Stability Of Hybrid Perovskites Research Articles

Spontaneous Hybrid Nano‐Domain Behavior of the Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Perovskites

AbstractIn hybrid perovskites, the organic molecules and inorganic frameworks exhibit distinct static and dynamic characteristics. Their coupling will lead to fascinating phenomena, such as large polarons, dynamic Rashba–Dresselhaus effects, etc. In this paper, deep potential molecular dynamics (DPMD) is employed, a large‐scale MD simulation scheme with DFT accuracy, to study hybrid perovskites formamidinium lead iodide (FAPbI3) and methylamonium lead iodide (MAPbI3). A spontaneous hybrid nano‐domain behavior, namely multiple molecular rotation nano‐domains embedded into a single [PbI6]4− octahedra rotation domain, is first discovered at low temperatures. The behavior originates from the interplay between the long range order of molecular rotation and local lattice deformation, and clarifies the puzzling structural features of FAPbI3 at low temperatures. The work provides new insights into the structural characteristics and stability of hybrid perovskite, as well as new ideas for the structural characterization of organic–inorganic coupled systems.

The Stability of Hybrid Perovskites with UiO-66 Metal–Organic Framework Additives with Heat, Light, and Humidity

This study is devoted to investigating the stability of metal-organic framework (MOF)-hybrid perovskites consisting of CH3NH3PbI3 (MAPbI3) and UiO-66 without a functional group and UiO-66 with different COOH, NH2,and F functional groups under external influences including heat, light, and humidity. By conducting crystallinity, optical, and X-ray photoelectron spectra (XPS) measurements after long-term aging, all of the prepared MAPbI3@UiO-66 nanocomposites (with pristine UiO-66 or UiO-66 with additional functional groups) were stable to light soaking and a relative humidity (RH) of 50%. Moreover, the UiO-66 and UiO-66-(F)4 hybrid perovskite films possessed a higher heat tolerance than the other two UiO-66 with the additional functional groups of NH2 and COOH. Tthe MAPbI3@UiO-66-(F)4 delivered the highest stability and improved optical properties after aging. This study provides a deeper understanding of the impact of the structure of hybrid MOFs on the stability of the composite films.

Influence of Radiation on the Properties and the Stability of Hybrid Perovskites.

Organic-inorganic perovskites are well suited for optoelectronic applications. In particular, perovskite single and perovskite tandem solar cells with silicon are close to their market entry. Despite their swift rise in efficiency to more than 21%, solar cell lifetimes are way below the needed 25 years. In fact, comparison of the time when the device performance has degraded to 80% of its initial value (T80 lifetime) of numerous solar cells throughout the literature reveals a strongly reduced stability under illumination. Herein, the various detrimental effects are discussed. Most notably, moisture- and heat-related degradation can be mitigated easily by now. Recently, however, several photoinduced degradation mechanisms have been observed. Under illumination, mixed perovskites tend to phase segregate, while, further, oxygen catalyzes deprotonation of the organic cations. Additionally, during illumination photogenerated charge can be trapped in the NH antibonding orbitals causing dissociation of the organic cation. On the other hand, organic-inorganic perovskites exhibit a high radiation hardness that is superior to crystalline silicon. Here, the proposed degradation mechanisms reported in the literature are thoroughly reviewed and the microscopic mechanisms and their implications for solar cells are discussed.

Domain-dependent electronic structure and optical absorption property in hybrid organic-inorganic perovskite.

Hybrid organic-inorganic perovskites, represented by materials in the CH3NH3PbI3 series, have become one of the most promising materials for solar cells with a high power conversion efficiency and low cost. The ordered Pb-I cage in such hybrid perovskites can induce the polarized cations to form a variety of polarization domains with long-range order, which will lead to the formation of specific atomic conformations or metastable crystalline phases, unique electronic band structures and optical absorption properties. Such domain-dependent characteristics play a critical role in the phase transition and service stability of such solar cells, and also open up the opportunity of tuning their electronic structure. In the present study, we systematically investigate the band structures and optical absorption properties of different electronically ordered domains in CH3NH3PbI3. By comparing different perovskites containing various cations, we have clarified the important influence of cation polarization on domain-dependent properties. Our results provide not only a possible pathway for the manipulation of band structure by applying an external field, but also a novel scheme for improving the performance and stability of hybrid perovskites.

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The effect of I–/Cl–and I–/Br–mixing on the thermal and photochemical degradation of organometallic perovskite MeNH3PbI3 (MAPbI3) was studied by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, which revealed the opportunity to essentially increase the photo and thermal stabilities of the material depending on the level and position of halide-mixing. The largest positive effect was observed for the small concentration of chloride substituent (MAPbI2.7Cl0.3), while the full halide substitution (MAPbBr3) had a negative effect on the stability of hybrid perovskite.