Stacked Microstrip Patch Antenna Research Articles

A wideband stacked microstrip patch antenna design with augmented gain-bandwidth product for 5G wireless applications

A wideband stacked microstrip patch antenna design with augmented gain-bandwidth product for 5G wireless applications

A Flat-Panel 8 × 8 Wideband K-/Ka-Band Dual Circularly Polarized Phased Array Antenna for CubeSat Communications

A novel flat-panel 8×8 wideband dual circularly polarized electronically-scanned phased array antenna is proposed, which covers the satellite communications bands of 22.55–23.55 GHz and 25.5–27.5 GHz. A circularly polarized stacked microstrip patch antenna is used as the element radiator with a structural modification on the parasitic patch to minimize gain variation. Since the axial ratio (AR) bandwidth of the element radiator is inherently narrow, sequential rotation is employed to yield a wide AR bandwidth while forming the 2×2 subarray, which is then used as a building block to construct the larger 8×8 phased array. The phased array has a simulated scan range of ±51°, ±46° and ±36° at 23 GHz, 24 GHz and 26.5 GHz, respectively, assuming ≤3-dB scan loss and AR. A beamforming network (BFN) is integrated within the stackup of the phased array that comprises a commercially available silicon beamforming chip. This facilitates beam steering through the independent control of the input amplitudes and phases of the individual element radiators. The practical effects of the BFN on the scanning performance of the 8×8 phased array is studied, which is found to slightly degrade the scan ranges. Finally, experiments were performed on the fabricated prototype, and the measured scan data showed good correspondence with their simulated counterparts with >41° and 35° scan ranges (in +θ direction) at 24 GHz and 26.5 GHz, respectively. The corresponding EIRp and G/T of the 8×8 phased array are also estimated through measurements.

DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF METAMATERIAL LOADED STACKED MICROSTRIP PATCH ANTENNA FOR WIMAX APPLICATIONS

The design and analysis of a microstrip patch antenna for WiMAX applications is carried out with the help of metamaterial and a stacked antenna fed with proximity coupling. A square split ring resonator metamaterial is used at the feed location to improve the performance of the conventional radiating patch. The μ-negative metamaterial antenna is designed at 3.82 GHz. The proposed metamaterial antenna provides a -56 dB return loss and 5.06 dbi improved gain, and the VSWR is very much nearer to 1. CSTMW 2018 was used to model the simulation outcomes, such as radiation, voltage standing wave ratio, gain, and return loss, and also to observe the simulation characteristics of the metamaterial. After that, the stacking method is proposed for bandwidth enhancement. The bandwidth is enhanced from 3.7 to 3.9 GHz.The gain improved from 5.06 to 7.09 dB. The proposed antenna's results were found to be well suited for WiMAX applications.

A Method of Introducing Coupling Null by Shorting Pins for Stacked Microstrip Patch Antenna Array

In this communication, a method is proposed to generate coupling null by introducing shorting pins into a stacked microstrip patch antenna (S-MPA) array, named shorted S-MPA (SS-MPA). The currents on different regions of the driven patch, with approximately equal amplitude but out of phase, are formed, due to the shorting pins, which makes the electric field component <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$E_{x}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> canceled, introducing a new dip near the lower resonant frequency. The new dip works with the inherent dip produced by the radiation cancellation between two patches near the higher resonant frequency. High isolation is achieved over the wide impedance bandwidth of the SS-MPA array. Expected results are obtained from the fabricated two-element SS-MPA array. Moreover, the proposed scheme is employed to a three-element array successfully.

Design of Broadband Aperture-Coupled Stacked Microstrip Antennas Using Second-Order Filter Theory

In this article, the authors propose a lumped circuit methodology for the design of broadband stacked microstrip patch antennas fed through an aperture. First, an equivalent circuit (EC) is introduced for the antenna. The EC consists of an <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$LC$ </tex-math></inline-formula> series resonator modeling the feed plus two capacitively coupled <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$LC$ </tex-math></inline-formula> parallel resonators accounting for the radiating patches. Then, a deembedding procedure based on total least squares method is introduced to determine all the parameters of the antenna EC. Second, the circuit stage modeling the patches is designed as a second-order Chebyshev filter based on coupled resonators. Since the standard Chebyshev approach leads to circuit parameters that cannot be physically obtained in practice, a modified second-order quasi-Chebyshev design is presented, which can be physically implemented by stacking one conventional rectangular patch above one rectangular patch with both inner and meandering slots. The proposed methodology is used to design an antenna with over 30% bandwidth at a center frequency of 5.57 GHz. A prototype has been fabricated and measured, and good agreement has been found between simulations and experiments.

Retraction Note to: Efficient and optimized design of a stacked patch microstrip antenna for next generation network applications

Retraction Note to: Efficient and optimized design of a stacked patch microstrip antenna for next generation network applications

A Decoupling Structure for Mutual Coupling Suppression in Stacked Microstrip Patch Antenna Array

A simple decoupling structure for a stacked microstrip patch antenna array is proposed. By loading a shorting C-shaped structure and a square ring, the mutual coupling between stacked microstrip patch antenna elements can be adjusted at the low- and high-resonant frequencies, respectively. To verify the feasibility of the proposed decoupling structure, the two-element stacked microstrip patch antenna arrays with and without decoupling structure are implemented and analyzed, respectively. Measured results indicate that the isolation between stacked microstrip patch antenna elements with the decoupling structure is enhanced by 10 dB as compared to the original structure with the free-space half-wavelength spacing at the center frequency.

Realization of miniaturized Triple-Band Four-Port stacked MIMO antenna for WLAN applications at 2.9/5.0/5.9 GHz bands

A compact four-port multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna is realized. The proposed antenna is designed as a stacked microstrip patch antenna that offers triple-band performance at 2.9 GHz, 5.0 GHz, and 5.9 GHz. The proposed antenna is a suitable candidate for WLAN applications covering three distinct bands of IEEE 802.11 protocols. All four ports of the designed antenna are uncorrelated, and a very low mutual coupling of less than –23 dB is obtained. The dimensions of the four-element MIMO are 0.4λ0 × 0.4λ0 × 0.03λ0. The step-by-step evaluation of the proposed antenna is presented in this work. A prototype of the proposed antenna is fabricated, and experimental results are compared with the simulated results. Both simulated and experimental results are found in close agreement.

Novel series fed dual band circular polarization antenna for navigational satellite system

A novel series fed dual band stacked microstrip patch antenna (SMPA) offering circular polarization (CP) over wide beam is proposed for Indian regional navigation satellite system (IRNSS). The antenna is designed to function at far apart dual frequencies 1.176 GHz (L5 band) and 2.492 GHz (S band) intended for the receiver terminals of IRNSS system. The dual band performance with large frequency ratio (about 1:2.1) has been obtained by two stacked patches with an air layer between them. The square notches at the corners along the diagonal of lower square patch, one sided corner truncation along the diagonal of upper square patch and feeding along central axis is used to obtain CP (with axial ratio &lt; 2) at both the operating bands. The square patches are excited with novel series feed technique. The proposed novel antenna has been designed, simulated and developed to meet the stringent design requirements for IRNSS navigation system. The antenna has achieved an impedance bandwidth of 2.6% and 2.2% at L5 and S band frequency respectively. It possesses positive gain beamwidth of 120and 3 dB axial ratio beamwidth of 120 ◦ and 60 ◦ at L5 and S band frequencies respectively.

A broadband circularly polarized stacked microstrip patch antenna with parasitic elements

In this article, a wideband circularly polarized stacked microstrip patch antenna (CP SMPA) with continuous phase feed characteristics is presented. The designed antenna consists of a square-loop feeding structure as driven element, four rectangular-patches and four rotated square-patches as parasitic elements. First, a square-loop with arc-shaped strip is designed to obtain 90° phase difference. Second, four rectangular-patches are placed next to the square-loop for generating a CP resonant mode through a capacitive coupling method. Third, four rotated square-patches are arranged at the top of the rectangular-patches to excite an additional CP resonant mode. Eventually, the designed CP SMPA features a wide −10-dB impedance bandwidth (IBW) of 32% (5.93 GHz, 4.98–6.88 GHz), and a broad 3-dB axial ratio bandwidth of 22.8% (6.15 GHz, 5.45–6.85 GHz).

A compact polarization reconfigurable stacked microstrip antenna for WiMAX application

AbstractIn this paper, a stacked microstrip patch antenna with polarization reconfigurable property has been proposed for worldwide interoperability for microwave access (WiMAX) application. The proposed antenna has two substrate layers: upper and lower layers with two radiating patches connected with the coaxial probe. Without the upper layer the lower square-shaped substrate layer having regular hexagonal radiating patch with probe fed acts as a linear polarized antenna with impedance bandwidth for (S11 ≤ −10 dB) is 370 MHz 10.56% (3.32–3.69 GHz) cover WiMAX (3.4–3.69 GHz) application band. The hexagonal radiating patch is perturbed with an optimum rectangular slot to enhance the impedance bandwidth of the antenna. The lower substrate layer having hexagonal patch with the same probe position is stacked with the upper square-shaped substrate layer with same sized square patch and the upper patch soldered with the coaxial probe. The overall stacked antenna generates a circularly polarized band when the opposite corner of the top square radiating patch of the upper layer is truncated with optimum size. In order to generate another circularly polarized band and to improve the input impedance matching of the stacked antenna, the top radiating patch is perturbed with two slots and a slit. The stacked circularly polarized antenna generates impedance bandwidth of 12.75% (3.23–3.67 GHz) for (S11 ≤ −10 dB) with two circularly polarized bands (3.34–3.37 GHz) and (3.66–3.70 GHz) as per (axial ratio ≤ 3 dB) for WiMAX application. Therefore, the proposed antenna can be used as linearly polarized or dual band circularly polarized according to requirement.

A Circularly Polarized Dielectric Resonator Antenna and Its Reconfigurable Design

In this letter, a circularly polarized antenna featured with a low profile, wideband, and high gain is investigated. The antenna, looking like a classical stacked microstrip patch antenna (MPA), is essentially a stacked dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) with high permittivity thin dielectric slabs introduced instead of metallic patches. With this structure, the antenna can take advantages of both MPA and DRA, showing superior performance than either of them. On this basis, a polarization-reconfigurable antenna version is further proposed with three polarization states of right-handed (RH), left-handed (LH) circular polarization (CP) and linear polarization. For demonstration, antenna prototypes were fabricated and measured. Reasonable agreement between the measured and simulation results is observed.

RETRACTED ARTICLE: Efficient and optimized design of a stacked patch microstrip antenna for next generation network applications

WiMAX technology is an emerging technology for next generation network. It is a wireless broadband communications technology based around the IEE 802.16 standard providing high speed data over a wide area. Although initially seen as a candidate for 4G, its use is decreasing, although it is used as WiMAX broadband and also for last mile links. In this paper, An Aperture coupled Stacked Patch Microstrip Antenna for WiMAX application is proposed. This antenna is designed to have H-shape patch with V shape slot at the ground to provide the WiMAX band (3.3–3.6 GHz) which is a licensed spectrum that has been allocated for broadband wireless access in numerous countries around the world and widely used in military applications. FR4 is used as the substrate material. The designed antenna is simulated using Ansoft High Frequency Simulation Software. The simulated and measured results are showing that the proposed antenna is producing the bandwidth of 300 MHz with the return loss value of − 25.1 dB.

Design of Reconfigurable Stacked Patch Microstrip Antenna (RSPMA) at 1.8 GHz and 2.3 GHz

This paper presents a Reconfigurable Stacked Patch Microstrip Antenna (RSPMA) uses a combination of aperture coupled technique and stacked patch technology for reducing feigned radiation patterns. This RSPMA consists of three FR-4 substrate layers with 4.7 mm thickness each and 3 mm thick of an air-filled substrate between stacked patches and the ground plane. The top patches are rectangular shaped with a T-shaped hole at the center and the bottom patches are T-shaped, both etched on top of substrate 1 and substrate 2 respectively act as a radiating element. Two H-shape designs of aperture slots of different sizes on the ground plane are positioned at the center of the ground plane with reference to the top patches and bottom patches. A copper strip is used as an ideal RF switch is implemented at the feed line network for the ON and OFF mode. Thus, by adjusting the switch mode, the resonance frequencies can be varied, thus frequency reconfigurable is achieved. The activation of the selected aperture slots will produce waves and radiates the signal to the radiating layers of the patch antenna. Hence, two different frequencies, either at 1.8 GHz or 2.3 GHz were achieved through the RSPMA with the gain of 3.691 dB and 2.291 dB, respectively. The antenna designed was simulated using CST Microwave Studio at an operating frequency of 1 GHz to 2.7 GHz. The RSPMA is said to be potentially beneficial to the wireless communication system.

Design and implementation of slotted metamaterial stacked microstrip patch antenna for broadband applications

The design of stacked patch antenna integrated with metamaterial for broadband applications to achieve appreciable gain, directivity and low return loss is presented in this article. It mainly focuses on optimization and easy adaptation in MMIC technology. The antenna is designed to carry out by combining two Microstrip patch antenna in a stack manner and Metamaterial is implemented by Complementary Split Ring Resonator (CSRR) technique on both side of the patch antenna and slots are introduced at four corners of the patch and adjacent to the metamaterial. The designed antenna is capable of maintaining its performance over wireless system at C band (4-8 GHz) frequency range. The substrate used is FR-4 with thickness of 0.8mm and permittivity) is 4.2. It is simulated using Advanced Design System (ADS) and it is resonated around 6 GHz. It yields a VSWR of about 1.014 (6.25 GHz), 1.022 (5.829 GHz) and 1.015 (6.522 GHz) under simulation and 1.25 (6.03 GHz), 1.119 (5.74 GHz) and 1.247 (5.36 GHz) in measurements respectively. Thus the antenna becomes a necessity for many applications in recent wireless communications such as RADAR and space applications.

Multilayer Stacked Microstrip Patch Antenna for 5G Applications Operating in Millimeter Wave Band.

The paper presents a multilayer stacked micro strip patch antenna specially for 5G applications[1]. It is a 2x2 patch array built in three layers with top layer comprising of four patches and bottom layer will be the ground plane whereas the middle layer is meant for achieving higher gain and wide bandwidth. The gain of the antenna array is found to be 11.66 dBi. The impedance bandwidth of the array antenna is found to be greater than 10%. The reflection coefficient of the array is calculated as -15.15 dB.

Stacked microstrip patch antenna design for ISM band applications with 3D‐printing technology

AbstractWith the advances in the 3Dprinting technology these technologies are being used in many fields for fast and low‐cost prototyping procceses. One of the commonoly used applications is manufacturing of microwave circuits. Herein, design and realization of stacked microstrip patch array (SMPA) antenna for ISM band application with 3D‐printing technology is presented. Firstly design of a SMPA antenna consist of a patch fed by a microstrip line and a staced patch array 2×2 rectangular patch is studied for ISM band applications. Next, the antenna is fabricated by using a 3D printer. From the experiment results it can be concluded that 3D‐printed antenna has good performance, within the operation band with a good return loss performance of &lt;–10 dB and a moderate gain of 11 dBi. Thus, in this work an efficient prototyping method had been proposed for low‐cost, high‐accuracy, and fast prototyping of microwave antennas by using 3D‐printer.

ДВУХСЛОЙНЫЕ МИКРОПОЛОСКОВЫЕ АНТЕННЫЕ РЕШЕТКИ ИЗ ПРЯМОУГОЛЬНЫХ ИЗЛУЧАТЕЛЕЙ

PACS numbers: 41.20.Jb, 84.40.Ba Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to propagate the methodology earlier developed by the authors for calculating microstrip antennas for the case of a two-layer antenna array of rectangular radiators, to study its electrodynamics characteristics with expanding its bandwidth. Design/methodology/approach: The research method is based on application of the spectral method in approximation of the given surface current density distribution on the array radiators, when the current density distribution is given by some function wich fairly well discribes the true current distribution and is convenient for further analysis. The essence of the spectral method lies in representation of the Green’s function, the radiation field, and the current density as expansions in the Fourier integral. Such a representation is convenient in analyzing the radiation characteristics of antennas. The investigations were carried out with taking into account the presence of surface waves in the dielectric layers, the mutual influence of the radiators and matching them with the power lines. Findings: Using the developed technique a two-layer microstrip antenna with a grating of four rectangular radiators located on each layer is studied. An algorithm for calculating its characteristics is constructed and its such characteristics as the directivity pattern and the gain factor are investigated. A constructive synthesis of its elements is made that resulted in determination of the dimensions of the radiators of the grating at which they are matching with the power lines. The influence of the layer thickness between the gratings on antenna characteristics is considered. It is shown that using the two-layer structures gives the opportunity to expand the antenna bandwidth, which is of great practical importance. Conclusions: The research methodology makes it possible to investigate the electrodynamics characteristics and to make a constructive synthesis of two-layer microstrip antenna arrays from rectangular radiators having some specified improved parameters, in particular, an extended bandwidth. Key words: radiation, two-layer microstrip antenna, spectral method, surface current density, bandwidth Manuscript submitted 03.07.2018 Radio phys. radio astron. 2018, 23(3): 203-211 REFERENCES 1. POZAR, D. M., 1982. Input impedance and mutual coupling of rectangular microstrip antennas. IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag . vol. 30, is. 6, pp. 1191–1196. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/TAP.1982.1142934 2. POZAR, D. M., 1983. Considerations for millimeter wave printed antennas. IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag . vol. 31, is. 5, pp. 740–747. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/TAP.1983.1143124 3. POZAR, D. M., 1986. Finite phased arrays of rectangular microstrip patches. IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag . vol. 34, is. 5, pp. 658–665. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/TAP.1986.1143868 4. LEVINE, E., MALAMUD, G., SHTRIKMAN, S. and TREVES, D., 1989. A study of microstrip array antennas with the feed network. IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag . vol. AP-37, is. 4, pp. 426–434. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/8.24162 5. PROSVIRNIN, S. L. and NECHAEV, YU. B., 1992. Designing of microstrip antennas by using approximation of fixed surface current distribution . Voronezh, Russia: Voronezh State University Publ. (in Russian). 6. PROSVIRNIN, S. L., REZNIK, I. I. and SELEZNEV, D. G., 1998. Matching with feed lines and taking into account interaction in microstrip antenna arrays. J. Commun. Technol. Electron . vol. 43, no. 12, pp. 1376–1379. 7. SELEZNYOV, D. G., REZNIK , I. I. and SELEZNYOV, A. D., 2003. Microstrip Antenna Arrays Composed of Rectangular Radiators. Radio Phys. Radio Astron . vol. 8, is. 1, pp. 52–58 (in Russian). 8. SELEZNYOV, D. G., REZNIK, I. I. and SELEZNYOV, A. D., 2005. Microstrip Antenna Arrays with Dielectric Covering. Radio Phys. Radio Astron . vol. 10, is. 1, pp. 85–91 (in Russian). 9. CROQ, F. and POZAR, D. M., 1991. Millimeter-wave design of wide-band aperture-coupled stacked microstrip antennas. IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag . vol. 39, is. 12, pp. 1770–1776. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/8.121599 10. OBUKHOVETS, V. A., KASYANOV, A. O. and ZAGOROVSKY, V. I., 2002. Electromagnetic analysis of multilayered microstrip reflector antenna arrays. Antenny . vol. 4(59), pp. 4–11 (in Russian). 11. YOU, C., TENTZERIS, M. M. and HWANG, W., 2007. Multilayer effects on microstrip antennas for their integration with mechanical structures. IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag . vol. 55, is. 4, pp. 1051–1058. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/TAP.2007.893401 12. NAGENDRA PACHAURI, APARNA GUPTA and SONI CHANGLANI, 2015. Analysis of multilayer stacked microstrip patch antenna for bandwidth enhancement. Int. J. Innov. Res. Sci. Eng. Technol . vol. 4, is. 9, pp. 8321–8334. DOI: 10.15680/IJIRSET.2015.04090044

Design Analysis of Broadband Stacked Microstrip Patch Antenna for WLAN Applications

A novel configuration of stacked microstrip patch antenna is designed, simulated and fabricated for WLAN applications. Return loss is calculated below − 10 dB scale, to indicate that the projected antenna has bandwidth of 1.34 GHz when simulated and 1.73 GHz when experimentally measured. The simulated radiation pattern is in accordance with exprimentally measured results that indicates fabricated antenna is suitable for WLAN applications. This specifies that the antenna covers all WLAN standards of 802.11 a/h/j/n/ac/p and can be considered as optimum fit for WLAN applications. The designed antenna has negligible bandwidth error which is attributed to error in fabrication, measured using vernier caliper, which is calculated to be less than 1% for lager dimensions. The considered antenna parameters and results are discussed according to National Institute of Justice Standard—0205.02. The designed prototype is passed through several environmental tests like thermal vacuum cyclic test, thermal shock test and tropical exposure test based on MIL-STD-810g. The parametric analysis of various design parameters in stacked patch antenna is included to optimize the broadband performance of anticipated antenna.

A Dual Polarized Triple Band Stacked Elliptical Microstrip Patch Antenna for WLAN Applications

In this paper, a single coaxial feed dual polarized triple band stacked microstrip patch antenna for wireless applications is presented. The proposed stacked antenna has two resonating elements with lower layer consisting of a truncated corner square patch and upper layer with an elliptical patch. Both the layers of proposed antenna are printed on RT Duroid® 5880 substrate (having ϵr = 2.2). The antenna shows triple band resonance at 4.2, 4.8 and 5.8 GHz with circular polarization behaviour at the first two resonances and linear polarization characteristic in the third resonance respectively. The typical realized gain of proposed antenna is around 7 dB in all three resonating bands.