Stable Sensor Research Articles

Highly sensitive and selective rGO-LaFeO3 nanocomposite based formaldehyde sensors towards air quality monitoring

Formaldehyde (HCHO), a ubiquitous volatile organic compound and recognized human carcinogen, is extensively used in industrial applications such as resin and adhesive production. Even minimal exposure to HCHO can induce serious health effects, including respiratory distress and dermal irritation. Thus, the advancement of highly sensitive and selective sensors for HCHO detection is imperative for safeguarding environmental and indoor air quality. Herein, we report the development of a very sensitive, highly selective, and stable HCHO sensor based on reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and lanthanum ferrite (LaFeO3). LaFeO3 and rGO-LaFeO3 nanocomposites with different compositions were synthesized through an affordable and straightforward sol-gel process. Among them, the LFGO(50:1) sensor demonstrated the highest response and selectivity towards HCHO, with a detection limit (theoretically) as low as 19 ppb (1.5 fold). Notably, it exhibited approximately 15-fold p-type response to 1 ppm of HCHO, while operating at 260°C. The sensor also showed quick response and recovery times of around 1.5 seconds and 36 seconds, respectively while having negligible response to other VOCs, including ethanol, methanol, and NH3. A synergistic effect of rGO and LaFeO3 is attributed to this improved sensing behavior. rGO offers a large surface area that facilitates the adsorption of HCHO molecules, while LaFeO3 acts as a catalyst for the oxidation of HCHO. The sensor also showed good selectivity, stability, and reproducibility, making the material a promising candidate for practical applications towards environment monitoring, indoor air quality control, and industrial safety.

Development and Manufacturing Method of Electrodes for a High Temperature Oxygen Sensor

The article discusses the use of zirconium dioxide stabilized with yttria as an electrolyte for the formation of a high-temperature ceramic oxygen concentration sensor. The fundamental possibility of using such a material is due to the high electrical conductivity caused by the mobility of oxygen ions in the vacancies of the solid electrolyte. The operating principle of such a sensor as an electrochemical concentration element is discussed. It has been shown that the use of such sensors is relevant for various industries (including chemical, metallurgical, oil and gas, energy and others). Options for forming electrodes of an electrochemical sensor using various materials and deposition methods are considered. A method for forming a platinum coating using a chemical method using isopropyl alcohol and subsequent pyrolysis was tested. It has been experimentally shown that the chemical method is applicable for the formation of electrodes of an electrochemical sensor. The electrical characteristics of the resulting coatings were measured. The optimal composition of the reaction mixture and the required number of layers to create a stable operating electrochemical sensor have been determined. The dependence of the potential of the formed electrochemical sensor from stabilized zirconium oxide on oxygen concentration in a wide temperature range has been studied. It has been shown that when using a scheme of sequential transformations, hydrolysis of platinum tetrachloride - deposition on a substrate - reductive pyrolysis, it is possible to obtain a high-quality conductive coating for the formation of gas sensor electrodes. The optimal composition of the reaction mixture for the formation of platinum electrodes has been selected. The optimal number of layers was determined to ensure the required level of electrical conductivity of the electrodes. It has been shown that an electrochemical element based on zirconium dioxide and platinum electrodes, formed according to the scheme developed in this work, can be used as a high-temperature oxygen sensor.

Fast preparing bioelectrode with conductive bioink for nitrite detection in high sensitivity and stability

Electrochemically active biofilms (EABs) for nitrite detection have high specificity, rapid response, operational simplicity, and extended lifespan advantages. However, their scale production remains challenging due to time-consuming and uniform preparation. In this study, a novel approach was proposed to fast fabricate an EAB biosensor with a synthetic biofilm electrode for nitrite detection. The biofilm electrode was prepared by coating bioinks with varying conductive materials onto the surface of the graphite sheets, showing short incubation time and good reproducibility. Incorporating conductive materials into the bioinks remarkably enhanced the maximum voltage of the first cycle of bioelectrode incubation, with an increase of up to 633% for carbon nanofibers. The nitrite reduction current was amplified by a factor of 2.97, due to the enhancement of extracellular electron transfer (EET). The developed nitrite biosensor exhibited a detection range of 0.1–15 mg NO2--N L−1, with a high sensitivity of 610.8 μA mM−1 cm−2, and a stabilization operation time of at least 280 cycles. This study not only provided valuable insights into conductive materials for synthetic biofilms but also presented a practical approach for the rapid preparation, scale production, and optimization of highly sensitive and stable EAB sensors.

Facile strategy for uniform gold coating on silver nanowires embedded PDMS for soft electronics

Silver nanowires-embedded polydimethylsiloxane (AgNWs/PDMS) electrodes are promising components for various soft electronics, but face energy mismatch with organic semiconductors. Attempts at galvanic replacement, involving spontaneous gold (Au) formation on the electrodes, often result in non-uniform and particulate Au coatings, compromising device performance and stability. In this study, we introduce a novel approach for achieving a uniform and complete Au coating on AgNWs/PDMS electrodes by adding NaCl to the Au complex solution. This addition slows down the galvanic replacement process and prevents precipitation, enabling a uniform and complete Au coating on the AgNWs surface. Such coating significantly reduces contact resistance (RC), thereby enhancing the electrical characteristics of p-type organic transistors. Furthermore, the development of high-performance, fully soft organic transistors was achieved incorporating an organic semiconductor-elastomer blend. Additionally, reliable, mechanically stable soft glucose sensor was developed, taking advantage of the complete Au coating, which protects against oxidation during the glucose sensing process.

Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Quantum Dots Activated Dandelion-Like Hierarchical WO3 for Highly Sensitive and Selective MEMS Sensors in Diabetes Detection.

High sensitivity, low concentration, and excellent selectivity are pronounced primary challenges for semiconductor gas sensors to monitor acetone from exhaled breath. In this study, nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dots (N-CQDs) with high reactivity were used to activate dandelion-like hierarchical tungsten oxide (WO3) microspheres to construct an efficient and stable acetone gas sensor. Benefiting from the synergistic effect of both the abundant active sites provided by the unique dandelion-like hierarchical structure and the high reaction potential generated by the sensitization of the N-CQDs, the resulting 16 wt % N-CQDs/WO3 sensor shows an ultrahigh response value (Ra/Rg = 74@1 ppm acetone), low detection limit (0.05 ppm), outstanding selectivity, and reliable stability to acetone at the optimum working temperature of 210 °C. Noteworthy that the N-CQDs facilitate the carrier migration and intensify the reaction between acetone and WO3 during the sensing process. Considering the above advantages, N-CQDs as a sensitizer to achieve excellent gas-sensitive properties of WO3 are a promising new strategy for achieving accurate acetone detection in real time and facilitating the development of portable human-exhaled gas sensors.

Simple and Highly Sensitive Electrochemical Sensor for Sunset Yellow Detection Based on Co3O4/g‐C3N4 Nanocomposite Modified Gold Electrode

AbstractSunset Yellow (SY) is an azo dye used in various food and pharmaceutical industries that deserves special attention because of its allergic and carcinogenic properties. Recently, electrochemical techniques have come to the spotlight because of their high sensitivity, simplicity and rapidity as compared to other techniques. In this work, we have developed a cost‐effective and stable electrochemical sensor by a simple method using Vitamin B12‐derived cobalt oxide coupled with g‐C3N4 (V12‐CoO/gCN) modified Au electrode. The composite prepared for the sensor was characterized using techniques such as FTIR, Powder XRD, SEM analysis, EDAX, and mapping. For electrochemical sensing of the dye Sunset Yellow, CV, DPV, and LSV techniques have been used, out of which DPV shows a better detection limit of 1.39 nM followed by LSV and CV that displayed detection limits of 3.3 nM and 4.14 nM respectively. When 5 real samples obtained from the local market are analyzed using the DPV technique, the detection limit is obtained in the range between 2.1 nM and 6.9 nM. This method leads to the development of an electrochemical sensor for the detection of Sunset Yellow to get a lower detection limit that can be used in food toxicology and related fields.

Highly sensitive and structure stable polyvinyl alcohol hydrogel sensor with tailored free water fraction and multiple networks by reinforcement of conductive nanocellulose.

The wearable composite hydrogel sensors with high stretchability have attracted much attention in recent years, while the traditional hydrogels have weak molecular (chain) interaction and contain a lot of free water, leading to poor mechanical properties, unstable environmental tolerance and sensing ability. Herein, a novel ice crystal extrusion-crosslinking strategy is used to obtain polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogel with conductive nanocellulose-poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (CNC-PEDOT) as skeleton network, sodium alginate (SA) and Ca2+ as tough segment of multi-bonding network. This strategy synergistically enhanced the interaction of hydrogen bonds and calcium (Ca2+) ion chelation within the hydrogel, building highly sensitive and stable multiple tough-elastic networks. Therefore, the optimal hydrogel sensor (PVA/SA-CP45) shows good structural stability, robust mechanical performance, excellent compress (Sensitivity=68.7), stretching sensitivity (Gauge factor=4.16), ultra-wide application range (-105-60°C), fast response/relaxation time and outstanding dynamic durability with 6000 stretching-releasing cycles. Especially, it can give good sensing performance for omnidirectional monitoring of human motion and weak signals. Moreover, it was also designed into multifunctional sensing systems for gait guidance of model training and real-time monitoring ammonia gas for food preservation and public environmental safety, demonstrating great potential in flexible sensors devices for health monitoring.

High-Performance H2S Sensors to Detect SF6 Leakage.

Detecting H2S in oxygen-deficient conditions is vital for identifying leaks in SF6-insulated electrical equipment. Current infrared-based detection methods are expensive and sensitive to environmental conditions, highlighting the necessity for cost-effective and stable gas sensors. Existing gas sensors based on semiconducting metal oxides (SMOXs) are limited by redox reactions with oxygen and require high operating temperatures. Here, we introduce a room-temperature (RT) H2S sensor for oxygen-deficient environments using the intrinsic conducting two-dimensional (2D) metal-organic framework (MOF), Co1.8Ni1.2(hexaiminotriphenylene)2 [Co1.8Ni1.2(HITP)2], overcoming the limitations of SMOX gas sensors. Remarkably, Co1.8Ni1.2(HITP)2 sensors exhibit exceptional selectivity for H2S with negligible cross-responses and a sensitivity drift of less than 4.13% in an SF6 atmosphere over 60 days. The Co1.8Ni1.2(HITP)2 gas sensor shows significant promise for real-time and stable monitoring of H2S gas in oxygen-deficient environments.

Electrochemical Sensing of Phenylalanine using Polyaniline-Based Molecularly Imprinted Polymers.

Polyaniline (PANI)-based molecularly imprinted polymers were investigated for their efficacy in sensing phenylalanine (Phe) when fabricated on both glassy carbon electrode (GCE) and indium tin oxide (ITO) sheets. This study highlights the superior performance of PANI-MIP/ITO over PANI-MIP/GCE for sensing Phe, with clear and distinct redox responses. Molecular computation helps to understand the interaction mechanism between PANI and Phe, where molecular crowding, aggregated clusters, hydrogen bonding, and π-π stacking facilitate stable interactions. We tested the specificity of Phe sensing by PANI-MIP with different amino acids such as cysteine, tryptophan, and tyrosine as well as organic molecules such as ascorbic acid, allantoin, sucrose, and urea, confirming its remarkable electrochemical efficiency. The oxidation response curve yielded a limit of detection of 4.88 μM and a limit of quantification of 16.3 μM, comparable to or better than earlier reported sensors. This work demonstrates the promise of MIP-based electrochemical sensing. It also lays the groundwork for future investigations into optimizing PANI-MIPs with nanocomposites to develop more selective and stable sensors.

Microwave Radiation Assisted Construction of Fused Deposition Modeling 3D Printing Flexible Sensors

AbstractWith the rapid development of the internet of things, the simple preparation of sensors has become a challenge. The present work presents the simple preparation of flexible sensors by using the fused deposition modeling (FDM) 3D printing combined with the microwave radiation‐assisted treatment of the thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) with carbon nanotubes (CNTs) as conductive fillers to create the flexible sensors. The as‐prepared TPU/CNT composites exhibit the 7.27 MPa tensile strength and 401% elongation at break, similar to those of the pure TPU. After 200 tensile cycles, the TPU/CNT composites can still stably convert pressure into electrical signals, which can be used as flexible sensors with high sensitivity (0.879 kPa−1). In addition, shoe insoles and finger cover with sensing performance are fabricated through the FDM 3D printing technology, demonstrating the potential of the sensors to monitor human gait, finger straightening, and bending movements. The as‐proposed method involves the embedding CNTs as conductive fillers on the surface of TPU to form the TPU/CNT composite conductive layers on the surface of TPU, which is beneficial for maintaining the elasticity of the polymer matrix. The challenges in preparing stable, low‐cost, and scalable flexible sensors and highlights of the advantages of 3D printing technology in manufacturing flexible piezoresistive sensors are also deeply discussed.

Construction of black phosphorus/metal-organic framework composites for electrochemical detection of uric acid

The detection of uric acid (UA) concentration is of great significance for the prevention and treatment of related diseases. In this work, we used a static precipitation strategy to prepare a surface carbonized cobalt-based metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) composite black phosphorus nanosheets (BPNS) electrode material for electrochemical detection of UA. The results showed that the sensor had a linear detection range of UA concentration from 1 to 2000 μM in acetate buffer with pH=5.6. In addition, the sensor still maintains a peak current response of 91.9 % after one month, indicating its good stability and anti-interference performance. The enhancement of sensing performance is attributed to the fact that the composite material retains the excellent electronic transport properties of BPNS. At the same time, the composite of MOFs makes the specific surface area and porosity of the material increase, so that the stability of BPNS is significantly improved. This work will provide new ideas for the construction of stable and efficient UA electrochemical sensors.

Highly durable yarn-based strain sensor with enhanced underwater monitoring capabilities and rapid drowning detection for safety applications

Flexible strain sensors have garnered significant attention for their outstanding performance in fields such as telemedicine, motion management, and human–machine interfaces. However, in the demanding marine environments, these advanced sensors face challenges related to mechanical weakness, stability, and durability under wet conditions, which are critical for expanding their range of practical applications. In this study, a stable and durable yarn sensor was developed specifically tailored for underwater activity monitoring. This was achieved by using polydopamine to immobilize silver nanoparticles, thereby creating a highly conductive layer, followed by applying an impregnation coating to establish a hydrophobic layer. The resulting composite structure featured a micro-convex layer of silver nanoparticles, which provided a durable hydrophobic surface resistant to mechanical wear and capable of maintaining its electrical properties even under high-velocity water impacts. More significantly, a FWAS was engineered, which is activated by pre-stretching the yarn sensor using a water-soluble vinylon yarn. The FWAS automatically alters its resistance within 1.3 s upon detecting someone falling into the water, thereby sending out an accurate distress signal to the external world by transmitting Morse code signals via gesture movements. This innovation provides a straightforward and effective approach for timely rescue operations from drowning, demonstrating the versatility of yarn-based flexible strain sensors for use not only in air but also in underwater scenarios.

Recyclable and Stable Strain Sensors Based on Semi‐Wrapped Structure of Silver Nanowires in Polyvinyl Alcohol for Human Motion Monitoring

AbstractHighly sensitive strain sensors have been widely used in human motion monitoring, medical treatment, soft robots, and human–computer interaction, and the recycling of functional materials is in a huge demand for eco‐friendly and sustainable electronics. However, the manufacturing of recyclable strain sensors still remains challenging. Here, a semi‐wrapped structure based on silver nanowires and polyvinyl alcohol is proposed to realize a recyclable and stable strain sensor. It has shown excellent sensitivity, fast response, high stretchability and good environmental stability, and is successfully applied for human motion monitoring. In addition, a simple strategy is developed to effectively recycle silver nanowires in an eco‐friendly manner. The recyclable and stable strain sensor demonstrates potential applications in wearable and stretchable electronics, and the recycling strategy can be extended to other noble metal nanomaterials.

A garment-integrated textile stitch-based strain sensor device, IoT-Enabled for enhanced wearable sportswear applications

The field of wearable technology is undergoing a transformative shift with the integration of IoT-enabled, AI-assisted sensors into sportswear, bringing sophisticated performance analysis within reach for a broader audience. Despite advancements in stitch strain sensors, there is a significant research gap in developing high-performance, stable, and IoT-connected complete stitch strain wearable sensor systems. These advanced sensors are essential for enhancing wearable technology and meeting the growing demands for improved user experience and functionality. In this study by utilizing conductive sewing threads and innovative stitching techniques, we fabricated textile strain sensors that offer high sensitivity, flexibility, and durability. Extensive calibration tests revealed strong linear relationships between resistance and tensile strain, with highest sensor sensitivity (2.08 Ω/mm during loading and 2.72 Ω/mm during unloading). These sensors demonstrate reliable performance with minimal hysteresis, particularly in shorter lengths. The wearable sportswear device, tested in gym environments, demonstrated the sensor's capability to provide real-time feedback on knee flexing/bending and body movement during exercise. This functionality supports injury prevention and enhances workout efficiency. The sensor system is IoT-enabled, powered by an ESP8266 microcontroller, facilitating data transmission to the Thing Speak platform for advanced analysis and remote monitoring. This comprehensive approach not only advances wearable technology but also opens new avenues for remote health monitoring and smart e-textiles, contributing significantly to the fields of sports science and fitness technology.

Emerging 2D nanoscale metal oxide sensor: semiconducting CeO2nano-sheets for enhanced formaldehyde vapor sensing.

Herein, we fabricated nanoscale 2D CeO2sheet structure to develop a stable resistive gas sensor for detection of low concentration (ppm) level formaldehyde vapors. The fabricated CeO2nanosheets (NSs) showed an optical band gap of 3.53 eV and cubic fluorite crystal structure with enriched defect states. The formation of 2D NSs with well crystalline phases is clearly observed from high-resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM) images. The NSs have been shown tremendous blue-green emission related to large oxygen defects. A VOC sensing device based on fabricated two-dimensional NSs has been developed for the sensing of different VOCs. The device showed better sensing for formaldehyde compared with other VOCs (2-propanol, methanol, ethanol, and toluene). The response was found to be 4.35, with the response and recovery time of 71 s and 310 s, respectively. The device showed an increment of the recovery time (71 s to 100 s) with the decrement of the formaldehyde ppm (100 ppm to 20 ppm). Theoretical fittings provided the detection limit of formaldehyde ≈8.86 ± 0.45 ppm with sensitivity of 0.56 ± 0.05 ppm-1. The sensor device showed good reproducibility with excellent stability over the study period of 135 d, with a deviation of 1.8% for 100 ppm formaldehyde. The average size of the NSs (≈24 nm) calculated from HRTEM observation showed lower value than the calculated Debye length (≈44 nm) of the charge accumulation during VOCs sensing. Different defect states, interstitial and surface states in the CeO2NSs as observed from the Raman spectrum and emission spectrum are responsible for the formaldehyde sensing. This work offers an insight into 2D semiconductor-based oxide material for highly sensitive and stable formaldehyde sensors.

The pH-dependent properties of cuprous oxide thin films prepared by electrochemical deposition for liquid petroleum gas sensing

Efficient liquid petroleum gas sensing was investigated by modulating the pH level (8, 9, 10, 11, and 12) of electrochemically deposited nanostructured cuprous oxide thin films in a lactate bath. The synthesized films were characterized by surface contact angle, XRD, SEM, UV–Vis absorption, Mott-Schottky, and AC impedance spectroscopy measurements. These displayed a unique initial increment or decrease followed by a persistent decrement or increment at pH 9–10. This turning pH point exhibited the least wetting polycrystalline Cu2O growth with the smallest crystallite size of ∼ 45 nm, the highest dislocation density of ∼50 µm−2, and a strain of 0.03 according to X-ray diffraction. SEM micrographs identified ∼ 1 µm-sized, closely structured grains with trigonal-prismatic shapes. The Mott-Schottky plots drawn from C-V measurements revealed a significant dependence of flat band potential and free carrier density on the deposition bath pH level. Cu2O films deposited using the lactate bath changed the conductivity at pH 9 from n-type to p-type when increasing the pH value. With the conductivity transition, films prepared at pH 9 displayed a relatively high direct band gap energy of 2.28 eV. Liquid petroleum gas (LPG) sensing at 70 °C demonstrated the most substantial gas response of 11.5 % at pH 10 Cu2O films. Cu2O thin films deposited at pH 9 emerged as the most stable and reproducible p-Cu2O LPG sensor, with response and recovery times ranging from 20 to 25 seconds. Remarkable changes in the film structures and morphologies were revealed with pH values above 9 after the gas exposure. The grain shape and distribution of pH 9 remained unchanged, assuring the stability of the sensing platform.

Does a large response suffice?: Thermally stable and low noise Si-doped IZO thin-film transistor-type gas sensors

The need for highly sensitive and reliable gas sensors is critical for various applications. Metal oxide gas sensors are at the forefront of this technological demand. However, existing studies predominantly focus on enhancing the sensor response, often neglecting other crucial performance metrics such as thermal stability, leading to sensors with suboptimal overall performance. In this study, we investigate the effects of silicon doping on indium-zinc-oxide (IZO) thin-film transistor (TFT)-type gas sensors from a comprehensive perspective. We demonstrate that Si-doping effectively reduces oxygen vacancies in the IZO film, leading to improvements in structural integrity and stability. This enhancement is reflected in a significant reduction in 1/f noise, an increase in SNR, and thermal stability. Consequently, the limit of detection (LoD) for the Si-doped IZO TFT-type gas sensor is markedly improved, decreasing from 1.8 ppb to 0.29 ppb. Our findings underscore the importance of a holistic approach in the development of metal oxide gas sensors. By considering a broad set of performance factors, we achieve a more reliable and sensitive gas-sensing platform. This study provides valuable insights for the future design and optimization of advanced gas sensors, ensuring better performance across diverse operating conditions.

Enhancing the Longevity and Structural Stability of Humidity Sensors: Iron Thin Films with Nitride Bonding Synthesized via Magnetic Field-Assisted Sparking Discharge.

Developing long-lasting humidity sensors is essential for sustainable advancements in nanotechnology. Prolonged exposure to high humidity can cause sensors to drift from their calibration points, leading to long-term accuracy issues. Our research aims to develop a fabrication method that produces stable sensors capable of withstanding the environmental challenges faced by humidity sensors. Traditional iron-based nanoparticles often require complex treatments, such as chemical modification or thermal annealing, to maintain their properties. This study introduces a novel, one-step synthesis method for iron-based thin films with exceptional stability. The synthesized films were thoroughly characterized using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) to evaluate their phase stability and nitride formation. The method proposed in this study employs an electrical sparking discharge process within a pure nitrogen atmosphere under a 0.2 T magnetic field, producing thin films composed of nanoparticles approximately 20 nm in size. The resulting films demonstrate superior performance in humidity sensing applications compared to conventional methods. This straightforward and efficient approach offers a promising path toward robust and sustainable humidity sensors.

Facile synthesis of N-doped graphene quantum dots as a fluorescent sensor for Cr(vi) and folic acid detection.

The development of stable fluorescent sensors for toxic pollutants and drugs is meaningful to the environment and public health. In this work, nitrogen-doped graphene quantum dots (N-GQDs) were facially synthesized by a one-step hydrothermal method using soluble starch and l-arginine as carbon and nitrogen sources in pure water at 190 °C for 4 h. The as-synthesized N-GQDs were well characterized and displayed blue fluorescence emission at 445 nm with excellent pH stability, salt tolerance, thermostability, photobleaching resistance and reproducibility. Moreover, N-GQDs could serve as an "on-off" sensor for selective detection of Cr(vi) and folic acid with low detection limit (0.80 and 2.1 μM), good linear correlation over wide linear range (0-50 μM and 0-200 μM) as well as short response time (<10 s). The practical applications of N-GQDs for Cr(vi) and folic acid detection in actual samples were further investigated and showed acceptable recoveries (92-105%) with relative standard deviations less than 5%. These results indicated that this N-GQDs-based sensor could be a potential alternative for Cr(vi) and folic acid detection in the fields of environmental monitoring and drug analysis.

A stable and efficient electrochemical sensor for hydroquinone and catechol detection in real-world water samples using mesoporous CaM@rGO nanocomposite

Hydroquinone (HQ) and catechol (CC) are widespread environmental pollutants known for their high toxicity and poor biodegradability. Herein, we devised an electrochemical sensor for sensitive and selective detection of HQ and CC. The glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was meticulously modified by using the Ca-perovskite (CaTiO3/GCE), zinc-based metal-organic frameworks (Zn-MOF/GCE), and their nanocomposite with reduced graphene oxide (rGO), i.e., CaTiO3-Zn-MoF@rGO/GCE (CaM@rGO/GCE). The CaM@rGO/GCE sensor showed stupendous electrochemical performance due to the synergistic effects of rGO's high conductivity and Ca-perovskite's electrocatalytic activity. Furthermore, the Zn-MOF component ensures the sensor's remarkable stability. The developed sensor boasts impressive selectivity towards HQ and CC, achieving exceptionally low detection limits (0.0086 µM (S/N = 3) for HQ, 0.0115 µM (S/N = 3) for CC), and broad linear ranges (0.05–105 µM for HQ, 0.05–120 µM for CC). The sensor shows better sensitivity to hydroquinone (HQ) than catechol (CC) due to the absence of intramolecular hydrogen bonding in HQ. The sensor's real-world applicability was validated by analyzing environmental water samples, demonstrating its immense potential for practical environmental monitoring.