Stadium Seating Research Articles

Optimization of Seating Arrangement in Sports Competition Venues Based on Recurrent Graph Neural Network

Seating in sports venues is a type of seating where rows are much more frequent than in other types of auditorium seating. Traditional seating looks to maximize capacity over fan experience. The stadium experience can be enhanced by recommending appropriate seating by viewer’s preferences and past behavior. Group customers would want to sit together when they go to a sports arena, but sometimes there are not enough seats available together. This study's methodology for improving viewing experience by optimizing seating arrangement using game type, historical ticket sales and opponent team is offered in this study as a way to get around this drawback. The data are collected from Los Angeles Memorial Sports Arena seating dataset. Afterward, the data are fed to pre-processing. In pre-processing segment, the noise is removed and data is enhanced using Adaptive Robust Cubature Kalman Filter (ARCKF). The outcome from the pre-processing data is transferred to the Recurrent Graph Neural Network (RecGNN).The reserved seating, bowl seating and stadium seating are successfully classified by using RecGNN. RecGNN's weight parameter is optimized by the Lotus Effect Optimization Algorithm (LEA). On the Python working platform, the proposed RecGNN-LEA is implemented. The proposed strategy is analyzed using performance measures including recall, f1-score, accuracy, precision, and computation time. RecGNN's weight parameter is optimized by the Lotus Effect Optimization Algorithm (LEA). On the Python working platform, the proposed RecGNN-LEA is implemented. The proposed method is analyzed using performance measures including recall, f1-score, accuracy, precision, and computation time. The gained results of the proposed RecGNN-LEA method attains higher accuracy of 16.61%, 18.89%, and 17.92%, higher sensitivity of 16.37%, 12.23%, and 18.56% and higher precision of 14.81%, 16.79%, and 18.23%. The proposed SASCV-RecGNN-LEA method is compared with the existing methods such as SASCV-CNN, SASCV-LaRSA, and SASCV-TDNN models respectively.

Active Shooter Preparedness: Perceptions of NCAA Division I Athletic Directors and Campus Police Chiefs

Thousands of fans descend onto college campuses every Saturday during the fall to watch National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I Power 5 and Group of 5 college football games. Power 5 is used to describe five of ten athletic conferences (ACC, Big Ten, Big 12, Pac-12, and the SEC) which are considered the most prominent and highest earning athletic conferences in college football whose teams compete in the NCAA Division 1 Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS). Group of 5 is an assembly of five conferences that also compete in NCAA Division I FBS. Group of 5 college football teams often compete against Power 5 and Independent teams during the regular season and bowl games (Vannini, 2022). The largest stadium seating capacity Group of 5 schools is around 40,000 people compared to the Power 5 stadiums, 10 of which seat at least 90,000 people (Chiusano, 2022). While the seating capacity at Group of 5 schools is not as great as Power 5 institutions it still represents a significant population (Vannini, 2022).

The SoFi Stadium Perimeter Wall

SoFi Stadium, one of the two newest venues in the National Football League, opened in September 2020 after breaking ground in November 2016. The stadium hosts NFL games for the Rams and Chargers, and will be the venue for a variety of other events, such as concerts, Super Bowl LVI in 2022, potentially the 2026 World Cup, and the 2028 Summer Olympics. The state-of-the-art stadium seats between 70,000 and 100,000 people and boasts what may be the largest video scoreboard in pro sports. At a cost of over $5 billion, it's located in Inglewood, Calif., at the site of the former Hollywood Park Racetrack, near Los Angeles International Airport. The project owner, Kroenke Sports & Entertainment, contracted with the Joint Venture of Turner-AECOM Hunt to design and build the stadium.

Solvay & Tosaf collaborate to mitigate stadium seat colours fading

Solvay & Tosaf collaborate to mitigate stadium seat colours fading

The Influence of Price, Game Attractiveness, and Audience Preference on the Decision of Purchase Home Match Tickets Persib Bandung in Liga 1 Year 2019

Football club in Indonesia income sources consist of four sectors, ranging from sponsorships, television broadcasting rights, sales of official club merchandise, and sales of match tickets. Match tickets are one source of income for a professional sports team. This study aims to determine the effect of price, game attractiveness, and audience preference on the decision to buy tickets for Persib Bandung home match in Liga 1Year 2019. The data used in this study are primary data by distributing questionnaires to 400 peoples. The sample selection used in this study is a probability sampling method, with the Proposional Stratified Sampling technique. The sample will be divided into several categories based on the position of the stadium seating stands chosen by the respondents. The criteria for respondents determined by the researcher were ticket buyers for Persib Bandung home matches in Liga 1 Year 2019. The analysis technique used is multiple linear regression analysis. The results obtained from multiple linear regression analysis are price, game attractiveness, and audience preference simultaneously affect the decision to buy tickets for Persib Bandung home match in Liga 1 Year 2019. Price and audience preference variables partially influence the purchasing decision for Persib Bandung home match tickets in Liga 1 Year 2019. However, game attractiveness partially has no effect on the decision to purchase for Persib Bandung home match in Liga 1 Year 2019. This research is expected to be reference to choose which variable is better used in future studies. For organizing committee, this research can be a reference to increase sales of Persib match ticket sales in the following year's competition.

340 Telesurgery: A Modern Take on Historical Surgical Education

Surgical education takes multiple forms. In the past, amphitheaters with seating for multiple observers, all watching a master surgeon at work, was common. While these stadium seating type operating rooms are no longer used for educating surgeons, direct observation remains an important educational tool. The advent of widespread access to the internet has once again enabled large numbers to observe surgeons as they conduct procedures, both complex and simple. Now, however, observers need not be physically present to watch, learn and question the operating physician. Telesurgery as an educational tool is a reality. We describe two telesurgery educational events that were conducted in 2019 and discuss the impact of telesurgery on surgical education. In April 2019, the implantation of an artificial urinary sphincter for the treatment of post-prostatectomy stress urinary incontinence was conducted as a telesurgery teaching event. This procedure was aired over the internet and observing physicians provided commentary and submitted questions via a live on-line chat room. In June 2019, two separate surgeries demonstrating the implantation of an inflatable penile prosthesis were aired back-to-back via internet live stream; again, questions and comments from observers were submitted via a chat room. In the case of the artificial urinary sphincter procedure, the operating surgeon responded to questions via the chat room (through an un-scrubbed assistant). In the case of the two penile implants, the surgeon responded directly to queries by voice. All three patients signed consents for recoding and streaming of their procedures.

Designing and Evaluating Dynamic Pricing Policies for Major League Baseball Tickets

Problem definition: We develop and estimate a demand model that can be used to evaluate and design dynamic pricing policies for single-game tickets by a sports team. Academic/practical relevance: Many firms have difficulty evaluating the impact of their pricing policy, which further inhibits their ability to design and implement dynamic pricing. We address this issue in the context of single-game ticket pricing for a Major League Baseball franchise. Methodology: We develop and estimate a comprehensive regression-based forecasting model that captures relevant aspects of the demand generation process such as ticket quantity and stadium seat section choice. The model is then used to evaluate the revenue associated with a specific pricing policy. Results: The demand model reveals factors that drive sports ticket revenue, such as the effect of home-team performance on overall price sensitivity and the relationship between customers’ arrival timing and product choice. These insights are incorporated into the optimization to improve the dynamic pricing policies. Managerial implications: We show that by leveraging the model insights and allowing sufficient pricing flexibility, the franchise can achieve a potential revenue improvement of 17.2% through daily price reoptimization. This improvement is comparable to the outcome of a clairvoyant policy in which the future evolution of demand is assumed to be known. The online supplement is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/msom.2018.0760 .

The Revenue Impact of Dynamic Pricing Policies in Major League Baseball Ticket Sales

We study the operational implementation of multiproduct dynamic pricing by a Major League Baseball franchise for single game tickets. We develop and apply a comprehensive customer choice model to help design dynamic pricing policies for the franchise. Our model encompasses all relevant aspects of customer demand generation process, including ticket quantity and stadium seat section choice. Furthermore, our demand model incorporates external factors that drive customer valuation of sports tickets such as the home team's on-field performance and observed overall attendance level at the time of purchase. Our counterfactual results show potential revenue improvement of up to 15% through the effective use of dynamic pricing. We also find that a properly calibrated fixed pricing policy based on a detailed customer demand model can achieve similar levels of revenue improvement as the optimal dynamic pricing policy.

Porphyrobacter mercurialis sp. nov., isolated from a stadium seat and emended description of the genus Porphyrobacter.

A novel, Gram-negative, non-spore-forming, pleomorphic yellow-orange bacterial strain was isolated from a stadium seat. Strain CoronadoT falls within the Erythrobacteraceae family and the genus Porphyrobacter based on 16S rRNA phylogenetic analysis. This strain has Q-10 as the predominant respiratory lipoquinone, as do other members of the family. The fatty acid profile of this strain is similar to other Porphyrobacter, however CoronadoT contains predominately C18:1ω7cis and C16:0, a high percentage of the latter not being observed in any other Erythrobacteraceae. This strain is catalase-positive and oxidase-negative, can grow from 4 to 28 °C, at NaCl concentrations 0.1–1.5%, and at pH 6.0–8.0. On the basis of phenotypic and phylogenetic data presented in this study, strain CoronadoT represents a novel species in the Porphyrobacter genus for which the name Porphyrobacter mercurialis sp. nov. is proposed; the type strain is CoronadoT (=DSMZ 29971, =LMG 28700).

스타디움 관람자의 관람특성을 반영한 가시성 분석기법에 관한 연구

The purpose of this study was to suggest an analysis method clarifying viewing characteristics with quantitative consideration of users' visual perception measured on stadium spectators' seats and its applicability to physical facility conditions. Sightline analysis method precedently used for the design of stadium seating tiers has not provided methodological capabilities feasible to consider spectator's visual perception and evaluate the difference of viewing characteristics at each viewing location. It has simply allowed local sightline studies focused on specific building sections. The analysis method suggested in this study to improve the limitations presents the following: First, the new analysis method can quantitatively distinguish the difference of viewing characteristics at each testing node. Second, it extends the analysis capability three-dimensionally, and considers locations of spectators and forms of facility components as analysis conditions. Third, the new method considers spectator's visual cognitive features as quantitative variables including visual distance, visual angle and minimum visible height. Forth, the analysis result can be provided as a format of contour map presenting overall visibility examined on whole stadium seating tiers. Finally, the suggested method has shown the applicability to the analysis on stadium spectator's viewing characteristics with performing a model analysis on a stadium facility.

Film Industry Channel Innovations Or With Digital Movie Transmission: Will Popcorn Prices Drop At Movie Theaters?

Changes in the film industry are occurring and are expected to continue to change due to the internet and other new technology. This manuscript investigates the distribution system of the film industry and how it is being impacted by these changes. Will the stadium seating movie theater go by the wayside as the old drive-in theaters? Will distribution of movies be downloaded as common as music is now? These and more questions are addressed in this research effort.

Table of Contents

Abstract Cover Story Educate faculty to understand athletics to ensure success for student‐athletes Get faculty involved to help your student‐athletes succeed The Two‐Minute Drill Volleyball players sue Quinnipiac claiming college violated Title IX Division I adds sand volleyball as emerging sport starting in 2010 Panel approves several changes to football and volleyball rules MIT plans to cut 8 varsity sports as part of plan to save millions Leaders & Innovators CHARLIE COBB, ATHLETICS DIRECTOR, APPALACHIAN STATE UNIVERSITY Focus on personnel, marketing to improve athletics department Follow these methods to ease the process of firing employees Compliance Don't react too quickly to use of attorneys for negotiations Managing Your Office Provide staff members with advice on how to keep e‐mails professional NCAA Update NCAA seeks to simplify management of assistants You Make The Call Did coach's interracial marriage cost him his job? Lawsuits & Rulings TITLE IX Athlete who charged rape will get her day in court DISCRIMINATION Coach with cancer who lost job will get to carry complaints forward ATHLETIC FACILITIES Arkansas school district agrees to fix stadium seating, parking A Conversation With … HERB APPENZELLER, PRESIDENT, APPENZELLER AND ASSOCIATES Train coaches in advanced first aid to save lives and avoid litigation Resources/Ideas Check quick‐reference recruiting guidance Review model program to cut insurance costs Names in the News

Brand NFL: Making and Selling America's Favorite Sport by Michael Oriard

Brand NFL: Making and Selling America's Favorite Sport Michael Oriard. Chapel Hill, NC: The University of North Carolina Press, 2007. Although there have been many books written about National Football League, this study is unique in that author not only played for Kansas City Chiefs from 1970 through 1973 but currently is Distinguished Professor of American Literature and Culture at Oregon State University. Thus, he can view professional football as an insider and student of American culture. The study is composed of six chapters, an introduction, and conclusion. In chapter one Oriard devotes most of chapter to 1960s NFL Commissioner Alvin Pete Rozelle and his successful efforts to popularize game and expand its audience. Under Rozelle's leadership first national television contract was signed, NFL Properties were acquired, and a merger agreement with rival American Football League was negotiated. Two leagues were created, American and National Leagues, and championship game between two leagues evolved into a national cultural phenomenon, the Super Bowl. Rozelle, as a former director of public relations and then general manager for Los Angeles Rams, saw professional football as entertainment. Players and coaches became media stars, particularly icons such as old-school, successful coach Vince Lombardi of Green Bay Packers and 1960s' free spirit Joe Namath, successful quarterback of New York Jets. Oriard also details Rozelle's great public relations coup to team up with Roone Arledge of ABC to create popular television show for over a decade, Monday Night Football. Oriard's personal insights really are helpful in chapters two and three where he provides a balanced account of strife between NFL Players Association and management including strikes or work stoppages in 1974,1982, and 1987. Although strikes were unsuccessful, and alienated most of media and public, they started process of contract negotiations which led to a series of union and player victories against League in courts. Labor strife was Rozelle's weakness Oriard maintains and led to his resignation in 1989. His replacement, Paul Tagliabue benefited from labor conflicts, as he had been NFL's chief outside attorney. In Chapter Four author details 1993 labor contract modeled on player-management NBA contract which provided players with possibility of free agency after three or four years among a number of benefits. In same chapter he discusses Dallas Cowboys owner Jerry Jones' successful efforts to obtain more revenues for his club by selling stadium seat licenses and luxury boxes, by expanding stadium and by signing separate licensing agreements with such corporations as Pepsi, Nike and American Express. The NFL sued Cowboys charging breach of contract with NFL Properties, but they soon realized they could not win in court and dropped suit after Cowboys countersued. …

Cinema Electro-Acoustic Quality Redux

Multiple, closely similar, stadium-seating cinemas equipped with a variety of state-of-the-art sound systems from various manufacturers were thoroughly characterized for sound quality. All the auditoriums were acoustically similar and met all contemporary standards. Findings including acoustical issues remaining after the standard reverberation time, background noise level, and isolation, have been addressed. New or extended findings were made, particularly related to the effects of auditorium features such as stadium seating, regularly spaced rows of seats, the low wall(s) that separate the lead-in ramp area from the stairs up to seating, and backwall absorption. Traditional problems such as screen loss and reflections between the screen and horns were investigated, as well as sound system design elements. The principal findings involve a new method of mapping the coverage of the sound system, with individual response curves for both the long-term steady-state and the first arrival sound, mapped on a grid of typically ten points in the auditorium. Thus problems arising from directional effects in the loudspeaker output or screen modification of the output in coverage, and room acoustics, are well documented. Also included are subwoofer placement effects, the differences between compression drivers equipped with titanium and those with beryllium diaphragms, and others.

Jesse Owens: An American Life (review)

J A N U A R Y 2 0 0 7 55 and texts of newspaper articles in which Wooster spoke of her relationship with John Wilkes Booth. Louise Wooster remains an enduring source of fascination for those interested in the history of Birmingham. With the addition of Baggett’s notes, a new generation may now embark on the delightful scavenger hunt of finding the true Lou Wooster. Although much of her story reads as a cautionary tale, it gives hope to the downtrodden and also illuminates a compelling chapter in the life and growth of the city of Birmingham. STACI S. SIMON GLOVER University of Alabama at Birmingham Jesse Owens: An American Life. By William J. Baker. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 2006. xii, 289 pp. $24.95. ISBN 0-252-07369-X. William Baker’s Jesse Owens: An American Life has been the standard biography of Jesse Owens since its publication in 1986. This republication of the original will make it accessible to a new generation of readers. The general contours of his life are well known. His winning of four gold medals at the 1936 Olympics in Nazi Germany is one of the most remembered and politically charged athletic accomplishments of the twentieth century. The unprecedented athletic feat serves as a demarcation point in his life story. Owens devoted his pre-Olympic years to developing his athletic talents and his post-Olympic years attempting to capitalize on his renown after the games. James Cleveland “Jesse” Owens, the youngest of ten children, was born into a poor Alabama sharecropping family in 1913. Like many other African Americans, the Owens family migrated north, to Cleveland, Ohio, when Owens was ten years old. He developed his athletic prowess after being spotted by a white track coach in eighth grade. Owens outshone his fellow high school athletes and ascended to national fame at Ohio State University. His Olympic success made him perhaps the best-known athlete of his generation. Baker celebrates Owens’s athletic career as a man overcoming the challenge of poverty to accomplish great success. Owens’s post-Olympic life is a rather different story. Within weeks of the 1936 Olympics, the Amateur Athletic Union stripped Owens of his amateur status in a disagreement concerning a post-Olympic tour. This ended the young star’s athletic career. He spent the next forty-five years T H E A L A B A M A R E V I E W 56 fashioning a livelihood based on his Olympic fame. For the first fifteen years after the Olympics, Owens scrambled from short-lived employment to ill-advised commercial ventures to questionable publicity stunts, such as racing horses in exhibitions. These money-making schemes were restricted to the African American community. During the Cold War environment of the 1950s, however, Owens became useful to white America as a symbol of a successful African American who represented American opportunity. His patriotism, faith in capitalism , racially non-confrontational manner, and rags-to-riches story made him an ideal spokesman for the American Dream. Owens parlayed these traits into a healthy and steady income. He became a polished speaker who unflinchingly stressed his conservative ideology while representing the American government and business. In the late 1960s, however, his political and social perspective clashed with young African American radicals, such as Harry Edwards, organizer of the Olympic Project for Human Rights. Owens, who died in 1980, struggled during his last decade with these hostile criticisms and his estrangement from younger African American athletes. The chronologically organized book is well researched and well written . It is accessible to a popular audience, but also useful to historians. Baker used archival sources, interviews, newspapers, and Owens’s FBI file to create an impressive biographical portrait placed in a broader historical context. Baker’s thorough research allowed him to dispel a surprisingly large number of myths about Owens. For example, the often retold story of Hitler’s snubbing of Owens by refusing to shake his hand after his first Olympic victory is incorrect. During the first days of the games, Hitler invited select winners to his stadium seat. The International Olympic Committee (IOC) insisted that he greet either...

How Far Up Am I? The Mathematics of Stadium Seating

A lesson in which students develop understanding of linear functions investigating the height of the football stadium bleachers in relation to the given row. Students collect data related to their stadium seats and use this data to create tables, draw graphs, and derive equations. Whole class discussion concludes this activity.

More stadium seating coating success

More stadium seating coating success

Mercury plastics masterbatch for stadium seating

Oxidation of Met affects the stability of proteins, and was identified as a step in the beta amyloid-dependent pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. One-electron oxidation of Met is facilitated through stabilization of sulfide radical cations with electron-rich heteroatoms. The formation of such 2-center-3-electron bonds, formed between sulfide radical cations and amides, leads to pronounced product selectivity during biologically relevant oxidation conditions. Conformationally constrained methionine analogs embedded within a norbornane framework, i.e., 2,6-endo, endo- and 2,6-exo, endo-pyrrolidine amide thiomethyl bicyclo[2.2.1]heptanes were synthesized. Oxidation of both methionine analogs in the Fenton oxidation yielded some sulfoxide. In addition, the oxidation of the endo, endo-derivative generated a vinyl sulfide while the exo, endo-derivative was converted into a ketone, indicating a selective influence of a sulfur-oxygen 2-center-3-electron bond on product formation. Mechanistic details of product formation were investigated through the incorporation of stable isotopes.

Jefferson urethane chemicals selected for cushioning in Houston Domed Stadium seats

RETURN TO ISSUEPREVAdvertisementNEXTJefferson urethane chemicals selected for cushioning in Houston Domed Stadium seatsCite this: Chem. Eng. News 1965, 43, 5, 62Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1965Publication History Published online6 November 2010Published inissue 1 February 1965https://doi.org/10.1021/cen-v043n005.p062Copyright © 1965 AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETYArticle Views61Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (1 MB) Get e-Alerts