism.

PREVALENCE OF STAFNE BONE DEFECT BY RADIOGRAPHIC EVALUATION: A STUDY FROM 3 CENTERS IN BRAZIL

Objective To investigate the prevalence of the Stafne bone defect (SBD) in the Brazilian population and to describe the clinical and radiographic characteristics of detected cases. Study Design A retrospective and observational study in 17,180 panoramic radiographs of patients with previous indication for this type of examination for dental treatment evaluated in 3 centers in Brazil. In each center, 2 researchers evaluated the images in a consensual way for the diagnosis of SBD, under the supervision of a third researcher who reached a final consensus in case of disagreement of the first two. Results Among the 17,180 patients, only 15 (0.08%) had SBD, 3 were female and 12 were male. The age range of patients with SBD was 30 to 69 years (mean age 49.2 years). Fourteen cases were diagnosed in the posterior region of the mandible body and 1 case in the ascending branch. Conclusions According to our results, SBD is an uncommon developmental anomaly most found in middle-aged male patients. It presents a typical radiographic appearance, with panoramic radiography being a valuable tool for the diagnosis of this condition. It is important that dental surgeons be able to diagnose SBD, in order to avoid unnecessary invasive surgical procedures.

THE IMPORTANCE OF CONE BEAM COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY FOR THE DIAGNOSIS OF STAFNE BONE DEFECT

Stafne bone defects are asymptomatic lingual bone depressions of the lower jaw that are frequently caused by submandibular salivary gland inclusion. A 64-year-old male patient was referred to the radiology clinic for evaluation of a root fracture in the left mandibular first permanent molar using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). On the panoramic reconstruction, a hypodense image was observed, with a rounded shape, well delimited by a hyperdense halo, located in the mandibular body and below the mandibular canal, suggestive of a Stafne bone defect or cystic and tumor lesion. Through the multiplanar and 3-dimensional reconstructions, an image compatible with bone depression was identified in the lingual cortical bone, confirming the diagnosis of Stafne bone defect. The CBCT is a complementary exam indicated for the diagnosis of the Stafne bone defect, since it allows visualization of the concavity present in the lingual cortical bone, ruling out other pathologies.

CONDYLE SALIVARY GLAND DEFECT (STAFNE DEFECT) MIMICKING AN ODONTOGENIC CYST

Stafne bone defect consists of an asymptomatic, anatomic condition of uncertain origin and rare evolvement, often discovered at random in routine radiographic examinations. It is usually consisted on mandibular salivary gland inclusion as a developmental anomaly represented by a bone concavity usually containing submandibular gland tissue. A 39-year-old woman presented a hypodense lesion in the condyle of the left side of the jaw, discovered randomly. Because of the fact that the lesion mimics a cyst of odontogenic origin, excisional biopsy and later histopathologic analysis were performed. The histologic slices revealed the presence of ectopic serous salivary glands located in the head of the left condyle, characterizing a Stafne defect. Faced with this diagnosis, the conduct was the patient´s periodic follow-up.

Mandibular Bone Defect Imaging Features in Cone Beam Computed Tomography: A Case Report

Mandibular bone defect or Stafne bone defect is usually an incidental finding in imaging examinations due to its lack of symptomatology. It is often observed as a radiolucent lesion with well defined limits. In this report it is demonstrated a case of mandibular bone defect close to the mandible angle, in a 16-year old female, that performed cone beam computed tomography examination in order to verify the proximity of the third inferior molar to the mandibular canal. In this case, it was verified that the defect was continuous to the mandible border and it had a thick sclerotic margin. No treatment is necessary to mandibular bone defects, but regular follow-ups are strongly recommended.

INTRAOSSEOUS LIPOMA OF THE MANDIBLE

<h3>Background</h3> Intraosseous lipoma (IL) is an uncommon, benign lesion of the bones, making up approximately 0.1% of all primary osseous tumors. Presentation within the jaws remains particularly rare, with no more than 20 cases of mandibular intraosseous lipoma (MIL) documented within the English language literature. Its presentation is often mistaken for other entities, such as anterior Stafne bone defect, traumatic bone cavity, keratocystic odontogenic tumor, adenomatoid odontogenic tumor, and glandular odontogenic cyst. MIL has been documented with variable signs and symptoms and locations, but manifestations in the anterior mandible are especially uncommon. <h3>Discussion/Conclusions</h3> A 33-year-old Hispanic female presented with an incidental finding of a well-defined, intraosseous unilocular radiolucent lesion in the right anterior mandible that was not visible on previous radiographs. The lesion measured 30 × 20 mm, without cortical expansion, and was located apical to teeth #25, #26, and #27, which were asymptomatic. The lesion was enucleated, and the specimen was histologically confirmed to be MIL. This uncommon case of MIL has helped to better describe the features of this rare entity. The medial border of this lesion closely approximated the symphyseal midline, even when the lesion approaches the anterior mandible in only about 20% of described cases. The lesion also presented in the fourth decade of life, below the typical age of the fifth and sixth decades. Features of the current case have not been previously reported, given the small number of cases documented in the literature. Although MIL has a mild behavior and does not require aggressive surgical management, this case illustrates that it may mimic other diseases, given its location in the anterior mandible in a younger patient, thus hindering an accurate diagnosis.

Stafne bone defect of the molar region of the mandible

Background/purposeThe classic Stafne bone defect (SBD) is a rare small well-demarcated radiolucent lesion in the molar region of the mandible near the mandibular angle. This study reported a series of 5 SBD cases.Materials and methodsThis study reviewed 4000 consecutive panoramic radiographs from February 2017 to May 2017 and found 5 classic SBD cases. The clinical and radiographic findings of these 5 SBD cases were reported.ResultsWe found 5 SBD cases presenting as small, well-defined, and radiolucent lesions at the typical first molar to third molar region of the mandible near the mandibular angle and below the mandibular canal. The mean age of the 5 patients at the time of diagnosis was 53.4 years (range, 45–69 years). All the 5 SBD cases occurred in male patients, 3 were on the right side and 2 were on the left side of the mandible. The mean greatest dimension of the 5 SBDs was 1.5 cm (range, 1.2–1.9 cm). All the 5 SBD cases were found incidentally on the panoramic radiographs and two of them were confirmed by cone-beam computed tomography. No surgical intervention was performed for these 5 SBD cases.ConclusionThe classic SBDs occur most frequently in male patients in the age group between 40 years and 60 years. For the SBDs at the typical site of the molar region of the mandible near the mandibular angle and below the mandibular canal, these lesions can be monitored by panoramic radiography once per one or two years.

Severe sublingual haematoma as a surgical complication of a misdiagnosed anterior stafne bone defect

Background: Stafne bone defects (SBDs) are often asymptomatic and found during routine radiographic examinations. They are usually located lingually in the posterior mandible below the inferior alveolar canal but may also appear in the anterior mandible.

A non-pathological lesion - Stafnes bone CYST

Stafne bone cysts (SBC) are asymptomatic bony depressions present on the lingual aspect of mandible caused by soft tissue involvement. As SBC’s are asymptomatic radiolucent lesion on the mandible, they are incidentally seen during a routine radiographic examination. Diagnosis of such lesions is essential due to its radiographical similarities with that of other odontogenic pathologies. We present a case of SBC which was firstly diagnosed with plain radiograph. Keywords: Static bone cyst, Stafne bone defect, Static bone defect, Latent bone cyst, Idiopathic bone cavity.

ANATOMIC VARIATIONS OF THE MANDIBLE MIMICKING RADIOLUCENT LESIONS IN THE JAW

Background The mandible can present marked anatomic variations that mimic lytic lesions radiographically. Most of the variations are well known in the posterior region but can represent diagnostic challenges when located in the unusual anterior area. We present 2 cases of anterior morphologic variants of the mandible incidentally identified after evaluation of panoramic radiographs. Previous multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) images were utilized for the confirmation of our interpretations. Clinical and Radiologic Findings First case: A 65-year-old man came to our department for dental treatment. A panoramic radiograph of the patient revealed a well-defined, corticated, unilocular, oval-shaped, radiolucent entity inferior to teeth #27 to #28, mimicking an apical radicular cyst, traumatic bone cyst, or keratocystic odontogenic tumor. However, the vitality of the involved teeth and the thick cortical border of this entity led to our interpretation of the lesion as an anterior Stafne defect, which was confirmed with a prior MDCT made from a previous oral cancer screening. Second case: A 34-year-old male came to the hospital for extraction of infected retained roots. A panoramic radiograph was made, and it demonstrated a large cyst-like radiolucent area in the anterior mandible, with apparent scalloping margins, possible root resorption, and divergence of the involved teeth. However, the prior MDCT image revealed that the radiolucent area in the mandibular anterior region was a result of marked facial and lingual undercuts, with no evidence of pathosis. Differential or Definitive Interpretation Case #1: anterior Stafne bone defect. Case #2: facial and lingual anterior undercuts. Discussion/Conclusions Panoramic radiographs can demonstrate that any localized marked anatomic depression in the mandible could mimic a cystic lesion and, in some cases, more aggressive pathosis. It is important to recognize the specific radiographic features and the location of the morphologic variants of the mandible and utilize other available imaging studies before making any interpretation and/or initiating unnecessary invasive diagnostic procedures.

An Unusual Presentation of Stafne Bone Defect with Dental Resorption: a Case Report

An Unusual Presentation of Stafne Bone Defect with Dental Resorption: a Case Report