Staff Behavior Research Articles

Leisure and cultural identity: an empirical study based on root-seeking summer camp for ethnic Chinese new generation

This study examines the role of root-seeking summer camps in enhancing Chinese cultural identity among the new ethnic Chinese generation (ECNG) amidst the challenges of globalization. Semi-structured interviews with thirty campers revealed that ECNG often lack clear ethnic consciousness, experience conflict in community relationships, and have limited opportunities for traditional cultural experiences. The study found that summer camps exert both intrinsic and extrinsic influences on campers. Intrinsically, they facilitate the internalization of leisure motivation, foster a deepened leisure experience, and promote strengthened leisure interactions. Extrinsically, they provide opportunities for leisure education and cultural immersion. Through this synergy, summer camps enhance the cultural identification of ECNG. However, the study also noted that course enjoyment and teaching staff behavior could influence perceptions of the camp. This study contributes to understanding the relationship between leisure and identity, explaining how summer camp activities enhance ECNG’s cultural identity, and offering insights for governments and agencies.

A method for recognizing abnormal behaviors of personnel at petroleum stations based on GTB-ResNet

PurposeThe abnormal behaviors of staff at petroleum stations pose significant safety hazards. Addressing the challenges of high parameter counts, lengthy training periods and low recognition rates in existing 3D ResNet behavior recognition models, this paper proposes GTB-ResNet, a network designed to detect abnormal behaviors in petroleum station staff.Design/methodology/approachFirstly, to mitigate the issues of excessive parameters and computational complexity in 3D ResNet, a lightweight residual convolution module called the Ghost residual module (GhostNet) is introduced in the feature extraction network. Ghost convolution replaces standard convolution, reducing model parameters while preserving multi-scale feature extraction capabilities. Secondly, to enhance the model's focus on salient features amidst wide surveillance ranges and small target objects, the triplet attention mechanism module is integrated to facilitate spatial and channel information interaction. Lastly, to address the challenge of short time-series features leading to misjudgments in similar actions, a bidirectional gated recurrent network is added to the feature extraction backbone network. This ensures the extraction of key long time-series features, thereby improving feature extraction accuracy.FindingsThe experimental setup encompasses four behavior types: illegal phone answering, smoking, falling (abnormal) and touching the face (normal), comprising a total of 892 videos. Experimental results showcase GTB-ResNet achieving a recognition accuracy of 96.7% with a model parameter count of 4.46 M and a computational complexity of 3.898 G. This represents a 4.4% improvement over 3D ResNet, with reductions of 90.4% in parameters and 61.5% in computational complexity.Originality/valueSpecifically designed for edge devices in oil stations, the 3D ResNet network is tailored for real-time action prediction. To address the challenges posed by the large number of parameters in 3D ResNet networks and the difficulties in deployment on edge devices, a lightweight residual module based on ghost convolution is developed. Additionally, to tackle the issue of low detection accuracy of behaviors amidst the noisy environment of petroleum stations, a triple attention mechanism is introduced during feature extraction to enhance focus on salient features. Moreover, to overcome the potential for misjudgments arising from the similarity of actions, a Bi-GRU model is introduced to enhance the extraction of key long-term features.

A study of staff pre‐evacuation behaviors in a Malaysian hotel

AbstractSimulating fire and evacuation scenarios is crucial for engineers to assess building safety during fire incidents. Accurate simulations require data on occupants' behaviors, particularly during the pre‐evacuation phase as these decisions significantly impact evacuation duration. Gathering comprehensive data from diverse regions while considering cultural and regional variations is necessary to understand how occupants' behavior is influenced. Thus, this study focuses on examining the behavior of Malaysian hotel staff during unannounced fire drill to gain insights into factors affecting their behavior during pre‐evacuation stage, such as fire experience, fire alarm, drill participation, fire training, and awareness. The study categorizes the actions performed by the hotel staff into sequences and analyses them based on influencing factors. The findings indicate that instead of immediately evacuating in response to emergency notification, the hotel staff engage in various actions. Most staff members initially investigate or ignore the emergency, resulting in longer pre‐evacuation times. Moreover, the results suggest that previous drill participation and high awareness levels contribute to shorter pre‐evacuation times. Conversely, previous fire experience, fire training, and fire alarm familiarity have no effect on pre‐evacuation time.

The knowledge of medical staff on the impact of noise on neonatal intensive care units patients and its application in practice.

Noise is an undesirable environmental factor whose control and reduction should be standard in every Neonatal Intensive Care Unit. Its impact can have negative effects on both the mental and physical health of the body. Newborns, especially premature infants, are particularly sensitive to the negative effects of noise. the negative impact of noise can be reduced through appropriate behaviour of the medical staff. Aim. The aim of the study is to analyse the knowledge of medical staff on the impact of noise on newborns staying in Neonatal Intensive Care Units and to evaluate its use in practice. Methods. A total of 104 respondents working in neonatal wards participated in the study. The survey was conducted online using social media. The study employed the diagnostic survey method with a self-designed questionnaire. The first part of the ques- tionnaire concerned the aspects of knowledge on the impact of noise on hospitalised new- borns; the second part addressed the socio-demographic issues of the medical staff. Results. Training on noise exposure for newborns is not common in the workplace. There are no recommendations regulating noise standards and control equipment. The surveyed individuals do not have in-depth knowledge about acceptable noise levels in newborn rooms. Only one in three employees was able to provide the correct answers in this regard. Older employees with longer experience and residents of large cities scored higher in knowledge than younger individuals. Those with a higher level of knowledge and satisfaction with their work and earnings show the greatest care in reducing noise intensity in the ward. Conclusions. In neonatal pathology wards and (NICUs), noise standards and recom- mendations are more common than in physiology wards. Employees caring for new- borns need training on the sources and impact of noise on babies. it is necessary to limit the noise generated by the staff, such as loud conversations, slamming furniture, placing objects on incubators, or moving equipment.

Capitalizing on Dementia Care Mapping in an Evaluation of a Montessori-Based Intervention for Individuals Living with Dementia.

Montessori-based interventions (MBIs) promote quality of life among older adults living with dementia. We used Dementia Care Mapping (DCM) to evaluate the impact of a small-scale MBI. DCM is a systematic observation tool that records the behavior and mood/engagement of individuals living with dementia and can be used to improve quality of care and well-being. Pre- and post-intervention data from 15 care community residents compared: 1) residents' range and types of behaviors, 2) their mood/engagement and 3) staff behaviors that facilitated and impeded residents' personhood. In this mixed-methods study, deductive qualitative content analysis of DCM field notes further explored staff behaviors. Post-intervention, a significantly higher proportion of residents' behaviors had the potential to promote their well-being, although there was little change in mood/engagement while engaging in those behaviors. Post-intervention, there was also a significant increase in staff behaviors that facilitated, and a decrease in staff behaviors that impeded, residents' personhood. Further, post-intervention, staff interactions with residents were more open-ended and inclusive. Although some staff behaviors still excluded residents, the exclusion was more benign than pre-intervention. DCM documented incremental changes toward person-centered care, and DCM field notes provided insight into missed opportunities for effective staff interactions with residents. Taken together, findings provide additional support for the use of MBIs and highlights the usefulness of DCM, especially its associated field notes, to help researchers and practitioners create environments that promote the personhood that individuals living with dementia deserve.

Business continuity, bureaucratic resilience and the limitations of neoliberal survival logics in international organisations

Abstract This article contends that investigating relationalities between business continuity management (BCM), staff behaviours, and bureaucratic resilience advances understandings of the survival of international organisations (IOs). Drawing on in-depth interviews, a global staff survey, and a discourse analysis of United Nations (UN) reports and applying a post-colonial feminist theoretical approach foregrounding care ethics to the study of IOs, the article examines how the UN Secretary-General’s Alternative Working Arrangements directive to close physical offices and open ‘virtual offices’ was implemented in the first 18 months of the Covid-19 pandemic. It is contended that BCM is necessary for IO survival, since if the IO bureaucracy is unable to be productive and maintain its spheres of influence during a crisis, it risks losing power and authority. Between March 2020 and August 2021, staff facilitated IO survival organically, from the bottom up, in four ways: demonstrating good performance and productivity; being adaptable and resilient; maintaining personal spheres of influence; and building communities of care within the UN. However, the UN’s neoliberal, technocratic approach to business continuity and bureaucratic resilience-building neglected staff care needs. Consequently, IO survival is predicated on staff performing as exploited gendered and racialised ‘neoliberal subjects’, revealing a chronic structural crisis rooted in the UN bureaucracy’s hierarchical composition and unequal employment regime.

Dispensing antibiotics without a prescription in Various pharmacies

Background: An important factor that leads to improper antibiotic use and an increase in antibacterial resistance is the dispensing of medicines over-the-counter. Objective: The purpose of this study is to examine the beliefs and behaviors of medical staff regarding the non-prescription dispensing of antibiotics. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study that used a questionnaire survey with 107 medical staff members from various places in Iraq between November 11, 2020, and May 8, 2021. Results: A total of 107 participants filled out the form and took part in the study. The age of participants ranged from 68% (21–25 years old) to 20% (26–35 years old), 4% (18–20 years), 4% (36–45 years old), 3% (above 55 years old), and 1% (46–55). The most prevalent condition treated with antibiotics without a doctor's prescription is urinary tract infection (21.6%), which was followed by otitis media (17.3%), sore throat (14.8%), skin infection (12.7%), fever (12%), cough (11%), runny nose (4.9%), and other conditions (5.7%). Cold and flu are the most infections that did not respond to antibiotics (30.1%) followed by runny nose (23.9%), sore throat (15.4%), bronchitis (10.4%), cough (10%), and other (10%) while the most frequently dispensed antibiotics was amoxicillin followed by azithromycin, amoxicillin plus clavulanic acid, ciprofloxacin, cephalexin, clindamycin, and meropenem. About 56.6% of patients requested or received antibiotics for obvious infections. About 29.25% requested antibiotics for family members while 14.15% requested them for no reason. The most common age of patients who request an antibiotic was young people (46.3%), elderly (38.3%) and children (15.4%). Whether consulting a doctor before dispensing antibiotics, participants answered yes (56%) and no (44%). In conclusion, the incidence of using antibiotics without prescription was high for skin infections, otitis media, sore throats, and urinary tract infection.

Factors influencing Customers’ Decisions to Use Online Food Delivery Services in Muscat, Oman

Purpose: This study examines the factors that influence customers’ choice of online food delivery services and assesses customer experience with the quality of e-services, personal characteristics of delivery staff, and perceived food quality. Design/methodology/approach: This study employed a quantitative approach and adopted an explorative research design employing a snowball sampling technique and collected the data using a questionnaire. The sample size in this study was 163. The Gretel program was used to extract questionnaire data with greater accuracy and statistical analyses like percentage analysis, mean, standard deviation, ranking, and Correlation measures were used to analyze the data. Findings: Talabat was the most popular online food delivery service in Muscat. The results of the study revealed that the three primary factors that drive customers to place online food orders are affordability, variety, and excellent cuisine. Every respondent places at least one online food order every month, and the majority place three or more orders, primarily using a mobile device. Furthermore, the professional behaviour of the delivery staff, food quality, and website design affect consumer satisfaction. However, there is a weak positive correlation between timely delivery and customer satisfaction. Most of the respondents responded that they would order food again because of their pleasant experiences. Research limitations/implications: To attract more clients, food delivery services can boost social media presence and work with influencers. Most respondents utilize food delivery services between once and three times each month. Thus, firms should implement loyalty programs to retain clients. Improving mobile app functioning should be the primary goal, given that most customers prefer to order food using their phones. Businesses should evaluate food order accuracy and prioritize effective food delivery to clients. Despite the lack of a link between customer satisfaction and delivery timing, timely delivery is critical for customer satisfaction. Social Implications: Online food delivery services serve persons with hectic schedules and mobility challenges. Many individuals who own restaurants and small entrepreneurs working from home may now access a large consumer base and greater visibility can boost their sales. These enterprises allow individuals to try the cuisine of other nations, which was previously impossible, thus broadening the culinary experiences. Originality / Value: Online food delivery companies expanded rapidly during and after the pandemic in response to rising demand. While expanding in popularity, no study of online food delivery services has been conducted in Oman. Therefore, the results of this study will immensely benefit online food delivery companies, and the people engaged in this industry. Keywords: Online Food Services, Customer Experience, Customer Satisfaction, Food Delivery Factors, Delivery Staff, Food Delivery Applications.

Do all complain the same? Examining the role of luxury hotels reviewer attributes using text mining

Purpose Although extant studies found the determinants of customer complaints in luxury hotels, comparison of complaint severity using reviewer characteristics (nationality, reviewer type and expertise) is limited. This study aims to identify the variation in customers’ complaint attributes among different customer categories. Design/methodology/approach This study tried to address this gap by using structural topic modelling and text mining techniques to find the sentiment score, word count, complaints attributes and severity score. The research sample covers luxury hotels in India, and online review text and their associated data has been collected and analysed. Findings The authors found that leisure customers wrote lengthier reviews and complained about the facility-related aspects (valet parking, entertainment and amenities) and food-related aspects (food variety, service and menu) while the business customers’ complaint severity score is more on salient aspects (room size, bathroom and staff related services). The international customers wrote lengthier reviews and complained more about the facility-related aspects (amenities, pick-up and entertainment) and core service offerings (stay experience, bathroom, dirtiness and complaint resolution). Whereas domestic customers complained more about stay-related aspects (food variety, quality, services, staff behaviour and stay experience). Also, this study used correlation analysis to find the dependencies between topics and uncovered underlying patterns, trends and associations, aiding in a deeper understanding and interpretation of the complaints. This study can help service providers tailor their services based on customer attributes to ensure maximum customer satisfaction. Originality/value The findings of this study can enable hotel service providers to customise their services based on customer attributes to reduce dissatisfaction among customers and promote customer loyalty. The findings of this study can also be used to devise differential promotional strategies for different types of customers.

Procedural Justice in Practice: A Comprehensive Study of its During the Implementation of the Criminal and Civil Procedure in the Basic Court of Gjilan and its Branches

Propose: This study aims to analyze the implementation of the core principles of procedural justice Understanding, Neutrality, Respect, and Voice in the Basic Court of Gjilan and its branches. Method: The perceptions and experiences of individuals involved in judicial processes will be evaluated through statistical, qualitative and quantitative methods, structured questionnaires, interviews, direct observation of court sessions (including communication, physical and emotional behavior of judicial staff), and analysis of audio/video recordings and official documentation, such as court decisions and communications. Results: The study will assess the level of dignity and respect experienced by individuals, investigate opportunities to voice opinions and concerns, evaluate the perceived neutrality of decision-makers, and assess their trustworthiness.

Predecessors of Behavioural Initiatives by People With Profound Intellectual Disabilities During Their Interactions With Support Staff: An Exploratory Microanalytical Analysis

ABSTRACTBackgroundInitiating meaningful moments of interaction with people with profound intellectual disabilities can prove to be difficult for support staff. Exploring the behaviour of support staff that precedes the initiations of behaviour by people with profound intellectual disabilities helps to shed light upon the potential facilitating effects of staff behaviour.MethodsThree meaningful moments of interaction between support staff and people with profound intellectual disabilities that were recorded were then microanalytically coded, along with the initial onset of these moments. Each behaviour initiated by people with profound intellectual disabilities was examined to see what specific behaviour by the support staff began precedingly.FindingsThe most frequently displayed ‘staff–client’ behavioural sequences were ‘looking’, ‘moving with head’, ‘moving with arms’ or ‘vocalisation’ of support staff followed by the person with profound intellectual disabilities ‘moving with head’, the staff member ‘moving with arms’ followed by the person with profound intellectual disabilities ‘moving with arms’ and the staff member ‘touching’ followed by the person with profound intellectual disabilities ‘vocalising’. These behavioural sequences occurred less frequently during meaningful moments of interaction in comparison to their onset.ConclusionsIt is important that support staff are cognisant of all the (subtle) behavioural changes in people with profound intellectual disabilities (especially movements with their head) to discern potential behavioural responses. Moreover, they should be cognisant of their own behaviour, insofar as the conscious use of behaviour may facilitate the development of meaningful interactions.

Addressing disruptive medical staff behavior: a 3-year experience.

Menezes et al. describe their experience with the diagnosis and management of disruptive medical staff behavior in a private hospital between 2020 and 2022. Surgical medical specialties were found to demonstrate the highest prevalence of such behavior, and continual education of physicians regarding appropriate workplace behavior was found to be the most important management strategy to prevent unsafe work environments and strengthen an appropriate culture of safety. ■ Disruptive medical staff behavior potentially affects patient care. ■ Surgical specialties have the highest incidence of disruptive medical staff behavior. ■ Proper diagnosis and management is key to the mitigating disruptive medical staff behavior. To describe the 3-year long experience of addressing disruptive events by medical staff in a private hospital. The cross-sectional study that was conducted between 2020 and 2022, involved collection, analysis, and management of suspected cases of disruptive behavior by medical staff. Relevant information was collected from reports issued by health care leaders (69%), anonymous reports accessed from the health institution's intranet tool "SINAPSE" (19%), the compliance center (5%), customer attendance service (3.7%), the hospital board (2.3%), and the medical practice department (1%). Surgical specialties were responsible for 70.3% of the disruptive incidents, and the average time to outcome was 24.5 days, with most solutions involving guided education of physicians (92.7%). Management of disruptive behavior by medical staff is essential for the prevention of unsafe work environments and strengthening a culture of safety.

Patient’s Satisfaction towards the Behavior of the Hospital Staffs

The study investigates the punctuality and behavior of hospital staff and examines the relationship between socio-demographic characteristics and these factors among patients in Kathmandu hospitals. Data was collected from 128 participants through structured questionnaires and their aged were above 20 years of age. Descriptive analysis shows that a majority are female, unmarried, and with a high school education. The findings indicated that most patients perceived the hospital staff, including registration, lab, blood bank, and nursing staff, as punctual and polite. Majority respondents realized improvements in their health compared to post-visit. Correlation analysis showed no significant relationships between gender and satisfaction, or between the number of hospital visits and satisfaction levels. These results highlight the generally positive perceptions of hospital services.

Re‐Centering Academics' Needs in Societal Impact Work: Exploring the Influence of Professional Staff Information Behaviors on University Practices

ABSTRACTUniversities now focus on the societal impact of research, yet there is a disconnect between the information environment and the needs of academics undertaking impact‐related work. While universities acknowledge that undertaking research designed for societal impact requires changes to research culture and practices, the information and support provided do not reflect the complexity of that work. Professional staff mediate information from various sources, such as government policies, university strategies, funders' requirements, and academics' needs; however, the effectiveness and appropriateness of support provided is understudied. This qualitative study explores the information behaviors of professional staff developing and facilitating academics' engagement in impact work. It finds that while professional staff undertook iterative processes of self‐informing, mediation, and information use to support impact work, their privileging of institutional and external influences, ahead of academics' needs, creates a disconnect between services provided and what academics need. This study increases awareness of the influence of professional staff's information behaviors on impact supports, which can inform academic‐centered, responsive approaches to support contextualized, personalized and responsive information services in universities.

Enabling Societal Impact of Research: Exploring Information Behaviors of Academics and Professional Staff

ABSTRACTThere are increasing expectations, globally, that academic research provides tangible and demonstrable benefits to society. Embedding societal impact as part of research culture and practice represents a shift in how universities function; however, limited research has been conducted on the role of universities in supporting and enabling work involved in enabling societal impact of research (or impact work). This study uses a holistic, exploratory study design, with Constructivist Grounded Theory as the overarching framework, to explore the experiences, information behaviors and information environments of academic and professional staff undertaking impact work. Preliminary results indicate that academics' information behaviors relating to impact work are enacted within relationships with industry, community, and government partners, which are characterized by curiosity, reciprocity, trust, and engagement. Findings from this research will contribute new perspectives on academic information behavior and inform how universities provide support through professional services, training, and information resources.

Linking HEXACO Personality Traits to Affective Commitment and Knowledge Sharing Behaviour in Higher Education Institutions

This study aimed to assess the connection between HEXACO personality traits (i.e. honesty–humility, emotionality, extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, and openness to experience) and knowledge sharing behaviour (KSB) of university academic staff. Moreover, based on the theory of planned behaviour (TPB), this study aimed to examine the underlying process through which HEXACO personality traits contribute to academics’ KSB by examining mediating role of affective commitment. With a structured questionnaire survey, the data was conveniently collected from 234 full-time university faculty members employed in 20 private universities located in Bangladesh. Structural equation modelling partial least square (SEM-PLS) was utilised to analyse the research model. The results revealed that, with the exception of emotionality, all HEXACO personality traits (i.e. honesty–humility, extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, and openness to experience) have positive direct effects on academics’ KSB. The study further showed that the effects of honesty–humility, extraversion, agreeableness and conscientiousness on KSB were significantly mediated by affective commitment. Thus, universities should focus on academics’ personality profiles to improve knowledge sharing practices within the institutions. In particular, personality test should be introduced in the selection process of university teachers to identify the candidates with desirable personality traits. The findings offer a new understanding of how HEXACO personality traits result in academics’ KSB directly as well as via affective commitment.

"If They Help Us, We Can Help Them": First Nations Peoples Identify Intercultural Health Communication Problems and Solutions in Hospital in Northern Australia.

Effective intercultural communication between First Nations peoples and healthcare providers in colonised countries is required to deliver equitable healthcare and improve patient experiences and health outcomes. This paper presents First Nations peoples' perspectives and proposed solutions to problematic communication experiences at Royal Darwin Hospital in northern Australia. The study's methodological foundations comprise decolonising principles rooted in Critical Race Theory, Freirean pedagogy, and cultural safety. Eleven individuals from diverse First Nations backgrounds receiving treatment at the largest hospital in the Northern Territory, participated in in-depth interviews conducted in their preferred languages. Data were inductively analysed, adapted from a constructivist grounded theory approach and guided by First Nations knowledges. First Nations patients at Royal Darwin Hospital described a culturally unsafe hospital due to ineffective intercultural communication. Patient "counterstories" recounted instances of confusion, aggression, healthcare provider resistance to shared decision-making opportunities, pressure to abandon cultural protocols, and institutional neglect. Poor communication incited anger among staff and patients, and contributed to experiences of racism, missed appointments, clinical mistakes, patients prematurely discharging before completing treatment, and patients experiencing financial troubles and homelessness. In a spirit of generosity, patients proposed solutions focused on relationship building and mutual understanding so that new decolonised systems, which draw on First Nations and Western knowledges, can be codesigned. This study serves as a call to action for policymakers, administrators, and healthcare providers to prioritise improving intercultural communication by addressing the behaviour of staff and changing systemically racist policies in the pursuit of health equity and cultural safety for First Nations peoples.

Zooming in small family wineries: exploring service quality, loyalty and the moderating role of wine involvement

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to examine the role of wine involvement in moderating the effect of winery service quality on loyalty toward small family wineries.Design/methodology/approachThis study used a structured questionnaire. The survey was distributed to wine tourists who visited small family wineries located in Crete, Greece and a total of 216 usable questionnaires were collected for the study. To analyze the data, the study used partial least squares structural equation modeling.FindingsThe results reveal that wine involvement moderates the effects of winery service quality on wine tourists’ loyalty. Specifically, staff behavior affects the loyalty toward wine tourists with low involvement more significantly compared to the wine tourists with high wine involvement. On the other hand, the quality of wine tastings affects the loyalty of wine tourists with high wine involvement more significantly in contrast with the wine tourists with low wine involvement.Practical implicationsFindings suggest that winery operators need to take into consideration wine involvement among wine tourists when they develop a winery service strategy. Operators of small family wineries can provide more customized, diverse and quality wine tastings to wine tourists with high wine involvement while prioritizing winery staff’s behavior and hospitality to those wine tourists with low wine involvement.Originality/valueThis study contributes to extant wine tourism literature by adding the effects of wine involvement on wine tourists’ loyalty toward the winery, and particularly focusing on small, family wineries.

Effectiveness of Interventions on Habits Among University Staff in Southeastern Iran

Background: Health-promoting environments are a key focus of the Ottawa Strategic Charter, which aims to enhance health in the workplace and reduce unhealthy behaviors among employees. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of health-promoting interventions on the habits of university staff in Southeastern Iran. Methods: This semi-experimental study was conducted from 2020 to 2021 in Zahedan, Southeastern Iran. A total of 254 administrative staff from the University of Medical Sciences and Sistan & Balochistan University were selected using available randomized methods and divided into control and intervention groups. The study instrument was a researcher-designed questionnaire, which demonstrated a content validity ratio (CVR) of 0.8, a Content Validity Index (CVI) ranging from 0.83 to 0.97, and an internal consistency with a Cronbach's alpha of 0.85. The questionnaire was distributed online via the Porsline platform. For the intervention, training sessions were conducted online, and the session files and training booklet were made available to intervention group staff through the university's education system. A post-test was administered one month after the pretest. Data were analyzed using SPSS 21 software, with pretest results adjusted using chi-square and ANCOVA statistical tests. Results: The study found that the mean age of participants was 40.5 ± 7.4 years. Scores for employee knowledge, attitude, and behavior were 80.0 ± 16.4, 86.6 ± 22.8, and 80.8 ± 17.6, respectively. The most significant factors influencing attitudes were education (P < 0.001) and health status (P = 0.001). Type of employment (P = 0.025), work experience (P = 0.017), and health status (P = 0.037) were also significantly associated with behavior. After adjusting for pretest results, there were significant differences between the intervention and control groups in terms of scores for knowledge, attitude, and behavior (P < 0.001). Conclusions: The study concluded that employees with correct attitudes and healthy behaviors reported better health outcomes. Additionally, educational interventions effectively improved staff knowledge, attitudes, and behavior. To enhance health status, reduce employee disability, decrease absenteeism, and increase organizational productivity, it is recommended to plan and implement workplace health promotion programs focused on employees.

Pastoral control in remote work

Remote work presents managers with new and significant challenges. Work that occurs at distance limits managers’ abilities to observe staff behavior, raising concerns that managers may miss unspoken cues that indicate potential problems. Furthermore, in remote work contexts where observable behaviors and defined outcomes are elusive, and discretionary effort is essential, traditional behavior- and output-based controls may be insufficient. Drawing on Ouchi’s (1980) theorizing of social control mechanisms and Foucault’s (1982) notion of pastoral power, this research finds that when faced with limited observation, managers of remote teams engage pastoral control mechanisms to compensate for the lack of employee behavior oversight and to mitigate the risk of missing important cues. Practical, theoretical and ethical implications are discussed.