Stability Of Foot Research Articles

Integrated machine learning for modeling bearing capacity of shallow foundations

Analyzing the stability of footings is a significant step in civil/geotechnical engineering projects. In this work, two novel predictive tools are suggested based on an artificial neural network (ANN) to analyze the bearing capacity of a footing installed on a two-layered soil mass. To this end, backtracking search algorithm (BSA) and equilibrium optimizer (EO) are employed to train the ANN for approximating the stability value (SV) of the system. After executing a set of finite element analyses, the settlement values lower/higher than 5 cm are considered to indicate the stability/failure of the system. The results demonstrated the efficiency of these algorithms in fulfilling the assigned task. In detail, the training error of the ANN (in terms of root mean square error—RMSE)) dropped from 0.3585 to 0.3165 (11.72%) and 0.2959 (17.46%) by applying the BSA and EO, respectively. Moreover, the prediction accuracy of the ANN climbed from 93.7 to 94.3% and 94.1% (in terms of area under the receiving operating characteristics curve—AUROC). A comparison between the elite complexities of these algorithms showed that the EO enjoys a larger accuracy, while BSA is a more time-effective optimizer. Lastly, an explicit mathematical formula is derived from the EO-ANN model to be conveniently used in predicting the SV.

Treatment strategy for flail foot with sensory disorder of spina bifida sequela in adult

To summarize the main methods and comprehensive effects of limited surgery combined with external fixation for the treatment of flail foot with sensory disorder of spina bifida sequela in adult. The clinical data of 22 cases (30 feet) of the adult spina bifida sequela who suffered from flail foot with sensory disorder and treated by limited surgery combined with external fixation were retrospectively analysed between January 2005 and December 2015. There were 14 males and 8 females with an age of 8-38 years (mean, 21.5 years). All 30 feet were distal ankle sensory loss, including 2 cases (2 feet) on the left side, 2 cases (2 feet) on the right side, and 18 cases (26 feet) on both sides. There was 1 foot accompanied by ulcerative plantar ulcers, and 3 feet lost their toes due to foot osteomyelitis in the weight-bearing area. Combined with 3 cases of hip dislocation, 3 cases of scoliosis, 4 cases of knee deformity, and 3 cases of ptosis. There were 5 cases of normal control of urine and stool, 10 cases of partial control of urine and stool, 6 cases of overflow urinary incontinence, and 1 case of cystostomy. According to X-ray film, the lesion of spina bifida was evaluated, the laminar insufficiency was located at L 3-L 5 in 8 cases, L 5, S 1 in 9 cases, and L 3-S 3 in 5 cases. In the patients, 12 feet were performed ankle joint arthrodesis, 10 feet subtalar arthrodesis, and 8 feet tibia-talus-calcaneus arthrodesis. Ilizarov external fixator was used in 18 feet, Hybrid fixator in 8 feet, Hybrid fixator and cannulate screws in 3 feet, and Ilizarov fixator and cannulate screws in 1 foot. All 22 patients were followed up 10-80 months (mean, 48.5 months). All ankle deformities were corrected effectively after operation, the middle and hind feet were stable, the plantar foot was restored, the whole foot was loaded, and the ulcer healed without recurrence. There were 2 cannulate screws ruptured in the subtalar arthrodesis, bone healed after screws break; no complication such as surgical infection, neurovascular injury, and so on happened. At last follow-up, based on the evaluation criteria of QIN Sihe lower limb deformity correction, the results were excellent in 15 feet, good in 9 feet, and fair in 6 feet, with an excellent and good rate of 80.0%. The treatment of flail foot with sensory disorder of spina bifida sequela is more demanding. The limited surgeries combined with external fixation play an important role for recovering the stability of foot and ankle, better clinical results, and less complications.

Undrained Stability of Footings on Slopes

Solutions for the ultimate bearing capacity of footings on purely cohesive slopes are obtained by applying finite element upper and lower bound methods. In a footing-on-slope system, the ultimate bearing capacity of the footing may be governed by either foundation failure or global slope failure. The combination of these two factors makes the problem difficult to solve using traditional methods. The importance of a dimensionless strength ratio in determining the footing capacity is broadly discussed, and design charts are presented for a wide range of parameters. In addition, the effect of footing roughness and surface surcharge are briefly quantified.

등산화 아웃솔의 독립적 서스펜션 기능이 발의 안정성 및 부하에 미치는 효과

To investigate the effects of independent suspension technology(IST) of hiking boot on the stability and load of foot, eight participants performed medial and lateral drop landing from 33.4㎝ height and 85㎝ distance to uneven surface while wearing normal & IST hiking boots. For the stability of foot during the drop landing, the balance angle & suspension angle and rearfoot angle was analyzed using high-speed video analysis. Also kinetic analysis using the force plate and insole pressure measurement was conducted to analyze vertical & breaking ground reaction force and pressure distribution. Not only the balance angle & suspension angle but also rearfoot angle was improved with IST boots for lateral drop landing. These results indicate the IST boots may have the suspension function which keeps the foot to be stable during landing. However the IST boots did not show any effect for medial landing. This might be related to the hardness of medial part of outsole. Therefore the softer outsole of medial part could be recommended. Furthermore the impact force & breaking force and insole pressure were reduced with IST boot. These results means that IST boot has not only cushioning effect but also good grip effect. Therefore the hiking boots applied the independent suspension function may help to reduce fatigue and prevent injury such as ankle sprain in hiking on uneven surface.

Inactivation of viruses in liquid manure.

The stability of some viruses and methods of virus inactivation in liquid manure are reviewed. The authors discuss experimental data on the stability of foot and mouth disease virus, classical swine fever virus, Aujeszky's disease virus, African swine fever virus, swine influenza virus, porcine paramyxovirus, bovine virus diarrhoea virus and transmissible gastroenteritis of pigs virus. Recommendations and practical advice are given for the choice and application of chemical disinfectants for slurry.

Storage stability of foot and mouth disease vaccines.

Summary : The potency of foot and mouth disease vaccines has been examin­ ed according to their shelf life and storage temperature. The authors have stu­ died five aluminium hydroxide gel-adjuvanted, formaldehyde-inactivated foot and mouth disease vaccines. These vaccines were maintained at 4°C for periods of 12 to 24 months. Certain vaccines were placed in an incubator at 25 °C for two days. The potency of these vaccines was measured in guinea pigs according to the C-index method. The results confirm that the vaccines stu­ died keep their potency beyond the normal conservation period at 4°C and for at least two days at 25 °C.

Observations on the stability of foot and mouth disease vaccine antigens

The 146S particle of the foot and mouth disease virus which is used as a vaccine antigen was found to be relatively stable when stored for prolonged periods at 4°C. However, stored antigens of virus strains of the SAT serotypes but not of a virus strain of the type O serotype became less thermostable at 37°C following 4°C storage. Vaccines returned from the field 10 months after they were made were shown to contain significant amounts of 146S antigen of the O, A, SAT 1 and SAT 2 serotypes. Vaccine containing antigens at least 6 months old was shown to stimulate an acceptable immune response.

Charcot like Change in Leprosy

Charcot like change in leprosy appears only on foot and ankle but not another joint. We found 3 cases of the destruction all over the tarsus, 23 cases on ankle joint, 8 cases on Chopart joint, 4 cases on Lisfranc joint and 7 cases on subtalar joint of 45 joints in totals.Charcot like change in tarsal bone and ankle joint may be caused by repeated distorsion. Clinical finding shows lateral instability. The sclerosis and deformity of the tarsal bone and the loose bodies in ankle joint are reviewed roentgenologically, but there is rare the proliferation of bone.In Chopart joint, Lisfranc joint and subtalar joint, a warm swollen ankle is developed without existing cause, and the stability of foot is good.There are the destruction of the navicular, cuneiforme and calcaneal bones roentgenologically, and these findings show the feature of the leprous osteous osteomyelitis in early stages.

Experimental investigations of the stability of footings in freezing clay soils

Experimental investigations of the stability of footings in freezing clay soils